Merge branch 'develop' of github.com:ChaiScript/ChaiScript into develop

Add test to call base class methods through std::unique_ptr<derived>.

.decent_ci-Linux.yaml

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 compilers:
   - name: "clang"
-    version: "3.5"
+    version: "3.6"
     skip_packaging: true
     cmake_extra_flags: -DUSE_LIBCXX:BOOL=OFF -DBUILD_SAMPLES:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_PACKAGE:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=ON -DRUN_PERFORMANCE_TESTS:BOOL=ON
     collect_performance_results: true
   - name: "clang"
     build_tag: "LibC++"
-    version: "3.5"
+    version: "3.6"
     skip_packaging: true
     cmake_extra_flags: -DUSE_LIBCXX:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_SAMPLES:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_PACKAGE:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=ON
   - name: "clang"
@@ -19,17 +19,28 @@ compilers:
     version: "3.6"
     skip_packaging: true
     cmake_extra_flags: -DUSE_LIBCXX:BOOL=OFF -DBUILD_SAMPLES:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_PACKAGE:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=ON -DENABLE_THREAD_SANITIZER:BOOL=ON
+  - name: "clang"
+    version: "3.7"
+    skip_packaging: true
+    cmake_extra_flags: -DUSE_LIBCXX:BOOL=OFF -DBUILD_SAMPLES:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_PACKAGE:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=ON -DRUN_PERFORMANCE_TESTS:BOOL=ON
+    collect_performance_results: true
+  - name: "clang"
+    build_tag: "LibC++"
+    version: "3.7"
+    skip_packaging: true
+    cmake_extra_flags: -DUSE_LIBCXX:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_SAMPLES:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_PACKAGE:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=ON
   - name: "gcc"
-    version: "4.8"
+    version: "4.9"
+    cmake_extra_flags: -DBUILD_PACKAGE:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=ON -DRUN_PERFORMANCE_TESTS:BOOL=ON
+    collect_performance_results: true
+  - name: "gcc"
+    version: "4.9"
+    skip_packaging: true
     build_tag: "NoThreads"
     cmake_extra_flags: -DBUILD_PACKAGE:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=ON -DRUN_PERFORMANCE_TESTS:BOOL=ON -DMULTITHREAD_SUPPORT_ENABLED:BOOL=OFF
     collect_performance_results: true
   - name: "gcc"
-    version: "4.8"
-    cmake_extra_flags: -DBUILD_PACKAGE:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=ON -DRUN_PERFORMANCE_TESTS:BOOL=ON
-    collect_performance_results: true
-  - name: "gcc"
-    version: "4.6"
+    version: "5"
     skip_packaging: true
     cmake_extra_flags: -DBUILD_SAMPLES:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_PACKAGE:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=ON -DRUN_PERFORMANCE_TESTS:BOOL=ON
     collect_performance_results: true

.decent_ci-Windows.yaml

@@ -10,13 +10,6 @@ compilers:
     cmake_extra_flags: -DBUILD_SAMPLES:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_PACKAGE:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=ON -DCOMMIT_SHA=%COMMIT_SHA%
     compiler_extra_flags: /analyze
     skip_packaging: true
-  - name: Visual Studio
-    version: 12
-    cmake_extra_flags: -DBUILD_SAMPLES:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_PACKAGE:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=ON -DCOMMIT_SHA=%COMMIT_SHA%
-  - name: Visual Studio
-    version: 12
-    architecture: Win64
-    cmake_extra_flags: -DBUILD_SAMPLES:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_PACKAGE:BOOL=ON -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=ON -DCOMMIT_SHA=%COMMIT_SHA%
   - name: Visual Studio
     version: 14
     build_type: Debug
@@ -25,3 +18,4 @@ compilers:
     compiler_extra_flags: /analyze
     skip_packaging: true
 
+

.travis.yml

@@ -1,33 +1,56 @@
 language: cpp
-compiler:
-  - gcc
-env:
-  matrix:
-    - GCC_VER="4.6"
-    - GCC_VER="4.8"
 
+
+addons:
+  apt:
+    sources: 
+      - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
+    packages:
+      - g++-4.9
+      - g++-5
+  coverity_scan:
+    project:
+      name: "ChaiScript/ChaiScript"
+      description: "Build submitted via Travis CI"
+    notification_email: jason@emptycrate.com
+    build_command_prepend: "cmake -D ENABLE_COVERAGE:BOOL=TRUE -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Debug . "
+    build_command:   "cmake --build . -- -j2"
+    branch_pattern: coverity_scan
+      
+matrix:
+  include:
+    - os: linux
+      sudo: false
+      env: GCC_VER="4.9"
+      compiler: gcc
+    - os: linux
+      sudo: false
+      env: GCC_VER="5"
+      compiler: gcc
+    - os: osx
+      compiler: clang
+      osx_image: xcode8
+
+  
+env:
   global:
     - secure: eiaR6pXiiEpyB8+LLQ1NvZdl0Yylru1BLy9lMoHl+IpUNGGQGywmW/2WAn77rFfmR1OPA2qWQLfgPwgK0HxUA9HHlot9tre5QhiN2Lw8NOT8tCZ6tTm2+QntDBjBGJyal/knRvQkn/6qs6GxlXRerz4ArnnuPL1vESt3zwB0YtU=
     # The next declaration is the encrypted COVERITY_SCAN_TOKEN, created
     - secure: "LfolGjP8tWm3yAwthfu3yp8Zn40aueFae580UUR34gusG87cyglq2tQDtxdy+63gWEeNfArbv9n5rZv+bDW3ggHyPjuCKKc1PlZAy07lfXUXf1uz+SFhNvNoYTn3mQG3VZ08o116p4Le2p8yqu4bylJ8wckEq7PrTwvSGVQWTWM="
 
 before_install:
-  - export CXX="g++-$GCC_VER" CC="gcc-$GCC_VER" GCOV="gcov-$GCC_VER"
-  - if [ "$GCC_VER" = "4.8" ]; then export COVERAGE=1 CPPCHECK=1; fi
-  - if [ ${COVERAGE} = 1 ]; then export FUZZY_CMD="-D RUN_FUZZY_TESTS:BOOL=TRUE"; fi
-  - sudo pip install cpp-coveralls
-  - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test -y
-  - sudo apt-get update
-  - sudo apt-get install -qq g++-$GCC_VER
+  - if [ "${GCC_VER}" != "" ]; then export CXX="g++-$GCC_VER" CC="gcc-$GCC_VER" GCOV="gcov-$GCC_VER" ; fi
+  - if [ "${GCC_VER}" == "5" ]; then export CPPCHECK=1 COVERAGE=1 FUZZY_CMD="-D RUN_FUZZY_TESTS:BOOL=TRUE" ; fi
+  - pip install --user cpp-coveralls
 
 script: 
-  - if [ ${COVERITY_SCAN_BRANCH} != 1 ]; then cmake -D ENABLE_COVERAGE:BOOL=TRUE -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Debug $FUZZY_CMD . ; fi
-  - if [ ${COVERITY_SCAN_BRANCH} != 1 ]; then make -j2 ; fi
-  - make test
+  - cmake -D ENABLE_COVERAGE:BOOL=TRUE -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Debug $FUZZY_CMD . 
+  - cmake --build . -- -j2
+  - ctest
   - if [ ${COVERAGE} = 1 ]; then bash <(curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/codecov/codecov-bash/master/codecov) -x $GCOV -a "-s `pwd`" ; fi
 
-after_script:
-  - if [ ${CPPCHECK} = 1 ]; then contrib/codeanalysis/runcppcheck.sh ; fi
+#after_script:
+#  - if [ ${CPPCHECK} = 1 ]; then contrib/codeanalysis/runcppcheck.sh ; fi
 
 
 notifications:
@@ -42,15 +65,3 @@ notifications:
     on_success: change  # options: [always|never|change] default: always
     on_failure: always  # options: [always|never|change] default: always
     on_start: false     # default: false
-
-addons:
-  coverity_scan:
-    project:
-      name: "ChaiScript/ChaiScript"
-      description: "Build submitted via Travis CI"
-    notification_email: jason@emptycrate.com
-    build_command_prepend: "cmake -D ENABLE_COVERAGE:BOOL=TRUE -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Debug . "
-    build_command:   "cmake --build . -- -j2"
-    branch_pattern: coverity_scan
-
-

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ set(CPACK_RESOURCE_FILE_LICENSE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/license.txt")
 set(CPACK_RESOURCE_FILE_README "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/readme.md")
 set(CPACK_PACKAGE_DESCRIPTION_FILE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/description.txt")
 
-set(CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR 5)
-set(CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MINOR 8)
-set(CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_PATCH 2)
+set(CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR 6)
+set(CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MINOR 0)
+set(CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_PATCH 0)
 
 set(CPACK_PACKAGE_EXECUTABLES "chai;ChaiScript Eval")
 set(CPACK_PACKAGE_VENDOR "ChaiScript.com")
@@ -148,13 +148,13 @@ endif()
 if(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCC)
   execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_C_COMPILER} -dumpversion OUTPUT_VARIABLE GCC_VERSION)
 
-  if(GCC_VERSION VERSION_LESS 4.8)
-    set(CPP11_FLAG "-std=c++0x")
+  if(GCC_VERSION VERSION_LESS 4.9)
+    set(CPP11_FLAG "-std=c++1y")
   else()
-    set(CPP11_FLAG "-std=c++11")
+    set(CPP11_FLAG "-std=c++14")
   endif()
 else()
-  set(CPP11_FLAG "-std=c++11")
+  set(CPP11_FLAG "-std=c++14")
 endif()
 
 if(MSVC)
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ endif()
 include_directories(include)
 
 
-set(Chai_INCLUDES include/chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp include/chaiscript/chaiscript_threading.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bad_boxed_cast.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bind_first.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap_stl.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_cast.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_cast_helper.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_number.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_value.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/dispatchkit.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/type_conversions.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/dynamic_object.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/exception_specification.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/function_call.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/function_call_detail.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/handle_return.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/operators.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_constructors.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_functions.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_functions_detail.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/register_function.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/type_info.hpp include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_algebraic.hpp include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_common.hpp include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_engine.hpp include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_eval.hpp include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_parser.hpp include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_prelude.chai include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_prelude_docs.hpp include/chaiscript/utility/utility.hpp include/chaiscript/utility/json.hpp include/chaiscript/utility/json_wrap.hpp)
+set(Chai_INCLUDES include/chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp include/chaiscript/chaiscript_threading.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bad_boxed_cast.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bind_first.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap_stl.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_cast.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_cast_helper.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_number.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_value.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/dispatchkit.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/type_conversions.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/dynamic_object.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/exception_specification.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/function_call.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/function_call_detail.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/handle_return.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/operators.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_constructors.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_functions.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_functions_detail.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/register_function.hpp include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/type_info.hpp include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_algebraic.hpp include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_common.hpp include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_engine.hpp include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_eval.hpp include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_parser.hpp include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_prelude.hpp include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_prelude_docs.hpp include/chaiscript/utility/utility.hpp include/chaiscript/utility/json.hpp include/chaiscript/utility/json_wrap.hpp)
 
 set_source_files_properties(${Chai_INCLUDES} PROPERTIES HEADER_FILE_ONLY TRUE)
 
@@ -249,31 +249,37 @@ set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} ${LINKER_FLAGS}")
 set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS} ${LINKER_FLAGS}")
 set(CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS} ${LINKER_FLAGS}")
 
+add_library(stdlib STATIC static_libs/chaiscript_stdlib.cpp)
+add_library(parser STATIC static_libs/chaiscript_parser.cpp)
 
-add_library(chaiscript_stdlib-${CHAI_VERSION} MODULE src/chaiscript_stdlib.cpp)
+add_library(chaiscript_stdlib-${CHAI_VERSION} MODULE src/chaiscript_stdlib_module.cpp)
 target_link_libraries(chaiscript_stdlib-${CHAI_VERSION} ${LIBS} ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
 
+set(CHAISCRIPT_LIBS stdlib parser)
+
 add_executable(chai src/main.cpp ${Chai_INCLUDES})
-target_link_libraries(chai ${LIBS})
-add_dependencies(chai chaiscript_stdlib-${CHAI_VERSION})
+target_link_libraries(chai ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
 
 if(BUILD_SAMPLES)
   add_executable(example samples/example.cpp)
   target_link_libraries(example ${LIBS})
   add_executable(test_num_exceptions samples/test_num_exceptions.cpp)
-  target_link_libraries(test_num_exceptions ${LIBS})
+  target_link_libraries(test_num_exceptions ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
   add_executable(memory_leak_test samples/memory_leak_test.cpp)
-  target_link_libraries(memory_leak_test ${LIBS})
+  target_link_libraries(memory_leak_test ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
   add_executable(inheritance samples/inheritance.cpp)
-  target_link_libraries(inheritance ${LIBS})
+  target_link_libraries(inheritance ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
   add_executable(factory samples/factory.cpp)
-  target_link_libraries(factory ${LIBS})
+  target_link_libraries(factory ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
   add_executable(fun_call_performance samples/fun_call_performance.cpp)
-  target_link_libraries(fun_call_performance ${LIBS})
+  target_link_libraries(fun_call_performance ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
 endif()
 
 
 if(BUILD_MODULES)
+  add_library(test_module MODULE src/test_module.cpp)
+  target_link_libraries(test_module ${LIBS})
+
   add_library(stl_extra MODULE src/stl_extra.cpp)
   target_link_libraries(stl_extra ${LIBS})
 
@@ -292,7 +298,7 @@ if (RUN_FUZZY_TESTS)
   file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/unittests")
 
   execute_process(
-    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E tar xjf ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/unittests/fuzzy_tests-2015-07-16.tar.bz2
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E tar xjf ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/unittests/fuzzy_tests-2016-06-29.tar.bz2
     WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/unittests
     )
 
@@ -418,7 +424,7 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
 
   if(NOT UNIT_TEST_LIGHT)
     add_executable(compiled_tests unittests/compiled_tests.cpp)
-    target_link_libraries(compiled_tests ${LIBS})
+    target_link_libraries(compiled_tests ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
     ADD_CATCH_TESTS(compiled_tests)
 
 
@@ -431,11 +437,11 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
     add_test(NAME Type_Info_Test COMMAND type_info_test)
 
     add_executable(c_linkage_test unittests/c_linkage_test.cpp)
-    target_link_libraries(c_linkage_test ${LIBS})
+    target_link_libraries(c_linkage_test ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
     add_test(NAME C_Linkage_Test COMMAND c_linkage_test)
 
     add_executable(integer_literal_test unittests/integer_literal_test.cpp)
-    target_link_libraries(integer_literal_test ${LIBS})
+    target_link_libraries(integer_literal_test ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
     add_test(NAME Integer_Literal_Test COMMAND integer_literal_test)
 
     if(MULTITHREAD_SUPPORT_ENABLED)
@@ -459,9 +465,6 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
     target_link_libraries(multifile_test ${LIBS})
     add_test(NAME MultiFile_Test COMMAND multifile_test)
 
-    add_library(test_module MODULE src/test_module.cpp)
-    target_link_libraries(test_module ${LIBS})
-
     install(TARGETS test_module RUNTIME DESTINATION bin LIBRARY DESTINATION lib/chaiscript)
   endif()
 endif()

DesignGoals.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Introduction
+
+This document outlines the principles that drive the development of ChaiScript. ChaiScript does not intent to be the perfect tool for *every* situation, but it does intend to be a good general purpose tool for *most* situations.
+
+# Goals
+
+1. Trivially easy to integrate with C++ projects
+2. 0 external depenencies
+3. "Perfect" integration with C++
+   * Direct mapping between ChaiScript objects and C++ objects
+   * Direct mapping between ChaiScript functions and C++ functions
+   * Direct mapping between ChaiScript exceptions and C++ exceptions
+3. Never surprise the C++ developer
+   * Object lifetimes managed by the stack
+   * Familiar syntax to C++ developers
+4. Perform "well enough" to not get in the way
+
+
+# Alternatives
+
+## Sol2
+
+If you are looking for the fastest performing scripting language and don't mind Lua, you might want to consider [sol2](https://github.com/ThePhD/sol2).
+
+## SWIG
+
+If you are looking for the most flexible solution to be able to support multiple target languages, consider [SWIG](http://swig.org)
+

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-version: 5.7.2.{build}
+version: 5.8.x.{build}
 os: Visual Studio 2015
 environment:
   matrix:
@@ -14,3 +14,9 @@ build_script:
     cmake --build . --config Debug
 test_script:
 - cmd: ctest -C Debug
+notifications:
+- provider: Webhook
+  url: https://webhooks.gitter.im/e/9ff725a985b5679d1d5d
+  on_build_success: true
+  on_build_failure: true
+  on_build_status_changed: false

cheatsheet.md

@@ -27,6 +27,13 @@ chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Class::method_name), "method_name");
 chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Class::member_name), "member_name");
 ```
 
+### Bound Member Functions
+
+```
+chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Class::method_name, Class_instance_ptr), "method_name");
+chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Class::member_name, Class_instance_ptr), "member_name");
+```
+
 ### With Overloads 
 
 #### Preferred
@@ -84,6 +91,49 @@ chai.add(chaiscript::user_type<MyClass>(), "MyClass");
 
 User defined type conversions are possible, defined in either script or in C++.
 
+
+
+### ChaiScript Defined Conversions
+
+Function objects (including lambdas) can be used to add type conversions
+from inside of ChaiScript:
+
+```
+add_type_conversion(type("string"), type("Type_Info"), fun(s) { return type(s); });
+```
+
+### C++ Defined Conversions
+
+Invoking a C++ type conversion possible with `static_cast`
+
+```
+chai.add(chaiscript::type_conversion<T, bool>());
+```
+
+Calling a user defined type conversion that takes a lambda
+
+```
+chai.add(chaiscript::type_conversion<TestBaseType, Type2>([](const TestBaseType &t_bt) { /* return converted thing */ }));
+```
+
+### Class Hierarchies
+
+If you want objects to be convertable between base and derived classes, you must tell ChaiScritp about the relationship.
+
+```
+chai.add(chaiscript::base_class<Base, Derived>());
+```
+
+If you have multiple classes in your inheritance graph, you will probably want to tell ChaiScript about all relationships.
+
+```
+chai.add(chaiscript::base_class<Base, Derived>());
+chai.add(chaiscript::base_class<Derived, MoreDerived>());
+chai.add(chaiscript::base_class<Base, MoreDerived>());
+```
+
+### Helpers
+
 A helper function exists for strongly typed and ChaiScript `Vector` function conversion definition:
 
 ```
@@ -97,6 +147,7 @@ chai.add(chaiscript::map_conversion<std::map<std::string, int>>());
 ```
 
 
+
 This allows you to pass a ChaiScript function to a function requiring `std::vector<int>`
 
 ## Adding Objects
@@ -111,6 +162,7 @@ chai.add_global_const(chaiscript::const_var(somevar), "somevar"); // global cons
 chai.add_global(chaiscript::var(somevar), "somevar"); // global non-const, throws if object exists
 chai.set_global(chaiscript::var(somevar), "somevar"); // global non-const, overwrites existing object
 ```
+
 # Using STL
 ChaiScript recognize many types from STL, but you have to add specific instantiation yourself.
 
@@ -170,7 +222,7 @@ Conversion to `std::shared_ptr<T> &` is supported for function calls, but if you
 ```cpp
 // ok this is supported, you can register it with chaiscript engine
 void nullify_shared_ptr(std::shared_ptr<int> &t) {
-  t == nullptr
+  t = nullptr
 }
 ```
 
@@ -260,6 +312,44 @@ if (g2.is_var_undef()) { g2 = 4; } // only initialize g2 once, if global decl hi
 GLOBAL g3; // all upper case version also accepted
 ```
 
+## Looping
+
+```
+// c-style for loops
+for (var i = 0; i < 100; ++i) { print(i); }
+```
+
+```
+// while
+while (some_condition()) { /* do something */ }
+```
+
+```
+// ranged for
+for (x : [1,2,3]) { print(i); }
+```
+
+Each of the loop styles can be broken using the `break` statement. For example:
+
+```
+while (some_condition()) {
+  /* do something */
+  if (another_condition()) { break; }
+}
+```
+
+## Conditionals
+
+```
+if (expression) { }
+```
+
+```
+// C++17-style init-if blocks
+// Value of 'statement' is scoped for entire `if` block
+if (statement; expression) { }
+```
+
 ## Built in Types
 
 ```
@@ -418,9 +508,33 @@ the contained function.
 
 If both a 2 parameter and a 3 parameter signature match, the 3 parameter function always wins.
 
+## Context
+
+ * `__LINE__` Current file line number
+ * `__FILE__` Full path of current file
+ * `__CLASS__` Name of current class
+ * `__FUNC__` Mame of current function
+
 
 # Built In Functions
 
+## Disabling Built-Ins
+
+When constructing a ChaiScript object, a vector of parameters can be passed in to disable or enable various built-in methods.
+
+Current options:
+
+```
+enum class Options
+{
+  Load_Modules,
+  No_Load_Modules,
+  External_Scripts,
+  No_External_Scripts
+};
+```
+
+
 ## Evaluation
 
 ```
@@ -432,4 +546,7 @@ use("filename") // evals file exactly once and returns value of last statement
 
 Both `use` and `eval_file` search the 'usepaths' passed to the ChaiScript constructor
 
+## JSON
 
+ * `from_json` converts a JSON string into its strongly typed (map, vector, int, double, string) representations
+ * `to_json` converts a ChaiScript object (either a `Object` or one of map, vector, int, double, string) tree into its JSON string representation

contrib/codeanalysis/fuzzy_tests/chaiscript.dict

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# My dict
+
+
+for="for"
+while="while"
+def="def"
+fun="fun"
+if="if"
+else="else"
+and="&&"
+or="||"
+auto="auto"
+var="var"
+begin_block="{"
+end_block="}"
+empty_vec="[]"
+string="string"
+vector="Vector"
+map="Map"
+return="return"
+break="break"
+true="true"
+false="false"
+class="class"
+attr="attr"
+var="var"
+global="global"
+empty_lambda=" fun(){} "
+empty_fun=" def empty_fun() {} "
+continue="continue"
+float=" 1.1f "
+double=" 2.2 "
+long_double=" 2.2ll "
+unsigned=" 3u "
+unsigned_long=" 4ul "
+unsigned_long_long=" 4ull "
+long_long=" 5ll "
+attr="attr"
+reference_del="auto &"
+int8=" int8_t(1) "
+int16=" int16_t(2) "
+int32=" int32_t(3) "
+int64=" int64_t(4) "
+uint8=" uint8_t(1) "
+uint16=" uint16_t(2) "
+uint32=" uint32_t(3) "
+uint64=" uint64_t(4) "
+int8t="int8_t"
+int16t="int16_t"
+int32t="int32_t"
+int64t="int64_t"
+uint8t="uint8_t"
+uint16t="uint16_t"
+uint32t="uint32_t"
+uint64t="uint64_t"
+
+
+
+
+
+

contrib/codeanalysis/fuzzy_tests/notes.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Command line used to find this crash:
+
+../../Downloads/afl-1.80b/afl-fuzz -i- -o findings -x chaiscript.dict -- ../a.out unit_test.inc @@
+
+If you can't reproduce a bug outside of afl-fuzz, be sure to set the same
+memory limit. The limit used for this fuzzing session was 50.0 MB.
+
+Need a tool to minimize test cases before investigating the crashes or sending
+them to a vendor? Check out the afl-tmin that comes with the fuzzer!
+
+Found any cool bugs in open-source tools using afl-fuzz? If yes, please drop
+me a mail at <lcamtuf@coredump.cx> once the issues are fixed - I'd love to
+add your finds to the gallery at:
+
+  http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/
+
+Thanks :-)

contrib/codeanalysis/fuzzy_tests/use.inc

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+def greet {
+  return("hello")
+}
+
+fun(){ "world" }

contrib/codeanalysis/runcppcheck.sh

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pushd ..
 wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/cppcheck/files/cppcheck/1.66/cppcheck-1.66.tar.bz2
 tar -xvf cppcheck-1.66.tar.bz2
 cd cppcheck-1.66
-CXX=g++-4.8 make -j2
+make -j2
 popd
 ../cppcheck-1.66/cppcheck --enable=all -I include --inline-suppr --suppress=missingIncludeSystem --std=c++11 --platform=unix64 src/main.cpp src/chai*.cpp --template ' - __{severity}__: [{file}:{line}](../blob/TRAVIS_COMMIT/{file}#L{line}) {message} ({id})'  2>output
 sed -i "s/TRAVIS_COMMIT/${TRAVIS_COMMIT}/g" output

contrib/sublimetext/ChaiScript.YAML-tmLanguage

@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-# [PackageDev] target_format: plist, ext: tmLanguage
----
-comment: 'ChaiScript Syntax: version 2.0'
-fileTypes: [chai]
-firstLineMatch: ^#!/usr/bin/env node
-foldingStartMarker: ^.*\bdef\s*(\w+\s*)?\([^\)]*\)(\s*\{[^\}]*)?\s*$
-foldingStopMarker: ^\s*\}
-keyEquivalent: ^~J
-name: ChaiScript
-patterns:
-- {comment: chaiscript shebang, match: ^#, name: comment.line.chai}
-- {match: '\b((0(x|X)[0-9a-fA-F]+)|([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?))\b', name: constant.numeric.chai}
-- begin: ''''
-  beginCaptures:
-    '0': {name: punctuation.definition.string.begin.chai}
-  end: ''''
-  endCaptures:
-    '0': {name: punctuation.definition.string.end.chai}
-  name: string.quoted.single.chai
-  patterns:
-  - {match: '\\(x\h{2}|[0-2][0-7]{,2}|3[0-6][0-7]?|37[0-7]?|[4-7][0-7]?|.)', name: constant.character.escape.chai}
-- begin: '"'
-  beginCaptures:
-    '0': {name: punctuation.definition.string.begin.chai}
-  end: '"'
-  endCaptures:
-    '0': {name: punctuation.definition.string.end.chai}
-  name: string.quoted.double.chai
-  patterns:
-  - {match: '\\(x\h{2}|[0-2][0-7]{,2}|3[0-6][0-7]|37[0-7]?|[4-7][0-7]?|.)', name: constant.character.escape.chai}
-- begin: /\*\*(?!/)
-  captures:
-    '0': {name: punctuation.definition.comment.chai}
-  end: \*/
-  name: comment.block.documentation.chai
-- begin: /\*
-  captures:
-    '0': {name: punctuation.definition.comment.chai}
-  end: \*/
-  name: comment.block.chai
-- captures:
-    '1': {name: punctuation.definition.comment.chai}
-  match: (//).*$\n?
-  name: comment.line.double-slash.chai
-- captures:
-    '0': {name: punctuation.definition.comment.html.chai}
-    '2': {name: punctuation.definition.comment.html.chai}
-  match: (<!--|-->)
-  name: comment.block.html.chai
-- {match: \b(boolean|byte|char|class|double|enum|float|fun|def|int|interface|long|short|var|auto|attr)\b,
-  name: storage.type.chai}
-- {match: \b(break|case|catch|continue|default|do|else|finally|else if|for|goto|if|return|switch|throw|try|while)\b,
-  name: keyword.control.chai}
-- {match: \b(delete|in|instanceof|new|typeof|with)\b, name: keyword.operator.chai}
-- {match: \btrue\b, name: constant.language.boolean.true.chai}
-- {match: \bfalse\b, name: constant.language.boolean.false.chai}
-- {match: \bnull\b, name: constant.language.null.chai}
-- {match: \b(Anchor|Applet|Area|Array|Boolean|Button|Checkbox|Date|document|event|FileUpload|Form|Frame|Function|Hidden|History|Image|JavaArray|JavaClass|JavaObject|JavaPackage|java|Layer|Link|Location|Math|MimeType|Number|navigator|netscape|Object|Option|Packages|Password|Plugin|Radio|RegExp|Reset|Select|String|Style|Submit|screen|sun|Text|Textarea|window|XMLHttpRequest)\b,
-  name: support.class.chai}
-- {match: '\b(s(h(ift|ow(Mod(elessDialog|alDialog)|Help))|croll(X|By(Pages|Lines)?|Y|To)?|t(op|rike)|i(n|zeToContent|debar|gnText)|ort|u(p|b(str(ing)?)?)|pli(ce|t)|e(nd|t(Re(sizable|questHeader)|M(i(nutes|lliseconds)|onth)|Seconds|Ho(tKeys|urs)|Year|Cursor|Time(out)?|Interval|ZOptions|Date|UTC(M(i(nutes|lliseconds)|onth)|Seconds|Hours|Date|FullYear)|FullYear|Active)|arch)|qrt|lice|avePreferences|mall)|h(ome|andleEvent)|navigate|c(har(CodeAt|At)|o(s|n(cat|textual|firm)|mpile)|eil|lear(Timeout|Interval)?|a(ptureEvents|ll)|reate(StyleSheet|Popup|EventObject))|t(o(GMTString|S(tring|ource)|U(TCString|pperCase)|Lo(caleString|werCase))|est|a(n|int(Enabled)?))|i(s(NaN|Finite)|ndexOf|talics)|d(isableExternalCapture|ump|etachEvent)|u(n(shift|taint|escape|watch)|pdateCommands)|j(oin|avaEnabled)|p(o(p|w)|ush|lugins.refresh|a(ddings|rse(Int|Float)?)|r(int|ompt|eference))|e(scape|nableExternalCapture|val|lementFromPoint|x(p|ec(Script|Command)?))|valueOf|UTC|queryCommand(State|Indeterm|Enabled|Value)|f(i(nd|le(ModifiedDate|Size|CreatedDate|UpdatedDate)|xed)|o(nt(size|color)|rward)|loor|romCharCode)|watch|l(ink|o(ad|g)|astIndexOf)|a(sin|nchor|cos|t(tachEvent|ob|an(2)?)|pply|lert|b(s|ort))|r(ou(nd|teEvents)|e(size(By|To)|calc|turnValue|place|verse|l(oad|ease(Capture|Events)))|andom)|g(o|et(ResponseHeader|M(i(nutes|lliseconds)|onth)|Se(conds|lection)|Hours|Year|Time(zoneOffset)?|Da(y|te)|UTC(M(i(nutes|lliseconds)|onth)|Seconds|Hours|Da(y|te)|FullYear)|FullYear|A(ttention|llResponseHeaders)))|m(in|ove(B(y|elow)|To(Absolute)?|Above)|ergeAttributes|a(tch|rgins|x))|b(toa|ig|o(ld|rderWidths)|link|ack))\b(?=\()',
-  name: support.function.chai}
-- {match: '\b(s(ub(stringData|mit)|plitText|e(t(NamedItem|Attribute(Node)?)|lect))|has(ChildNodes|Feature)|namedItem|c(l(ick|o(se|neNode))|reate(C(omment|DATASection|aption)|T(Head|extNode|Foot)|DocumentFragment|ProcessingInstruction|E(ntityReference|lement)|Attribute))|tabIndex|i(nsert(Row|Before|Cell|Data)|tem)|open|delete(Row|C(ell|aption)|T(Head|Foot)|Data)|focus|write(ln)?|a(dd|ppend(Child|Data))|re(set|place(Child|Data)|move(NamedItem|Child|Attribute(Node)?)?)|get(NamedItem|Element(sBy(Name|TagName)|ById)|Attribute(Node)?)|blur)\b(?=\()',
-  name: support.function.dom.chai}
-- {match: '(?<=\.)(s(ystemLanguage|cr(ipts|ollbars|een(X|Y|Top|Left))|t(yle(Sheets)?|atus(Text|bar)?)|ibling(Below|Above)|ource|uffixes|e(curity(Policy)?|l(ection|f)))|h(istory|ost(name)?|as(h|Focus))|y|X(MLDocument|SLDocument)|n(ext|ame(space(s|URI)|Prop))|M(IN_VALUE|AX_VALUE)|c(haracterSet|o(n(structor|trollers)|okieEnabled|lorDepth|mp(onents|lete))|urrent|puClass|l(i(p(boardData)?|entInformation)|osed|asses)|alle(e|r)|rypto)|t(o(olbar|p)|ext(Transform|Indent|Decoration|Align)|ags)|SQRT(1_2|2)|i(n(ner(Height|Width)|put)|ds|gnoreCase)|zIndex|o(scpu|n(readystatechange|Line)|uter(Height|Width)|p(sProfile|ener)|ffscreenBuffering)|NEGATIVE_INFINITY|d(i(splay|alog(Height|Top|Width|Left|Arguments)|rectories)|e(scription|fault(Status|Ch(ecked|arset)|View)))|u(ser(Profile|Language|Agent)|n(iqueID|defined)|pdateInterval)|_content|p(ixelDepth|ort|ersonalbar|kcs11|l(ugins|atform)|a(thname|dding(Right|Bottom|Top|Left)|rent(Window|Layer)?|ge(X(Offset)?|Y(Offset)?))|r(o(to(col|type)|duct(Sub)?|mpter)|e(vious|fix)))|e(n(coding|abledPlugin)|x(ternal|pando)|mbeds)|v(isibility|endor(Sub)?|Linkcolor)|URLUnencoded|P(I|OSITIVE_INFINITY)|f(ilename|o(nt(Size|Family|Weight)|rmName)|rame(s|Element)|gColor)|E|whiteSpace|l(i(stStyleType|n(eHeight|kColor))|o(ca(tion(bar)?|lName)|wsrc)|e(ngth|ft(Context)?)|a(st(M(odified|atch)|Index|Paren)|yer(s|X)|nguage))|a(pp(MinorVersion|Name|Co(deName|re)|Version)|vail(Height|Top|Width|Left)|ll|r(ity|guments)|Linkcolor|bove)|r(ight(Context)?|e(sponse(XML|Text)|adyState))|global|x|m(imeTypes|ultiline|enubar|argin(Right|Bottom|Top|Left))|L(N(10|2)|OG(10E|2E))|b(o(ttom|rder(Width|RightWidth|BottomWidth|Style|Color|TopWidth|LeftWidth))|ufferDepth|elow|ackground(Color|Image)))\b',
-  name: support.constant.chai}
-- {match: '(?<=\.)(s(hape|ystemId|c(heme|ope|rolling)|ta(ndby|rt)|ize|ummary|pecified|e(ctionRowIndex|lected(Index)?)|rc)|h(space|t(tpEquiv|mlFor)|e(ight|aders)|ref(lang)?)|n(o(Resize|tation(s|Name)|Shade|Href|de(Name|Type|Value)|Wrap)|extSibling|ame)|c(h(ildNodes|Off|ecked|arset)?|ite|o(ntent|o(kie|rds)|de(Base|Type)?|l(s|Span|or)|mpact)|ell(s|Spacing|Padding)|l(ear|assName)|aption)|t(ype|Bodies|itle|Head|ext|a(rget|gName)|Foot)|i(sMap|ndex|d|m(plementation|ages))|o(ptions|wnerDocument|bject)|d(i(sabled|r)|o(c(type|umentElement)|main)|e(clare|f(er|ault(Selected|Checked|Value)))|at(eTime|a))|useMap|p(ublicId|arentNode|r(o(file|mpt)|eviousSibling))|e(n(ctype|tities)|vent|lements)|v(space|ersion|alue(Type)?|Link|Align)|URL|f(irstChild|orm(s)?|ace|rame(Border)?)|width|l(ink(s)?|o(ngDesc|wSrc)|a(stChild|ng|bel))|a(nchors|c(ce(ssKey|pt(Charset)?)|tion)|ttributes|pplets|l(t|ign)|r(chive|eas)|xis|Link|bbr)|r(ow(s|Span|Index)|ules|e(v|ferrer|l|adOnly))|m(ultiple|e(thod|dia)|a(rgin(Height|Width)|xLength))|b(o(dy|rder)|ackground|gColor))\b',
-  name: support.constant.dom.chai}
-- {match: \b(ELEMENT_NODE|ATTRIBUTE_NODE|TEXT_NODE|CDATA_SECTION_NODE|ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE|ENTITY_NODE|PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE|COMMENT_NODE|DOCUMENT_NODE|DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE|DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE|NOTATION_NODE|INDEX_SIZE_ERR|DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR|HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR|WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR|INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR|NO_DATA_ALLOWED_ERR|NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR|NOT_FOUND_ERR|NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR|INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR)\b,
-  name: support.constant.dom.chai}
-- {match: '\bon(R(ow(s(inserted|delete)|e(nter|xit))|e(s(ize(start|end)?|et)|adystatechange))|Mouse(o(ut|ver)|down|up|move)|B(efore(cut|deactivate|u(nload|pdate)|p(aste|rint)|editfocus|activate)|lur)|S(croll|top|ubmit|elect(start|ionchange)?)|H(over|elp)|C(hange|ont(extmenu|rolselect)|ut|ellchange|l(ick|ose))|D(eactivate|ata(setc(hanged|omplete)|available)|r(op|ag(start|over|drop|en(ter|d)|leave)?)|blclick)|Unload|P(aste|ropertychange)|Error(update)?|Key(down|up|press)|Focus|Load|A(ctivate|fter(update|print)|bort))\b',
-  name: support.function.event-handler.chai}
-- {match: '!|\$|%|&|\*|\-\-|\-|\+\+|\+|~|===|==|=|!=|!==|<=|>=|<<=|>>=|>>>=|<>|<|>|!|&&|\|\||\?\:|\*=|(?<!\()/=|%=|\+=|\-=|&=|\^=|\b(in|instanceof|new|delete|typeof|void)\b',
-  name: keyword.operator.chai}
-- {match: \b(Infinity|NaN|undefined)\b, name: constant.language.chai}
-- begin: (?<=[=(:]|^|return|&&|\|\||!)\s*(/)(?![/*+{}?])
-  beginCaptures:
-    '1': {name: punctuation.definition.string.begin.chai}
-  end: (/)[igm]*
-  endCaptures:
-    '1': {name: punctuation.definition.string.end.chai}
-  name: string.regexp.chai
-  patterns:
-  - {match: \\., name: constant.character.escape.chai}
-- {match: \;, name: punctuation.terminator.statement.chai}
-- {match: ',[ |\t]*', name: meta.delimiter.object.comma.chai}
-- {match: \., name: meta.delimiter.method.period.chai}
-- {match: '\{|\}', name: meta.brace.curly.chai}
-- {match: \(|\), name: meta.brace.round.chai}
-- {match: '\[|\]', name: meta.brace.square.chai}
-scopeName: source.chai
-uuid: 93E017CC-6F27-11D9-90EB-000D93589AF6
- 
-...

contrib/sublimetext/ChaiScript.tmLanguage

@@ -1,333 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
-<plist version="1.0">
-<dict>
-	<key>comment</key>
-	<string>ChaiScript Syntax: version 2.0</string>
-	<key>fileTypes</key>
-	<array>
-		<string>chai</string>
-	</array>
-	<key>firstLineMatch</key>
-	<string>^#!/usr/bin/env node</string>
-	<key>foldingStartMarker</key>
-	<string>^.*\bdef\s*(\w+\s*)?\([^\)]*\)(\s*\{[^\}]*)?\s*$</string>
-	<key>foldingStopMarker</key>
-	<string>^\s*\}</string>
-	<key>keyEquivalent</key>
-	<string>^~J</string>
-	<key>name</key>
-	<string>ChaiScript</string>
-	<key>patterns</key>
-	<array>
-		<dict>
-			<key>comment</key>
-			<string>chaiscript shebang</string>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>^#</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>comment.line.chai</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>\b((0(x|X)[0-9a-fA-F]+)|([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?))\b</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>constant.numeric.chai</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
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-				<dict>
-					<key>name</key>
-					<string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.chai</string>
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-				<dict>
-					<key>name</key>
-					<string>punctuation.definition.string.end.chai</string>
-				</dict>
-			</dict>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>string.quoted.single.chai</string>
-			<key>patterns</key>
-			<array>
-				<dict>
-					<key>match</key>
-					<string>\\(x\h{2}|[0-2][0-7]{,2}|3[0-6][0-7]?|37[0-7]?|[4-7][0-7]?|.)</string>
-					<key>name</key>
-					<string>constant.character.escape.chai</string>
-				</dict>
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-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>begin</key>
-			<string>"</string>
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-					<string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.chai</string>
-				</dict>
-			</dict>
-			<key>end</key>
-			<string>"</string>
-			<key>endCaptures</key>
-			<dict>
-				<key>0</key>
-				<dict>
-					<key>name</key>
-					<string>punctuation.definition.string.end.chai</string>
-				</dict>
-			</dict>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>string.quoted.double.chai</string>
-			<key>patterns</key>
-			<array>
-				<dict>
-					<key>match</key>
-					<string>\\(x\h{2}|[0-2][0-7]{,2}|3[0-6][0-7]|37[0-7]?|[4-7][0-7]?|.)</string>
-					<key>name</key>
-					<string>constant.character.escape.chai</string>
-				</dict>
-			</array>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>begin</key>
-			<string>/\*\*(?!/)</string>
-			<key>captures</key>
-			<dict>
-				<key>0</key>
-				<dict>
-					<key>name</key>
-					<string>punctuation.definition.comment.chai</string>
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-			<string>\*/</string>
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-			<dict>
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-				<dict>
-					<key>name</key>
-					<string>punctuation.definition.comment.chai</string>
-				</dict>
-			</dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>(//).*$\n?</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>comment.line.double-slash.chai</string>
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-		<dict>
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-			<dict>
-				<key>0</key>
-				<dict>
-					<key>name</key>
-					<string>punctuation.definition.comment.html.chai</string>
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-				<key>2</key>
-				<dict>
-					<key>name</key>
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-			<string>comment.block.html.chai</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
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-			<string>\b(boolean|byte|char|class|double|enum|float|fun|def|int|interface|long|short|var|auto|attr)\b</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>storage.type.chai</string>
-		</dict>
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-			<string>keyword.control.chai</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
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-			<string>\b(delete|in|instanceof|new|typeof|with)\b</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>keyword.operator.chai</string>
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-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>constant.language.boolean.true.chai</string>
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-		<dict>
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-		</dict>
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-			<string>\b(s(h(ift|ow(Mod(elessDialog|alDialog)|Help))|croll(X|By(Pages|Lines)?|Y|To)?|t(op|rike)|i(n|zeToContent|debar|gnText)|ort|u(p|b(str(ing)?)?)|pli(ce|t)|e(nd|t(Re(sizable|questHeader)|M(i(nutes|lliseconds)|onth)|Seconds|Ho(tKeys|urs)|Year|Cursor|Time(out)?|Interval|ZOptions|Date|UTC(M(i(nutes|lliseconds)|onth)|Seconds|Hours|Date|FullYear)|FullYear|Active)|arch)|qrt|lice|avePreferences|mall)|h(ome|andleEvent)|navigate|c(har(CodeAt|At)|o(s|n(cat|textual|firm)|mpile)|eil|lear(Timeout|Interval)?|a(ptureEvents|ll)|reate(StyleSheet|Popup|EventObject))|t(o(GMTString|S(tring|ource)|U(TCString|pperCase)|Lo(caleString|werCase))|est|a(n|int(Enabled)?))|i(s(NaN|Finite)|ndexOf|talics)|d(isableExternalCapture|ump|etachEvent)|u(n(shift|taint|escape|watch)|pdateCommands)|j(oin|avaEnabled)|p(o(p|w)|ush|lugins.refresh|a(ddings|rse(Int|Float)?)|r(int|ompt|eference))|e(scape|nableExternalCapture|val|lementFromPoint|x(p|ec(Script|Command)?))|valueOf|UTC|queryCommand(State|Indeterm|Enabled|Value)|f(i(nd|le(ModifiedDate|Size|CreatedDate|UpdatedDate)|xed)|o(nt(size|color)|rward)|loor|romCharCode)|watch|l(ink|o(ad|g)|astIndexOf)|a(sin|nchor|cos|t(tachEvent|ob|an(2)?)|pply|lert|b(s|ort))|r(ou(nd|teEvents)|e(size(By|To)|calc|turnValue|place|verse|l(oad|ease(Capture|Events)))|andom)|g(o|et(ResponseHeader|M(i(nutes|lliseconds)|onth)|Se(conds|lection)|Hours|Year|Time(zoneOffset)?|Da(y|te)|UTC(M(i(nutes|lliseconds)|onth)|Seconds|Hours|Da(y|te)|FullYear)|FullYear|A(ttention|llResponseHeaders)))|m(in|ove(B(y|elow)|To(Absolute)?|Above)|ergeAttributes|a(tch|rgins|x))|b(toa|ig|o(ld|rderWidths)|link|ack))\b(?=\()</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>support.function.chai</string>
-		</dict>
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-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>support.function.dom.chai</string>
-		</dict>
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-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>support.constant.chai</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
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-			<string>(?&lt;=\.)(s(hape|ystemId|c(heme|ope|rolling)|ta(ndby|rt)|ize|ummary|pecified|e(ctionRowIndex|lected(Index)?)|rc)|h(space|t(tpEquiv|mlFor)|e(ight|aders)|ref(lang)?)|n(o(Resize|tation(s|Name)|Shade|Href|de(Name|Type|Value)|Wrap)|extSibling|ame)|c(h(ildNodes|Off|ecked|arset)?|ite|o(ntent|o(kie|rds)|de(Base|Type)?|l(s|Span|or)|mpact)|ell(s|Spacing|Padding)|l(ear|assName)|aption)|t(ype|Bodies|itle|Head|ext|a(rget|gName)|Foot)|i(sMap|ndex|d|m(plementation|ages))|o(ptions|wnerDocument|bject)|d(i(sabled|r)|o(c(type|umentElement)|main)|e(clare|f(er|ault(Selected|Checked|Value)))|at(eTime|a))|useMap|p(ublicId|arentNode|r(o(file|mpt)|eviousSibling))|e(n(ctype|tities)|vent|lements)|v(space|ersion|alue(Type)?|Link|Align)|URL|f(irstChild|orm(s)?|ace|rame(Border)?)|width|l(ink(s)?|o(ngDesc|wSrc)|a(stChild|ng|bel))|a(nchors|c(ce(ssKey|pt(Charset)?)|tion)|ttributes|pplets|l(t|ign)|r(chive|eas)|xis|Link|bbr)|r(ow(s|Span|Index)|ules|e(v|ferrer|l|adOnly))|m(ultiple|e(thod|dia)|a(rgin(Height|Width)|xLength))|b(o(dy|rder)|ackground|gColor))\b</string>
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-			<string>support.constant.dom.chai</string>
-		</dict>
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-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>support.constant.dom.chai</string>
-		</dict>
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-			<string>\bon(R(ow(s(inserted|delete)|e(nter|xit))|e(s(ize(start|end)?|et)|adystatechange))|Mouse(o(ut|ver)|down|up|move)|B(efore(cut|deactivate|u(nload|pdate)|p(aste|rint)|editfocus|activate)|lur)|S(croll|top|ubmit|elect(start|ionchange)?)|H(over|elp)|C(hange|ont(extmenu|rolselect)|ut|ellchange|l(ick|ose))|D(eactivate|ata(setc(hanged|omplete)|available)|r(op|ag(start|over|drop|en(ter|d)|leave)?)|blclick)|Unload|P(aste|ropertychange)|Error(update)?|Key(down|up|press)|Focus|Load|A(ctivate|fter(update|print)|bort))\b</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>support.function.event-handler.chai</string>
-		</dict>
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-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>keyword.operator.chai</string>
-		</dict>
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-			<string>constant.language.chai</string>
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-			<string>string.regexp.chai</string>
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-				<dict>
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-					<string>constant.character.escape.chai</string>
-				</dict>
-			</array>
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-			<string>meta.delimiter.object.comma.chai</string>
-		</dict>
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include/chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_HPP_
 
@@ -65,7 +69,7 @@
 /// int main()
 /// {
 ///   chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
-///   chai.add(&function, "function");
+///   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&function), "function");
 ///
 ///   double d = chai.eval<double>("function(3, 4.75);");
 /// } 
@@ -695,11 +699,10 @@
 /// Begins a function or method definition
 ///
 /// ~~~~~~~~
-/// Function Definition ::= [annotation + CR/LF] "def" identifier "(" [[type] arg ("," [type] arg)*] ")" [":" guard] block
-/// Method Definition ::= [annotation + CR/LF] "def" class_name "::" method_name "(" [[type] arg ("," [type] arg)*] ")" [":" guard] block
+/// Function Definition ::= "def" identifier "(" [[type] arg ("," [type] arg)*] ")" [":" guard] block
+/// Method Definition ::= "def" class_name "::" method_name "(" [[type] arg ("," [type] arg)*] ")" [":" guard] block
 /// ~~~~~~~~
 /// 
-/// annotation: meta-annotation on function, currently used as documentation. Optional.
 /// identifier: name of function. Required.
 /// args: comma-delimited list of parameter names with optional type specifiers. Optional.
 /// guards: guarding statement that act as a prerequisite for the function. Optional.
@@ -817,16 +820,26 @@
 /// @namespace chaiscript::detail
 /// @brief Classes and functions reserved for internal use. Items in this namespace are not supported.
 
-#include "chaiscript_defines.hpp"
-
-#include "dispatchkit/dispatchkit.hpp"
-#include "dispatchkit/function_call.hpp"
-#include "dispatchkit/dynamic_object.hpp"
-#include "dispatchkit/boxed_number.hpp"
-
-#include "language/chaiscript_eval.hpp"
-#include "language/chaiscript_engine.hpp"
+#include "chaiscript_basic.hpp"
+#include "language/chaiscript_parser.hpp"
+#include "chaiscript_stdlib.hpp"
 
 
+namespace chaiscript 
+{
+  class ChaiScript : public ChaiScript_Basic
+  {
+    public:
+      ChaiScript(std::vector<std::string> t_modulepaths = {},
+          std::vector<std::string> t_usepaths = {},
+          const std::vector<Options> &t_opts = {})
+        : ChaiScript_Basic(
+            chaiscript::Std_Lib::library(),
+            std::make_unique<parser::ChaiScript_Parser<eval::Noop_Tracer, optimizer::Optimizer_Default>>(),
+            t_modulepaths, t_usepaths, t_opts)
+        {
+        }
+  };
+}
 
 #endif /* CHAISCRIPT_HPP_ */

include/chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// This file is distributed under the BSD License.
+// See "license.txt" for details.
+// Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// http://www.chaiscript.com
+
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_BASIC_HPP_
+#define CHAISCRIPT_BASIC_HPP_
+
+#include "chaiscript_defines.hpp"
+
+#include "dispatchkit/dispatchkit.hpp"
+#include "dispatchkit/function_call.hpp"
+#include "dispatchkit/dynamic_object.hpp"
+#include "dispatchkit/boxed_number.hpp"
+
+#include "language/chaiscript_eval.hpp"
+#include "language/chaiscript_engine.hpp"
+
+// This file includes all of the basic requirements for ChaiScript,
+// to use, you might do something like:
+//
+
+/*
+
+#include "chaiscript_stdlib.hpp"
+#include "language/chaiscript_parser.hpp"
+
+ChaiScript_Basic chai(
+          chaiscript::Std_Lib::library(),
+          std::make_unique<parser::ChaiScript_Parser<eval::Noop_Tracer, optimizer::Optimizer_Default>>());
+
+*/
+
+// If you want a fully packaged ready to go ChaiScript, use chaiscript.hpp
+
+
+
+#endif /* CHAISCRIPT_BASIC_HPP_ */

include/chaiscript/chaiscript_defines.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_DEFINES_HPP_
@@ -9,20 +9,17 @@
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 #define CHAISCRIPT_STRINGIZE(x) "" #x
-#define CHAISCRIPT_COMPILER_VERSION CHAISCRIPT_STRINGIZE(_MSC_FULL_VER)
+#define CHAISCRIPT_STRINGIZE_EXPANDED(x) CHAISCRIPT_STRINGIZE(x)
+#define CHAISCRIPT_COMPILER_VERSION CHAISCRIPT_STRINGIZE_EXPANDED(_MSC_FULL_VER)
 #define CHAISCRIPT_MSVC _MSC_VER
 #define CHAISCRIPT_HAS_DECLSPEC
-#if _MSC_VER <= 1800
-#define CHAISCRIPT_MSVC_12
-#endif
+
+static_assert(_MSC_FULL_VER >= 190024210, "Visual C++ 2015 Update 3 or later required");
+
 #else
 #define CHAISCRIPT_COMPILER_VERSION __VERSION__
 #endif
 
-#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC_12
-#define CHAISCRIPT_HAS_MAGIC_STATICS
-#endif
-
 #include <vector>
 
 #if defined( _LIBCPP_VERSION )
@@ -51,26 +48,11 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#if (defined(CHAISCRIPT_MSVC) && !defined(CHAISCRIPT_MSVC_12)) ||  (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ > 4) || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 8) || (defined(__llvm__) && !defined(CHAISCRIPT_LIBCPP))
-/// Currently only g++>=4.8 supports this natively
-/// \todo Make this support other compilers when possible
-#define CHAISCRIPT_HAS_THREAD_LOCAL
-#endif
-
-#if (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ == 6)
-#define CHAISCRIPT_GCC_4_6
-#endif
 
 #if defined(__llvm__)
 #define CHAISCRIPT_CLANG
 #endif
 
-#if (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ > 4) || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 7) || defined(CHAISCRIPT_MSVC) || defined(CHAISCRIPT_CLANG)
-#define CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE override
-#else
-#define CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
-#endif
-
 
 #ifdef  CHAISCRIPT_HAS_DECLSPEC
 #define CHAISCRIPT_MODULE_EXPORT extern "C" __declspec(dllexport)
@@ -78,12 +60,8 @@
 #define CHAISCRIPT_MODULE_EXPORT extern "C" 
 #endif
 
-#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC_12
-#define CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT throw()
-#define CHAISCRIPT_CONSTEXPR 
-#else
-#define CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT noexcept
-#define CHAISCRIPT_CONSTEXPR constexpr
+#if defined(CHAISCRIPT_MSVC) || (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 5) || defined(CHAISCRIPT_CLANG)
+#define CHAISCRIPT_UTF16_UTF32
 #endif
 
 #ifdef _DEBUG
@@ -97,9 +75,9 @@
 #include <cmath>
 
 namespace chaiscript {
-  static const int version_major = 5;
-  static const int version_minor = 8;
-  static const int version_patch = 2;
+  static const int version_major = 6;
+  static const int version_minor = 0;
+  static const int version_patch = 0;
 
   static const char *compiler_version = CHAISCRIPT_COMPILER_VERSION;
   static const char *compiler_name = CHAISCRIPT_COMPILER_NAME;
@@ -115,18 +93,59 @@ namespace chaiscript {
 #endif
   }
 
-  template<typename Iter, typename Distance>
-    Iter advance_copy(Iter iter, Distance distance) {
-      std::advance(iter, static_cast<typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::difference_type>(distance));
-      return iter;
+  struct Build_Info {
+    static int version_major()
+    {
+      return chaiscript::version_major;
     }
 
+    static int version_minor()
+    {
+      return chaiscript::version_minor;
+    }
+
+    static int version_patch()
+    {
+      return chaiscript::version_patch;
+    }
+
+    static std::string version()
+    {
+      return std::to_string(version_major()) + '.' + std::to_string(version_minor()) + '.' + std::to_string(version_patch());
+    }
+
+    static std::string compiler_id()
+    {
+      return compiler_name() + '-' + compiler_version();
+    }
+
+    static std::string build_id()
+    {
+      return compiler_id() + (debug_build()?"-Debug":"-Release");
+    }
+
+    static std::string compiler_version()
+    {
+      return chaiscript::compiler_version;
+    }
+
+    static std::string compiler_name()
+    {
+      return chaiscript::compiler_name;
+    }
+
+    static bool debug_build()
+    {
+      return chaiscript::debug_build;
+    }
+  };
+
 
   template<typename T>
     auto parse_num(const char *t_str) -> typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>::value, T>::type
     {
       T t = 0;
-      for (char c = *t_str; (c = *t_str); ++t_str) {
+      for (char c = *t_str; (c = *t_str) != 0; ++t_str) {
         if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
           return t;
         }
@@ -187,6 +206,18 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       return parse_num<T>(t_str.c_str());
     }
 
+  enum class Options
+  {
+    No_Load_Modules,
+    Load_Modules,
+    No_External_Scripts,
+    External_Scripts
+  };
+
+  static inline std::vector<Options> default_options()
+  {
+    return {Options::Load_Modules, Options::External_Scripts};
+  }
 }
 #endif
 

include/chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp

@@ -14,11 +14,17 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "chaiscript_defines.hpp"
-#include "dispatchkit/dispatchkit.hpp"
+#include "language/chaiscript_common.hpp"
+
+#include "dispatchkit/function_call.hpp"
+
+//#include "dispatchkit/dispatchkit.hpp"
+#include "dispatchkit/operators.hpp"
 #include "dispatchkit/bootstrap.hpp"
 #include "dispatchkit/bootstrap_stl.hpp"
-#include "dispatchkit/boxed_value.hpp"
-#include "language/chaiscript_prelude.chai"
+//#include "dispatchkit/boxed_value.hpp"
+#include "language/chaiscript_prelude.hpp"
+#include "dispatchkit/register_function.hpp"
 #include "utility/json_wrap.hpp"
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_NO_THREADS
@@ -38,21 +44,20 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
       static ModulePtr library()
       {
-        using namespace bootstrap;
+        auto lib = std::make_shared<Module>();
+        bootstrap::Bootstrap::bootstrap(*lib);
 
-        ModulePtr lib = Bootstrap::bootstrap();
-
-        lib->add(standard_library::vector_type<std::vector<Boxed_Value> >("Vector"));
-        lib->add(standard_library::string_type<std::string>("string"));
-        lib->add(standard_library::map_type<std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value> >("Map"));
-        lib->add(standard_library::pair_type<std::pair<Boxed_Value, Boxed_Value > >("Pair"));
+        bootstrap::standard_library::vector_type<std::vector<Boxed_Value> >("Vector", *lib);
+        bootstrap::standard_library::string_type<std::string>("string", *lib);
+        bootstrap::standard_library::map_type<std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value> >("Map", *lib);
+        bootstrap::standard_library::pair_type<std::pair<Boxed_Value, Boxed_Value > >("Pair", *lib);
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_NO_THREADS
-        lib->add(standard_library::future_type<std::future<chaiscript::Boxed_Value>>("future"));
+        bootstrap::standard_library::future_type<std::future<chaiscript::Boxed_Value>>("future", *lib);
         lib->add(chaiscript::fun([](const std::function<chaiscript::Boxed_Value ()> &t_func){ return std::async(std::launch::async, t_func);}), "async");
 #endif
 
-        lib->add(json_wrap::library());
+        json_wrap::library(*lib);
 
         lib->eval(ChaiScript_Prelude::chaiscript_prelude() /*, "standard prelude"*/ );
 

include/chaiscript/chaiscript_threading.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_THREADING_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_THREADING_HPP_
 
@@ -42,34 +46,21 @@ namespace chaiscript
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_NO_THREADS
 
       template<typename T>
-      class unique_lock : public std::unique_lock<T>
-      {
-        public:
-          explicit unique_lock(T &t) : std::unique_lock<T>(t) {}
-      };
+        using unique_lock = std::unique_lock<T>;
 
       template<typename T>
-      class shared_lock : public std::unique_lock<T>
-      {
-        public:
-          explicit shared_lock(T &t) : std::unique_lock<T>(t) {}
-          void unlock() {}
-      };
+        using shared_lock = std::unique_lock<T>;
 
       template<typename T>
-      class lock_guard : public std::lock_guard<T>
-      {
-        public:
-          explicit lock_guard(T &t) : std::lock_guard<T>(t) {}
-      };
+        using lock_guard = std::lock_guard<T>;
 
-      class shared_mutex : public std::mutex { };
+
+      using shared_mutex = std::mutex;
 
       using std::mutex;
 
       using std::recursive_mutex;
 
-#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_HAS_THREAD_LOCAL
       /// Typesafe thread specific storage. If threading is enabled, this class uses a mutex protected map. If
       /// threading is not enabled, the class always returns the same data, regardless of which thread it is called from.
       template<typename T>
@@ -118,66 +109,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
             }
         };
 
-#else
-
-      /// Typesafe thread specific storage. If threading is enabled, this class uses a mutex protected map. If
-      /// threading is not enabled, the class always returns the same data, regardless of which thread it is called from.
-      /// 
-      /// This version is used if the compiler does not support thread_local
-      template<typename T>
-        class Thread_Storage
-        {
-          public:
-
-            explicit Thread_Storage(void *)
-            {
-            }
-
-            inline const T *operator->() const
-            {
-              return get_tls().get();
-            }
-
-            inline const T &operator*() const
-            {
-              return *get_tls();
-            }
-
-            inline T *operator->()
-            {
-              return get_tls().get();
-            }
-
-            inline T &operator*()
-            {
-              return *get_tls();
-            }
-
-
-          private:
-            /// \todo this leaks thread instances. It needs to be culled from time to time
-            std::shared_ptr<T> get_tls() const
-            {
-              unique_lock<mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-
-              const auto id = std::this_thread::get_id();
-              auto itr = m_instances.find(id);
-
-              if (itr != m_instances.end()) { return itr->second; }
-
-              std::shared_ptr<T> new_instance(std::make_shared<T>());
-
-              m_instances.insert(std::make_pair(id, new_instance));
-
-              return new_instance;
-            }
-
-
-            mutable mutex m_mutex;
-            mutable std::unordered_map<std::thread::id, std::shared_ptr<T> > m_instances;
-        };
-#endif // threading enabled but no tls
-
 #else // threading disabled
       template<typename T>
       class unique_lock 

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/any.hpp

@@ -21,23 +21,20 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       class bad_any_cast : public std::bad_cast
       {
         public:
-          bad_any_cast() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
-            : m_what("bad any cast")
-          {
-          }
+          bad_any_cast() = default;
 
           bad_any_cast(const bad_any_cast &) = default;
 
-          virtual ~bad_any_cast() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT {}
+          ~bad_any_cast() noexcept override = default;
 
           /// \brief Description of what error occurred
-          virtual const char * what() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+          const char * what() const noexcept override
           {
             return m_what.c_str();
           }
 
         private:
-          std::string m_what;
+          std::string m_what = "bad any cast";
       };
     }
   
@@ -53,9 +50,10 @@ namespace chaiscript {
 
           Data &operator=(const Data &) = delete;
 
-          virtual ~Data() {}
+          virtual ~Data() = default;
 
           virtual void *data() = 0;
+
           const std::type_info &type() const
           {
             return m_type;
@@ -74,14 +72,12 @@ namespace chaiscript {
             {
             }
 
-            virtual ~Data_Impl() {}
-
-            virtual void *data() CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+            void *data() override
             {
               return &m_data;
             }
 
-            std::unique_ptr<Data> clone() const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+            std::unique_ptr<Data> clone() const override
             {
               return std::unique_ptr<Data>(new Data_Impl<T>(m_data));
             }
@@ -96,6 +92,8 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       public:
         // construct/copy/destruct
         Any() = default;
+        Any(Any &&) = default;
+        Any &operator=(Any &&t_any) = default;
 
         Any(const Any &t_any) 
         { 
@@ -107,10 +105,6 @@ namespace chaiscript {
           }
         }
 
-#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER  != 1800
-        Any(Any &&) = default;
-        Any &operator=(Any &&t_any) = default;
-#endif
 
         template<typename ValueType,
           typename = typename std::enable_if<!std::is_same<Any, typename std::decay<ValueType>::type>::value>::type>
@@ -139,10 +133,6 @@ namespace chaiscript {
           }
 
 
-        ~Any()
-        {
-        }
-
         // modifiers
         Any & swap(Any &t_other)
         {
@@ -158,8 +148,7 @@ namespace chaiscript {
 
         const std::type_info & type() const
         {
-          if (m_data)
-          {
+          if (m_data) {
             return m_data->type();
           } else {
             return typeid(void);

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bad_boxed_cast.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_BAD_BOXED_CAST_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_BAD_BOXED_CAST_HPP_
 
@@ -30,32 +34,32 @@ namespace chaiscript
     {
       public:
         bad_boxed_cast(Type_Info t_from, const std::type_info &t_to,
-            std::string t_what) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
-          : from(std::move(t_from)), to(&t_to), m_what(std::move(t_what))
+            std::string t_what) noexcept
+          : from(t_from), to(&t_to), m_what(std::move(t_what))
         {
         }
 
         bad_boxed_cast(Type_Info t_from, const std::type_info &t_to)
-          : from(std::move(t_from)), to(&t_to), m_what("Cannot perform boxed_cast: " + t_from.name() + " to: " + t_to.name())
+          : from(t_from), to(&t_to), m_what("Cannot perform boxed_cast: " + t_from.name() + " to: " + t_to.name())
         {
         }
 
-        explicit bad_boxed_cast(std::string t_what) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
-          : to(nullptr), m_what(std::move(t_what))
+        explicit bad_boxed_cast(std::string t_what) noexcept
+          : m_what(std::move(t_what))
         {
         }
 
         bad_boxed_cast(const bad_boxed_cast &) = default;
-        virtual ~bad_boxed_cast() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT {}
+        ~bad_boxed_cast() noexcept override = default;
 
         /// \brief Description of what error occurred
-        virtual const char * what() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        const char * what() const noexcept override
         {
           return m_what.c_str();
         }
 
         Type_Info from; ///< Type_Info contained in the Boxed_Value
-        const std::type_info *to; ///< std::type_info of the desired (but failed) result type
+        const std::type_info *to = nullptr; ///< std::type_info of the desired (but failed) result type
 
       private:
         std::string m_what;

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bind_first.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_BIND_FIRST_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_BIND_FIRST_HPP_
 
@@ -27,45 +31,52 @@ namespace chaiscript
       }
 
     template<typename O, typename Ret, typename P1, typename ... Param>
-      std::function<Ret (Param...)> bind_first(Ret (*f)(P1, Param...), O&& o)
+      auto bind_first(Ret (*f)(P1, Param...), O&& o)
       {
-        return std::function<Ret (Param...)>(
-            [f, o](Param...param) -> Ret {
-              return f(std::forward<O>(o), std::forward<Param>(param)...);
-            }
-          );
+        return [f, o](Param...param) -> Ret {
+          return f(std::forward<O>(o), std::forward<Param>(param)...);
+        };
       }
 
     template<typename O, typename Ret, typename Class, typename ... Param>
-      std::function<Ret (Param...)> bind_first(Ret (Class::*f)(Param...), O&& o)
+      auto bind_first(Ret (Class::*f)(Param...), O&& o)
       {
-        return std::function<Ret (Param...)>(
-            [f, o](Param...param) -> Ret {
-              return (get_pointer(o)->*f)(std::forward<Param>(param)...);
-            }
-          );
+        return [f, o](Param...param) -> Ret {
+          return (get_pointer(o)->*f)(std::forward<Param>(param)...);
+        };
       }
 
     template<typename O, typename Ret, typename Class, typename ... Param>
-      std::function<Ret (Param...)> bind_first(Ret (Class::*f)(Param...) const, O&& o)
+      auto bind_first(Ret (Class::*f)(Param...) const, O&& o)
       {
-        return std::function<Ret (Param...)>(
-            [f, o](Param...param) -> Ret {
-              return (get_pointer(o)->*f)(std::forward<Param>(param)...);
-            }
-          );
+        return [f, o](Param...param) -> Ret {
+          return (get_pointer(o)->*f)(std::forward<Param>(param)...);
+        };
 
       }
 
     template<typename O, typename Ret, typename P1, typename ... Param>
-      std::function<Ret (Param...)> bind_first(const std::function<Ret (P1, Param...)> &f, O&& o)
+      auto bind_first(const std::function<Ret (P1, Param...)> &f, O&& o)
       {
-        return std::function<Ret (Param...)>(
-            [f, o](Param...param) -> Ret {
-              return f(o, std::forward<Param>(param)...);
-            });
+        return [f, o](Param...param) -> Ret {
+          return f(o, std::forward<Param>(param)...);
+        };
       }
 
+    template<typename F, typename O, typename Ret, typename Class, typename P1, typename ... Param>
+      auto bind_first(const F &fo, O&& o, Ret (Class::*f)(P1, Param...) const)
+      {
+        return [fo, o, f](Param ...param) -> Ret {
+          return (fo.*f)(o, std::forward<Param>(param)...);
+        };
+
+      }
+
+    template<typename F, typename O>
+      auto bind_first(const F &f, O&& o)
+      {
+        return bind_first(f, std::forward<O>(o), &F::operator());
+      }
 
   }
 }

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap.hpp

@@ -1,63 +1,31 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_BOOTSTRAP_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_BOOTSTRAP_HPP_
 
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <exception>
-#include <functional>
-#include <memory>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include <string>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <vector>
-#include <iterator>
-
-#include "bad_boxed_cast.hpp"
-#include "boxed_cast.hpp"
-#include "boxed_number.hpp"
-#include "boxed_value.hpp"
-#include "dispatchkit.hpp"
-#include "type_conversions.hpp"
-#include "dynamic_object.hpp"
-#include "operators.hpp"
-#include "proxy_constructors.hpp"
-#include "proxy_functions.hpp"
-#include "proxy_functions_detail.hpp"
-#include "register_function.hpp"
-#include "type_info.hpp"
 #include "../utility/utility.hpp"
-#include "../language/chaiscript_common.hpp"
+#include "register_function.hpp"
 
 namespace chaiscript 
 {
   /// \brief Classes and functions useful for bootstrapping of ChaiScript and adding of new types
   namespace bootstrap
   {
-    namespace detail
-    {
-      /// \brief Constructs a new POD value object from a Boxed_Number
-      /// \param[in] v Boxed_Number to copy into the new object
-      /// \returns The newly created object.
-      template<typename P1>
-      std::shared_ptr<P1> construct_pod(const Boxed_Number &v)
-      {
-        return std::make_shared<P1>(v.get_as<P1>());
-      }
-    }
-
     template<typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_array<T>::value>::type >
-      ModulePtr array(const std::string &type, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+      void array(const std::string &type, Module& m)
       {
         typedef typename std::remove_extent<T>::type ReturnType;
         const auto extent = std::extent<T>::value;
-        m->add(user_type<T>(), type);
-        m->add(fun(
+        m.add(user_type<T>(), type);
+        m.add(fun(
               [extent](T& t, size_t index)->ReturnType &{
                 if (extent > 0 && index >= extent) {
                   throw std::range_error("Array index out of range. Received: " + std::to_string(index)  + " expected < " + std::to_string(extent));
@@ -68,7 +36,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
               ), "[]"
             );
 
-        m->add(fun(
+        m.add(fun(
               [extent](const T &t, size_t index)->const ReturnType &{
                 if (extent > 0 && index >= extent) {
                   throw std::range_error("Array index out of range. Received: " + std::to_string(index)  + " expected < " + std::to_string(extent));
@@ -79,33 +47,29 @@ namespace chaiscript
               ), "[]"
             );
 
-        m->add(fun(
+        m.add(fun(
               [extent](const T &) {
                 return extent;
               }), "size");
-
-
-        return m;
       }
 
     /// \brief Adds a copy constructor for the given type to the given Model
     /// \param[in] type The name of the type. The copy constructor will be named "type".
     /// \param[in,out] m The Module to add the copy constructor to
     /// \tparam T The type to add a copy constructor for
-    /// \returns The passed in ModulePtr, or the newly constructed one if the default param is used
+    /// \returns The passed in Module
     template<typename T>
-    ModulePtr copy_constructor(const std::string &type, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+    void copy_constructor(const std::string &type, Module& m)
     {
-      m->add(constructor<T (const T &)>(), type);
-      return m;
+      m.add(constructor<T (const T &)>(), type);
     }
 
     /// \brief Add all comparison operators for the templated type. Used during bootstrap, also available to users.
     /// \tparam T Type to create comparison operators for
     /// \param[in,out] m module to add comparison operators to
-    /// \returns the passed in ModulePtr or the newly constructed one if the default params are used.
+    /// \returns the passed in Module.
     template<typename T>
-    ModulePtr opers_comparison(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+    void opers_comparison(Module& m)
     {
       operators::equal<T>(m);
       operators::greater_than<T>(m);
@@ -113,7 +77,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
       operators::less_than<T>(m);
       operators::less_than_equal<T>(m);
       operators::not_equal<T>(m);
-      return m;
     }
 
 
@@ -122,15 +85,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// \param[in] type The name of the type to add the constructors for.
     /// \param[in,out] m The Module to add the basic constructors to
     /// \tparam T Type to generate basic constructors for
-    /// \returns The passed in ModulePtr, or the newly constructed one if the default param is used
+    /// \returns The passed in Module
     /// \sa copy_constructor
     /// \sa constructor
     template<typename T>
-    ModulePtr basic_constructors(const std::string &type, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+    void basic_constructors(const std::string &type, Module& m)
     {
-      m->add(constructor<T ()>(), type);
+      m.add(constructor<T ()>(), type);
       copy_constructor<T>(type, m);
-      return m;
     }
 
     /// \brief Adds a constructor for a POD type 
@@ -138,22 +100,12 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// \param[in] type The name of the type
     /// \param[in,out] m The Module to add the constructor to
     template<typename T>
-    ModulePtr construct_pod(const std::string &type, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+    void construct_pod(const std::string &type, Module& m)
     {
-      m->add(fun(&detail::construct_pod<T>), type);
-      return m;
+      m.add(fun([](const Boxed_Number &bn){ return bn.get_as<T>(); }), type);
     }
 
 
-    /// to_string function for internal use. Uses ostream operator<<
-    template<typename Input>
-    std::string to_string(Input i)
-    {
-      std::stringstream ss;
-      ss << i;
-      return ss.str();
-    }
-
     /// Internal function for converting from a string to a value
     /// uses ostream operator >> to perform the conversion
     template<typename Input>
@@ -185,14 +137,13 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// Add all common functions for a POD type. All operators, and
     /// common conversions
     template<typename T>
-    ModulePtr bootstrap_pod_type(const std::string &name, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+    void bootstrap_pod_type(const std::string &name, Module& m)
     {
-      m->add(user_type<T>(), name);
-      m->add(constructor<T()>(), name);
+      m.add(user_type<T>(), name);
+      m.add(constructor<T()>(), name);
       construct_pod<T>(name, m);
 
-      m->add(fun(&parse_string<T>), "to_" + name);
-      return m;
+      m.add(fun(&parse_string<T>), "to_" + name);
     }
 
 
@@ -202,15 +153,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// for handling of Proxy_Function object (that is,
     /// function variables.
     template<typename Type>
-    std::shared_ptr<Type> shared_ptr_clone(const std::shared_ptr<Type> &p)
+    auto shared_ptr_clone(const std::shared_ptr<Type> &p)
     {
       return p;
     }
 
     /// Specific version of shared_ptr_clone just for Proxy_Functions
     template<typename Type>
-    std::shared_ptr<typename std::remove_const<Type>::type> 
-        shared_ptr_unconst_clone(const std::shared_ptr<typename std::add_const<Type>::type> &p)
+    std::shared_ptr<typename std::remove_const<Type>::type> shared_ptr_unconst_clone(const std::shared_ptr<typename std::add_const<Type>::type> &p)
     {
       return std::const_pointer_cast<typename std::remove_const<Type>::type>(p);
     }
@@ -261,43 +211,41 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
 
       /// Add all arithmetic operators for PODs
-      static void opers_arithmetic_pod(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+      static void opers_arithmetic_pod(Module& m)
       {
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::equals), "==");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::less_than), "<");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::greater_than), ">");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::greater_than_equal), ">=");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::less_than_equal), "<=");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::not_equal), "!=");
-
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::pre_decrement), "--");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::pre_increment), "++");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::sum), "+");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::unary_plus), "+");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::unary_minus), "-");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::difference), "-");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_bitwise_and), "&=");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign), "=");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_bitwise_or), "|=");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_bitwise_xor), "^=");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_remainder), "%=");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_shift_left), "<<=");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_shift_right), ">>=");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::bitwise_and), "&");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::bitwise_complement), "~");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::bitwise_xor), "^");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::bitwise_or), "|");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_product), "*=");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_quotient), "/=");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_sum), "+=");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_difference), "-=");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::quotient), "/");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::shift_left), "<<");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::product), "*");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::remainder), "%");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::shift_right), ">>");
-
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::equals), "==");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::less_than), "<");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::greater_than), ">");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::greater_than_equal), ">=");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::less_than_equal), "<=");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::not_equal), "!=");
 
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::pre_decrement), "--");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::pre_increment), "++");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::sum), "+");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::unary_plus), "+");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::unary_minus), "-");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::difference), "-");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_bitwise_and), "&=");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign), "=");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_bitwise_or), "|=");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_bitwise_xor), "^=");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_remainder), "%=");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_shift_left), "<<=");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_shift_right), ">>=");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::bitwise_and), "&");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::bitwise_complement), "~");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::bitwise_xor), "^");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::bitwise_or), "|");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_product), "*=");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_quotient), "/=");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_sum), "+=");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::assign_difference), "-=");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::quotient), "/");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::shift_left), "<<");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::product), "*");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::remainder), "%");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::shift_right), ">>");
      }
 
       /// Create a bound function object. The first param is the function to bind
@@ -337,26 +285,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
       }
 
-      static void throw_exception(const Boxed_Value &bv) {
-        throw bv;
-      }
-
-      static std::string what(const std::exception &e)
-      {
-        return e.what();
-      }
-
-      /// Boolean specialization of internal to_string function
-      static std::string bool_to_string(bool b)
-      {
-        if (b)
-        {
-          return "true";
-        } else {
-          return "false";
-        }
-      }
-
       template<typename FunctionType>
         static std::vector<Boxed_Value> do_return_boxed_value_vector(FunctionType f,
             const dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base *b)
@@ -392,7 +320,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       }
 
       template<typename Function>
-      static std::function<std::vector<Boxed_Value> (const dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base*)> return_boxed_value_vector(const Function &f)
+      static auto return_boxed_value_vector(const Function &f)
       {
         return [f](const dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base *b) {
           return do_return_boxed_value_vector(f, b);
@@ -403,94 +331,123 @@ namespace chaiscript
     public:
       /// \brief perform all common bootstrap functions for std::string, void and POD types
       /// \param[in,out] m Module to add bootstrapped functions to
-      /// \returns passed in ModulePtr, or newly created one if default argument is used
-      static ModulePtr bootstrap(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+      /// \returns passed in Module
+      static void bootstrap(Module& m)
       {
-        m->add(user_type<void>(), "void");
-        m->add(user_type<bool>(), "bool");
-        m->add(user_type<Boxed_Value>(), "Object");
-        m->add(user_type<Boxed_Number>(), "Number");
-        m->add(user_type<Proxy_Function>(), "Function");
-        m->add(user_type<dispatch::Assignable_Proxy_Function>(), "Assignable_Function");
-        m->add(user_type<std::exception>(), "exception");
+        m.add(user_type<void>(), "void");
+        m.add(user_type<bool>(), "bool");
+        m.add(user_type<Boxed_Value>(), "Object");
+        m.add(user_type<Boxed_Number>(), "Number");
+        m.add(user_type<Proxy_Function>(), "Function");
+        m.add(user_type<dispatch::Assignable_Proxy_Function>(), "Assignable_Function");
+        m.add(user_type<std::exception>(), "exception");
 
-        m->add(fun(&dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base::get_arity), "get_arity");
-        m->add(fun(&dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base::annotation), "get_annotation");
-        m->add(fun(&dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base::operator==), "==");
+        m.add(fun(&dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base::get_arity), "get_arity");
+        m.add(fun(&dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base::operator==), "==");
 
 
-        m->add(fun(return_boxed_value_vector(&dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base::get_param_types)), "get_param_types");
-        m->add(fun(return_boxed_value_vector(&dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base::get_contained_functions)), "get_contained_functions");
+        m.add(fun(return_boxed_value_vector(&dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base::get_param_types)), "get_param_types");
+        m.add(fun(return_boxed_value_vector(&dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base::get_contained_functions)), "get_contained_functions");
 
+        m.add(fun([](const std::exception &e){ return std::string(e.what()); }), "what");
 
-        m->add(user_type<std::out_of_range>(), "out_of_range");
-        m->add(user_type<std::logic_error>(), "logic_error");
-        m->add(chaiscript::base_class<std::exception, std::logic_error>());
-        m->add(chaiscript::base_class<std::logic_error, std::out_of_range>());
-        m->add(chaiscript::base_class<std::exception, std::out_of_range>());
+        m.add(user_type<std::out_of_range>(), "out_of_range");
+        m.add(user_type<std::logic_error>(), "logic_error");
+        m.add(chaiscript::base_class<std::exception, std::logic_error>());
+        m.add(chaiscript::base_class<std::logic_error, std::out_of_range>());
+        m.add(chaiscript::base_class<std::exception, std::out_of_range>());
 
-        m->add(user_type<std::runtime_error>(), "runtime_error");
-        m->add(chaiscript::base_class<std::exception, std::runtime_error>());
+        m.add(user_type<std::runtime_error>(), "runtime_error");
+        m.add(chaiscript::base_class<std::exception, std::runtime_error>());
 
-        m->add(constructor<std::runtime_error (const std::string &)>(), "runtime_error");
-        m->add(fun(std::function<std::string (const std::runtime_error &)>(&what)), "what");
+        m.add(constructor<std::runtime_error (const std::string &)>(), "runtime_error");
 
-        m->add(user_type<dispatch::Dynamic_Object>(), "Dynamic_Object");
-        m->add(constructor<dispatch::Dynamic_Object (const std::string &)>(), "Dynamic_Object");
-        m->add(constructor<dispatch::Dynamic_Object ()>(), "Dynamic_Object");
-        m->add(fun(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::get_type_name), "get_type_name");
-        m->add(fun(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::get_attrs), "get_attrs");
-        m->add(fun(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::set_explicit), "set_explicit");
-        m->add(fun(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::is_explicit), "is_explicit");
+        m.add(user_type<dispatch::Dynamic_Object>(), "Dynamic_Object");
+        m.add(constructor<dispatch::Dynamic_Object (const std::string &)>(), "Dynamic_Object");
+        m.add(constructor<dispatch::Dynamic_Object ()>(), "Dynamic_Object");
+        m.add(fun(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::get_type_name), "get_type_name");
+        m.add(fun(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::get_attrs), "get_attrs");
+        m.add(fun(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::set_explicit), "set_explicit");
+        m.add(fun(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::is_explicit), "is_explicit");
+        m.add(fun(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::has_attr), "has_attr");
 
-        m->add(fun(static_cast<Boxed_Value & (dispatch::Dynamic_Object::*)(const std::string &)>(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::get_attr)), "get_attr");
-        m->add(fun(static_cast<const Boxed_Value & (dispatch::Dynamic_Object::*)(const std::string &) const>(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::get_attr)), "get_attr");
+        m.add(fun(static_cast<Boxed_Value & (dispatch::Dynamic_Object::*)(const std::string &)>(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::get_attr)), "get_attr");
+        m.add(fun(static_cast<const Boxed_Value & (dispatch::Dynamic_Object::*)(const std::string &) const>(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::get_attr)), "get_attr");
 
-        m->add(fun(static_cast<Boxed_Value & (dispatch::Dynamic_Object::*)(const std::string &)>(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::method_missing)), "method_missing");
-        m->add(fun(static_cast<const Boxed_Value & (dispatch::Dynamic_Object::*)(const std::string &) const>(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::method_missing)), "method_missing");
+        m.add(fun(static_cast<Boxed_Value & (dispatch::Dynamic_Object::*)(const std::string &)>(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::method_missing)), "method_missing");
+        m.add(fun(static_cast<const Boxed_Value & (dispatch::Dynamic_Object::*)(const std::string &) const>(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::method_missing)), "method_missing");
 
-        m->add(fun(static_cast<Boxed_Value & (dispatch::Dynamic_Object::*)(const std::string &)>(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::get_attr)), "[]");
-        m->add(fun(static_cast<const Boxed_Value & (dispatch::Dynamic_Object::*)(const std::string &) const>(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::get_attr)), "[]");
+        m.add(fun(static_cast<Boxed_Value & (dispatch::Dynamic_Object::*)(const std::string &)>(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::get_attr)), "[]");
+        m.add(fun(static_cast<const Boxed_Value & (dispatch::Dynamic_Object::*)(const std::string &) const>(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::get_attr)), "[]");
 
-        m->eval(R""(
+        m.eval(R"chaiscript(
           def Dynamic_Object::clone() { 
             auto &new_o = Dynamic_Object(this.get_type_name()); 
             for_each(this.get_attrs(), fun[new_o](x) { new_o.get_attr(x.first) = x.second; } ); 
             new_o; 
           }
-          )"");
 
-        m->add(fun(&has_guard), "has_guard");
-        m->add(fun(&get_guard), "get_guard");
+          def `=`(Dynamic_Object lhs, Dynamic_Object rhs) : lhs.get_type_name() == rhs.get_type_name()
+          {
+            for_each(rhs.get_attrs(), fun[lhs](x) { lhs.get_attr(x.first) = clone(x.second); } ); 
+          }
 
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Value::is_undef), "is_var_undef");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Value::is_null), "is_var_null");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Value::is_const), "is_var_const");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Value::is_ref), "is_var_reference");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Value::is_pointer), "is_var_pointer");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Value::is_return_value), "is_var_return_value");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Value::reset_return_value), "reset_var_return_value");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Value::is_type), "is_type");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Value::get_attr), "get_var_attr");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Value::copy_attrs), "copy_var_attrs");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Value::clone_attrs), "clone_var_attrs");
+          def `!=`(Dynamic_Object lhs, Dynamic_Object rhs) : lhs.get_type_name() == rhs.get_type_name()
+          {
+            var rhs_attrs := rhs.get_attrs();
+            var lhs_attrs := lhs.get_attrs();
 
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Value::get_type_info), "get_type_info");
-        m->add(user_type<Type_Info>(), "Type_Info");
-        m->add(constructor<Type_Info (const Type_Info &)>(), "Type_Info");
+            if (rhs_attrs.size() != lhs_attrs.size()) {
+              true;
+            } else {
+              return any_of(rhs_attrs, fun[lhs](x) { !lhs.has_attr(x.first) || lhs.get_attr(x.first) != x.second; } );
+            }
+          }
+
+          def `==`(Dynamic_Object lhs, Dynamic_Object rhs) : lhs.get_type_name() == rhs.get_type_name()
+          {
+            var rhs_attrs := rhs.get_attrs();
+            var lhs_attrs := lhs.get_attrs();
+
+            if (rhs_attrs.size() != lhs_attrs.size()) {
+              false;
+            } else {
+              return all_of(rhs_attrs, fun[lhs](x) { lhs.has_attr(x.first) && lhs.get_attr(x.first) == x.second; } );
+            }
+          }
+        )chaiscript");
+
+        m.add(fun(&has_guard), "has_guard");
+        m.add(fun(&get_guard), "get_guard");
+
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Value::is_undef), "is_var_undef");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Value::is_null), "is_var_null");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Value::is_const), "is_var_const");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Value::is_ref), "is_var_reference");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Value::is_pointer), "is_var_pointer");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Value::is_return_value), "is_var_return_value");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Value::reset_return_value), "reset_var_return_value");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Value::is_type), "is_type");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Value::get_attr), "get_var_attr");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Value::copy_attrs), "copy_var_attrs");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Value::clone_attrs), "clone_var_attrs");
+
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Value::get_type_info), "get_type_info");
+        m.add(user_type<Type_Info>(), "Type_Info");
+        m.add(constructor<Type_Info (const Type_Info &)>(), "Type_Info");
 
 
         operators::equal<Type_Info>(m);
 
-        m->add(fun(&Type_Info::is_const), "is_type_const");
-        m->add(fun(&Type_Info::is_reference), "is_type_reference");
-        m->add(fun(&Type_Info::is_void), "is_type_void");
-        m->add(fun(&Type_Info::is_undef), "is_type_undef");
-        m->add(fun(&Type_Info::is_pointer), "is_type_pointer");
-        m->add(fun(&Type_Info::is_arithmetic), "is_type_arithmetic");
-        m->add(fun(&Type_Info::name), "cpp_name");
-        m->add(fun(&Type_Info::bare_name), "cpp_bare_name");
-        m->add(fun(&Type_Info::bare_equal), "bare_equal");
+        m.add(fun(&Type_Info::is_const), "is_type_const");
+        m.add(fun(&Type_Info::is_reference), "is_type_reference");
+        m.add(fun(&Type_Info::is_void), "is_type_void");
+        m.add(fun(&Type_Info::is_undef), "is_type_undef");
+        m.add(fun(&Type_Info::is_pointer), "is_type_pointer");
+        m.add(fun(&Type_Info::is_arithmetic), "is_type_arithmetic");
+        m.add(fun(&Type_Info::name), "cpp_name");
+        m.add(fun(&Type_Info::bare_name), "cpp_bare_name");
+        m.add(fun(&Type_Info::bare_equal), "bare_equal");
 
 
         basic_constructors<bool>("bool", m);
@@ -498,15 +455,15 @@ namespace chaiscript
         operators::equal<bool>(m);
         operators::not_equal<bool>(m);
 
-        m->add(fun([](const std::string &s) -> std::string { return s; }), "to_string");
-        m->add(fun(&Bootstrap::bool_to_string), "to_string");
-        m->add(fun(&unknown_assign), "=");
-        m->add(fun(&throw_exception), "throw");
-        m->add(fun(&what), "what");
+        m.add(fun([](const std::string &s) { return s; }), "to_string");
+        m.add(fun([](const bool b) { return std::string(b?"true":"false"); }), "to_string");
+        m.add(fun(&unknown_assign), "=");
+        m.add(fun([](const Boxed_Value &bv) { throw bv; }), "throw");
 
-        m->add(fun(&to_string<char>), "to_string");
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Number::to_string), "to_string");
+        m.add(fun([](const char c) { return std::string(1, c); }), "to_string");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Number::to_string), "to_string");
 
+        
         bootstrap_pod_type<double>("double", m);
         bootstrap_pod_type<long double>("long_double", m);
         bootstrap_pod_type<float>("float", m);
@@ -530,58 +487,71 @@ namespace chaiscript
         bootstrap_pod_type<std::uint32_t>("uint32_t", m);
         bootstrap_pod_type<std::uint64_t>("uint64_t", m);
 
+
         operators::logical_compliment<bool>(m);
 
         opers_arithmetic_pod(m);
 
+        
+        m.add(fun(&Build_Info::version_major), "version_major");
+        m.add(fun(&Build_Info::version_minor), "version_minor");
+        m.add(fun(&Build_Info::version_patch), "version_patch");
+        m.add(fun(&Build_Info::version), "version");
+        m.add(fun(&Build_Info::compiler_version), "compiler_version");
+        m.add(fun(&Build_Info::compiler_name), "compiler_name");
+        m.add(fun(&Build_Info::compiler_id), "compiler_id");
+        m.add(fun(&Build_Info::debug_build), "debug_build");
 
-        m->add(fun(&print), "print_string");
-        m->add(fun(&println), "println_string");
 
-        m->add(dispatch::make_dynamic_proxy_function(&bind_function), "bind");
+        m.add(fun(&print), "print_string");
+        m.add(fun(&println), "println_string");
 
-        m->add(fun(&shared_ptr_unconst_clone<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base>), "clone");
-        m->add(fun(&ptr_assign<std::remove_const<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base>::type>), "=");
-        m->add(fun(&ptr_assign<std::add_const<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base>::type>), "=");
-        m->add(chaiscript::base_class<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Assignable_Proxy_Function>());
-        m->add(fun(
+        m.add(dispatch::make_dynamic_proxy_function(&bind_function), "bind");
+
+        m.add(fun(&shared_ptr_unconst_clone<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base>), "clone");
+        m.add(fun(&ptr_assign<std::remove_const<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base>::type>), "=");
+        m.add(fun(&ptr_assign<std::add_const<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base>::type>), "=");
+        m.add(chaiscript::base_class<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Assignable_Proxy_Function>());
+        m.add(fun(
                   [](dispatch::Assignable_Proxy_Function &t_lhs, const std::shared_ptr<const dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base> &t_rhs) {
                     t_lhs.assign(t_rhs);
                   }
                 ), "="
               );
 
-        m->add(fun(&Boxed_Value::type_match), "type_match");
+        m.add(fun(&Boxed_Value::type_match), "type_match");
 
 
-        m->add(chaiscript::fun(&has_parse_tree), "has_parse_tree");
-        m->add(chaiscript::fun(&get_parse_tree), "get_parse_tree");
+        m.add(chaiscript::fun(&has_parse_tree), "has_parse_tree");
+        m.add(chaiscript::fun(&get_parse_tree), "get_parse_tree");
 
-        m->add(chaiscript::base_class<std::runtime_error, chaiscript::exception::eval_error>());
+        m.add(chaiscript::base_class<std::runtime_error, chaiscript::exception::eval_error>());
+        m.add(chaiscript::base_class<std::exception, chaiscript::exception::eval_error>());
 
-        m->add(chaiscript::user_type<chaiscript::exception::arithmetic_error>(), "arithmetic_error");
-        m->add(chaiscript::base_class<std::runtime_error, chaiscript::exception::arithmetic_error>());
+        m.add(chaiscript::user_type<chaiscript::exception::arithmetic_error>(), "arithmetic_error");
+        m.add(chaiscript::base_class<std::runtime_error, chaiscript::exception::arithmetic_error>());
+        m.add(chaiscript::base_class<std::exception, chaiscript::exception::arithmetic_error>());
 
 
 //        chaiscript::bootstrap::standard_library::vector_type<std::vector<std::shared_ptr<chaiscript::AST_Node> > >("AST_NodeVector", m);
 
 
-        chaiscript::utility::add_class<chaiscript::exception::eval_error>(*m,
+        chaiscript::utility::add_class<chaiscript::exception::eval_error>(m,
             "eval_error",
             { },
             { {fun(&chaiscript::exception::eval_error::reason), "reason"},
               {fun(&chaiscript::exception::eval_error::pretty_print), "pretty_print"},
-              {fun(std::function<std::vector<Boxed_Value> (const chaiscript::exception::eval_error &t_eval_error)>([](const chaiscript::exception::eval_error &t_eval_error) -> std::vector<Boxed_Value> { 
+              {fun([](const chaiscript::exception::eval_error &t_eval_error) { 
                   std::vector<Boxed_Value> retval;
                   std::transform(t_eval_error.call_stack.begin(), t_eval_error.call_stack.end(),
                                  std::back_inserter(retval),
                                  &chaiscript::var<const std::shared_ptr<const chaiscript::AST_Node> &>);
                   return retval;
-                })), "call_stack"} }
+                }), "call_stack"} }
             );
 
 
-        chaiscript::utility::add_class<chaiscript::File_Position>(*m,
+        chaiscript::utility::add_class<chaiscript::File_Position>(m,
             "File_Position",
             { constructor<File_Position()>(),
               constructor<File_Position(int, int)>() },
@@ -590,7 +560,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
             );
 
 
-        chaiscript::utility::add_class<AST_Node>(*m, 
+        chaiscript::utility::add_class<AST_Node>(m,
             "AST_Node",
             {  },
             { {fun(&AST_Node::text), "text"},
@@ -599,28 +569,17 @@ namespace chaiscript
               {fun(&AST_Node::start), "start"},
               {fun(&AST_Node::end), "end"},
               {fun(&AST_Node::to_string), "to_string"},
-              {fun(std::function<std::vector<Boxed_Value> (const chaiscript::AST_Node &t_node)>([](const chaiscript::AST_Node &t_node) -> std::vector<Boxed_Value> { 
+              {fun([](const chaiscript::AST_Node &t_node) -> std::vector<Boxed_Value> { 
                 std::vector<Boxed_Value> retval;
-                std::transform(t_node.children.begin(), t_node.children.end(),
+                const auto children = t_node.get_children();
+                std::transform(children.begin(), children.end(),
                                std::back_inserter(retval),
                                &chaiscript::var<const std::shared_ptr<chaiscript::AST_Node> &>);
                 return retval;
-              })), "children"},
-              {fun(&AST_Node::replace_child), "replace_child"}
+              }), "children"}
             }
             );
 
-
-        chaiscript::utility::add_class<parser::ChaiScript_Parser>(*m,
-            "ChaiScript_Parser",
-            { constructor<parser::ChaiScript_Parser ()>() },
-            { {fun(&parser::ChaiScript_Parser::parse), "parse"},
-              {fun(&parser::ChaiScript_Parser::ast), "ast"} }
-            );
-
-
-
-        return m;
       }
     };
   }

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap_stl.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 /// \file
 /// This file contains utility functions for registration of STL container
 /// classes. The methodology used is based on the SGI STL concepts.
@@ -37,11 +41,10 @@ namespace chaiscript
       /// Bidir_Range, based on the D concept of ranges.
       /// \todo Update the Range code to base its capabilities on
       ///       the user_typetraits of the iterator passed in
-      template<typename Container>
+      template<typename Container, typename IterType>
         struct Bidir_Range
         {
           typedef Container container_type;
-          typedef typename std::iterator_traits<typename Container::iterator>::reference reference_type;
 
           Bidir_Range(Container &c)
             : m_begin(c.begin()), m_end(c.end())
@@ -71,86 +74,28 @@ namespace chaiscript
             --m_end;
           }
 
-          reference_type front() const
+          decltype(auto) front() const
           {
             if (empty())
             {
               throw std::range_error("Range empty");
             }
-            return *m_begin;
+            return (*m_begin);
           }
 
-          reference_type back() const
+          decltype(auto) back() const
           {
             if (empty())
             {
               throw std::range_error("Range empty");
             }
-            typename Container::iterator pos = m_end;
+            auto pos = m_end;
             --pos;
-            return *(pos);
+            return (*(pos));
           }
 
-          typename Container::iterator m_begin;
-          typename Container::iterator m_end;
-        };
-
-      template<typename Container>
-        struct Const_Bidir_Range
-        {
-          typedef const Container container_type;
-          typedef typename std::iterator_traits<typename Container::const_iterator>::reference const_reference_type;
-
-          Const_Bidir_Range(const Container &c)
-            : m_begin(c.begin()), m_end(c.end())
-          {
-          }
-
-          bool empty() const
-          {
-            return m_begin == m_end;
-          }
-
-          void pop_front()
-          {
-            if (empty())
-            {
-              throw std::range_error("Range empty");
-            }
-            ++m_begin;
-          }
-
-          void pop_back()
-          {
-            if (empty())
-            {
-              throw std::range_error("Range empty");
-            }
-            --m_end;
-          }
-
-          const_reference_type front() const
-          {
-            if (empty())
-            {
-              throw std::range_error("Range empty");
-            }
-            return *m_begin;
-          }
-
-          const_reference_type back() const
-          {
-            if (empty())
-            {
-              throw std::range_error("Range empty");
-            }
-            typename Container::const_iterator pos = m_end;
-            --pos;
-            return *(pos);
-          }
-
-          typename Container::const_iterator m_begin;
-          typename Container::const_iterator m_end;
+          IterType m_begin;
+          IterType m_end;
         };
 
       namespace detail {
@@ -177,22 +122,20 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         /// Add Bidir_Range support for the given ContainerType
         template<typename Bidir_Type>
-          ModulePtr input_range_type_impl(const std::string &type, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+          void input_range_type_impl(const std::string &type, Module& m)
           {
-            m->add(user_type<Bidir_Type>(), type + "_Range");
+            m.add(user_type<Bidir_Type>(), type + "_Range");
 
             copy_constructor<Bidir_Type>(type + "_Range", m);
 
-            m->add(constructor<Bidir_Type (typename Bidir_Type::container_type &)>(), "range_internal");
+            m.add(constructor<Bidir_Type (typename Bidir_Type::container_type &)>(), "range_internal");
 
-            m->add(fun(&Bidir_Type::empty), "empty");
-            m->add(fun(&Bidir_Type::pop_front), "pop_front");
-            m->add(fun(&Bidir_Type::front), "front");
-            m->add(fun(&Bidir_Type::pop_back), "pop_back");
-            m->add(fun(&Bidir_Type::back), "back");
-
-            return m;
-          } 
+            m.add(fun(&Bidir_Type::empty), "empty");
+            m.add(fun(&Bidir_Type::pop_front), "pop_front");
+            m.add(fun(&Bidir_Type::front), "front");
+            m.add(fun(&Bidir_Type::pop_back), "pop_back");
+            m.add(fun(&Bidir_Type::back), "back");
+          }
 
 
         /// Algorithm for inserting at a specific position into a container
@@ -230,10 +173,16 @@ namespace chaiscript
       }
 
       template<typename ContainerType>
-        ModulePtr input_range_type(const std::string &type, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void input_range_type(const std::string &type, Module& m)
         {
-          detail::input_range_type_impl<Bidir_Range<ContainerType> >(type,m);
-          detail::input_range_type_impl<Const_Bidir_Range<ContainerType> >("Const_" + type, m);
+          detail::input_range_type_impl<Bidir_Range<ContainerType, typename ContainerType::iterator> >(type,m);
+          detail::input_range_type_impl<Bidir_Range<const ContainerType, typename ContainerType::const_iterator> >("Const_" + type,m);
+        }
+      template<typename ContainerType>
+        ModulePtr input_range_type(const std::string &type)
+        {
+          auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+          input_range_type<ContainerType>(type, *m);
           return m;
         }
 
@@ -241,11 +190,11 @@ namespace chaiscript
       /// Add random_access_container concept to the given ContainerType
       /// http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessContainer.html
       template<typename ContainerType>
-        ModulePtr random_access_container_type(const std::string &/*type*/, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void random_access_container_type(const std::string &/*type*/, Module& m)
         {
           //In the interest of runtime safety for the m, we prefer the at() method for [] access,
           //to throw an exception in an out of bounds condition.
-          m->add(
+          m.add(
               fun(
                 [](ContainerType &c, int index) -> typename ContainerType::reference {
                   /// \todo we are prefering to keep the key as 'int' to avoid runtime conversions
@@ -253,25 +202,71 @@ namespace chaiscript
                   return c.at(static_cast<typename ContainerType::size_type>(index));
                 }), "[]");
 
-          m->add(
+          m.add(
               fun(
                 [](const ContainerType &c, int index) -> typename ContainerType::const_reference {
                   /// \todo we are prefering to keep the key as 'int' to avoid runtime conversions
                   /// during dispatch. reevaluate
                   return c.at(static_cast<typename ContainerType::size_type>(index));
                 }), "[]");
-
+        }
+      template<typename ContainerType>
+        ModulePtr random_access_container_type(const std::string &type)
+        {
+          auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+          random_access_container_type<ContainerType>(type, *m);
           return m;
         }
 
 
+
       /// Add assignable concept to the given ContainerType
       /// http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Assignable.html
       template<typename ContainerType>
-        ModulePtr assignable_type(const std::string &type, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void assignable_type(const std::string &type, Module& m)
         {
           copy_constructor<ContainerType>(type, m);
           operators::assign<ContainerType>(m);
+        }
+      template<typename ContainerType>
+        ModulePtr assignable_type(const std::string &type)
+        {
+          auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+          assignable_type<ContainerType>(type, *m);
+          return m;
+        }
+
+
+      /// Add container resize concept to the given ContainerType
+      /// http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/stl/
+      template<typename ContainerType>
+        void resizable_type(const std::string &/*type*/, Module& m)
+        {
+          m.add(fun([](ContainerType *a, typename ContainerType::size_type n, const typename ContainerType::value_type& val) { return a->resize(n, val); } ), "resize");
+          m.add(fun([](ContainerType *a, typename ContainerType::size_type n) { return a->resize(n); } ), "resize");
+        }
+      template<typename ContainerType>
+        ModulePtr resizable_type(const std::string &type)
+        {
+          auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+          resizable_type<ContainerType>(type, *m);
+          return m;
+        }
+
+
+      /// Add container reserve concept to the given ContainerType
+      /// http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/stl/
+      template<typename ContainerType>
+        void reservable_type(const std::string &/*type*/, Module& m)
+        {
+          m.add(fun([](ContainerType *a, typename ContainerType::size_type n) { return a->reserve(n); } ), "reserve");
+          m.add(fun([](const ContainerType *a) { return a->capacity(); } ), "capacity");
+        }
+      template<typename ContainerType>
+        ModulePtr reservable_type(const std::string &type)
+        {
+          auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+          reservable_type<ContainerType>(type, *m);
           return m;
         }
 
@@ -279,33 +274,44 @@ namespace chaiscript
       /// Add container concept to the given ContainerType
       /// http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Container.html
       template<typename ContainerType>
-        ModulePtr container_type(const std::string &/*type*/, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void container_type(const std::string &/*type*/, Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(fun([](const ContainerType *a) { return a->size(); } ), "size");
-          m->add(fun([](const ContainerType *a) { return a->empty(); } ), "empty");
-          m->add(fun([](ContainerType *a) { a->clear(); } ), "clear");
-          return m;
+          m.add(fun([](const ContainerType *a) { return a->size(); } ), "size");
+          m.add(fun([](const ContainerType *a) { return a->empty(); } ), "empty");
+          m.add(fun([](ContainerType *a) { a->clear(); } ), "clear");
         }
+      template <typename ContainerType>
+        ModulePtr container_type(const std::string& type)
+      {
+        auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+        container_type<ContainerType>(type, *m);
+        return m;
+      }
 
 
       /// Add default constructable concept to the given Type
       /// http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/DefaultConstructible.html
       template<typename Type>
-        ModulePtr default_constructible_type(const std::string &type, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void default_constructible_type(const std::string &type, Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(constructor<Type ()>(), type);
+          m.add(constructor<Type ()>(), type);
+        }
+      template <typename Type>
+        ModulePtr default_constructible_type(const std::string& type)
+        {
+          auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+          default_constructible_type<Type>(type, *m);
           return m;
         }
 
 
 
-
       /// Add sequence concept to the given ContainerType
       /// http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Sequence.html
       template<typename ContainerType>
-        ModulePtr sequence_type(const std::string &/*type*/, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void sequence_type(const std::string &/*type*/, Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(fun(&detail::insert_at<ContainerType>), 
+          m.add(fun(&detail::insert_at<ContainerType>),
               []()->std::string{
                 if (typeid(typename ContainerType::value_type) == typeid(Boxed_Value)) {
                   return "insert_ref_at";
@@ -314,27 +320,31 @@ namespace chaiscript
                 }
               }());
 
-          m->add(fun(&detail::erase_at<ContainerType>), "erase_at");
-
+          m.add(fun(&detail::erase_at<ContainerType>), "erase_at");
+        }
+      template <typename ContainerType>
+        ModulePtr sequence_type(const std::string &type)
+        {
+          auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+          sequence_type<ContainerType>(type, *m);
           return m;
         }
 
-
       /// Add back insertion sequence concept to the given ContainerType
       /// http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/BackInsertionSequence.html
       template<typename ContainerType>
-        ModulePtr back_insertion_sequence_type(const std::string &type, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void back_insertion_sequence_type(const std::string &type, Module& m)
         {
           typedef typename ContainerType::reference (ContainerType::*backptr)();
 
-          m->add(fun(static_cast<backptr>(&ContainerType::back)), "back");
+          m.add(fun(static_cast<backptr>(&ContainerType::back)), "back");
 
 
           typedef void (ContainerType::*push_back)(const typename ContainerType::value_type &);
-          m->add(fun(static_cast<push_back>(&ContainerType::push_back)),
+          m.add(fun(static_cast<push_back>(&ContainerType::push_back)),
               [&]()->std::string{
               if (typeid(typename ContainerType::value_type) == typeid(Boxed_Value)) {
-                m->eval(
+                m.eval(
                     "# Pushes the second value onto the container while making a clone of the value\n"
                     "def push_back(" + type + " container, x)\n"
                     "{ \n"
@@ -353,7 +363,13 @@ namespace chaiscript
                 }
               }());
 
-          m->add(fun(&ContainerType::pop_back), "pop_back");
+          m.add(fun(&ContainerType::pop_back), "pop_back");
+        }
+      template<typename ContainerType>
+        ModulePtr back_insertion_sequence_type(const std::string &type)
+        {
+          auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+          back_insertion_sequence_type<ContainerType>(type, *m);
           return m;
         }
 
@@ -362,20 +378,20 @@ namespace chaiscript
       /// Front insertion sequence
       /// http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/FrontInsertionSequence.html
       template<typename ContainerType>
-        ModulePtr front_insertion_sequence_type(const std::string &type, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void front_insertion_sequence_type(const std::string &type, Module& m)
         {
           typedef typename ContainerType::reference (ContainerType::*front_ptr)();
           typedef typename ContainerType::const_reference (ContainerType::*const_front_ptr)() const;
           typedef void (ContainerType::*push_ptr)(typename ContainerType::const_reference);
           typedef void (ContainerType::*pop_ptr)();
 
-          m->add(fun(static_cast<front_ptr>(&ContainerType::front)), "front");
-          m->add(fun(static_cast<const_front_ptr>(&ContainerType::front)), "front");
+          m.add(fun(static_cast<front_ptr>(&ContainerType::front)), "front");
+          m.add(fun(static_cast<const_front_ptr>(&ContainerType::front)), "front");
 
-          m->add(fun(static_cast<push_ptr>(&ContainerType::push_front)),
+          m.add(fun(static_cast<push_ptr>(&ContainerType::push_front)),
               [&]()->std::string{
                 if (typeid(typename ContainerType::value_type) == typeid(Boxed_Value)) {
-                  m->eval(
+                  m.eval(
                       "# Pushes the second value onto the front of container while making a clone of the value\n"
                       "def push_front(" + type + " container, x)\n"
                       "{ \n"
@@ -393,7 +409,13 @@ namespace chaiscript
                 }
               }());
 
-          m->add(fun(static_cast<pop_ptr>(&ContainerType::pop_front)), "pop_front");
+          m.add(fun(static_cast<pop_ptr>(&ContainerType::pop_front)), "pop_front");
+        }
+      template<typename ContainerType>
+        ModulePtr front_insertion_sequence_type(const std::string &type)
+        {
+          auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+          front_insertion_sequence_type<ContainerType>(type, *m);
           return m;
         }
 
@@ -401,20 +423,21 @@ namespace chaiscript
       /// bootstrap a given PairType
       /// http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/pair.html
       template<typename PairType>
-        ModulePtr pair_type(const std::string &type, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void pair_type(const std::string &type, Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(user_type<PairType>(), type);
+          m.add(user_type<PairType>(), type);
 
-
-          typename PairType::first_type PairType::* f = &PairType::first;
-          typename PairType::second_type PairType::* s = &PairType::second;
-
-          m->add(fun(f), "first");
-          m->add(fun(s), "second");
+          m.add(fun(&PairType::first), "first");
+          m.add(fun(&PairType::second), "second");
 
           basic_constructors<PairType>(type, m);
-          m->add(constructor<PairType (const typename PairType::first_type &, const typename PairType::second_type &)>(), type);
-
+          m.add(constructor<PairType (const typename PairType::first_type &, const typename PairType::second_type &)>(), type);
+        }
+      template<typename PairType>
+        ModulePtr pair_type(const std::string &type)
+        {
+          auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+          pair_type<PairType>(type, *m);
           return m;
         }
 
@@ -424,10 +447,15 @@ namespace chaiscript
       /// http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/PairAssociativeContainer.html
 
       template<typename ContainerType>
-        ModulePtr pair_associative_container_type(const std::string &type, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void pair_associative_container_type(const std::string &type, Module& m)
         {
           pair_type<typename ContainerType::value_type>(type + "_Pair", m);
-
+        }
+      template<typename ContainerType>
+        ModulePtr pair_associative_container_type(const std::string &type)
+        {
+          auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+          pair_associative_container_type<ContainerType>(type, *m);
           return m;
         }
 
@@ -435,17 +463,17 @@ namespace chaiscript
       /// Add unique associative container concept to the given ContainerType
       /// http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/UniqueAssociativeContainer.html
       template<typename ContainerType>
-        ModulePtr unique_associative_container_type(const std::string &/*type*/, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void unique_associative_container_type(const std::string &/*type*/, Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(fun(detail::count<ContainerType>), "count");
+          m.add(fun(detail::count<ContainerType>), "count");
 
           typedef size_t (ContainerType::*erase_ptr)(const typename ContainerType::key_type &);
 
-          m->add(fun(static_cast<erase_ptr>(&ContainerType::erase)), "erase");
+          m.add(fun(static_cast<erase_ptr>(&ContainerType::erase)), "erase");
 
-          m->add(fun(&detail::insert<ContainerType>), "insert");
+          m.add(fun(&detail::insert<ContainerType>), "insert");
 
-          m->add(fun(&detail::insert_ref<ContainerType>), 
+          m.add(fun(&detail::insert_ref<ContainerType>),
               []()->std::string{
                 if (typeid(typename ContainerType::mapped_type) == typeid(Boxed_Value)) {
                   return "insert_ref";
@@ -453,8 +481,12 @@ namespace chaiscript
                   return "insert";
                 }
               }());
-
-
+        }
+      template<typename ContainerType>
+        ModulePtr unique_associative_container_type(const std::string &type)
+        {
+          auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+          unique_associative_container_type<ContainerType>(type, *m);
           return m;
         }
 
@@ -462,21 +494,21 @@ namespace chaiscript
       /// Add a MapType container
       /// http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Map.html
       template<typename MapType>
-        ModulePtr map_type(const std::string &type, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void map_type(const std::string &type, Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(user_type<MapType>(), type);
+          m.add(user_type<MapType>(), type);
 
           typedef typename MapType::mapped_type &(MapType::*elem_access)(const typename MapType::key_type &);
           typedef const typename MapType::mapped_type &(MapType::*const_elem_access)(const typename MapType::key_type &) const;
 
-          m->add(fun(static_cast<elem_access>(&MapType::operator[])), "[]");
+          m.add(fun(static_cast<elem_access>(&MapType::operator[])), "[]");
 
-          m->add(fun(static_cast<elem_access>(&MapType::at)), "at");
-          m->add(fun(static_cast<const_elem_access>(&MapType::at)), "at");
+          m.add(fun(static_cast<elem_access>(&MapType::at)), "at");
+          m.add(fun(static_cast<const_elem_access>(&MapType::at)), "at");
 
           if (typeid(MapType) == typeid(std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value>))
           {
-            m->eval(R"(
+            m.eval(R"(
                     def Map::`==`(Map rhs) {
                        if ( rhs.size() != this.size() ) {
                          return false;
@@ -504,26 +536,36 @@ namespace chaiscript
           unique_associative_container_type<MapType>(type, m);
           pair_associative_container_type<MapType>(type, m);
           input_range_type<MapType>(type, m);
-
+        }
+      template<typename MapType>
+        ModulePtr map_type(const std::string &type)
+        {
+          auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+          map_type<MapType>(type, *m);
           return m;
         }
 
 
-      /// hopefully working List type
       /// http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/List.html
       template<typename ListType>
-        ModulePtr list_type(const std::string &type, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void list_type(const std::string &type, Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(user_type<ListType>(), type);
+          m.add(user_type<ListType>(), type);
 
           front_insertion_sequence_type<ListType>(type, m);
           back_insertion_sequence_type<ListType>(type, m);
           sequence_type<ListType>(type, m);
+          resizable_type<ListType>(type, m);
           container_type<ListType>(type, m);
           default_constructible_type<ListType>(type, m);
           assignable_type<ListType>(type, m);
           input_range_type<ListType>(type, m);
-
+        }
+      template<typename ListType>
+        ModulePtr list_type(const std::string &type)
+        {
+          auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+          list_type<ListType>(type, m);
           return m;
         }
 
@@ -531,20 +573,22 @@ namespace chaiscript
       /// Create a vector type with associated concepts
       /// http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Vector.html
       template<typename VectorType>
-        ModulePtr vector_type(const std::string &type, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void vector_type(const std::string &type, Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(user_type<VectorType>(), type);
+          m.add(user_type<VectorType>(), type);
 
           typedef typename VectorType::reference (VectorType::*frontptr)();
           typedef typename VectorType::const_reference (VectorType::*constfrontptr)() const;
 
-          m->add(fun(static_cast<frontptr>(&VectorType::front)), "front");
-          m->add(fun(static_cast<constfrontptr>(&VectorType::front)), "front");
+          m.add(fun(static_cast<frontptr>(&VectorType::front)), "front");
+          m.add(fun(static_cast<constfrontptr>(&VectorType::front)), "front");
 
 
           back_insertion_sequence_type<VectorType>(type, m);
           sequence_type<VectorType>(type, m);
           random_access_container_type<VectorType>(type, m);
+          resizable_type<VectorType>(type, m);
+          reservable_type<VectorType>(type, m);
           container_type<VectorType>(type, m);
           default_constructible_type<VectorType>(type, m);
           assignable_type<VectorType>(type, m);
@@ -552,7 +596,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
           if (typeid(VectorType) == typeid(std::vector<Boxed_Value>))
           {
-            m->eval(R"(
+            m.eval(R"(
                     def Vector::`==`(Vector rhs) {
                        if ( rhs.size() != this.size() ) {
                          return false;
@@ -573,16 +617,21 @@ namespace chaiscript
                    } )"
                  );
           } 
-
+        }
+      template<typename VectorType>
+        ModulePtr vector_type(const std::string &type)
+        {
+          auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+          vector_type<VectorType>(type, *m);
           return m;
         }
 
       /// Add a String container
       /// http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/basic_string.html
       template<typename String>
-        ModulePtr string_type(const std::string &type, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void string_type(const std::string &type, Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(user_type<String>(), type);
+          m.add(user_type<String>(), type);
           operators::addition<String>(m);
           operators::assign_sum<String>(m);
           opers_comparison<String>(m);
@@ -594,7 +643,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           input_range_type<String>(type, m);
 
           //Special case: add push_back to string (which doesn't support other back_insertion operations
-          m->add(fun(&String::push_back), 
+          m.add(fun(&String::push_back),
               []()->std::string{
                 if (typeid(typename String::value_type) == typeid(Boxed_Value)) {
                   return "push_back_ref";
@@ -604,21 +653,26 @@ namespace chaiscript
               }());
 
 
-          m->add(fun([](const String *s, const String &f, size_t pos) { return s->find(f, pos); } ), "find");
-          m->add(fun([](const String *s, const String &f, size_t pos) { return s->rfind(f, pos); } ), "rfind");
-          m->add(fun([](const String *s, const String &f, size_t pos) { return s->find_first_of(f, pos); } ), "find_first_of");
-          m->add(fun([](const String *s, const String &f, size_t pos) { return s->find_last_of(f, pos); } ), "find_last_of");
-          m->add(fun([](const String *s, const String &f, size_t pos) { return s->find_last_not_of(f, pos); } ), "find_last_not_of");
-          m->add(fun([](const String *s, const String &f, size_t pos) { return s->find_first_not_of(f, pos); } ), "find_first_not_of");
+          m.add(fun([](const String *s, const String &f, size_t pos) { return s->find(f, pos); } ), "find");
+          m.add(fun([](const String *s, const String &f, size_t pos) { return s->rfind(f, pos); } ), "rfind");
+          m.add(fun([](const String *s, const String &f, size_t pos) { return s->find_first_of(f, pos); } ), "find_first_of");
+          m.add(fun([](const String *s, const String &f, size_t pos) { return s->find_last_of(f, pos); } ), "find_last_of");
+          m.add(fun([](const String *s, const String &f, size_t pos) { return s->find_last_not_of(f, pos); } ), "find_last_not_of");
+          m.add(fun([](const String *s, const String &f, size_t pos) { return s->find_first_not_of(f, pos); } ), "find_first_not_of");
 
-          m->add(fun([](String *s) { s->clear(); } ), "clear");
-          m->add(fun([](const String *s) { return s->empty(); } ), "empty");
-          m->add(fun([](const String *s) { return s->size(); } ), "size");
-
-          m->add(fun([](const String *s) { return s->c_str(); } ), "c_str");
-          m->add(fun([](const String *s) { return s->data(); } ), "data");
-          m->add(fun([](const String *s, size_t pos, size_t len) { return s->substr(pos, len); } ), "substr");
+          m.add(fun([](String *s) { s->clear(); } ), "clear");
+          m.add(fun([](const String *s) { return s->empty(); } ), "empty");
+          m.add(fun([](const String *s) { return s->size(); } ), "size");
 
+          m.add(fun([](const String *s) { return s->c_str(); } ), "c_str");
+          m.add(fun([](const String *s) { return s->data(); } ), "data");
+          m.add(fun([](const String *s, size_t pos, size_t len) { return s->substr(pos, len); } ), "substr");
+        }
+      template<typename String>
+        ModulePtr string_type(const std::string &type)
+        {
+          auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+          string_type<String>(type, *m);
           return m;
         }
 
@@ -627,14 +681,19 @@ namespace chaiscript
       /// Add a MapType container
       /// http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Map.html
       template<typename FutureType>
-        ModulePtr future_type(const std::string &type, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void future_type(const std::string &type, Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(user_type<FutureType>(), type);
-
-          m->add(fun([](const FutureType &t) { return t.valid(); }), "valid");
-          m->add(fun(&FutureType::get), "get");
-          m->add(fun(&FutureType::wait), "wait");
+          m.add(user_type<FutureType>(), type);
 
+          m.add(fun([](const FutureType &t) { return t.valid(); }), "valid");
+          m.add(fun(&FutureType::get), "get");
+          m.add(fun(&FutureType::wait), "wait");
+        }
+      template<typename FutureType>
+        ModulePtr future_type(const std::string &type)
+        {
+          auto m = std::make_shared<Module>();
+          future_type<FutureType>(type, *m);
           return m;
         }
     }

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_cast.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_BOXED_CAST_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_BOXED_CAST_HPP_
 
@@ -69,11 +73,11 @@ namespace chaiscript
   /// assert(i == 5);
   /// \endcode
   template<typename Type>
-  typename detail::Cast_Helper<Type>::Result_Type boxed_cast(const Boxed_Value &bv, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions = nullptr)
+  decltype(auto) boxed_cast(const Boxed_Value &bv, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions = nullptr)
   {
     if (!t_conversions || bv.get_type_info().bare_equal(user_type<Type>()) || (t_conversions && !(*t_conversions)->convertable_type<Type>())) {
       try {
-        return detail::Cast_Helper<Type>::cast(bv, t_conversions);
+        return(detail::Cast_Helper<Type>::cast(bv, t_conversions));
       } catch (const chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast &) {
       }
     }
@@ -82,21 +86,19 @@ namespace chaiscript
     if (t_conversions && (*t_conversions)->convertable_type<Type>())
     {
       try {
-        // std::cout << "trying an up conversion " << typeid(Type).name() << '\n';
         // We will not catch any bad_boxed_dynamic_cast that is thrown, let the user get it
         // either way, we are not responsible if it doesn't work
-        return detail::Cast_Helper<Type>::cast((*t_conversions)->boxed_type_conversion<Type>(t_conversions->saves(), bv), t_conversions);
+        return(detail::Cast_Helper<Type>::cast((*t_conversions)->boxed_type_conversion<Type>(t_conversions->saves(), bv), t_conversions));
       } catch (...) {
         try {
-        //  std::cout << "trying a down conversion " << typeid(Type).name() << '\n';
-          // try going the other way - down the inheritance graph
-          return detail::Cast_Helper<Type>::cast((*t_conversions)->boxed_type_down_conversion<Type>(t_conversions->saves(), bv), t_conversions);
+          // try going the other way
+          return(detail::Cast_Helper<Type>::cast((*t_conversions)->boxed_type_down_conversion<Type>(t_conversions->saves(), bv), t_conversions));
         } catch (const chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast &) {
           throw exception::bad_boxed_cast(bv.get_type_info(), typeid(Type));
         }
       }
     } else {
-      // If it's not polymorphic, just throw the error, don't waste the time on the 
+      // If it's not convertable, just throw the error, don't waste the time on the 
       // attempted dynamic_cast
       throw exception::bad_boxed_cast(bv.get_type_info(), typeid(Type));
     }

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_cast_helper.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_BOXED_CAST_HELPER_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_BOXED_CAST_HELPER_HPP_
 
@@ -25,25 +29,54 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename T>
       T* throw_if_null(T *t)
       {
-        if (t) return t;
+        if (t) { return t; }
         throw std::runtime_error("Attempted to dereference null Boxed_Value");
       }
 
+    template<typename T>
+    static const T *verify_type_no_throw(const Boxed_Value &ob, const std::type_info &ti, const T *ptr) {
+      if (ob.get_type_info() == ti) {
+        return ptr;
+      } else {
+        throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
+      }
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    static T *verify_type_no_throw(const Boxed_Value &ob, const std::type_info &ti, T *ptr) {
+      if (!ob.is_const() && ob.get_type_info() == ti) {
+        return ptr;
+      } else {
+        throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    template<typename T>
+    static const T *verify_type(const Boxed_Value &ob, const std::type_info &ti, const T *ptr) {
+      if (ob.get_type_info().bare_equal_type_info(ti)) {
+        return throw_if_null(ptr);
+      } else {
+        throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
+      }
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    static T *verify_type(const Boxed_Value &ob, const std::type_info &ti, T *ptr) {
+      if (!ob.is_const() && ob.get_type_info().bare_equal_type_info(ti)) {
+        return throw_if_null(ptr);
+      } else {
+        throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
+      }
+    }
+
     /// Generic Cast_Helper_Inner, for casting to any type
     template<typename Result>
       struct Cast_Helper_Inner
       {
-        typedef typename std::add_const<Result>::type Result_Type;
-
-        static Result_Type cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        static Result cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
         {
-          if (ob.get_type_info().bare_equal_type_info(typeid(Result)))
-          {
-            auto p = throw_if_null(ob.get_const_ptr());
-            return *static_cast<const Result *>(p);
-          } else {
-            throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
-          }
+          return *static_cast<const Result *>(verify_type(ob, typeid(Result), ob.get_const_ptr()));
         }
       };
 
@@ -57,15 +90,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename Result>
       struct Cast_Helper_Inner<const Result *>
       {
-        typedef const Result * Result_Type;
-        static Result_Type cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        static const Result * cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
         {
-          if (ob.get_type_info().bare_equal_type_info(typeid(Result)))
-          {
-            return static_cast<const Result *>(ob.get_const_ptr());
-          } else {
-            throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
-          }
+          return static_cast<const Result *>(verify_type_no_throw(ob, typeid(Result), ob.get_const_ptr()));
         }
       };
 
@@ -73,15 +100,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename Result>
       struct Cast_Helper_Inner<Result *>
       {
-        typedef Result * Result_Type;
-        static Result_Type cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        static Result * cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
         {
-          if (!ob.get_type_info().is_const() && ob.get_type_info() == typeid(Result))
-          {
-            return static_cast<Result *>(ob.get_ptr());
-          } else {
-            throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
-          }
+          return static_cast<Result *>(verify_type_no_throw(ob, typeid(Result), ob.get_ptr()));
         }
       };
 
@@ -100,17 +121,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename Result>
       struct Cast_Helper_Inner<const Result &>
       {
-        typedef const Result& Result_Type;
-
-        static Result_Type cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        static const Result & cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
         {
-          if (ob.get_type_info().bare_equal_type_info(typeid(Result)))
-          {
-            auto p = throw_if_null(ob.get_const_ptr());
-            return *static_cast<const Result *>(p);
-          } else {
-            throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
-          }
+          return *static_cast<const Result *>(verify_type(ob, typeid(Result), ob.get_const_ptr()));
         }
       };
 
@@ -120,26 +133,61 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename Result>
       struct Cast_Helper_Inner<Result &>
       {
-        typedef Result& Result_Type;
-
-        static Result_Type cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        static Result& cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
         {
-          if (!ob.get_type_info().is_const() && ob.get_type_info().bare_equal_type_info(typeid(Result)))
-          {
-            return *(static_cast<Result *>(throw_if_null(ob.get_ptr())));
-          } else {
-            throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
-          }
+          return *static_cast<Result *>(verify_type(ob, typeid(Result), ob.get_ptr()));
         }
       };
 
+    /// Cast_Helper_Inner for casting to a && type
+    template<typename Result>
+      struct Cast_Helper_Inner<Result &&>
+      {
+        static Result&& cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        {
+          return std::move(*static_cast<Result *>(verify_type(ob, typeid(Result), ob.get_ptr())));
+        }
+      };
+
+    /// Cast_Helper_Inner for casting to a std::unique_ptr<> && type
+    /// \todo Fix the fact that this has to be in a shared_ptr for now
+    template<typename Result>
+      struct Cast_Helper_Inner<std::unique_ptr<Result> &&>
+      {
+        static std::unique_ptr<Result> &&cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        {
+          return std::move(*(ob.get().cast<std::shared_ptr<std::unique_ptr<Result>>>()));
+        }
+      };
+
+    /// Cast_Helper_Inner for casting to a std::unique_ptr<> & type
+    /// \todo Fix the fact that this has to be in a shared_ptr for now
+    template<typename Result>
+      struct Cast_Helper_Inner<std::unique_ptr<Result> &>
+      {
+        static std::unique_ptr<Result> &cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        {
+          return *(ob.get().cast<std::shared_ptr<std::unique_ptr<Result>>>());
+        }
+      };
+
+    /// Cast_Helper_Inner for casting to a std::unique_ptr<> & type
+    /// \todo Fix the fact that this has to be in a shared_ptr for now
+    template<typename Result>
+      struct Cast_Helper_Inner<const std::unique_ptr<Result> &>
+      {
+        static std::unique_ptr<Result> &cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        {
+          return *(ob.get().cast<std::shared_ptr<std::unique_ptr<Result>>>());
+        }
+      };
+
+
     /// Cast_Helper_Inner for casting to a std::shared_ptr<> type
     template<typename Result>
       struct Cast_Helper_Inner<std::shared_ptr<Result> >
       {
-        typedef std::shared_ptr<Result> Result_Type;
-
-        static Result_Type cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        static auto cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
         {
           return ob.get().cast<std::shared_ptr<Result> >();
         }
@@ -149,9 +197,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename Result>
       struct Cast_Helper_Inner<std::shared_ptr<const Result> >
       {
-        typedef std::shared_ptr<const Result> Result_Type;
-
-        static Result_Type cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        static auto cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
         {
           if (!ob.get_type_info().is_const())
           {
@@ -177,10 +223,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       struct Cast_Helper_Inner<std::shared_ptr<Result> &>
       {
         static_assert(!std::is_const<Result>::value, "Non-const reference to std::shared_ptr<const T> is not supported");
-
-        typedef Boxed_Value::Sentinel<Result> Result_Type;
-
-        static Result_Type cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        static auto cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
         {
           std::shared_ptr<Result> &res = ob.get().cast<std::shared_ptr<Result> >();
           return ob.pointer_sentinel(res);
@@ -204,9 +247,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<>
       struct Cast_Helper_Inner<Boxed_Value>
       {
-        typedef Boxed_Value Result_Type;
-
-        static Result_Type cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        static Boxed_Value cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
         {
           return ob;
         }
@@ -216,9 +257,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<>
       struct Cast_Helper_Inner<Boxed_Value &>
       {
-        typedef std::reference_wrapper<Boxed_Value> Result_Type;
-
-        static Result_Type cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        static std::reference_wrapper<Boxed_Value> cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
         {
           return std::ref(const_cast<Boxed_Value &>(ob));
         }
@@ -272,11 +311,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename T>
       struct Cast_Helper
       {
-        typedef typename Cast_Helper_Inner<T>::Result_Type Result_Type;
-
-        static Result_Type cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
+        static decltype(auto) cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
         {
-          return Cast_Helper_Inner<T>::cast(ob, t_conversions);
+          return(Cast_Helper_Inner<T>::cast(ob, t_conversions));
         }
       };
   }

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_number.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_BOXED_NUMERIC_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_BOXED_NUMERIC_HPP_
 
@@ -28,9 +31,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
   {
     struct arithmetic_error : std::runtime_error
     {
-      arithmetic_error(const std::string& reason) : std::runtime_error("Arithmetic error: " + reason) {}
+      explicit arithmetic_error(const std::string& reason) : std::runtime_error("Arithmetic error: " + reason) {}
       arithmetic_error(const arithmetic_error &) = default;
-      virtual ~arithmetic_error() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT {}
+      ~arithmetic_error() noexcept override = default;
     };
   }
 }
@@ -91,7 +94,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
       }
 
-      static CHAISCRIPT_CONSTEXPR Common_Types get_common_type(size_t t_size, bool t_signed)
+      static constexpr Common_Types get_common_type(size_t t_size, bool t_signed)
       {
         return   (t_size == 1 && t_signed)?(Common_Types::t_int8)
                 :(t_size == 1)?(Common_Types::t_uint8)
@@ -162,17 +165,17 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
         switch (t_oper)
         {
-          case Operators::equals:
+          case Operators::Opers::equals:
             return const_var(t == u);
-          case Operators::less_than:
+          case Operators::Opers::less_than:
             return const_var(t < u);
-          case Operators::greater_than:
+          case Operators::Opers::greater_than:
             return const_var(t > u);
-          case Operators::less_than_equal:
+          case Operators::Opers::less_than_equal:
             return const_var(t <= u);
-          case Operators::greater_than_equal:
+          case Operators::Opers::greater_than_equal:
             return const_var(t >= u);
-          case Operators::not_equal:
+          case Operators::Opers::not_equal:
             return const_var(t != u);
           default:
             throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
@@ -184,10 +187,10 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
         switch (t_oper)
         {
-          case Operators::pre_increment:
+          case Operators::Opers::pre_increment:
             ++t;
             break;
-          case Operators::pre_decrement:
+          case Operators::Opers::pre_decrement:
             --t;
             break;
           default:
@@ -202,20 +205,20 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
         switch (t_oper)
         {
-          case Operators::assign:
+          case Operators::Opers::assign:
             t = u;
             break;
-          case Operators::assign_product:
+          case Operators::Opers::assign_product:
             t *= u;
             break;
-          case Operators::assign_sum:
+          case Operators::Opers::assign_sum:
             t += u;
             break;
-          case Operators::assign_quotient:
+          case Operators::Opers::assign_quotient:
             check_divide_by_zero(u);
             t /= u;
             break;
-          case Operators::assign_difference:
+          case Operators::Opers::assign_difference:
             t -= u;
             break;
           default:
@@ -230,23 +233,23 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
         switch (t_oper)
         {
-          case Operators::assign_bitwise_and:
+          case Operators::Opers::assign_bitwise_and:
             t &= u;
             break;
-          case Operators::assign_bitwise_or:
+          case Operators::Opers::assign_bitwise_or:
             t |= u;
             break;
-          case Operators::assign_shift_left:
+          case Operators::Opers::assign_shift_left:
             t <<= u;
             break;
-          case Operators::assign_shift_right:
+          case Operators::Opers::assign_shift_right:
             t >>= u;
             break;
-          case Operators::assign_remainder:
+          case Operators::Opers::assign_remainder:
             check_divide_by_zero(u);
             t %= u;
             break;
-          case Operators::assign_bitwise_xor:
+          case Operators::Opers::assign_bitwise_xor:
             t ^= u;
             break;
           default:
@@ -260,7 +263,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
         switch (t_oper)
         {
-          case Operators::bitwise_complement:
+          case Operators::Opers::bitwise_complement:
             return const_var(~t);
           default:
             throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
@@ -272,18 +275,18 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
         switch (t_oper)
         {
-          case Operators::shift_left:
+          case Operators::Opers::shift_left:
             return const_var(t << u);
-          case Operators::shift_right:
+          case Operators::Opers::shift_right:
             return const_var(t >> u);
-          case Operators::remainder:
+          case Operators::Opers::remainder:
             check_divide_by_zero(u);
             return const_var(t % u);
-          case Operators::bitwise_and:
+          case Operators::Opers::bitwise_and:
             return const_var(t & u);
-          case Operators::bitwise_or:
+          case Operators::Opers::bitwise_or:
             return const_var(t | u);
-          case Operators::bitwise_xor:
+          case Operators::Opers::bitwise_xor:
             return const_var(t ^ u);
           default:
             throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
@@ -295,9 +298,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
         switch (t_oper)
         {
-          case Operators::unary_minus:
+          case Operators::Opers::unary_minus:
             return const_var(-t);
-          case Operators::unary_plus:
+          case Operators::Opers::unary_plus:
             return const_var(+t);
           default:
             throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
@@ -309,14 +312,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
         switch (t_oper)
         {
-          case Operators::sum:
+          case Operators::Opers::sum:
             return const_var(t + u);
-          case Operators::quotient:
+          case Operators::Opers::quotient:
             check_divide_by_zero(u);
             return const_var(t / u);
-          case Operators::product:
+          case Operators::Opers::product:
             return const_var(t * u);
-          case Operators::difference:
+          case Operators::Opers::difference:
             return const_var(t - u);
           default:
             throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
@@ -328,16 +331,16 @@ namespace chaiscript
           -> typename std::enable_if<!std::is_floating_point<LHS>::value && !std::is_floating_point<RHS>::value, Boxed_Value>::type
       {
         typedef typename std::common_type<LHS, RHS>::type common_type;
-        if (t_oper > Operators::boolean_flag && t_oper < Operators::non_const_flag)
+        if (t_oper > Operators::Opers::boolean_flag && t_oper < Operators::Opers::non_const_flag)
         {
           return boolean_go(t_oper, get_as_aux<common_type, LHS>(t_lhs), get_as_aux<common_type, RHS>(t_rhs));
-        } else if (t_oper > Operators::non_const_flag && t_oper < Operators::non_const_int_flag && !t_lhs.is_const() && !t_lhs.is_return_value()) {
+        } else if (t_oper > Operators::Opers::non_const_flag && t_oper < Operators::Opers::non_const_int_flag && !t_lhs.is_const() && !t_lhs.is_return_value()) {
           return binary_go(t_oper, *static_cast<LHS *>(t_lhs.get_ptr()), get_as_aux<common_type, RHS>(t_rhs), t_lhs);
-        } else if (t_oper > Operators::non_const_int_flag && t_oper < Operators::const_int_flag && !t_lhs.is_const() && !t_lhs.is_return_value()) {
+        } else if (t_oper > Operators::Opers::non_const_int_flag && t_oper < Operators::Opers::const_int_flag && !t_lhs.is_const() && !t_lhs.is_return_value()) {
           return binary_int_go(t_oper, *static_cast<LHS *>(t_lhs.get_ptr()), get_as_aux<common_type, RHS>(t_rhs), t_lhs);
-        } else if (t_oper > Operators::const_int_flag && t_oper < Operators::const_flag) {
+        } else if (t_oper > Operators::Opers::const_int_flag && t_oper < Operators::Opers::const_flag) {
           return const_binary_int_go(t_oper, get_as_aux<common_type, LHS>(t_lhs), get_as_aux<common_type, RHS>(t_rhs));
-        } else if (t_oper > Operators::const_flag) {
+        } else if (t_oper > Operators::Opers::const_flag) {
           return const_binary_go(t_oper, get_as_aux<common_type, LHS>(t_lhs), get_as_aux<common_type, RHS>(t_rhs));
         } else {
           throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
@@ -349,12 +352,12 @@ namespace chaiscript
           -> typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<LHS>::value || std::is_floating_point<RHS>::value, Boxed_Value>::type
       {
         typedef typename std::common_type<LHS, RHS>::type common_type;
-        if (t_oper > Operators::boolean_flag && t_oper < Operators::non_const_flag)
+        if (t_oper > Operators::Opers::boolean_flag && t_oper < Operators::Opers::non_const_flag)
         {
           return boolean_go(t_oper, get_as_aux<common_type, LHS>(t_lhs), get_as_aux<common_type, RHS>(t_rhs));
-        } else if (t_oper > Operators::non_const_flag && t_oper < Operators::non_const_int_flag && !t_lhs.is_const() && !t_lhs.is_return_value()) {
+        } else if (t_oper > Operators::Opers::non_const_flag && t_oper < Operators::Opers::non_const_int_flag && !t_lhs.is_const() && !t_lhs.is_return_value()) {
           return binary_go(t_oper, *static_cast<LHS *>(t_lhs.get_ptr()), get_as_aux<common_type, RHS>(t_rhs), t_lhs);
-        } else if (t_oper > Operators::const_flag) {
+        } else if (t_oper > Operators::Opers::const_flag) {
           return const_binary_go(t_oper, get_as_aux<common_type, LHS>(t_lhs), get_as_aux<common_type, RHS>(t_rhs));
         } else {
           throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
@@ -366,11 +369,11 @@ namespace chaiscript
       static auto go(Operators::Opers t_oper, const Boxed_Value &t_lhs)
           -> typename std::enable_if<!std::is_floating_point<LHS>::value, Boxed_Value>::type
       {
-        if (t_oper > Operators::non_const_flag && t_oper < Operators::non_const_int_flag && !t_lhs.is_const() && !t_lhs.is_return_value()) {
+        if (t_oper > Operators::Opers::non_const_flag && t_oper < Operators::Opers::non_const_int_flag && !t_lhs.is_const() && !t_lhs.is_return_value()) {
           return unary_go(t_oper, *static_cast<LHS *>(t_lhs.get_ptr()), t_lhs);
-        } else if (t_oper > Operators::const_int_flag && t_oper < Operators::const_flag) {
+        } else if (t_oper > Operators::Opers::const_int_flag && t_oper < Operators::Opers::const_flag) {
           return const_unary_int_go(t_oper, *static_cast<const LHS *>(t_lhs.get_const_ptr()));
-        } else if (t_oper > Operators::const_flag) {
+        } else if (t_oper > Operators::Opers::const_flag) {
           return const_unary_go(t_oper, *static_cast<const LHS *>(t_lhs.get_const_ptr()));
         } else {
           throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
@@ -381,9 +384,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
       static auto go(Operators::Opers t_oper, const Boxed_Value &t_lhs) 
           -> typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<LHS>::value, Boxed_Value>::type
       {
-        if (t_oper > Operators::non_const_flag && t_oper < Operators::non_const_int_flag && !t_lhs.is_const() && !t_lhs.is_return_value()) {
+        if (t_oper > Operators::Opers::non_const_flag && t_oper < Operators::Opers::non_const_int_flag && !t_lhs.is_const() && !t_lhs.is_return_value()) {
           return unary_go(t_oper, *static_cast<LHS *>(t_lhs.get_ptr()), t_lhs);
-        } else if (t_oper > Operators::const_flag) {
+        } else if (t_oper > Operators::Opers::const_flag) {
           return const_unary_go(t_oper, *static_cast<const LHS *>(t_lhs.get_const_ptr()));
         } else {
           throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
@@ -502,18 +505,15 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
       }
 
-      Boxed_Number(Boxed_Value v)
+      explicit Boxed_Number(Boxed_Value v)
         : bv(std::move(v))
       {
         validate_boxed_number(bv);
       }
 
       Boxed_Number(const Boxed_Number &) = default;
-
-#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER  != 1800
       Boxed_Number(Boxed_Number &&) = default;
       Boxed_Number& operator=(Boxed_Number &&) = default;
-#endif
 
       template<typename T> explicit Boxed_Number(T t)
         : bv(Boxed_Value(t))
@@ -588,6 +588,67 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
       }
 
+      template<typename Source, typename Target> 
+      static void check_type()
+      {
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+// MSVC complains about this being redundant / tautologica l
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4127 6287)
+#endif
+        if (sizeof(Source) != sizeof(Target)
+            || std::is_signed<Source>() != std::is_signed<Target>()
+            || std::is_floating_point<Source>() != std::is_floating_point<Target>())
+        {
+          throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
+        }
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+      }
+
+      template<typename Target> Target get_as_checked() const
+      {
+        switch (get_common_type(bv)) {
+          case Common_Types::t_int32:
+            check_type<int32_t, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, int32_t>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_uint8:
+            check_type<uint8_t, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, uint8_t>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_int8:
+            check_type<int8_t, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, int8_t>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_uint16:
+            check_type<uint16_t, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, uint16_t>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_int16:
+            check_type<int16_t, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, int16_t>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_uint32:
+            check_type<uint32_t, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, uint32_t>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_uint64:
+            check_type<uint64_t, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, uint64_t>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_int64:
+            check_type<int64_t, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, int64_t>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_double:
+            check_type<double, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, double>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_float:
+            check_type<float, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, float>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_long_double:
+            check_type<long double, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, long double>(bv);
+        }
+
+        throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
+      }
+
+
       template<typename Target> Target get_as() const
       {
         switch (get_common_type(bv)) {
@@ -648,71 +709,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
       }
 
-      bool operator==(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) const
-      {
-        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::equals, this->bv, t_rhs.bv));
-      }
-
-      bool operator<(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) const
-      {
-        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::less_than, this->bv, t_rhs.bv));
-      }
-
-      bool operator>(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) const
-      {
-        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::greater_than, this->bv, t_rhs.bv));
-      }
-
-      bool operator>=(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) const
-      {
-        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::greater_than_equal, this->bv, t_rhs.bv));
-      }
-
-      bool operator<=(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) const
-      {
-        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::less_than_equal, this->bv, t_rhs.bv));
-      }
-
-      bool operator!=(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) const
-      {
-        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::not_equal, this->bv, t_rhs.bv));
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator--()
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::pre_decrement, this->bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator++() 
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::pre_increment, this->bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator+(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) const
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::sum, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator+() const
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::unary_plus, this->bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator-() const
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::unary_minus, this->bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator-(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) const
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::difference, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator&=(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_bitwise_and, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
       static void validate_boxed_number(const Boxed_Value &v)
       {
         const Type_Info &inp_ = v.get_type_info();
@@ -727,266 +723,165 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
       }
 
-      // cppcheck-suppress operatorEq
-      Boxed_Number operator=(const Boxed_Value &v)
-      {
-        validate_boxed_number(v);
-        bv = v;
-        return *this;
-      }
-
-      // cppcheck-suppress operatorEq
-      Boxed_Number operator=(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) const
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::assign, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator|=(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_bitwise_or, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator^=(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_bitwise_xor, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator%=(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_remainder, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator<<=(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_shift_left, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator>>=(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_shift_right, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator&(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) const
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::bitwise_and, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator~() const
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::bitwise_complement, this->bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator^(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) const
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::bitwise_xor, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator|(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) const
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::bitwise_or, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator*=(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) 
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_product, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-      Boxed_Number operator/=(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_quotient, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-      Boxed_Number operator+=(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_sum, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-      Boxed_Number operator-=(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_difference, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator/(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) const
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::quotient, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator<<(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) const
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::shift_left, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator*(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) const
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::product, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator%(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) const
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::remainder, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
-      Boxed_Number operator>>(const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) const
-      {
-        return oper(Operators::shift_right, this->bv, t_rhs.bv);
-      }
-
 
 
       static bool equals(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::equals, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
+        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::Opers::equals, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static bool less_than(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::less_than, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
+        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::Opers::less_than, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static bool greater_than(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) 
       {
-        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::greater_than, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
+        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::Opers::greater_than, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static bool greater_than_equal(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::greater_than_equal, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
+        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::Opers::greater_than_equal, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static bool less_than_equal(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::less_than_equal, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
+        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::Opers::less_than_equal, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static bool not_equal(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) 
       {
-        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::not_equal, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
+        return boxed_cast<bool>(oper(Operators::Opers::not_equal, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static Boxed_Number pre_decrement(Boxed_Number t_lhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::pre_decrement, t_lhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::pre_decrement, t_lhs.bv));
       }
 
       static Boxed_Number pre_increment(Boxed_Number t_lhs) 
       {
-        return oper(Operators::pre_increment, t_lhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::pre_increment, t_lhs.bv));
       }
 
       static const Boxed_Number sum(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) 
       {
-        return oper(Operators::sum, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::sum, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static const Boxed_Number unary_plus(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs) 
       {
-        return oper(Operators::unary_plus, t_lhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::unary_plus, t_lhs.bv));
       }
 
       static const Boxed_Number unary_minus(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::unary_minus, t_lhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::unary_minus, t_lhs.bv));
       }
 
       static const Boxed_Number difference(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) 
       {
-        return oper(Operators::difference, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::difference, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static Boxed_Number assign_bitwise_and(Boxed_Number t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_bitwise_and, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::assign_bitwise_and, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static Boxed_Number assign(Boxed_Number t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) 
       {
-        return oper(Operators::assign, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::assign, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static Boxed_Number assign_bitwise_or(Boxed_Number t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_bitwise_or, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::assign_bitwise_or, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static Boxed_Number assign_bitwise_xor(Boxed_Number t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_bitwise_xor, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::assign_bitwise_xor, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static Boxed_Number assign_remainder(Boxed_Number t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_remainder, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::assign_remainder, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static Boxed_Number assign_shift_left(Boxed_Number t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_shift_left, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::assign_shift_left, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static Boxed_Number assign_shift_right(Boxed_Number t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_shift_right, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::assign_shift_right, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static const Boxed_Number bitwise_and(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::bitwise_and, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::bitwise_and, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static const Boxed_Number bitwise_complement(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::bitwise_complement, t_lhs.bv, Boxed_Value(0));
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::bitwise_complement, t_lhs.bv, Boxed_Value(0)));
       }
 
       static const Boxed_Number bitwise_xor(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::bitwise_xor, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::bitwise_xor, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static const Boxed_Number bitwise_or(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::bitwise_or, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::bitwise_or, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static Boxed_Number assign_product(Boxed_Number t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) 
       {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_product, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::assign_product, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static Boxed_Number assign_quotient(Boxed_Number t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_quotient, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::assign_quotient, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static Boxed_Number assign_sum(Boxed_Number t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_sum, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::assign_sum, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
       static Boxed_Number assign_difference(Boxed_Number t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::assign_difference, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::assign_difference, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static const Boxed_Number quotient(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs) 
       {
-        return oper(Operators::quotient, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::quotient, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static const Boxed_Number shift_left(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::shift_left, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::shift_left, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static const Boxed_Number product(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::product, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::product, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static const Boxed_Number remainder(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::remainder, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::remainder, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
       static const Boxed_Number shift_right(const Boxed_Number &t_lhs, const Boxed_Number &t_rhs)
       {
-        return oper(Operators::shift_right, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv);
+        return Boxed_Number(oper(Operators::Opers::shift_right, t_lhs.bv, t_rhs.bv));
       }
 
 
@@ -1012,9 +907,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<>
       struct Cast_Helper<Boxed_Number>
       {
-        typedef Boxed_Number Result_Type;
-
-        static Result_Type cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        static Boxed_Number cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
         {
           return Boxed_Number(ob);
         }

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_value.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_BOXED_VALUE_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_BOXED_VALUE_HPP_
 
@@ -35,11 +39,11 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
         Data(const Type_Info &ti,
             chaiscript::detail::Any to,
-            bool tr,
+            bool is_ref,
             const void *t_void_ptr,
             bool t_return_value)
           : m_type_info(ti), m_obj(std::move(to)), m_data_ptr(ti.is_const()?nullptr:const_cast<void *>(t_void_ptr)), m_const_data_ptr(t_void_ptr),
-            m_is_ref(tr), m_return_value(t_return_value)
+            m_is_ref(is_ref), m_return_value(t_return_value)
         {
         }
 
@@ -54,7 +58,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
           if (rhs.m_attrs)
           {
-            m_attrs = std::unique_ptr<std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>>(new std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>(*rhs.m_attrs));
+            m_attrs = std::make_unique<std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>>(*rhs.m_attrs);
           }
 
           return *this;
@@ -62,10 +66,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         Data(const Data &) = delete;
 
-#if !defined(__APPLE__) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER != 1800)
         Data(Data &&) = default;
         Data &operator=(Data &&rhs) = default;
-#endif
 
 
         Type_Info m_type_info;
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
       struct Object_Data
       {
-        static std::shared_ptr<Data> get(Boxed_Value::Void_Type, bool t_return_value)
+        static auto get(Boxed_Value::Void_Type, bool t_return_value)
         {
           return std::make_shared<Data>(
                 detail::Get_Type_Info<void>::get(),
@@ -91,13 +93,13 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
 
         template<typename T>
-          static std::shared_ptr<Data> get(const std::shared_ptr<T> *obj, bool t_return_value)
+          static auto get(const std::shared_ptr<T> *obj, bool t_return_value)
           {
             return get(*obj, t_return_value);
           }
 
         template<typename T>
-          static std::shared_ptr<Data> get(const std::shared_ptr<T> &obj, bool t_return_value)
+          static auto get(const std::shared_ptr<T> &obj, bool t_return_value)
           {
             return std::make_shared<Data>(
                   detail::Get_Type_Info<T>::get(), 
@@ -109,7 +111,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           }
 
         template<typename T>
-          static std::shared_ptr<Data> get(std::shared_ptr<T> &&obj, bool t_return_value)
+          static auto get(std::shared_ptr<T> &&obj, bool t_return_value)
           {
             auto ptr = obj.get();
             return std::make_shared<Data>(
@@ -121,21 +123,23 @@ namespace chaiscript
                 );
           }
 
+
+
         template<typename T>
-          static std::shared_ptr<Data> get(T *t, bool t_return_value)
+          static auto get(T *t, bool t_return_value)
           {
             return get(std::ref(*t), t_return_value);
           }
 
         template<typename T>
-          static std::shared_ptr<Data> get(const T *t, bool t_return_value)
+          static auto get(const T *t, bool t_return_value)
           {
             return get(std::cref(*t), t_return_value);
           }
 
 
         template<typename T>
-          static std::shared_ptr<Data> get(std::reference_wrapper<T> obj, bool t_return_value)
+          static auto get(std::reference_wrapper<T> obj, bool t_return_value)
           {
             auto p = &obj.get();
             return std::make_shared<Data>(
@@ -148,7 +152,20 @@ namespace chaiscript
           }
 
         template<typename T>
-          static std::shared_ptr<Data> get(T t, bool t_return_value)
+          static auto get(std::unique_ptr<T> &&obj, bool t_return_value)
+          {
+            auto ptr = obj.get();
+            return std::make_shared<Data>(
+                  detail::Get_Type_Info<T>::get(), 
+                  chaiscript::detail::Any(std::make_shared<std::unique_ptr<T>>(std::move(obj))), 
+                  true,
+                  ptr,
+                  t_return_value
+                );
+          }
+
+        template<typename T>
+          static auto get(T t, bool t_return_value)
           {
             auto p = std::make_shared<T>(std::move(t));
             auto ptr = p.get();
@@ -184,16 +201,10 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
 
       /// Unknown-type constructor
-      Boxed_Value()
-        : m_data(Object_Data::get())
-      {
-      }
+      Boxed_Value() = default;
 
-#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER != 1800
       Boxed_Value(Boxed_Value&&) = default;
       Boxed_Value& operator=(Boxed_Value&&) = default;
-#endif
-
       Boxed_Value(const Boxed_Value&) = default;
       Boxed_Value& operator=(const Boxed_Value&) = default;
 
@@ -210,107 +221,99 @@ namespace chaiscript
         return *this;
       }
 
-      const Type_Info &get_type_info() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      const Type_Info &get_type_info() const noexcept
       {
         return m_data->m_type_info;
       }
 
       /// return true if the object is uninitialized
-      bool is_undef() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      bool is_undef() const noexcept
       {
         return m_data->m_type_info.is_undef();
       }
 
-      bool is_const() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      bool is_const() const noexcept
       {
         return m_data->m_type_info.is_const();
       }
 
-      bool is_type(const Type_Info &ti) const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      bool is_type(const Type_Info &ti) const noexcept
       {
         return m_data->m_type_info.bare_equal(ti);
       }
 
-      template<typename T>
-      struct Sentinel {
-        Sentinel(std::shared_ptr<T> &ptr, Data &data)
-          : m_ptr(ptr), m_data(data)
-        {
-        }
-
-        ~Sentinel()
-        {
-          // save new pointer data
-          m_data.get().m_data_ptr = m_ptr.get().get();
-          m_data.get().m_const_data_ptr = m_ptr.get().get();
-        }
-
-        Sentinel& operator=(Sentinel&&s) {
-          m_ptr = std::move(s.m_ptr);
-          m_data = std::move(s.m_data);
-        }
-
-        Sentinel(Sentinel &&s)
-          : m_ptr(std::move(s.m_ptr)),
-            m_data(std::move(s.m_data))
-        {
-        }
-
-        operator std::shared_ptr<T>&() const
-        {
-          return m_ptr.get();
-        }
-
-        Sentinel &operator=(const Sentinel &) = delete;
-        Sentinel(Sentinel&) = delete;
-
-        std::reference_wrapper<std::shared_ptr<T>> m_ptr;
-        std::reference_wrapper<Data> m_data;
-      };
-
 
       template<typename T>
-      Sentinel<T> pointer_sentinel(std::shared_ptr<T> &ptr) const
+      auto pointer_sentinel(std::shared_ptr<T> &ptr) const
       {
-        return Sentinel<T>(ptr, *(m_data.get()));
+        struct Sentinel {
+          Sentinel(std::shared_ptr<T> &t_ptr, Data &data)
+            : m_ptr(t_ptr), m_data(data)
+          {
+          }
+
+          ~Sentinel()
+          {
+            // save new pointer data
+            const auto ptr_ = m_ptr.get().get();
+            m_data.get().m_data_ptr = ptr_;
+            m_data.get().m_const_data_ptr = ptr_;
+          }
+
+          Sentinel& operator=(Sentinel&&s) = default;
+          Sentinel(Sentinel &&s) = default;
+
+          operator std::shared_ptr<T>&() const
+          {
+            return m_ptr.get();
+          }
+
+          Sentinel &operator=(const Sentinel &) = delete;
+          Sentinel(Sentinel&) = delete;
+
+          std::reference_wrapper<std::shared_ptr<T>> m_ptr;
+          std::reference_wrapper<Data> m_data;
+        };
+
+        return Sentinel(ptr, *(m_data.get()));
       }
 
-      bool is_null() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      bool is_null() const noexcept
       {
         return (m_data->m_data_ptr == nullptr && m_data->m_const_data_ptr == nullptr);
       }
 
-      const chaiscript::detail::Any & get() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      const chaiscript::detail::Any & get() const noexcept
       {
         return m_data->m_obj;
       }
 
-      bool is_ref() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      bool is_ref() const noexcept
       {
         return m_data->m_is_ref;
       }
 
-      bool is_return_value() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      bool is_return_value() const noexcept
       {
         return m_data->m_return_value;
       }
 
-      void reset_return_value() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      void reset_return_value() const noexcept
       {
         m_data->m_return_value = false;
       }
 
-      bool is_pointer() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      bool is_pointer() const noexcept
       {
         return !is_ref();
       }
 
-      void *get_ptr() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      void *get_ptr() const noexcept
       {
         return m_data->m_data_ptr;
       }
 
-      const void *get_const_ptr() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      const void *get_const_ptr() const noexcept
       {
         return m_data->m_const_data_ptr;
       }
@@ -319,7 +322,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
         if (!m_data->m_attrs)
         {
-          m_data->m_attrs = std::unique_ptr<std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>>(new std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>());
+          m_data->m_attrs = std::make_unique<std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>>();
         }
 
         auto &attr = (*m_data->m_attrs)[t_name];
@@ -336,7 +339,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
         if (t_obj.m_data->m_attrs)
         {
-          m_data->m_attrs = std::unique_ptr<std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>>(new std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>(*t_obj.m_data->m_attrs));
+          m_data->m_attrs = std::make_unique<std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>>(*t_obj.m_data->m_attrs);
         }
         return *this;
       }
@@ -350,7 +353,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
 
       /// \returns true if the two Boxed_Values share the same internal type
-      static bool type_match(const Boxed_Value &l, const Boxed_Value &r) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      static bool type_match(const Boxed_Value &l, const Boxed_Value &r) noexcept
       {
         return l.get_type_info() == r.get_type_info();
       }
@@ -359,11 +362,11 @@ namespace chaiscript
       // necessary to avoid hitting the templated && constructor of Boxed_Value
       struct Internal_Construction{};
 
-      Boxed_Value(const std::shared_ptr<Data> &t_data, Internal_Construction)
-        : m_data(t_data) {
+      Boxed_Value(std::shared_ptr<Data> t_data, Internal_Construction)
+        : m_data(std::move(t_data)) {
       }
 
-      std::shared_ptr<Data> m_data;
+      std::shared_ptr<Data> m_data = Object_Data::get();
   };
 
   /// @brief Creates a Boxed_Value. If the object passed in is a value type, it is copied. If it is a pointer, std::shared_ptr, or std::reference_type
@@ -460,10 +463,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
       return detail::const_var_impl(t);
     }
 
-#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_HAS_MAGIC_STATICS
+  inline Boxed_Value void_var() {
+    static const auto v = Boxed_Value(Boxed_Value::Void_Type());
+    return v;
+  }
+
   inline Boxed_Value const_var(bool b) {
-    static auto t = detail::const_var_impl(true);
-    static auto f = detail::const_var_impl(false);
+    static const auto t = detail::const_var_impl(true);
+    static const auto f = detail::const_var_impl(false);
 
     if (b) {
       return t;
@@ -471,7 +478,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
       return f;
     }
   }
-#endif
 
 }
 

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/callable_traits.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_CALLABLE_TRAITS_HPP_
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       template<typename Ret, typename Class, typename ... Param>
       struct Const_Caller
       {
-        Const_Caller(Ret (Class::*t_func)(Param...) const) : m_func(t_func) {}
+        explicit Const_Caller(Ret (Class::*t_func)(Param...) const) : m_func(t_func) {}
 
         template<typename ... Inner>
         Ret operator()(const Class &o, Inner&& ... inner) const {
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       template<typename Ret, typename ... Param>
       struct Fun_Caller
       {
-        Fun_Caller(Ret( * t_func)(Param...) ) : m_func(t_func) {}
+        explicit Fun_Caller(Ret( * t_func)(Param...) ) : m_func(t_func) {}
 
         template<typename ... Inner>
         Ret operator()(Inner&& ... inner) const {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       template<typename Ret, typename Class, typename ... Param>
       struct Caller
       {
-        Caller(Ret (Class::*t_func)(Param...)) : m_func(t_func) {}
+        explicit Caller(Ret (Class::*t_func)(Param...)) : m_func(t_func) {}
 
         template<typename ... Inner>
         Ret operator()(Class &o, Inner&& ... inner) const {

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/dispatchkit.hpp

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_DISPATCHKIT_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_DISPATCHKIT_HPP_
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <deque>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <list>
 #include <map>
@@ -31,12 +34,16 @@
 #include "proxy_constructors.hpp"
 #include "proxy_functions.hpp"
 #include "type_info.hpp"
+#include "short_alloc.hpp"
 
 namespace chaiscript {
 class Boxed_Number;
 }  // namespace chaiscript
 
 namespace chaiscript {
+  namespace parser {
+    class ChaiScript_Parser_Base;
+  }
 namespace dispatch {
 class Dynamic_Proxy_Function;
 class Proxy_Function_Base;
@@ -45,6 +52,7 @@ struct Placeholder_Object;
 }  // namespace chaiscript
 
 
+
 /// \namespace chaiscript::dispatch
 /// \brief Classes and functions specific to the runtime dispatch side of ChaiScript. Some items may be of use to the end user.
 
@@ -56,14 +64,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
     class reserved_word_error : public std::runtime_error
     {
       public:
-        reserved_word_error(const std::string &t_word) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+        explicit reserved_word_error(const std::string &t_word) noexcept
           : std::runtime_error("Reserved word not allowed in object name: " + t_word), m_word(t_word)
         {
         }
 
         reserved_word_error(const reserved_word_error &) = default;
 
-        virtual ~reserved_word_error() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT {}
+        ~reserved_word_error() noexcept override = default;
 
         std::string word() const
         {
@@ -78,14 +86,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
     class illegal_name_error : public std::runtime_error
     {
       public:
-        illegal_name_error(const std::string &t_name) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+        explicit illegal_name_error(const std::string &t_name) noexcept
           : std::runtime_error("Reserved name not allowed in object name: " + t_name), m_name(t_name)
         {
         }
 
         illegal_name_error(const illegal_name_error &) = default;
 
-        virtual ~illegal_name_error() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT {}
+        ~illegal_name_error() noexcept override = default;
 
         std::string name() const
         {
@@ -101,14 +109,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
     class name_conflict_error : public std::runtime_error
     {
       public:
-        name_conflict_error(const std::string &t_name) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+        explicit name_conflict_error(const std::string &t_name) noexcept
           : std::runtime_error("Name already exists in current context " + t_name), m_name(t_name)
         {
         }
 
         name_conflict_error(const name_conflict_error &) = default;
 
-        virtual ~name_conflict_error() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT {}
+        ~name_conflict_error() noexcept override = default;
 
         std::string name() const
         {
@@ -125,13 +133,13 @@ namespace chaiscript
     class global_non_const : public std::runtime_error
     {
       public:
-        global_non_const() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+        global_non_const() noexcept
           : std::runtime_error("a global object must be const")
         {
         }
 
         global_non_const(const global_non_const &) = default;
-        virtual ~global_non_const() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT {}
+        ~global_non_const() noexcept override = default;
     };
   }
 
@@ -143,7 +151,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     public:
       Module &add(Type_Info ti, std::string name)
       {
-        m_typeinfos.emplace_back(std::move(ti), std::move(name));
+        m_typeinfos.emplace_back(ti, std::move(name));
         return *this;
       }
 
@@ -178,12 +186,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         return *this;
       }
 
-      Module &add(const std::shared_ptr<Module> &m)
-      {
-        m->apply(*this, *this);
-        return *m;
-      }
-
       template<typename Eval, typename Engine>
         void apply(Eval &t_eval, Engine &t_engine) const
         {
@@ -194,30 +196,28 @@ namespace chaiscript
           apply_globals(m_globals.begin(), m_globals.end(), t_engine);
         }
 
-      ~Module()
-      {
-      }
-
       bool has_function(const Proxy_Function &new_f, const std::string &name)
       {
-        return std::any_of(m_funcs.begin(), m_funcs.end(), [&](const std::pair<Proxy_Function, std::string> &existing_f) {
-          return existing_f.second == name && *(existing_f.first) == *(new_f);
-          });
+        return std::any_of(m_funcs.begin(), m_funcs.end(), 
+            [&](const std::pair<Proxy_Function, std::string> &existing_f) {
+              return existing_f.second == name && *(existing_f.first) == *(new_f);
+            }
+          );
       }
       
 
     private:
-      std::vector<std::pair<Type_Info, std::string> > m_typeinfos;
-      std::vector<std::pair<Proxy_Function, std::string> > m_funcs;
-      std::vector<std::pair<Boxed_Value, std::string> > m_globals;
+      std::vector<std::pair<Type_Info, std::string>> m_typeinfos;
+      std::vector<std::pair<Proxy_Function, std::string>> m_funcs;
+      std::vector<std::pair<Boxed_Value, std::string>> m_globals;
       std::vector<std::string> m_evals;
       std::vector<Type_Conversion> m_conversions;
 
       template<typename T, typename InItr>
         static void apply(InItr begin, const InItr end, T &t) 
         {
-          for_each(begin, end, [&t](typename std::iterator_traits<InItr>::reference obj)
-              {
+          for_each(begin, end, 
+              [&t](const auto &obj) {
                 try {
                   t.add(obj.first, obj.second);
                 } catch (const chaiscript::exception::name_conflict_error &) {
@@ -267,16 +267,16 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// A Proxy_Function implementation that is able to take
     /// a vector of Proxy_Functions and perform a dispatch on them. It is 
     /// used specifically in the case of dealing with Function object variables
-    class Dispatch_Function : public dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base
+    class Dispatch_Function final : public dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base
     {
       public:
-        Dispatch_Function(std::vector<Proxy_Function> t_funcs)
+        explicit Dispatch_Function(std::vector<Proxy_Function> t_funcs)
           : Proxy_Function_Base(build_type_infos(t_funcs), calculate_arity(t_funcs)),
             m_funcs(std::move(t_funcs))
         {
         }
 
-        virtual bool operator==(const dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base &rhs) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        bool operator==(const dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base &rhs) const override
         {
           try {
             const auto &dispatch_fun = dynamic_cast<const Dispatch_Function &>(rhs);
@@ -286,9 +286,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           }
         }
 
-        virtual ~Dispatch_Function() {}
-
-        virtual std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function> get_contained_functions() const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function> get_contained_functions() const override
         {
           return std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function>(m_funcs.begin(), m_funcs.end());
         }
@@ -314,19 +312,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return arity;
         }
 
-        virtual bool call_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        bool call_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
         {
-          return std::any_of(m_funcs.cbegin(), m_funcs.cend(),
+          return std::any_of(std::begin(m_funcs), std::end(m_funcs),
                              [&vals, &t_conversions](const Proxy_Function &f){ return f->call_match(vals, t_conversions); });
         }
 
-        virtual std::string annotation() const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
-        {
-          return "Multiple method dispatch function wrapper.";
-        }
-
       protected:
-        virtual Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
         {
           return dispatch::dispatch(m_funcs, params, t_conversions);
         }
@@ -367,7 +360,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
               ++begin;
             }
 
-            assert(type_infos.size() > 0 && " type_info vector size is < 0, this is only possible if something else is broken");
+            assert(!type_infos.empty() && " type_info vector size is < 0, this is only possible if something else is broken");
 
             if (size_mismatch)
             {
@@ -387,22 +380,56 @@ namespace chaiscript
   {
     struct Stack_Holder
     {
-      typedef std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Boxed_Value>> Scope;
-      typedef std::vector<Scope> StackData;
+      //template <class T, std::size_t BufSize = sizeof(T)*20000>
+      //  using SmallVector = std::vector<T, short_alloc<T, BufSize>>;
+
+      template <class T>
+        using SmallVector = std::vector<T>;
+      
+
+      typedef SmallVector<std::pair<std::string, Boxed_Value>> Scope;
+      typedef SmallVector<Scope> StackData;
+      typedef SmallVector<StackData> Stacks;
+      typedef SmallVector<Boxed_Value> Call_Param_List;
+      typedef SmallVector<Call_Param_List> Call_Params;
 
       Stack_Holder()
-        : call_depth(0)
       {
-        stacks.reserve(2);
-        stacks.emplace_back(1);
-        call_params.emplace_back();
-        call_params.back().reserve(2);
+        push_stack();
+        push_call_params();
       }
 
-      std::vector<StackData> stacks;
+      void push_stack_data()
+      {
+        stacks.back().emplace_back();
+//        stacks.back().emplace_back(Scope(scope_allocator));
+      }
 
-      std::vector<std::vector<Boxed_Value>> call_params;
-      int call_depth;
+      void push_stack()
+      {
+        stacks.emplace_back(1);
+//        stacks.emplace_back(StackData(1, Scope(scope_allocator), stack_data_allocator));
+      }
+
+      void push_call_params()
+      {
+        call_params.emplace_back();
+//        call_params.emplace_back(Call_Param_List(call_param_list_allocator));
+      }
+
+      //Scope::allocator_type::arena_type scope_allocator;
+      //StackData::allocator_type::arena_type stack_data_allocator;
+      //Stacks::allocator_type::arena_type stacks_allocator;
+      //Call_Param_List::allocator_type::arena_type call_param_list_allocator;
+      //Call_Params::allocator_type::arena_type call_params_allocator;
+
+//      Stacks stacks = Stacks(stacks_allocator);
+//      Call_Params call_params = Call_Params(call_params_allocator);
+
+      Stacks stacks;
+      Call_Params call_params;
+
+      int call_depth = 0;
     };
 
     /// Main class for the dispatchkit. Handles management
@@ -413,7 +440,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       public:
         typedef std::map<std::string, chaiscript::Type_Info> Type_Name_Map;
         typedef std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Boxed_Value>> Scope;
-        typedef std::vector<Scope> StackData;
+        typedef Stack_Holder::StackData StackData;
 
         struct State
         {
@@ -422,28 +449,20 @@ namespace chaiscript
           std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Boxed_Value>> m_boxed_functions;
           std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value> m_global_objects;
           Type_Name_Map m_types;
-          std::set<std::string> m_reserved_words;
-
-          State &operator=(const State &) = default;
-          State() = default;
-          State(const State &) = default;
         };
 
-        Dispatch_Engine()
-          : m_stack_holder(this)
-        {
-        }
-
-        ~Dispatch_Engine()
+        explicit Dispatch_Engine(chaiscript::parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base &parser)
+          : m_stack_holder(this),
+            m_parser(parser)
         {
         }
 
         /// \brief casts an object while applying any Dynamic_Conversion available
         template<typename Type>
-          typename detail::Cast_Helper<Type>::Result_Type boxed_cast(const Boxed_Value &bv) const
+          decltype(auto) boxed_cast(const Boxed_Value &bv) const
           {
             Type_Conversions_State state(m_conversions, m_conversions.conversion_saves());
-            return chaiscript::boxed_cast<Type>(bv, &state);
+            return(chaiscript::boxed_cast<Type>(bv, &state));
           }
 
         /// Add a new conversion for upcasting to a base class
@@ -455,7 +474,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         /// Add a new named Proxy_Function to the system
         void add(const Proxy_Function &f, const std::string &name)
         {
-          validate_object_name(name);
           add_function(f, name);
         }
 
@@ -463,7 +481,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         /// is not available in the current scope it is created
         void add(Boxed_Value obj, const std::string &name)
         {
-          validate_object_name(name);
           auto &stack = get_stack_data();
 
           for (auto stack_elem = stack.rbegin(); stack_elem != stack.rend(); ++stack_elem)
@@ -483,6 +500,26 @@ namespace chaiscript
           add_object(name, std::move(obj));
         }
 
+        /// Adds a named object to the current scope
+        /// \warning This version does not check the validity of the name
+        /// it is meant for internal use only
+        Boxed_Value &add_get_object(const std::string &t_name, Boxed_Value obj, Stack_Holder &t_holder)
+        {
+          auto &stack_elem = get_stack_data(t_holder).back();
+
+          if (std::any_of(stack_elem.begin(), stack_elem.end(),
+              [&](const std::pair<std::string, Boxed_Value> &o) {
+                return o.first == t_name;
+              }))
+          {
+            throw chaiscript::exception::name_conflict_error(t_name);
+          }
+
+          stack_elem.emplace_back(t_name, std::move(obj));
+          return stack_elem.back().second;
+        }
+
+
         /// Adds a named object to the current scope
         /// \warning This version does not check the validity of the name
         /// it is meant for internal use only
@@ -498,7 +535,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
             throw chaiscript::exception::name_conflict_error(t_name);
           }
 
-          get_stack_data(t_holder).back().emplace_back(t_name, std::move(obj));
+          stack_elem.emplace_back(t_name, std::move(obj));
         }
 
 
@@ -513,7 +550,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         /// Adds a new global shared object, between all the threads
         void add_global_const(const Boxed_Value &obj, const std::string &name)
         {
-          validate_object_name(name);
           if (!obj.is_const())
           {
             throw chaiscript::exception::global_non_const();
@@ -532,8 +568,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         /// Adds a new global (non-const) shared object, between all the threads
         Boxed_Value add_global_no_throw(const Boxed_Value &obj, const std::string &name)
         {
-          validate_object_name(name);
-
           chaiscript::detail::threading::unique_lock<chaiscript::detail::threading::shared_mutex> l(m_mutex);
 
           const auto itr = m_state.m_global_objects.find(name);
@@ -550,8 +584,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         /// Adds a new global (non-const) shared object, between all the threads
         void add_global(const Boxed_Value &obj, const std::string &name)
         {
-          validate_object_name(name);
-
           chaiscript::detail::threading::unique_lock<chaiscript::detail::threading::shared_mutex> l(m_mutex);
 
           if (m_state.m_global_objects.find(name) != m_state.m_global_objects.end())
@@ -565,8 +597,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         /// Updates an existing global shared object or adds a new global shared object if not found
         void set_global(const Boxed_Value &obj, const std::string &name)
         {
-          validate_object_name(name);
-
           chaiscript::detail::threading::unique_lock<chaiscript::detail::threading::shared_mutex> l(m_mutex);
 
           const auto itr = m_state.m_global_objects.find(name);
@@ -593,8 +623,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
         /// Adds a new scope to the stack
         static void new_scope(Stack_Holder &t_holder)
         {
-          get_stack_data(t_holder).emplace_back();
-          t_holder.call_params.emplace_back();
+          t_holder.push_stack_data();
+          t_holder.push_call_params();
         }
 
         /// Pops the current scope from the stack
@@ -602,12 +632,10 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
           t_holder.call_params.pop_back();
           StackData &stack = get_stack_data(t_holder);
-          if (stack.size() > 1)
-          {
-            stack.pop_back();
-          } else {
-            throw std::range_error("Unable to pop global stack");
-          }
+
+          assert(!stack.empty());
+
+          stack.pop_back();
         }
 
 
@@ -615,7 +643,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         static void new_stack(Stack_Holder &t_holder)
         {
           // add a new Stack with 1 element
-          t_holder.stacks.emplace_back(1);
+          t_holder.push_stack();
         }
 
         static void pop_stack(Stack_Holder &t_holder)
@@ -626,7 +654,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         /// Searches the current stack for an object of the given name
         /// includes a special overload for the _ place holder object to
         /// ensure that it is always in scope.
-        Boxed_Value get_object(const std::string &name, std::atomic_uint_fast32_t &t_loc) const
+        Boxed_Value get_object(const std::string &name, std::atomic_uint_fast32_t &t_loc, Stack_Holder &t_holder) const
         {
           enum class Loc : uint_fast32_t {
             located    = 0x80000000,
@@ -639,7 +667,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
           if (loc == 0)
           {
-            auto &stack = get_stack_data();
+            auto &stack = get_stack_data(t_holder);
 
             // Is it in the stack?
             for (auto stack_elem = stack.rbegin(); stack_elem != stack.rend(); ++stack_elem)
@@ -657,8 +685,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
             }
 
             t_loc = static_cast<uint_fast32_t>(Loc::located);
-          } else if (loc & static_cast<uint_fast32_t>(Loc::is_local)) {
-            auto &stack = get_stack_data();
+          } else if ((loc & static_cast<uint_fast32_t>(Loc::is_local)) != 0u) {
+            auto &stack = get_stack_data(t_holder);
 
             return stack[stack.size() - 1 - ((loc & static_cast<uint_fast32_t>(Loc::stack_mask)) >> 16)][loc & static_cast<uint_fast32_t>(Loc::loc_mask)].second;
           }
@@ -674,9 +702,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
           // no? is it a function object?
           auto obj = get_function_object_int(name, loc);
-          if (obj.first != loc) t_loc = uint_fast32_t(obj.first);
-          return obj.second;
+          if (obj.first != loc) { t_loc = uint_fast32_t(obj.first); }
 
+          return obj.second;
 
         }
 
@@ -739,7 +767,10 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
           uint_fast32_t method_missing_loc = m_method_missing_loc;
           auto method_missing_funs = get_function("method_missing", method_missing_loc);
-          if (method_missing_funs.first != method_missing_loc) m_method_missing_loc = uint_fast32_t(method_missing_funs.first);
+          if (method_missing_funs.first != method_missing_loc) { 
+            m_method_missing_loc = uint_fast32_t(method_missing_funs.first); 
+          }
+
           return std::move(method_missing_funs.second);
         }
 
@@ -827,7 +858,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
           auto &stack = get_stack_data();
           auto &scope = stack.front();
-          scope = std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Boxed_Value>>(t_locals.begin(), t_locals.end());
+          scope.assign(t_locals.begin(), t_locals.end());
         }
 
 
@@ -898,12 +929,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return rets;
         }
 
-        void add_reserved_word(const std::string &name)
-        {
-          chaiscript::detail::threading::unique_lock<chaiscript::detail::threading::shared_mutex> l(m_mutex);
-
-          m_state.m_reserved_words.insert(name);
-        }
 
         const Type_Conversions &conversions() const
         {
@@ -917,15 +942,12 @@ namespace chaiscript
             return false;
           }
 
-          for (const auto &fun : t_funs) {
-            if (fun->is_attribute_function()) {
-              if (fun->compare_first_type(t_params[0], t_conversions)) {
-                return true;
+          return std::any_of(std::begin(t_funs), std::end(t_funs),
+              [&](const auto &fun) {
+                return fun->is_attribute_function() && fun->compare_first_type(t_params[0], t_conversions);
               }
-            }
-          }
+            );
 
-          return false;
         }
 
 #ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
@@ -939,7 +961,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
           uint_fast32_t loc = t_loc;
           const auto funs = get_function(t_name, loc);
-          if (funs.first != loc) t_loc = uint_fast32_t(funs.first);
+          if (funs.first != loc) { t_loc = uint_fast32_t(funs.first); }
 
           const auto do_attribute_call = 
             [this](int l_num_params, const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &l_params, const std::vector<Proxy_Function> &l_funs, const Type_Conversions_State &l_conversions)->Boxed_Value
@@ -962,14 +984,21 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
                 This_Foist fi(*this, l_params.front());
 
-                auto func = boxed_cast<std::shared_ptr<const dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base>>(bv);
                 try {
-                  return (*func)({l_params.begin() + l_num_params, l_params.end()}, l_conversions);
+                  auto func = boxed_cast<const dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base *>(bv);
+                  try {
+                    return (*func)({l_params.begin() + l_num_params, l_params.end()}, l_conversions);
+                  } catch (const chaiscript::exception::bad_boxed_cast &) {
+                  } catch (const chaiscript::exception::arity_error &) {
+                  } catch (const chaiscript::exception::guard_error &) {
+                  }
+                  throw chaiscript::exception::dispatch_error({l_params.begin() + l_num_params, l_params.end()}, 
+                      std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function>{boxed_cast<Const_Proxy_Function>(bv)});
                 } catch (const chaiscript::exception::bad_boxed_cast &) {
-                } catch (const chaiscript::exception::arity_error &) {
-                } catch (const chaiscript::exception::guard_error &) {
+                  // unable to convert bv into a Proxy_Function_Base
+                  throw chaiscript::exception::dispatch_error({l_params.begin() + l_num_params, l_params.end()}, 
+                      std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function>(l_funs.begin(), l_funs.end()));
                 }
-                throw chaiscript::exception::dispatch_error({l_params.begin() + l_num_params, l_params.end()}, std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function>{func});
               } else {
                 return bv;
               }
@@ -1052,7 +1081,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
           uint_fast32_t loc = t_loc;
           const auto funs = get_function(t_name, loc);
-          if (funs.first != loc) t_loc = uint_fast32_t(funs.first);
+          if (funs.first != loc) { t_loc = uint_fast32_t(funs.first);
+}
           return dispatch::dispatch(*funs.second, params, t_conversions);
         }
 
@@ -1073,11 +1103,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         void dump_function(const std::pair<const std::string, Proxy_Function > &f) const
         {
           std::vector<Type_Info> params = f.second->get_param_types();
-          std::string annotation = f.second->annotation();
 
-          if (annotation.size() > 0) {
-            std::cout << annotation;
-          }
           dump_type(params.front());
           std::cout << " " << f.first << "(";
 
@@ -1109,7 +1135,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           const Const_Proxy_Function &f = this->boxed_cast<Const_Proxy_Function>(params[0]);
           const Type_Conversions_State convs(m_conversions, m_conversions.conversion_saves());
 
-          return Boxed_Value(f->call_match(std::vector<Boxed_Value>(params.begin() + 1, params.end()), convs));
+          return const_var(f->call_match(std::vector<Boxed_Value>(params.begin() + 1, params.end()), convs));
         }
 
         /// Dump all system info to stdout
@@ -1180,7 +1206,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         static void save_function_params(Stack_Holder &t_s, std::initializer_list<Boxed_Value> t_params)
         {
-          t_s.call_params.back().insert(t_s.call_params.back().begin(), std::move(t_params));
+          t_s.call_params.back().insert(t_s.call_params.back().begin(), t_params);
         }
 
         static void save_function_params(Stack_Holder &t_s, std::vector<Boxed_Value> &&t_params)
@@ -1198,7 +1224,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         void save_function_params(std::initializer_list<Boxed_Value> t_params)
         {
-          save_function_params(*m_stack_holder, std::move(t_params));
+          save_function_params(*m_stack_holder, t_params);
         }
 
         void save_function_params(std::vector<Boxed_Value> &&t_params)
@@ -1268,6 +1294,11 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return m_stack_holder->stacks.back();
         }
 
+        parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base &get_parser()
+        {
+          return m_parser.get();
+        }
+
       private:
 
         const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Boxed_Value>> &get_boxed_functions_int() const
@@ -1332,13 +1363,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
           const auto lhssize = lhsparamtypes.size();
           const auto rhssize = rhsparamtypes.size();
 
-#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_HAS_MAGIC_STATICS
-          static auto boxed_type = user_type<Boxed_Value>();
-          static auto boxed_pod_type = user_type<Boxed_Number>();
-#else
-          auto boxed_type = user_type<Boxed_Value>();
-          auto boxed_pod_type = user_type<Boxed_Number>();
-#endif
+          static const auto boxed_type = user_type<Boxed_Value>();
+          static const auto boxed_pod_type = user_type<Boxed_Number>();
 
           for (size_t i = 1; i < lhssize && i < rhssize; ++i)
           {
@@ -1369,10 +1395,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
             if (rt.bare_equal(boxed_type))
             {
-              if (lt.bare_equal(boxed_pod_type))
-              {
-                return true;
-              }
               return true;
             }
 
@@ -1394,20 +1416,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
 
 
-        /// Throw a reserved_word exception if the name is not allowed
-        void validate_object_name(const std::string &name) const
-        {
-          if (name.find("::") != std::string::npos) {
-            throw chaiscript::exception::illegal_name_error(name);
-          }
-
-          chaiscript::detail::threading::shared_lock<chaiscript::detail::threading::shared_mutex> l(m_mutex);
-
-          if (m_state.m_reserved_words.find(name) != m_state.m_reserved_words.end())
-          {
-            throw chaiscript::exception::reserved_word_error(name);
-          }
-        }
 
         template<typename Container, typename Key, typename Value>
           static void add_keyed_value(Container &t_c, const Key &t_key, Value &&t_value)
@@ -1445,7 +1453,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         static typename Container::const_iterator find_keyed_value(const Container &t_c, const Key &t_key, const size_t t_hint)
           {
             if (t_c.size() > t_hint && t_c[t_hint].first == t_key) {
-              return advance_copy(t_c.begin(), t_hint);
+              return std::next(t_c.begin(), static_cast<typename std::iterator_traits<typename Container::const_iterator>::difference_type>(t_hint));
             } else {
               return find_keyed_value(t_c, t_key);
             }
@@ -1502,8 +1510,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         Type_Conversions m_conversions;
         chaiscript::detail::threading::Thread_Storage<Stack_Holder> m_stack_holder;
+        std::reference_wrapper<parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base> m_parser;
 
-        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_method_missing_loc;
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_method_missing_loc = {0};
 
         State m_state;
     };
@@ -1511,7 +1520,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     class Dispatch_State
     {
       public:
-        Dispatch_State(Dispatch_Engine &t_engine)
+        explicit Dispatch_State(Dispatch_Engine &t_engine)
           : m_engine(t_engine),
             m_stack_holder(t_engine.get_stack_holder()),
             m_conversions(t_engine.conversions(), t_engine.conversions().conversion_saves())
@@ -1538,8 +1547,16 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return m_conversions.saves();
         }
 
+        Boxed_Value &add_get_object(const std::string &t_name, Boxed_Value obj) const {
+          return m_engine.get().add_get_object(t_name, std::move(obj), m_stack_holder.get());
+        }
+
         void add_object(const std::string &t_name, Boxed_Value obj) const {
-          m_engine.get().add_object(t_name, std::move(obj), m_stack_holder.get());
+          return m_engine.get().add_object(t_name, std::move(obj), m_stack_holder.get());
+        }
+
+        Boxed_Value get_object(const std::string &t_name, std::atomic_uint_fast32_t &t_loc) const {
+          return m_engine.get().get_object(t_name, t_loc, m_stack_holder.get());
         }
 
       private:
@@ -1552,3 +1569,4 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
 #endif
 
+

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/dynamic_object.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_DYNAMIC_OBJECT_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_DYNAMIC_OBJECT_HPP_
 
@@ -25,7 +29,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
   namespace dispatch
   {
     struct option_explicit_set : std::runtime_error {
-      option_explicit_set(const std::string &t_param_name)
+      explicit option_explicit_set(const std::string &t_param_name)
         : std::runtime_error("option explicit set and parameter '" + t_param_name + "' does not exist")
       {
 
@@ -33,20 +37,18 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
       option_explicit_set(const option_explicit_set &) = default;
 
-      virtual ~option_explicit_set() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT {}
+      ~option_explicit_set() noexcept override = default;
     };
 
     class Dynamic_Object
     {
       public:
-        Dynamic_Object(std::string t_type_name)
+        explicit Dynamic_Object(std::string t_type_name)
           : m_type_name(std::move(t_type_name)), m_option_explicit(false)
         {
         }
 
-        Dynamic_Object() : m_type_name(""), m_option_explicit(false)
-        {
-        }
+        Dynamic_Object() = default;
 
         bool is_explicit() const
         {
@@ -84,6 +86,10 @@ namespace chaiscript
           }
         }
 
+        bool has_attr(const std::string &t_attr_name) const {
+          return m_attrs.find(t_attr_name) != m_attrs.end();
+        }
+
         Boxed_Value &get_attr(const std::string &t_attr_name)
         {
           return m_attrs[t_attr_name];
@@ -107,15 +113,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return get_attr(t_method_name);
         }
 
-
         std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value> get_attrs() const
         {
           return m_attrs;
         }
 
       private:
-        std::string m_type_name;
-        bool m_option_explicit;
+        const std::string m_type_name = "";
+        bool m_option_explicit = false;
 
         std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value> m_attrs;
     };

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/dynamic_object_detail.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_DYNAMIC_OBJECT_DETAIL_HPP_
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       /// A Proxy_Function implementation designed for calling a function
       /// that is automatically guarded based on the first param based on the
       /// param's type name
-      class Dynamic_Object_Function : public Proxy_Function_Base
+      class Dynamic_Object_Function final : public Proxy_Function_Base
       {
         public:
           Dynamic_Object_Function(
@@ -67,12 +67,11 @@ namespace chaiscript
                 && "Programming error, Dynamic_Object_Function must have at least one parameter (this)");
           }
 
-          virtual ~Dynamic_Object_Function() {}
 
           Dynamic_Object_Function &operator=(const Dynamic_Object_Function) = delete;
           Dynamic_Object_Function(Dynamic_Object_Function &) = delete;
 
-          virtual bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &f) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+          bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &f) const override
           {
             if (const auto *df = dynamic_cast<const Dynamic_Object_Function *>(&f))
             {
@@ -82,9 +81,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
             }
           }
 
-          virtual bool is_attribute_function() const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE { return m_is_attribute; } 
+          bool is_attribute_function() const override { return m_is_attribute; } 
 
-          virtual bool call_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+          bool call_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
           {
             if (dynamic_object_typename_match(vals, m_type_name, m_ti, t_conversions))
             {
@@ -94,19 +93,13 @@ namespace chaiscript
             }
           }
 
-          virtual std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function> get_contained_functions() const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+          std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function> get_contained_functions() const override
           {
             return {m_func};
           }
 
-          virtual std::string annotation() const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
-          {
-            return m_func->annotation();
-          }
-
-
         protected:
-          virtual Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+          Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
           {
             if (dynamic_object_typename_match(params, m_type_name, m_ti, t_conversions))
             {
@@ -116,7 +109,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
             } 
           }
 
-          virtual bool compare_first_type(const Boxed_Value &bv, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+          bool compare_first_type(const Boxed_Value &bv, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
           {
             return dynamic_object_typename_match(bv, m_type_name, m_ti, t_conversions);
           }
@@ -158,7 +151,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           bool dynamic_object_typename_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &bvs, const std::string &name,
               const std::unique_ptr<Type_Info> &ti, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const
           {
-            if (bvs.size() > 0)
+            if (!bvs.empty())
             {
               return dynamic_object_typename_match(bvs[0], name, ti, t_conversions);
             } else {
@@ -170,9 +163,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           Proxy_Function m_func;
           std::unique_ptr<Type_Info> m_ti;
           const Type_Info m_doti;
-          bool m_is_attribute;
-
-
+          const bool m_is_attribute;
       };
 
 
@@ -182,7 +173,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
        * that is automatically guarded based on the first param based on the
        * param's type name
        */
-      class Dynamic_Object_Constructor : public Proxy_Function_Base
+      class Dynamic_Object_Constructor final : public Proxy_Function_Base
       {
         public:
           Dynamic_Object_Constructor(
@@ -208,29 +199,22 @@ namespace chaiscript
             return std::vector<Type_Info>(begin, end);
           }
 
-          virtual ~Dynamic_Object_Constructor() {}
-
-          virtual bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &f) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+          bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &f) const override
           {
             const Dynamic_Object_Constructor *dc = dynamic_cast<const Dynamic_Object_Constructor*>(&f);
-            return dc && dc->m_type_name == m_type_name && (*dc->m_func) == (*m_func);
+            return (dc != nullptr) && dc->m_type_name == m_type_name && (*dc->m_func) == (*m_func);
           }
 
-          virtual bool call_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+          bool call_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
           {
             std::vector<Boxed_Value> new_vals{Boxed_Value(Dynamic_Object(m_type_name))};
             new_vals.insert(new_vals.end(), vals.begin(), vals.end());
 
             return m_func->call_match(new_vals, t_conversions);
-          }    
-
-          virtual std::string annotation() const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
-          {
-            return m_func->annotation();
           }
 
         protected:
-          virtual Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+          Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
           {
             auto bv = Boxed_Value(Dynamic_Object(m_type_name), true);
             std::vector<Boxed_Value> new_params{bv};
@@ -242,8 +226,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
           }
 
         private:
-          std::string m_type_name;
-          Proxy_Function m_func;
+          const std::string m_type_name;
+          const Proxy_Function m_func;
 
       };
     }

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/exception_specification.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_EXCEPTION_SPECIFICATION_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_EXCEPTION_SPECIFICATION_HPP_
 
@@ -23,12 +27,11 @@ namespace chaiscript
 {
   namespace detail
   {
-    /// \todo make this a variadic template
     struct Exception_Handler_Base
     {
       virtual void handle(const Boxed_Value &bv, const Dispatch_Engine &t_engine) = 0;
 
-      virtual ~Exception_Handler_Base() {}
+      virtual ~Exception_Handler_Base() = default;
 
       protected:
         template<typename T>
@@ -38,65 +41,12 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
     };
 
-    template<typename T1>
-      struct Exception_Handler_Impl1 : Exception_Handler_Base
+    template<typename ... T>
+      struct Exception_Handler_Impl : Exception_Handler_Base
       {
-        virtual ~Exception_Handler_Impl1() {}
-
-        virtual void handle(const Boxed_Value &bv, const Dispatch_Engine &t_engine) CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        void handle(const Boxed_Value &bv, const Dispatch_Engine &t_engine) override
         {
-          throw_type<T1>(bv, t_engine);
-        }
-      };
-    template<typename T1, typename T2>
-      struct Exception_Handler_Impl2 : Exception_Handler_Base
-      {
-        virtual ~Exception_Handler_Impl2() {}
-
-        virtual void handle(const Boxed_Value &bv, const Dispatch_Engine &t_engine) CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
-        {
-          throw_type<T1>(bv, t_engine);
-          throw_type<T2>(bv, t_engine);
-        }
-      };
-
-    template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
-      struct Exception_Handler_Impl3 : Exception_Handler_Base
-      {
-        virtual ~Exception_Handler_Impl3() {}
-
-        virtual void handle(const Boxed_Value &bv, const Dispatch_Engine &t_engine) CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
-        {
-          throw_type<T1>(bv, t_engine);
-          throw_type<T2>(bv, t_engine);
-          throw_type<T3>(bv, t_engine);
-        }
-      };
-    template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
-      struct Exception_Handler_Impl4 : Exception_Handler_Base
-      {
-        virtual ~Exception_Handler_Impl4() {}
-
-        virtual void handle(const Boxed_Value &bv, const Dispatch_Engine &t_engine) CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
-        {
-          throw_type<T1>(bv, t_engine);
-          throw_type<T2>(bv, t_engine);
-          throw_type<T3>(bv, t_engine);
-          throw_type<T4>(bv, t_engine);
-        }
-      };
-    template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
-      struct Exception_Handler_Impl5 : Exception_Handler_Base
-      {
-        virtual ~Exception_Handler_Impl5() {}
-
-        virtual void handle(const Boxed_Value &bv, const Dispatch_Engine &t_engine) CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
-        {
-          throw_type<T1>(bv, t_engine);
-          throw_type<T2>(bv, t_engine);
-          throw_type<T3>(bv, t_engine);
-          throw_type<T4>(bv, t_engine);
-          throw_type<T5>(bv, t_engine);
+          (void)std::initializer_list<int>{(throw_type<T>(bv, t_engine), 0)...};
         }
       };
   }
@@ -155,42 +105,10 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
   /// \brief creates a chaiscript::Exception_Handler which handles one type of exception unboxing
   /// \sa \ref exceptions
-  template<typename T1>
+  template<typename ... T>
   Exception_Handler exception_specification()
   {
-    return Exception_Handler(new detail::Exception_Handler_Impl1<T1>());
-  }
-
-  /// \brief creates a chaiscript::Exception_Handler which handles two types of exception unboxing
-  /// \sa \ref exceptions
-  template<typename T1, typename T2>
-  Exception_Handler exception_specification()
-  {
-    return Exception_Handler(new detail::Exception_Handler_Impl2<T1, T2>());
-  }
-
-  /// \brief creates a chaiscript::Exception_Handler which handles three types of exception unboxing
-  /// \sa \ref exceptions
-  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
-  Exception_Handler exception_specification()
-  {
-    return Exception_Handler(new detail::Exception_Handler_Impl3<T1, T2, T3>());
-  }
-
-  /// \brief creates a chaiscript::Exception_Handler which handles four types of exception unboxing
-  /// \sa \ref exceptions
-  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
-  Exception_Handler exception_specification()
-  {
-    return Exception_Handler(new detail::Exception_Handler_Impl4<T1, T2, T3, T4>());
-  }
-
-  /// \brief creates a chaiscript::Exception_Handler which handles five types of exception unboxing
-  /// \sa \ref exceptions
-  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
-  Exception_Handler exception_specification()
-  {
-    return Exception_Handler(new detail::Exception_Handler_Impl5<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>());
+    return std::make_shared<detail::Exception_Handler_Impl<T...>>();
   }
 }
 

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/function_call.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_FUNCTION_CALL_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_FUNCTION_CALL_HPP_
 
@@ -35,8 +39,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// \returns A std::function object for dispatching
     /// \param[in] funcs the set of functions to dispatch on.
     template<typename FunctionType>
-      std::function<FunctionType>
-      functor(const std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function> &funcs, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
+      std::function<FunctionType> functor(const std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function> &funcs, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
       {
         const bool has_arity_match = std::any_of(funcs.begin(), funcs.end(),
             [](const Const_Proxy_Function &f) {
@@ -63,8 +66,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// \returns A std::function object for dispatching
     /// \param[in] func A function to execute.
     template<typename FunctionType>
-      std::function<FunctionType>
-      functor(Const_Proxy_Function func, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
+      std::function<FunctionType> functor(Const_Proxy_Function func, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
       {
         return functor<FunctionType>(std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function>({std::move(func)}), t_conversions);
       }
@@ -72,8 +74,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// Helper for automatically unboxing a Boxed_Value that contains a function object
     /// and creating a typesafe C++ function caller from it.
     template<typename FunctionType>
-      std::function<FunctionType>
-      functor(const Boxed_Value &bv, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
+      std::function<FunctionType> functor(const Boxed_Value &bv, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
       {
         return functor<FunctionType>(boxed_cast<Const_Proxy_Function >(bv, t_conversions), t_conversions);
       }
@@ -84,9 +85,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename Signature>
       struct Cast_Helper<const std::function<Signature> &>
       {
-        typedef std::function<Signature> Result_Type;
-
-        static Result_Type cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
+        static std::function<Signature> cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
         {
           if (ob.get_type_info().bare_equal(user_type<Const_Proxy_Function>()))
           {
@@ -101,9 +100,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename Signature>
       struct Cast_Helper<std::function<Signature> >
       {
-        typedef std::function<Signature> Result_Type;
-
-        static Result_Type cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
+        static std::function<Signature> cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
         {
           if (ob.get_type_info().bare_equal(user_type<Const_Proxy_Function>()))
           {
@@ -118,9 +115,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename Signature>
       struct Cast_Helper<const std::function<Signature> >
       {
-        typedef std::function<Signature> Result_Type;
-
-        static Result_Type cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
+        static std::function<Signature> cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
         {
           if (ob.get_type_info().bare_equal(user_type<Const_Proxy_Function>()))
           {

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/function_call_detail.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_FUNCTION_CALL_DETAIL_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_FUNCTION_CALL_DETAIL_HPP_
 
@@ -33,7 +37,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           static Ret call(const std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function> &t_funcs, 
               const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
           {
-            if (t_conversions) {
+            if (t_conversions != nullptr) {
               return boxed_cast<Ret>(dispatch::dispatch(t_funcs, params, *t_conversions), t_conversions);
             } else {
               Type_Conversions conv;
@@ -52,7 +56,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           static Ret call(const std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function> &t_funcs, 
               const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
           {
-            if (t_conversions) {
+            if (t_conversions != nullptr) {
               return Boxed_Number(dispatch::dispatch(t_funcs, params, *t_conversions)).get_as<Ret>();
             } else {
               Type_Conversions conv;
@@ -72,7 +76,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           static void call(const std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function> &t_funcs, 
               const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
           {
-            if (t_conversions) {
+            if (t_conversions != nullptr) {
               dispatch::dispatch(t_funcs, params, *t_conversions);
             } else {
               Type_Conversions conv;

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/handle_return.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_HANDLE_RETURN_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_HANDLE_RETURN_HPP_
 
@@ -27,9 +31,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
     namespace detail
     {
-      /**
-       * Used internally for handling a return value from a Proxy_Function call
-       */
+      /// Used internally for handling a return value from a Proxy_Function call
       template<typename Ret>
         struct Handle_Return
         {
@@ -59,13 +61,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
         };
 
       template<typename Ret>
-        struct Handle_Return<std::function<Ret>>
+        struct Handle_Return<std::function<Ret>> : Handle_Return<const std::function<Ret> &>
         {
-          static Boxed_Value handle(const std::function<Ret> &f) {
-            return Boxed_Value(
-                chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl<Ret, std::function<Ret>>>(f)
-              );
-          }
         };
 
       template<typename Ret>
@@ -79,23 +76,13 @@ namespace chaiscript
         };
 
       template<typename Ret>
-        struct Handle_Return<const std::shared_ptr<std::function<Ret>> &>
+        struct Handle_Return<const std::shared_ptr<std::function<Ret>> &> : Handle_Return<const std::shared_ptr<std::function<Ret>>>
         {
-          static Boxed_Value handle(const std::shared_ptr<std::function<Ret>> &f) {
-            return Boxed_Value(
-                chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Assignable_Proxy_Function_Impl<Ret>>(std::ref(*f),f)
-              );
-          }
         };
 
       template<typename Ret>
-        struct Handle_Return<std::shared_ptr<std::function<Ret>>>
+        struct Handle_Return<std::shared_ptr<std::function<Ret>>> : Handle_Return<const std::shared_ptr<std::function<Ret>>>
         {
-          static Boxed_Value handle(const std::shared_ptr<std::function<Ret>> &f) {
-            return Boxed_Value(
-                chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Assignable_Proxy_Function_Impl<Ret>>(std::ref(*f),f)
-              );
-          }
         };
 
       template<typename Ret>
@@ -161,23 +148,27 @@ namespace chaiscript
         };
 
       template<typename Ret>
-        struct Handle_Return<std::shared_ptr<Ret> >
+        struct Handle_Return<std::shared_ptr<Ret>> : Handle_Return<std::shared_ptr<Ret> &>
         {
-          static Boxed_Value handle(const std::shared_ptr<Ret> &r)
-          {
-            return Boxed_Value(r, true);
-          }
         };
 
       template<typename Ret>
-        struct Handle_Return<const std::shared_ptr<Ret> &>
+        struct Handle_Return<const std::shared_ptr<Ret> &> : Handle_Return<std::shared_ptr<Ret> &>
         {
-          static Boxed_Value handle(const std::shared_ptr<Ret> &r)
+        };
+
+
+      template<typename Ret>
+        struct Handle_Return<std::unique_ptr<Ret>> : Handle_Return<std::unique_ptr<Ret> &>
+        {
+          static Boxed_Value handle(std::unique_ptr<Ret> &&r)
           {
-            return Boxed_Value(r, true);
+            return Boxed_Value(std::move(r), true);
           }
         };
 
+
+
       template<typename Ret>
         struct Handle_Return<const Ret &>
         {
@@ -187,10 +178,15 @@ namespace chaiscript
           }
         };
 
+      template<typename Ret>
+        struct Handle_Return<const Ret>
+        {
+          static Boxed_Value handle(const Ret &r)
+          {
+            return Boxed_Value(std::cref(r));
+          }
+        };
 
-      /**
-       * Used internally for handling a return value from a Proxy_Function call
-       */
       template<typename Ret>
         struct Handle_Return<Ret &>
         {
@@ -198,16 +194,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
           {
             return Boxed_Value(std::ref(r));
           }
-
-          static Boxed_Value handle(const Ret &r)
-          {
-            return Boxed_Value(std::cref(r));
-          }
         };
 
-      /**
-       * Used internally for handling a return value from a Proxy_Function call
-       */
       template<>
         struct Handle_Return<Boxed_Value>
         {
@@ -217,40 +205,19 @@ namespace chaiscript
           }
         };
 
-      /**
-       * Used internally for handling a return value from a Proxy_Function call
-       */
       template<>
-        struct Handle_Return<const Boxed_Value>
+        struct Handle_Return<const Boxed_Value> : Handle_Return<Boxed_Value>
         {
-          static Boxed_Value handle(const Boxed_Value &r)
-          {
-            return r;
-          }
         };
 
-      /**
-       * Used internally for handling a return value from a Proxy_Function call
-       */
       template<>
-        struct Handle_Return<Boxed_Value &>
+        struct Handle_Return<Boxed_Value &> : Handle_Return<Boxed_Value>
         {
-          static Boxed_Value handle(const Boxed_Value &r)
-          {
-            return r;
-          }
         };
 
-      /**
-       * Used internally for handling a return value from a Proxy_Function call
-       */
       template<>
-        struct Handle_Return<const Boxed_Value &>
+        struct Handle_Return<const Boxed_Value &> : Handle_Return<Boxed_Value>
         {
-          static Boxed_Value handle(const Boxed_Value &r)
-          {
-            return r;
-          }
         };
 
       /**
@@ -265,16 +232,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
           }
         };
 
-      /**
-       * Used internally for handling a return value from a Proxy_Function call
-       */
       template<>
-        struct Handle_Return<const Boxed_Number>
+        struct Handle_Return<const Boxed_Number> : Handle_Return<Boxed_Number>
         {
-          static Boxed_Value handle(const Boxed_Number &r)
-          {
-            return r.bv;
-          }
         };
 
 
@@ -286,7 +246,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
           static Boxed_Value handle()
           {
-            return Boxed_Value(Boxed_Value::Void_Type());
+            return void_var();
           }
         };
     }

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/operators.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_OPERATORS_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_OPERATORS_HPP_
 
@@ -16,447 +20,202 @@ namespace chaiscript
   {
     namespace operators
     {
-      namespace detail
-      {
-        /// \todo make this return a decltype once we drop gcc 4.6
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto assign(L l, R r) -> L&
-          {
-            return (l = r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto assign_bitwise_and(L l, R r) -> decltype((l &= r))
-          {
-            return (l &= r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto assign_xor(L l, R r) -> decltype((l^=r))
-          {
-            return (l ^= r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto assign_bitwise_or(L l, R r) -> decltype((l |= r))
-          {
-            return (l |= r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto assign_difference(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l -= r))
-          {
-            return (l -= r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto assign_left_shift(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l <<= r))
-          {
-            return (l <<= r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto assign_product(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l *= r ))
-          {
-            return (l *= r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto assign_quotient(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l /= r ))
-          {
-            return (l /= r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto assign_remainder(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l %= r ))
-          {
-            return (l %= r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto assign_right_shift(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l >>= r))
-          {
-            return (l >>= r);
-          }
-
-        /// \todo make this return a decltype once we drop gcc 4.6
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto assign_sum(L l, R r) -> L&
-          {
-            return (l += r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L>
-          auto prefix_decrement(L l) -> decltype(( --l ))
-          {
-            return (--l);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L>
-          auto prefix_increment(L l) -> decltype(( ++l ))
-          {
-            return (++l);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto equal(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l == r ))
-          {
-            return (l == r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto greater_than(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l > r ))
-          {
-            return (l > r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto greater_than_equal(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l >= r ))
-          {
-            return (l >= r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto less_than(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l < r ))
-          {
-            return (l < r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto less_than_equal(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l <= r ))
-          {
-            return (l <= r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L>
-          auto logical_compliment(L l) -> decltype(( !l ))
-          {
-            return (!l);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto not_equal(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l != r ))
-          {
-            return (l != r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto addition(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l + r ))
-          {
-            return (l + r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L>
-          auto unary_plus(L l) -> decltype(( +l ))
-          {
-            return (+l);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto subtraction(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l - r ))
-          {
-            return (l - r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L>
-          auto unary_minus(L l) -> decltype(( -l ))
-          {
-#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4146)
-            return (-l);
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#else
-            return (-l);
-#endif
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto bitwise_and(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l & r ))
-          {
-            return (l & r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L>
-          auto bitwise_compliment(L l) -> decltype(( ~l ))
-          {
-            return (~l);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto bitwise_xor(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l ^ r ))
-          {
-            return (l ^ r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto bitwise_or(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l | r ))
-          {
-            return (l | r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto division(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l / r ))
-          {
-            return (l / r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto left_shift(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l << r ))
-          {
-            return l << r;
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto multiplication(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l * r ))
-          {
-            return l * r;
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto remainder(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l % r ))
-          {
-            return (l % r);
-          }
-
-        template<typename L, typename R>
-          auto right_shift(L l, R r) -> decltype(( l >> r ))
-          {
-            return (l >> r);
-          }
-      }
-
-
-
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr assign(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void assign(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::assign<T &, const T&>), "=");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](T &lhs, const T&rhs)->T&{return lhs = rhs;}), "=");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr assign_bitwise_and(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void assign_bitwise_and(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::assign_bitwise_and<T &, const T&>), "&=");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](T &lhs, const T&rhs)->T&{return lhs &= rhs;}), "&=");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr assign_xor(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void assign_xor(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::assign_xor<T &, const T&>), "^=");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](T &lhs, const T&rhs)->T&{return lhs ^= rhs;}), "^=");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr assign_bitwise_or(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void assign_bitwise_or(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::assign_bitwise_or<T &, const T&>), "|=");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](T &lhs, const T&rhs)->T&{return lhs |= rhs;}), "|=");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr assign_difference(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void assign_difference(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::assign_difference<T &, const T&>), "-=");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](T &lhs, const T&rhs)->T&{return lhs -= rhs;}), "-=");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr assign_left_shift(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void assign_left_shift(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::assign_left_shift<T &, const T&>), "<<=");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](T &lhs, const T&rhs)->T&{return lhs <<= rhs;}), "<<=");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr assign_product(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void assign_product(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::assign_product<T &, const T&>), "*=");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](T &lhs, const T&rhs)->T&{return lhs <<= rhs;}), "*=");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr assign_quotient(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void assign_quotient(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::assign_quotient<T &, const T&>), "/=");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](T &lhs, const T&rhs)->T&{return lhs /= rhs;}), "/=");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr assign_remainder(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void assign_remainder(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::assign_remainder<T &, const T&>), "%=");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](T &lhs, const T&rhs)->T&{return lhs %= rhs;}), "%=");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr assign_right_shift(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void assign_right_shift(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::assign_right_shift<T &, const T&>), ">>=");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](T &lhs, const T&rhs)->T&{return lhs >>= rhs;}), ">>=");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr assign_sum(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void assign_sum(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::assign_sum<T &, const T&>), "+=");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](T &lhs, const T&rhs)->T&{return lhs += rhs;}), "+=");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr prefix_decrement(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void prefix_decrement(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::prefix_decrement<T &>), "--");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](T &lhs)->T&{return --lhs;}), "--");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr prefix_increment(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void prefix_increment(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::prefix_increment<T &>), "++");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](T &lhs)->T&{return ++lhs;}), "++");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr equal(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void equal(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::equal<const T&, const T&>), "==");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs, const T &rhs){return lhs==rhs;}), "==");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr greater_than(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void greater_than(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::greater_than<const T&, const T&>), ">");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs, const T &rhs){return lhs>rhs;}), ">");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr greater_than_equal(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void greater_than_equal(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::greater_than_equal<const T&, const T&>), ">=");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs, const T &rhs){return lhs>=rhs;}), ">=");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr less_than(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void less_than(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::less_than<const T&, const T&>), "<");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs, const T &rhs){return lhs<rhs;}), "<");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr less_than_equal(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void less_than_equal(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::less_than_equal<const T&, const T&>), "<=");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs, const T &rhs){return lhs<=rhs;}), "<=");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr logical_compliment(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void logical_compliment(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::logical_compliment<const T &>), "!");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs){return !lhs;}), "!");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr not_equal(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void not_equal(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::not_equal<const T &, const T &>), "!=");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs, const T &rhs){return lhs!=rhs;}), "!=");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr addition(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void addition(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::addition<const T &, const T &>), "+");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs, const T &rhs){return lhs+rhs;}), "+");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr unary_plus(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void unary_plus(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::unary_plus<const T &>), "+");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs){return +lhs;}), "+");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr subtraction(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void subtraction(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::subtraction<const T &, const T &>), "-");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs, const T &rhs){return lhs-rhs;}), "-");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr unary_minus(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void unary_minus(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::unary_minus<const T &>), "-");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs){return -lhs;}), "-");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr bitwise_and(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void bitwise_and(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::bitwise_and<const T &, const T &>), "&");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs, const T &rhs){return lhs&rhs;}), "&");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr bitwise_compliment(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void bitwise_compliment(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::bitwise_compliment<const T &>), "~");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs){return ~lhs;}), "~");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr bitwise_xor(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void bitwise_xor(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::bitwise_xor<const T &, const T &>), "^");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs, const T &rhs){return lhs^rhs;}), "^");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr bitwise_or(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void bitwise_or(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::bitwise_or<const T &, const T &>), "|");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs, const T &rhs){return lhs|rhs;}), "|");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr division(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void division(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::division<const T &, const T &>), "/");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs, const T &rhs){return lhs/rhs;}), "/");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr left_shift(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void left_shift(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::left_shift<const T &, const T &>), "<<");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs, const T &rhs){return lhs<<rhs;}), "<<");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr multiplication(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void multiplication(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::multiplication<const T &, const T &>), "*");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs, const T &rhs){return lhs*rhs;}), "*");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr remainder(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void remainder(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::remainder<const T &, const T &>), "%");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs, const T &rhs){return lhs%rhs;}), "%");
         }
 
       template<typename T>
-        ModulePtr right_shift(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+        void right_shift(Module& m)
         {
-          m->add(chaiscript::fun(&detail::right_shift<const T &, const T &>), ">>");
-          return m;
+          m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const T &lhs, const T &rhs){return lhs>>rhs;}), ">>");
         }
     }
   }

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_constructors.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_PROXY_CONSTRUCTORS_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_PROXY_CONSTRUCTORS_HPP_

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_functions.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_PROXY_FUNCTIONS_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_PROXY_FUNCTIONS_HPP_
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
             m_doti(user_type<Dynamic_Object>())
         {}
 
-        Param_Types(std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Type_Info>> t_types)
+        explicit Param_Types(std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Type_Info>> t_types)
           : m_types(std::move(t_types)),
             m_has_types(false),
             m_doti(user_type<Dynamic_Object>())
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         void push_front(std::string t_name, Type_Info t_ti)
         {
-          m_types.emplace(m_types.begin(), std::move(t_name), std::move(t_ti));
+          m_types.emplace(m_types.begin(), std::move(t_name), t_ti);
           update_has_types();
         }
 
@@ -72,10 +75,51 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return m_types == t_rhs.m_types;
         }
 
-        bool match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const
+        std::vector<Boxed_Value> convert(std::vector<Boxed_Value> vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const
         {
-          if (!m_has_types) return true;
-          if (vals.size() != m_types.size()) return false;
+          for (size_t i = 0; i < vals.size(); ++i)
+          {
+            const auto &name = m_types[i].first;
+            if (!name.empty()) {
+              const auto &bv = vals[i];
+
+              if (!bv.get_type_info().bare_equal(m_doti))
+              {
+                const auto &ti = m_types[i].second;
+                if (!ti.is_undef())
+                {
+                  if (!bv.get_type_info().bare_equal(ti)) {
+                    if (t_conversions->converts(ti, bv.get_type_info())) {
+                      try {
+                        // We will not catch any bad_boxed_dynamic_cast that is thrown, let the user get it
+                        // either way, we are not responsible if it doesn't work
+                        vals[i] = t_conversions->boxed_type_conversion(m_types[i].second, t_conversions.saves(), vals[i]);
+                      } catch (...) {
+                        try {
+                          // try going the other way
+                          vals[i] = t_conversions->boxed_type_down_conversion(m_types[i].second, t_conversions.saves(), vals[i]);
+                        } catch (const chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast &) {
+                          throw exception::bad_boxed_cast(bv.get_type_info(), *m_types[i].second.bare_type_info());
+                        }
+                      }
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          return vals;
+        }
+
+        // first result: is a match
+        // second result: needs conversions
+        std::pair<bool, bool> match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const
+        {
+          bool needs_conversion = false;
+
+          if (!m_has_types) { return std::make_pair(true, needs_conversion); }
+          if (vals.size() != m_types.size()) { return std::make_pair(false, needs_conversion); }
 
           for (size_t i = 0; i < vals.size(); ++i)
           {
@@ -87,25 +131,31 @@ namespace chaiscript
               {
                 try {
                   const Dynamic_Object &d = boxed_cast<const Dynamic_Object &>(bv, &t_conversions);
-                  return name == "Dynamic_Object" || d.get_type_name() == name;
+                  if (!(name == "Dynamic_Object" || d.get_type_name() == name)) {
+                    return std::make_pair(false, false);
+                  }
                 } catch (const std::bad_cast &) {
-                  return false;
+                  return std::make_pair(false, false);
                 } 
               } else {
                 const auto &ti = m_types[i].second;
                 if (!ti.is_undef())
                 {
                   if (!bv.get_type_info().bare_equal(ti)) {
-                    return false;
+                    if (!t_conversions->converts(ti, bv.get_type_info())) {
+                      return std::make_pair(false, false);
+                    } else {
+                      needs_conversion = true;
+                    }
                   }
                 } else {
-                  return false;
+                  return std::make_pair(false, false);
                 }
               }
             }
           }
 
-          return true;
+          return std::make_pair(true, needs_conversion);
         }
 
         const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Type_Info>> &types() const
@@ -145,7 +195,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     class Proxy_Function_Base
     {
       public:
-        virtual ~Proxy_Function_Base() {}
+        virtual ~Proxy_Function_Base() = default;
 
         Boxed_Value operator()(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const chaiscript::Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const
         {
@@ -181,20 +231,15 @@ namespace chaiscript
         //! to the passed in values
         bool filter(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const
         {
+          assert(m_arity == -1 || (m_arity > 0 && static_cast<int>(vals.size()) == m_arity));
+
           if (m_arity < 0)
           {
             return true;
-          } else if (static_cast<size_t>(m_arity) == vals.size()) {
-            if (m_arity == 0)
-            {
-              return true;
-            } else if (m_arity > 1) {
-              return compare_type_to_param(m_types[1], vals[0], t_conversions) && compare_type_to_param(m_types[2], vals[1], t_conversions);
-            } else {
-              return compare_type_to_param(m_types[1], vals[0], t_conversions);
-            }
+          } else if (m_arity > 1) {
+            return compare_type_to_param(m_types[1], vals[0], t_conversions) && compare_type_to_param(m_types[2], vals[1], t_conversions);
           } else {
-            return false;
+            return compare_type_to_param(m_types[1], vals[0], t_conversions);
           }
         }
 
@@ -204,8 +249,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return m_arity;
         }
 
-        virtual std::string annotation() const = 0;
-
         static bool compare_type_to_param(const Type_Info &ti, const Boxed_Value &bv, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions)
         {
           if (ti.is_undef() 
@@ -248,7 +291,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
 
 
-        static bool compare_types(const std::vector<Type_Info> &tis, const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &bvs, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions)
+        static bool compare_types(const std::vector<Type_Info> &tis, const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &bvs, 
+                                  const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions)
         {
           if (tis.size() - 1 != bvs.size())
           {
@@ -282,14 +326,13 @@ namespace chaiscript
     class guard_error : public std::runtime_error
     {
       public:
-        guard_error() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+        guard_error() noexcept
           : std::runtime_error("Guard evaluation failed")
         { }
 
         guard_error(const guard_error &) = default;
 
-        virtual ~guard_error() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
-        { }
+        ~guard_error() noexcept override = default;
     };
   }
 
@@ -306,31 +349,28 @@ namespace chaiscript
             int t_arity=-1,
             AST_NodePtr t_parsenode = AST_NodePtr(),
             Param_Types t_param_types = Param_Types(),
-            std::string t_description = "",
             Proxy_Function t_guard = Proxy_Function())
           : Proxy_Function_Base(build_param_type_list(t_param_types), t_arity),
             m_param_types(std::move(t_param_types)),
-            m_guard(std::move(t_guard)), m_parsenode(std::move(t_parsenode)), m_description(std::move(t_description))
+            m_guard(std::move(t_guard)), m_parsenode(std::move(t_parsenode))
         {
         }
 
-        virtual ~Dynamic_Proxy_Function() {}
 
-        virtual bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &rhs) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &rhs) const override
         {
           const Dynamic_Proxy_Function *prhs = dynamic_cast<const Dynamic_Proxy_Function *>(&rhs);
 
           return this == &rhs
-            || (prhs
+            || ((prhs != nullptr)
                 && this->m_arity == prhs->m_arity
                 && !this->m_guard && !prhs->m_guard
                 && this->m_param_types == prhs->m_param_types);
         }
 
-        virtual bool call_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        bool call_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
         {
-          return (m_arity < 0 || (vals.size() == size_t(m_arity) && m_param_types.match(vals, t_conversions)))
-            && test_guard(vals, t_conversions);
+          return call_match_internal(vals, t_conversions).first;
         }
 
 
@@ -344,11 +384,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return m_parsenode;
         }
 
-        virtual std::string annotation() const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
-        {
-          return m_description;
-        }
-
 
       protected:
         bool test_guard(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const
@@ -367,6 +402,26 @@ namespace chaiscript
           }
         }
 
+        // first result: is a match
+        // second result: needs conversions
+        std::pair<bool, bool> call_match_internal(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const
+        {
+          const auto comparison_result = [&](){
+            if (m_arity < 0) {
+              return std::make_pair(true, false);
+            } else if (vals.size() == size_t(m_arity)) {
+              return m_param_types.match(vals, t_conversions);
+            } else {
+              return std::make_pair(false, false);
+            }
+          }();
+
+          return std::make_pair(
+              comparison_result.first && test_guard(vals, t_conversions), 
+              comparison_result.second
+              );
+        }
+
       private:
         static std::vector<Type_Info> build_param_type_list(const Param_Types &t_types)
         {
@@ -385,16 +440,18 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return types;
         }
 
+      protected:
         Param_Types m_param_types;
+
+      private:
         Proxy_Function m_guard;
         AST_NodePtr m_parsenode;
-        std::string m_description;
     };
 
 
 
     template<typename Callable>
-    class Dynamic_Proxy_Function_Impl : public Dynamic_Proxy_Function
+    class Dynamic_Proxy_Function_Impl final : public Dynamic_Proxy_Function
     {
       public:
         Dynamic_Proxy_Function_Impl(
@@ -402,35 +459,35 @@ namespace chaiscript
             int t_arity=-1,
             AST_NodePtr t_parsenode = AST_NodePtr(),
             Param_Types t_param_types = Param_Types(),
-            std::string t_description = "",
             Proxy_Function t_guard = Proxy_Function())
           : Dynamic_Proxy_Function(
                 t_arity,
                 std::move(t_parsenode),
                 std::move(t_param_types),
-                std::move(t_description),
                 std::move(t_guard)
               ),
             m_f(std::move(t_f))
         {
         }
 
-        virtual ~Dynamic_Proxy_Function_Impl() {}
-
 
       protected:
-        virtual Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
         {
-          if (call_match(params, t_conversions) && test_guard(params, t_conversions))
+          const auto match_results = call_match_internal(params, t_conversions);
+          if (match_results.first)
           {
-            return m_f(params);
+            if (match_results.second) {
+              return m_f(m_param_types.convert(params, t_conversions));
+            } else {
+              return m_f(params);
+            }
           } else {
             throw exception::guard_error();
           }
         }
 
       private:
-
         Callable m_f;
     };
 
@@ -451,7 +508,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// and substitutes bound parameters into the parameter list
     /// at runtime, when call() is executed.
     /// it is used for bind(function, param1, _, param2) style calls
-    class Bound_Function : public Proxy_Function_Base
+    class Bound_Function final : public Proxy_Function_Base
     {
       public:
         Bound_Function(const Const_Proxy_Function &t_f, 
@@ -462,19 +519,18 @@ namespace chaiscript
           assert(m_f->get_arity() < 0 || m_f->get_arity() == static_cast<int>(m_args.size()));
         }
 
-        virtual bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &t_f) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &t_f) const override
         {
           return &t_f == this;
         }
 
-        virtual ~Bound_Function() {}
 
-        virtual bool call_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        bool call_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
         {
           return m_f->call_match(build_param_list(vals), t_conversions);
         }
 
-        virtual std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function> get_contained_functions() const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function> get_contained_functions() const override
         {
           return std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function>{m_f};
         }
@@ -511,10 +567,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return args;
         }
 
-        virtual std::string annotation() const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
-        {
-          return "Bound: " + m_f->annotation();
-        }
 
       protected:
         static std::vector<Type_Info> build_param_type_info(const Const_Proxy_Function &t_f, 
@@ -524,18 +576,11 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
           if (t_f->get_arity() < 0) { return std::vector<Type_Info>(); }
 
-          std::vector<Type_Info> types = t_f->get_param_types();
+          const auto types = t_f->get_param_types();
           assert(types.size() == t_args.size() + 1);
 
-#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC_12
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 6011)
-#endif
           // this analysis warning is invalid in MSVC12 and doesn't exist in MSVC14
           std::vector<Type_Info> retval{types[0]};
-#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC_12
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
 
           for (size_t i = 0; i < types.size() - 1; ++i)
           {
@@ -548,7 +593,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return retval;
         }
 
-        virtual Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
         {
           return (*m_f)(build_param_list(params), t_conversions);
         }
@@ -561,21 +606,15 @@ namespace chaiscript
     class Proxy_Function_Impl_Base : public Proxy_Function_Base
     {
       public:
-        Proxy_Function_Impl_Base(const std::vector<Type_Info> &t_types)
+        explicit Proxy_Function_Impl_Base(const std::vector<Type_Info> &t_types)
           : Proxy_Function_Base(t_types, static_cast<int>(t_types.size()) - 1)
         {
         }
 
-        virtual ~Proxy_Function_Impl_Base() {}
-
-        virtual std::string annotation() const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        bool call_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
         {
-          return "";
-        }
-
-        virtual bool call_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
-        {
-          return static_cast<int>(vals.size()) == get_arity() && (compare_types(m_types, vals, t_conversions) && compare_types_with_cast(vals, t_conversions));
+          return static_cast<int>(vals.size()) == get_arity() 
+            && (compare_types(m_types, vals, t_conversions) && compare_types_with_cast(vals, t_conversions));
         }
 
         virtual bool compare_types_with_cast(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const = 0;
@@ -585,33 +624,30 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
     /// For any callable object
     template<typename Func, typename Callable>
-      class Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl : public Proxy_Function_Impl_Base
+      class Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl final : public Proxy_Function_Impl_Base
     {
       public:
-        Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl(Callable f)
+        explicit Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl(Callable f)
           : Proxy_Function_Impl_Base(detail::build_param_type_list(static_cast<Func *>(nullptr))),
             m_f(std::move(f))
         {
         }
 
-        virtual ~Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl() {}
-
-        virtual bool compare_types_with_cast(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        bool compare_types_with_cast(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
         {
           return detail::compare_types_cast(static_cast<Func *>(nullptr), vals, t_conversions);
         }
 
-        virtual bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &t_func) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &t_func) const override
         {
           return dynamic_cast<const Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl<Func, Callable> *>(&t_func) != nullptr;
         }
 
 
       protected:
-        virtual Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
         {
-          typedef typename detail::Function_Signature<Func>::Return_Type Return_Type;
-          return detail::Do_Call<Return_Type>::template go<Func>(m_f, params, t_conversions);
+          return detail::call_func(detail::Function_Signature<Func>(), m_f, params, t_conversions);
         }
 
       private:
@@ -622,21 +658,16 @@ namespace chaiscript
     class Assignable_Proxy_Function : public Proxy_Function_Impl_Base
     {
       public:
-        Assignable_Proxy_Function(const std::vector<Type_Info> &t_types)
+        explicit Assignable_Proxy_Function(const std::vector<Type_Info> &t_types)
           : Proxy_Function_Impl_Base(t_types)
         {
         }
 
-        virtual ~Assignable_Proxy_Function() {}
-
-
-        virtual void assign(const std::shared_ptr<const Proxy_Function_Base> &t_rhs)  = 0;
-
-
+        virtual void assign(const std::shared_ptr<const Proxy_Function_Base> &t_rhs) = 0;
     };
 
     template<typename Func>
-      class Assignable_Proxy_Function_Impl : public Assignable_Proxy_Function
+      class Assignable_Proxy_Function_Impl final : public Assignable_Proxy_Function
     {
       public:
         Assignable_Proxy_Function_Impl(std::reference_wrapper<std::function<Func>> t_f, std::shared_ptr<std::function<Func>> t_ptr)
@@ -646,14 +677,12 @@ namespace chaiscript
           assert(!m_shared_ptr_holder || m_shared_ptr_holder.get() == &m_f.get());
         }
 
-        virtual ~Assignable_Proxy_Function_Impl() {}
-
-        virtual bool compare_types_with_cast(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        bool compare_types_with_cast(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
         {
           return detail::compare_types_cast(static_cast<Func *>(nullptr), vals, t_conversions);
         }
 
-        virtual bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &t_func) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &t_func) const override
         {
           return dynamic_cast<const Assignable_Proxy_Function_Impl<Func> *>(&t_func) != nullptr;
         }
@@ -663,14 +692,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return m_f.get();
         }
 
-        virtual void assign(const std::shared_ptr<const Proxy_Function_Base> &t_rhs) CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE {
+        void assign(const std::shared_ptr<const Proxy_Function_Base> &t_rhs) override {
           m_f.get() = dispatch::functor<Func>(t_rhs, nullptr);
         }
 
       protected:
-        virtual Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
         {
-          return detail::Do_Call<typename std::function<Func>::result_type>::template go<Func>(m_f.get(), params, t_conversions);
+          return detail::call_func(detail::Function_Signature<Func>(), m_f.get(), params, t_conversions);
         }
 
 
@@ -678,22 +707,22 @@ namespace chaiscript
         std::reference_wrapper<std::function<Func>> m_f;
         std::shared_ptr<std::function<Func>> m_shared_ptr_holder;
     };
+
+
     /// Attribute getter Proxy_Function implementation
     template<typename T, typename Class>
-      class Attribute_Access : public Proxy_Function_Base
+      class Attribute_Access final : public Proxy_Function_Base
     {
       public:
-        Attribute_Access(T Class::* t_attr)
+        explicit Attribute_Access(T Class::* t_attr)
           : Proxy_Function_Base(param_types(), 1),
             m_attr(t_attr)
         {
         }
 
-        virtual ~Attribute_Access() {}
+        bool is_attribute_function() const override { return true; } 
 
-        virtual bool is_attribute_function() const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE { return true; } 
-
-        virtual bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &t_func) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &t_func) const override
         {
           const Attribute_Access<T, Class> * aa 
             = dynamic_cast<const Attribute_Access<T, Class> *>(&t_func);
@@ -705,7 +734,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           }
         }
 
-        virtual bool call_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        bool call_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &) const override
         {
           if (vals.size() != 1)
           {
@@ -715,26 +744,47 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return vals[0].get_type_info().bare_equal(user_type<Class>());
         }
 
-        virtual std::string annotation() const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
-        {
-          return "";
-        }
-
       protected:
-        virtual Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
         {
           const Boxed_Value &bv = params[0];
           if (bv.is_const())
           {
             const Class *o = boxed_cast<const Class *>(bv, &t_conversions);
-            return detail::Handle_Return<const typename std::add_lvalue_reference<T>::type>::handle(o->*m_attr);
+            return do_call_impl<T>(o);
           } else {
             Class *o = boxed_cast<Class *>(bv, &t_conversions);
-            return detail::Handle_Return<typename std::add_lvalue_reference<T>::type>::handle(o->*m_attr);
+            return do_call_impl<T>(o);
           }
         }
 
       private:
+        template<typename Type>
+        auto do_call_impl(Class *o) const -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<Type>::value, Boxed_Value>
+        {
+          return detail::Handle_Return<Type>::handle(o->*m_attr);
+        }
+
+        template<typename Type>
+        auto do_call_impl(const Class *o) const -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<Type>::value, Boxed_Value>
+        {
+          return detail::Handle_Return<const Type>::handle(o->*m_attr);
+        }
+
+        template<typename Type>
+        auto do_call_impl(Class *o) const -> std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer<Type>::value, Boxed_Value>
+        {
+          return detail::Handle_Return<typename std::add_lvalue_reference<Type>::type>::handle(o->*m_attr);
+        }
+
+        template<typename Type>
+        auto do_call_impl(const Class *o) const -> std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer<Type>::value, Boxed_Value>
+        {
+          return detail::Handle_Return<typename std::add_lvalue_reference<typename std::add_const<Type>::type>::type>::handle(o->*m_attr);
+        }
+
+
+
         static std::vector<Type_Info> param_types()
         {
           return {user_type<T>(), user_type<Class>()};
@@ -769,7 +819,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
 
         dispatch_error(const dispatch_error &) = default;
-        virtual ~dispatch_error() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT {}
+        ~dispatch_error() noexcept override = default;
 
         std::vector<Boxed_Value> parameters;
         std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function> functions;
@@ -786,7 +836,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
           const std::vector<Type_Info> &types = t_func->get_param_types();
 
-          if (t_func->get_arity() == -1) return false;
+          if (t_func->get_arity() == -1) { return false; }
 
           assert(plist.size() == types.size() - 1);
 
@@ -846,7 +896,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
                          plist.begin(),
                          std::back_inserter(newplist),
                          [](const Type_Info &ti, const Boxed_Value &param) -> Boxed_Value {
-                           if (ti.is_arithmetic() && param.get_type_info().is_arithmetic()) {
+                           if (ti.is_arithmetic() && param.get_type_info().is_arithmetic()
+                               && param.get_type_info() != ti) {
                              return Boxed_Number(param).get_as(ti).bv;
                            } else {
                              return param;
@@ -854,8 +905,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
                          }
                        );
 
-
-
           try {
             return (*(matching_func->second))(newplist, t_conversions);
           } catch (const exception::bad_boxed_cast &) {
@@ -871,11 +920,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Take a vector of functions and a vector of parameters. Attempt to execute
-     * each function against the set of parameters, in order, until a matching
-     * function is found or throw dispatch_error if no matching function is found
-     */
+    /// Take a vector of functions and a vector of parameters. Attempt to execute
+    /// each function against the set of parameters, in order, until a matching
+    /// function is found or throw dispatch_error if no matching function is found
     template<typename Funcs>
       Boxed_Value dispatch(const Funcs &funcs,
           const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &plist, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions)
@@ -909,7 +956,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           for (const auto &func : ordered_funcs )
           {
             try {
-              if (func.first == i && func.second->filter(plist, t_conversions))
+              if (func.first == i && (i == 0 || func.second->filter(plist, t_conversions)))
               {
                 return (*(func.second))(plist, t_conversions);
               }

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_functions_detail.hpp

@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_PROXY_FUNCTIONS_DETAIL_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_PROXY_FUNCTIONS_DETAIL_HPP_
 
 #include <functional>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <vector>
+#include <array>
 
 #include "../chaiscript_defines.hpp"
 #include "boxed_cast.hpp"
@@ -43,7 +48,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
       arity_error(const arity_error &) = default;
 
-      virtual ~arity_error() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT {}
+      ~arity_error() noexcept override = default;
 
       int got;
       int expected;
@@ -66,34 +71,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
 
 
-#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_GCC_4_6 
-      /// \todo REMOVE THIS WHEN WE DROP G++4.6
-
-
-      // Forward declaration
-      template<typename ... Rest> 
-        struct Try_Cast; 
-
-      template<typename Param, typename ... Rest>
-        struct Try_Cast<Param, Rest...>
-        {
-          static void do_try(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, size_t generation, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions)
-          {
-            boxed_cast<Param>(params[generation], &t_conversions);
-            Try_Cast<Rest...>::do_try(params, generation+1, t_conversions);
-          }
-        };
-
-      // 0th case
-      template<>
-        struct Try_Cast<>
-        {
-          static void do_try(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &, size_t, const Type_Conversions_State &)
-          {
-          }
-        };
-
-
       /**
        * Used by Proxy_Function_Impl to determine if it is equivalent to another
        * Proxy_Function_Impl object. This function is primarily used to prevent
@@ -104,137 +81,54 @@ namespace chaiscript
              const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions)
         {
           try {
-            Try_Cast<Params...>::do_try(params, 0, t_conversions);
-          } catch (const exception::bad_boxed_cast &) {
-            return false;
-          }
-
-          return true;
-        }
-
-      template<typename Ret, int count, typename ... Params>
-        struct Call_Func
-        {
-
-          template<typename Callable, typename ... InnerParams>
-          static Ret do_call(const Callable &f,
-              const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions, InnerParams &&... innerparams)
-          {
-            return Call_Func<Ret, count - 1, Params...>::do_call(f, params, t_conversions, std::forward<InnerParams>(innerparams)..., params[sizeof...(Params) - count]);
-          } 
-        };
-
-      template<typename Ret, typename ... Params>
-        struct Call_Func<Ret, 0, Params...>
-        {
-#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4100) /// Disable unreferenced formal parameter warning, which only shows up in MSVC I don't think there's any way around it \todo evaluate this
-#endif
-          template<typename Callable, typename ... InnerParams>
-            static Ret do_call(const Callable &f,
-                const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions, InnerParams &&... innerparams)
-            {
-              return f(boxed_cast<Params>(std::forward<InnerParams>(innerparams), &t_conversions)...);
-            }
-#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
-        };
-
-      /**
-       * Used by Proxy_Function_Impl to perform typesafe execution of a function.
-       * The function attempts to unbox each parameter to the expected type.
-       * if any unboxing fails the execution of the function fails and
-       * the bad_boxed_cast is passed up to the caller.
-       */
-      template<typename Callable, typename Ret, typename ... Params>
-        Ret call_func(const chaiscript::dispatch::detail::Function_Signature<Ret (Params...)> &, const Callable &f,
-            const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions)
-        {
-          if (params.size() == sizeof...(Params))
-          {
-            return Call_Func<Ret, sizeof...(Params), Params...>::do_call(f, params, t_conversions);
-          }
-
-          throw exception::arity_error(static_cast<int>(params.size()), sizeof...(Params));
-        }
-
-
-
-#else
-
-      template<size_t ... I>
-      struct Indexes
-      {
-      };
-
-      template<size_t S, size_t ... I> 
-      struct Make_Indexes
-      {
-        typedef typename Make_Indexes<S-1, I..., sizeof...(I)>::indexes indexes;
-      };
-
-      template<size_t ... I>
-      struct Make_Indexes<0, I...>
-      {
-        typedef Indexes<I...> indexes;
-      };
-
-
-
-      /**
-       * Used by Proxy_Function_Impl to determine if it is equivalent to another
-       * Proxy_Function_Impl object. This function is primarily used to prevent
-       * registration of two functions with the exact same signatures
-       */
-      template<typename Ret, typename ... Params, size_t ... I>
-        bool compare_types_cast(Indexes<I...>, Ret (*)(Params...),
-             const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions)
-        {
-          try {
+            std::vector<Boxed_Value>::size_type i = 0;
+            (void)i;
             (void)params; (void)t_conversions;
-            (void)std::initializer_list<int>{(boxed_cast<Params>(params[I], &t_conversions), 0)...};
+            // this is ok because the order of evaluation of initializer lists is well defined
+            (void)std::initializer_list<int>{(boxed_cast<Params>(params[i++], &t_conversions), 0)...};
             return true;
           } catch (const exception::bad_boxed_cast &) {
             return false;
           }
-
-        }
-
-      template<typename Ret, typename ... Params>
-        bool compare_types_cast(Ret (*f)(Params...),
-             const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions)
-        {
-          typedef typename Make_Indexes<sizeof...(Params)>::indexes indexes;
-          return compare_types_cast(indexes(), f, params, t_conversions);
         }
 
 
       template<typename Callable, typename Ret, typename ... Params, size_t ... I>
-        Ret call_func(const chaiscript::dispatch::detail::Function_Signature<Ret (Params...)> &, Indexes<I...>, const Callable &f,
-            const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions)
+        Ret call_func(const chaiscript::dispatch::detail::Function_Signature<Ret (Params...)> &, 
+                      std::index_sequence<I...>, const Callable &f,
+                      const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions)
         {
           (void)params; (void)t_conversions;
           return f(boxed_cast<Params>(params[I], &t_conversions)...);
         }
 
 
-      /**
-       * Used by Proxy_Function_Impl to perform typesafe execution of a function.
-       * The function attempts to unbox each parameter to the expected type.
-       * if any unboxing fails the execution of the function fails and
-       * the bad_boxed_cast is passed up to the caller.
-       */
+      /// Used by Proxy_Function_Impl to perform typesafe execution of a function.
+      /// The function attempts to unbox each parameter to the expected type.
+      /// if any unboxing fails the execution of the function fails and
+      /// the bad_boxed_cast is passed up to the caller.
       template<typename Callable, typename Ret, typename ... Params>
-        Ret call_func(const chaiscript::dispatch::detail::Function_Signature<Ret (Params...)> &sig, const Callable &f,
+        Boxed_Value call_func(const chaiscript::dispatch::detail::Function_Signature<Ret (Params...)> &sig, const Callable &f,
             const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions)
         {
-          typedef typename Make_Indexes<sizeof...(Params)>::indexes indexes;
-          return call_func(sig, indexes(), f, params, t_conversions);
+          return Handle_Return<Ret>::handle(call_func(sig, std::index_sequence_for<Params...>{}, f, params, t_conversions));
         }
 
+      template<typename Callable, typename ... Params>
+        Boxed_Value call_func(const chaiscript::dispatch::detail::Function_Signature<void (Params...)> &sig, const Callable &f,
+            const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions)
+        {
+          call_func(sig, std::index_sequence_for<Params...>{}, f, params, t_conversions);
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4702)
 #endif
+          // MSVC is reporting that this is unreachable code - and it's wrong.
+          return Handle_Return<void>::handle();
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+        }
 
     }
   }
@@ -242,34 +136,4 @@ namespace chaiscript
 }
 
 
-namespace chaiscript
-{
-  namespace dispatch
-  {
-    namespace detail
-    {
-    template<typename Ret>
-      struct Do_Call
-      {
-        template<typename Signature, typename Callable>
-          static Boxed_Value go(const Callable &fun, const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions)
-          {
-            return Handle_Return<Ret>::handle(call_func(Function_Signature<Signature>(), fun, params, t_conversions));
-          }
-      };
-
-    template<>
-      struct Do_Call<void>
-      {
-        template<typename Signature, typename Callable>
-          static Boxed_Value go(const Callable &fun, const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions)
-          {
-            call_func(Function_Signature<Signature>(), fun, params, t_conversions);
-            return Handle_Return<void>::handle();
-          }
-      };
-    }
-  }
-}
-
 #endif

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/register_function.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_REGISTER_FUNCTION_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_REGISTER_FUNCTION_HPP_
 
@@ -107,31 +111,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
       return fun(detail::bind_first(std::forward<T>(t), q));
     }
 
-  /// \brief Creates a new Proxy_Function object from a free function or member function and binds the first and second parameters of it
-  /// \param[in] t Function / member to expose
-  /// \param[in] q Value to bind to first parameter
-  /// \param[in] r Value to bind to second parameter
-  ///
-  /// \b Example:
-  /// \code
-  /// struct MyClass
-  /// {
-  ///   void memberfunction(int);
-  /// };
-  /// 
-  /// MyClass obj;
-  /// chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
-  /// // Add function taking only no arguments, and permanently bound to "obj" and "1"
-  /// // memberfunction() will be equivalent to obj.memberfunction(1)
-  /// chai.add(fun(&MyClass::memberfunction, std::ref(obj), 1), "memberfunction"); 
-  /// \endcode
-  /// 
-  /// \sa \ref adding_functions
-  template<typename T, typename Q, typename R>
-    Proxy_Function fun(T &&t, Q &&q, R &&r)
-    {
-      return fun(detail::bind_first(detail::bind_first(std::forward<T>(t), std::forward<Q>(q)), std::forward<R>(r)));
-    }
 
 }
 

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/short_alloc.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#ifndef SHORT_ALLOC_H
+#define SHORT_ALLOC_H
+
+// The MIT License (MIT)
+// 
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Howard Hinnant
+// 
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+// 
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+// 
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cassert>
+
+template <std::size_t N, std::size_t alignment = alignof(std::max_align_t)>
+class arena
+{
+    alignas(alignment) char buf_[N];
+    char* ptr_;
+
+public:
+    ~arena() {ptr_ = nullptr;}
+    arena() noexcept : ptr_(buf_) {}
+    arena(const arena&) = delete;
+    arena& operator=(const arena&) = delete;
+
+    template <std::size_t ReqAlign> char* allocate(std::size_t n);
+    void deallocate(char* p, std::size_t n) noexcept;
+
+    static constexpr std::size_t size() noexcept {return N;}
+    std::size_t used() const noexcept {return static_cast<std::size_t>(ptr_ - buf_);}
+    void reset() noexcept {ptr_ = buf_;}
+
+private:
+    static
+    std::size_t 
+    align_up(std::size_t n) noexcept
+        {return (n + (alignment-1)) & ~(alignment-1);}
+
+    bool
+    pointer_in_buffer(char* p) noexcept
+        {return buf_ <= p && p <= buf_ + N;}
+};
+
+template <std::size_t N, std::size_t alignment>
+template <std::size_t ReqAlign>
+char*
+arena<N, alignment>::allocate(std::size_t n)
+{
+    static_assert(ReqAlign <= alignment, "alignment is too small for this arena");
+    assert(pointer_in_buffer(ptr_) && "short_alloc has outlived arena");
+    auto const aligned_n = align_up(n);
+    if (static_cast<decltype(aligned_n)>(buf_ + N - ptr_) >= aligned_n)
+    {
+        char* r = ptr_;
+        ptr_ += aligned_n;
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    static_assert(alignment <= alignof(std::max_align_t), "you've chosen an "
+                  "alignment that is larger than alignof(std::max_align_t), and "
+                  "cannot be guaranteed by normal operator new");
+    return static_cast<char*>(::operator new(n));
+}
+
+template <std::size_t N, std::size_t alignment>
+void
+arena<N, alignment>::deallocate(char* p, std::size_t n) noexcept
+{
+    assert(pointer_in_buffer(ptr_) && "short_alloc has outlived arena");
+    if (pointer_in_buffer(p))
+    {
+      n = align_up(n);
+      if (p + n == ptr_) {
+        ptr_ = p;
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      ::operator delete(p);
+    }
+}
+
+template <class T, std::size_t N, std::size_t Align = alignof(std::max_align_t)>
+class short_alloc
+{
+public:
+    using value_type = T;
+    static auto constexpr alignment = Align;
+    static auto constexpr size = N;
+    using arena_type = arena<size, alignment>;
+
+private:
+    arena_type& a_;
+
+public:
+    short_alloc(const short_alloc&) = default;
+    short_alloc& operator=(const short_alloc&) = delete;
+
+    explicit short_alloc(arena_type& a) noexcept : a_(a)
+    {
+        static_assert(size % alignment == 0,
+                      "size N needs to be a multiple of alignment Align");
+    }
+    template <class U>
+        explicit short_alloc(const short_alloc<U, N, alignment>& a) noexcept
+            : a_(a.a_) {}
+
+    template <class _Up> struct rebind {using other = short_alloc<_Up, N, alignment>;};
+
+    T* allocate(std::size_t n)
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<T*>(a_.template allocate<alignof(T)>(n*sizeof(T)));
+    }
+    void deallocate(T* p, std::size_t n) noexcept
+    {
+        a_.deallocate(reinterpret_cast<char*>(p), n*sizeof(T));
+    }
+
+    template <class T1, std::size_t N1, std::size_t A1, 
+              class U, std::size_t M, std::size_t A2>
+    friend
+    bool
+    operator==(const short_alloc<T1, N1, A1>& x, const short_alloc<U, M, A2>& y) noexcept;
+
+    template <class U, std::size_t M, std::size_t A> friend class short_alloc;
+};
+
+template <class T, std::size_t N, std::size_t A1, class U, std::size_t M, std::size_t A2>
+inline
+bool
+operator==(const short_alloc<T, N, A1>& x, const short_alloc<U, M, A2>& y) noexcept
+{
+    return N == M && A1 == A2 && &x.a_ == &y.a_;
+}
+
+template <class T, std::size_t N, std::size_t A1, class U, std::size_t M, std::size_t A2>
+inline
+bool
+operator!=(const short_alloc<T, N, A1>& x, const short_alloc<U, M, A2>& y) noexcept
+{
+    return !(x == y);
+}
+
+#endif  // SHORT_ALLOC_HPP
+

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/type_conversions.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_DYNAMIC_CAST_CONVERSION_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_DYNAMIC_CAST_CONVERSION_HPP_
 
@@ -29,48 +33,48 @@ namespace chaiscript
     {
       public:
         bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(const Type_Info &t_from, const std::type_info &t_to,
-            const std::string &t_what) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+            const std::string &t_what) noexcept
           : bad_boxed_cast(t_from, t_to, t_what)
         {
         }
 
-        bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(const Type_Info &t_from, const std::type_info &t_to) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+        bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(const Type_Info &t_from, const std::type_info &t_to) noexcept
           : bad_boxed_cast(t_from, t_to)
         {
         }
 
-        bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(const std::string &w) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+        explicit bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(const std::string &w) noexcept
           : bad_boxed_cast(w)
         {
         }
 
         bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(const bad_boxed_dynamic_cast &) = default;
 
-        virtual ~bad_boxed_dynamic_cast() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT {}
+        ~bad_boxed_dynamic_cast() noexcept override = default;
     };
 
     class bad_boxed_type_cast : public bad_boxed_cast
     {
       public:
         bad_boxed_type_cast(const Type_Info &t_from, const std::type_info &t_to,
-            const std::string &t_what) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+            const std::string &t_what) noexcept
           : bad_boxed_cast(t_from, t_to, t_what)
         {
         }
 
-        bad_boxed_type_cast(const Type_Info &t_from, const std::type_info &t_to) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+        bad_boxed_type_cast(const Type_Info &t_from, const std::type_info &t_to) noexcept
           : bad_boxed_cast(t_from, t_to)
         {
         }
 
-        bad_boxed_type_cast(const std::string &w) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+        explicit bad_boxed_type_cast(const std::string &w) noexcept
           : bad_boxed_cast(w)
         {
         }
 
         bad_boxed_type_cast(const bad_boxed_type_cast &) = default;
 
-        virtual ~bad_boxed_type_cast() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT {}
+        ~bad_boxed_type_cast() noexcept override = default;
     };
   }
 
@@ -97,18 +101,18 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return true;
         }
 
-        virtual ~Type_Conversion_Base() {}
+        virtual ~Type_Conversion_Base() = default;
 
       protected:
-        Type_Conversion_Base(const Type_Info &t_to, const Type_Info &t_from)
-          : m_to(t_to), m_from(t_from)
+        Type_Conversion_Base(Type_Info t_to, Type_Info t_from)
+          : m_to(std::move(t_to)), m_from(std::move(t_from))
         {
         }
 
 
       private:
-        Type_Info m_to;
-        Type_Info m_from;
+        const Type_Info m_to;
+        const Type_Info m_from;
 
     };
 
@@ -126,7 +130,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
                 if (t_from.is_const())
                 {
                   return Boxed_Value(
-                      [&]()->std::shared_ptr<const To>{
+                      [&](){
                         if (auto data = std::static_pointer_cast<const To>(detail::Cast_Helper<std::shared_ptr<const From> >::cast(t_from, nullptr)))
                         {
                           return data;
@@ -137,7 +141,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
                       );
                 } else {
                   return Boxed_Value(
-                      [&]()->std::shared_ptr<To>{
+                      [&](){
                         if (auto data = std::static_pointer_cast<To>(detail::Cast_Helper<std::shared_ptr<From> >::cast(t_from, nullptr)))
                         {
                           return data;
@@ -182,7 +186,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
                 if (t_from.is_const())
                 {
                   return Boxed_Value(
-                      [&]()->std::shared_ptr<const To>{
+                      [&](){
                         if (auto data = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<const To>(detail::Cast_Helper<std::shared_ptr<const From> >::cast(t_from, nullptr)))
                         {
                           return data;
@@ -193,7 +197,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
                       );
                 } else {
                   return Boxed_Value(
-                      [&]()->std::shared_ptr<To>{
+                      [&](){
                         if (auto data = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<To>(detail::Cast_Helper<std::shared_ptr<From> >::cast(t_from, nullptr)))
                         {
                           return data;
@@ -242,12 +246,12 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
         }
 
-        virtual Boxed_Value convert_down(const Boxed_Value &t_base) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        Boxed_Value convert_down(const Boxed_Value &t_base) const override
         {
           return Dynamic_Caster<Base, Derived>::cast(t_base);
         }
 
-        virtual Boxed_Value convert(const Boxed_Value &t_derived) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        Boxed_Value convert(const Boxed_Value &t_derived) const override
         {
           return Static_Caster<Derived, Base>::cast(t_derived);
         }
@@ -262,17 +266,18 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
         }
 
-        virtual Boxed_Value convert_down(const Boxed_Value &t_base) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        Boxed_Value convert_down(const Boxed_Value &t_base) const override
         {
-          throw chaiscript::exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(t_base.get_type_info(), typeid(Derived), "Unable to cast down inheritance hierarchy with non-polymorphic types");
+          throw chaiscript::exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(t_base.get_type_info(), typeid(Derived), 
+              "Unable to cast down inheritance hierarchy with non-polymorphic types");
         }
 
-        virtual bool bidir() const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        bool bidir() const override
         {
           return false;
         }
 
-        virtual Boxed_Value convert(const Boxed_Value &t_derived) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        Boxed_Value convert(const Boxed_Value &t_derived) const override
         {
           return Static_Caster<Derived, Base>::cast(t_derived);
         }
@@ -285,23 +290,23 @@ namespace chaiscript
     {
       public:
         Type_Conversion_Impl(Type_Info t_from, Type_Info t_to, Callable t_func)
-          : Type_Conversion_Base(std::move(t_to), std::move(t_from)),
+          : Type_Conversion_Base(t_to, t_from),
             m_func(std::move(t_func))
         {
         }
 
-        virtual Boxed_Value convert_down(const Boxed_Value &) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        Boxed_Value convert_down(const Boxed_Value &) const override
         {
           throw chaiscript::exception::bad_boxed_type_cast("No conversion exists");
         }
 
-        virtual Boxed_Value convert(const Boxed_Value &t_from) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        Boxed_Value convert(const Boxed_Value &t_from) const override
         {
           /// \todo better handling of errors from the conversion function
           return m_func(t_from);
         }
 
-        virtual bool bidir() const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+        bool bidir() const override
         {
           return false;
         }
@@ -317,11 +322,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     public:
       struct Conversion_Saves
       {
-        Conversion_Saves()
-          : enabled(false)
-        {}
-
-        bool enabled;
+        bool enabled = false;
         std::vector<Boxed_Value> saves;
       };
 
@@ -343,16 +344,11 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
       }
 
-      Type_Conversions(const Type_Conversions &t_other)
-        : m_mutex(),
-          m_conversions(t_other.get_conversions()),
-          m_convertableTypes(t_other.m_convertableTypes),
-          m_num_types(m_conversions.size()),
-          m_thread_cache(this),
-          m_conversion_saves(this)
+      Type_Conversions(const Type_Conversions &t_other) = delete;
+      Type_Conversions(Type_Conversions &&) = default;
 
-      {
-      }
+      Type_Conversions &operator=(const Type_Conversions &) = delete;
+      Type_Conversions &operator=(Type_Conversions &&) = default;
 
       const std::set<const std::type_info *, Less_Than> &thread_cache() const
       {
@@ -401,28 +397,39 @@ namespace chaiscript
       template<typename To>
         Boxed_Value boxed_type_conversion(Conversion_Saves &t_saves, const Boxed_Value &from) const
         {
-          try {
-            Boxed_Value ret = get_conversion(user_type<To>(), from.get_type_info())->convert(from);
-            if (t_saves.enabled) t_saves.saves.push_back(ret);
-            return ret;
-          } catch (const std::out_of_range &) {
-            throw exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(from.get_type_info(), typeid(To), "No known conversion");
-          } catch (const std::bad_cast &) {
-            throw exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(from.get_type_info(), typeid(To), "Unable to perform dynamic_cast operation");
-          }
+          return boxed_type_conversion(user_type<To>(), t_saves, from);
         }
 
       template<typename From>
         Boxed_Value boxed_type_down_conversion(Conversion_Saves &t_saves, const Boxed_Value &to) const
+        {
+          return boxed_type_down_conversion(user_type<From>(), t_saves, to);
+        }
+
+
+        Boxed_Value boxed_type_conversion(const Type_Info &to, Conversion_Saves &t_saves, const Boxed_Value &from) const
         {
           try {
-            Boxed_Value ret = get_conversion(to.get_type_info(), user_type<From>())->convert_down(to);
-            if (t_saves.enabled) t_saves.saves.push_back(ret);
+            Boxed_Value ret = get_conversion(to, from.get_type_info())->convert(from);
+            if (t_saves.enabled) { t_saves.saves.push_back(ret); }
             return ret;
           } catch (const std::out_of_range &) {
-            throw exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(to.get_type_info(), typeid(From), "No known conversion");
+            throw exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(from.get_type_info(), *to.bare_type_info(), "No known conversion");
           } catch (const std::bad_cast &) {
-            throw exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(to.get_type_info(), typeid(From), "Unable to perform dynamic_cast operation");
+            throw exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(from.get_type_info(), *to.bare_type_info(), "Unable to perform dynamic_cast operation");
+          }
+        }
+
+        Boxed_Value boxed_type_down_conversion(const Type_Info &from, Conversion_Saves &t_saves, const Boxed_Value &to) const
+        {
+          try {
+            Boxed_Value ret = get_conversion(to.get_type_info(), from)->convert_down(to);
+            if (t_saves.enabled) { t_saves.saves.push_back(ret); }
+            return ret;
+          } catch (const std::out_of_range &) {
+            throw exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(to.get_type_info(), *from.bare_type_info(), "No known conversion");
+          } catch (const std::bad_cast &) {
+            throw exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(to.get_type_info(), *from.bare_type_info(), "Unable to perform dynamic_cast operation");
           }
         }
 
@@ -448,7 +455,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
         chaiscript::detail::threading::shared_lock<chaiscript::detail::threading::shared_mutex> l(m_mutex);
 
-        auto itr = find(to, from);
+        const auto itr = find(to, from);
 
         if (itr != m_conversions.end())
         {

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/type_info.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_TYPE_INFO_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_TYPE_INFO_HPP_
 
@@ -29,8 +33,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
   class Type_Info
   {
     public:
-      CHAISCRIPT_CONSTEXPR Type_Info(bool t_is_const, bool t_is_reference, bool t_is_pointer, bool t_is_void, 
-          bool t_is_arithmetic, const std::type_info *t_ti, const std::type_info *t_bare_ti)
+      constexpr Type_Info(const bool t_is_const, const bool t_is_reference, const bool t_is_pointer, const bool t_is_void, 
+          const bool t_is_arithmetic, const std::type_info *t_ti, const std::type_info *t_bare_ti)
         : m_type_info(t_ti), m_bare_type_info(t_bare_ti),
           m_flags((static_cast<unsigned int>(t_is_const) << is_const_flag)
                 + (static_cast<unsigned int>(t_is_reference) << is_reference_flag)
@@ -40,59 +44,55 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
       }
 
-      CHAISCRIPT_CONSTEXPR Type_Info()
-        : m_type_info(nullptr), m_bare_type_info(nullptr),
-          m_flags(1 << is_undef_flag)
-      {
-      }
+      constexpr Type_Info() = default;
 
-#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER != 1800
-      Type_Info(Type_Info&&) = default;
-      Type_Info& operator=(Type_Info&&) = default;
-#endif
-
-      Type_Info(const Type_Info&) = default;
-      Type_Info& operator=(const Type_Info&) = default;
-
-
-      CHAISCRIPT_CONSTEXPR bool operator<(const Type_Info &ti) const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      constexpr bool operator<(const Type_Info &ti) const noexcept
       {
         return m_type_info < ti.m_type_info;
       }
 
-      CHAISCRIPT_CONSTEXPR bool operator==(const Type_Info &ti) const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      constexpr bool operator!=(const Type_Info &ti) const noexcept
+      {
+        return !(operator==(ti));
+      }
+
+      constexpr bool operator!=(const std::type_info &ti) const noexcept
+      {
+        return !(operator==(ti));
+      }
+
+      constexpr bool operator==(const Type_Info &ti) const noexcept
       {
         return ti.m_type_info == m_type_info
-          || (ti.m_type_info && m_type_info && *ti.m_type_info == *m_type_info);
+           || *ti.m_type_info == *m_type_info;
       }
 
-      CHAISCRIPT_CONSTEXPR bool operator==(const std::type_info &ti) const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      constexpr bool operator==(const std::type_info &ti) const noexcept
       {
-        return m_type_info != nullptr && (*m_type_info) == ti;
+        return !is_undef() && (*m_type_info) == ti;
       }
 
-      CHAISCRIPT_CONSTEXPR bool bare_equal(const Type_Info &ti) const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      constexpr bool bare_equal(const Type_Info &ti) const noexcept
       {
-        return ti.m_bare_type_info == m_bare_type_info 
-          || (ti.m_bare_type_info && m_bare_type_info && *ti.m_bare_type_info == *m_bare_type_info);
+        return ti.m_bare_type_info == m_bare_type_info
+           || *ti.m_bare_type_info == *m_bare_type_info;
       }
 
-      CHAISCRIPT_CONSTEXPR bool bare_equal_type_info(const std::type_info &ti) const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      constexpr bool bare_equal_type_info(const std::type_info &ti) const noexcept
       {
-        return m_bare_type_info != nullptr 
-          && (*m_bare_type_info) == ti;
+        return !is_undef() && (*m_bare_type_info) == ti;
       }
 
-      CHAISCRIPT_CONSTEXPR bool is_const() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT { return (m_flags & (1 << is_const_flag)) != 0; }
-      CHAISCRIPT_CONSTEXPR bool is_reference() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT { return (m_flags & (1 << is_reference_flag)) != 0; }
-      CHAISCRIPT_CONSTEXPR bool is_void() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT { return (m_flags & (1 << is_void_flag)) != 0; }
-      CHAISCRIPT_CONSTEXPR bool is_arithmetic() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT { return (m_flags & (1 << is_arithmetic_flag)) != 0; }
-      CHAISCRIPT_CONSTEXPR bool is_undef() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT { return (m_flags & (1 << is_undef_flag)) != 0; }
-      CHAISCRIPT_CONSTEXPR bool is_pointer() const CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT { return (m_flags & (1 << is_pointer_flag)) != 0; }
+      constexpr bool is_const() const noexcept { return (m_flags & (1 << is_const_flag)) != 0; }
+      constexpr bool is_reference() const noexcept { return (m_flags & (1 << is_reference_flag)) != 0; }
+      constexpr bool is_void() const noexcept { return (m_flags & (1 << is_void_flag)) != 0; }
+      constexpr bool is_arithmetic() const noexcept { return (m_flags & (1 << is_arithmetic_flag)) != 0; }
+      constexpr bool is_undef() const noexcept { return (m_flags & (1 << is_undef_flag)) != 0; }
+      constexpr bool is_pointer() const noexcept { return (m_flags & (1 << is_pointer_flag)) != 0; }
 
       std::string name() const
       {
-        if (m_type_info)
+        if (!is_undef())
         {
           return m_type_info->name();
         } else {
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
       std::string bare_name() const
       {
-        if (m_bare_type_info)
+        if (!is_undef())
         {
           return m_bare_type_info->name();
         } else {
@@ -110,21 +110,23 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
       }
 
-      CHAISCRIPT_CONSTEXPR const std::type_info *bare_type_info() const
+      constexpr const std::type_info *bare_type_info() const
       {
         return m_bare_type_info;
       }
 
     private:
-      const std::type_info *m_type_info;
-      const std::type_info *m_bare_type_info;
-      unsigned int m_flags;
+      struct Unknown_Type {};
+
+      const std::type_info *m_type_info = &typeid(Unknown_Type);
+      const std::type_info *m_bare_type_info = &typeid(Unknown_Type);
       static const int is_const_flag = 0;
       static const int is_reference_flag = 1;
       static const int is_pointer_flag = 2;
       static const int is_void_flag = 3;
       static const int is_arithmetic_flag = 4;
       static const int is_undef_flag = 5;
+      unsigned int m_flags = (1 << is_undef_flag);
   };
 
   namespace detail
@@ -133,9 +135,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename T>
       struct Get_Type_Info
       {
-        typedef T type;
-
-        static Type_Info get()
+        static constexpr Type_Info get()
         {
           return Type_Info(std::is_const<typename std::remove_pointer<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::type>::value, 
               std::is_reference<T>::value, std::is_pointer<T>::value, 
@@ -150,9 +150,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename T>
       struct Get_Type_Info<std::shared_ptr<T> >
       {
-        typedef T type;
+//        typedef T type;
 
-        static Type_Info get()
+        static constexpr Type_Info get()
         {
           return Type_Info(std::is_const<T>::value, std::is_reference<T>::value, std::is_pointer<T>::value, 
               std::is_void<T>::value,
@@ -170,9 +170,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename T>
       struct Get_Type_Info<const std::shared_ptr<T> &>
       {
-        typedef T type;
-
-        static Type_Info get()
+        static constexpr Type_Info get()
         {
           return Type_Info(std::is_const<T>::value, std::is_reference<T>::value, std::is_pointer<T>::value, 
               std::is_void<T>::value,
@@ -185,9 +183,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename T>
       struct Get_Type_Info<std::reference_wrapper<T> >
       {
-        typedef T type;
-
-        static Type_Info get()
+        static constexpr Type_Info get()
         {
           return Type_Info(std::is_const<T>::value, std::is_reference<T>::value, std::is_pointer<T>::value, 
               std::is_void<T>::value,
@@ -200,9 +196,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename T>
       struct Get_Type_Info<const std::reference_wrapper<T> &>
       {
-        typedef T type;
-
-        static Type_Info get()
+        static constexpr Type_Info get()
         {
           return Type_Info(std::is_const<T>::value, std::is_reference<T>::value, std::is_pointer<T>::value, 
               std::is_void<T>::value,
@@ -224,7 +218,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
   /// chaiscript::Type_Info ti = chaiscript::user_type(i);
   /// \endcode
   template<typename T>
-   Type_Info user_type(const T &/*t*/)
+  constexpr Type_Info user_type(const T &/*t*/)
   {
     return detail::Get_Type_Info<T>::get();
   }
@@ -239,7 +233,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
   /// chaiscript::Type_Info ti = chaiscript::user_type<int>();
   /// \endcode
   template<typename T>
-   Type_Info user_type()
+  constexpr Type_Info user_type()
   {
     return detail::Get_Type_Info<T>::get();
   }

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_algebraic.hpp

@@ -1,19 +1,25 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_ALGEBRAIC_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_ALGEBRAIC_HPP_
 
+#include "../utility/fnv1a.hpp"
+
 #include <string>
 
 namespace chaiscript
 {
 
   struct Operators {
-    enum Opers
+    enum class Opers
     {
       boolean_flag,
       equals, less_than, greater_than, less_than_equal, greater_than_equal, not_equal, 
@@ -31,7 +37,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     };
 
     static const char *to_string(Opers t_oper) {
-      const char *opers[] = { 
+      static const char *opers[] = { 
         "",
         "==", "<", ">", "<=", ">=", "!=",
         "",
@@ -46,81 +52,53 @@ namespace chaiscript
         "+", "/", "*", "-", "+", "-",
         ""
       };
-      return opers[t_oper];
+      return opers[static_cast<int>(t_oper)];
     }
 
     static Opers to_operator(const std::string &t_str, bool t_is_unary = false)
     {
-      if (t_str == "==")
-      {
-        return equals;
-      } else if (t_str == "<") {
-        return less_than;
-      } else if (t_str == ">") {
-        return greater_than;
-      } else if (t_str == "<=") {
-        return less_than_equal; 
-      } else if (t_str == ">=") {
-        return greater_than_equal;
-      } else if (t_str == "!=") {
-        return not_equal;
-      } else if (t_str == "=") {
-        return assign;
-      } else if (t_str == "++") {
-        return pre_increment;
-      } else if (t_str == "--") {
-        return pre_decrement;
-      } else if (t_str == "*=") {
-        return assign_product;
-      } else if (t_str == "+=") {
-        return assign_sum;
-      } else if (t_str == "-=") {
-        return assign_difference;
-      } else if (t_str == "&=") {
-        return assign_bitwise_and;
-      } else if (t_str == "|=") {
-        return assign_bitwise_or;
-      } else if (t_str == "<<=") {
-        return assign_shift_left;
-      } else if (t_str == ">>=") {
-        return assign_shift_right;
-      } else if (t_str == "%=") {
-        return assign_remainder;
-      } else if (t_str == "^=") {
-        return assign_bitwise_xor;
-      } else if (t_str == "<<") {
-        return shift_left;
-      } else if (t_str == ">>") {
-        return shift_right;
-      } else if (t_str == "%") {
-        return remainder;
-      } else if (t_str == "&") { 
-        return bitwise_and;
-      } else if (t_str == "|") {
-        return bitwise_or;
-      } else if (t_str == "^") {
-        return bitwise_xor;
-      } else if (t_str == "~") {
-        return bitwise_complement;
-      } else if (t_str == "+") {
-        if (t_is_unary) {
-          return unary_plus;
-        } else {
-          return sum;
-        }
-      } else if (t_str == "-") {
-        if (t_is_unary) {
-          return unary_minus;
-        } else {
-          return difference;
-        }
-      } else if (t_str == "/") {
-        return quotient;
-      } else if (t_str == "*") {
-        return product;
-      } else {
-        return invalid;
-      } 
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4307)
+#endif
+
+      const auto op_hash = utility::fnv1a_32(t_str.c_str());
+      switch (op_hash) {
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("=="): { return Opers::equals; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("<"): { return Opers::less_than; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32(">"): { return Opers::greater_than; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("<="): { return Opers::less_than_equal; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32(">="): { return Opers::greater_than_equal; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("!="): { return Opers::not_equal; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("="): { return Opers::assign; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("++"): { return Opers::pre_increment; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("--"): { return Opers::pre_decrement; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("*="): { return Opers::assign_product; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("+="): { return Opers::assign_sum; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("-="): { return Opers::assign_difference; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("&="): { return Opers::assign_bitwise_and; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("|="): { return Opers::assign_bitwise_or; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("<<="): { return Opers::assign_shift_left; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32(">>="): { return Opers::assign_shift_right; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("%="): { return Opers::assign_remainder; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("^="): { return Opers::assign_bitwise_xor; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("<<"): { return Opers::shift_left; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32(">>"): { return Opers::shift_right; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("%"): { return Opers::remainder; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("&"): { return Opers::bitwise_and; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("|"): { return Opers::bitwise_or; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("^"): { return Opers::bitwise_xor; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("~"): { return Opers::bitwise_complement; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("+"): { return t_is_unary ? Opers::unary_plus : Opers::sum; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("-"): { return t_is_unary ? Opers::unary_minus : Opers::difference; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("/"): { return Opers::quotient; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("*"): { return Opers::product; }
+        default: { return Opers::invalid; }
+      }
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
     }
 
   };

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_common.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_COMMON_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_COMMON_HPP_
 
@@ -26,34 +30,60 @@ struct AST_Node;
 
 namespace chaiscript
 {
+  struct Name_Validator {
+    static bool is_reserved_word(const std::string &name)
+    {
+      static const std::set<std::string> m_reserved_words 
+        = {"def", "fun", "while", "for", "if", "else", "&&", "||", ",", "auto", 
+          "return", "break", "true", "false", "class", "attr", "var", "global", "GLOBAL", "_",
+          "__LINE__", "__FILE__", "__FUNC__", "__CLASS__"};
+      return m_reserved_words.count(name) > 0;
+    }
+
+    static bool valid_object_name(const std::string &name)
+    {
+      return name.find("::") == std::string::npos && !is_reserved_word(name);
+    }
+
+    static void validate_object_name(const std::string &name)
+    {
+      if (is_reserved_word(name)) {
+        throw exception::reserved_word_error(name);
+      }
+
+      if (name.find("::") != std::string::npos) {
+        throw exception::illegal_name_error(name);
+      }
+    }
+  };
 
   /// Signature of module entry point that all binary loadable modules must implement.
   typedef ModulePtr (*Create_Module_Func)();
 
 
   /// Types of AST nodes available to the parser and eval
-  class AST_Node_Type {
-  public:
-    enum Type { Error, Int, Float, Id, Char, Str, Eol, Fun_Call, Arg_List, Variable, Equation, Var_Decl,
-                Comparison, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Modulus, Array_Call, Dot_Access, Quoted_String, Single_Quoted_String,
-                Lambda, Block, Def, While, If, For, Inline_Array, Inline_Map, Return, File, Prefix, Break, Continue, Map_Pair, Value_Range,
-                Inline_Range, Annotation, Try, Catch, Finally, Method, Attr_Decl, Shift, Equality, Bitwise_And, Bitwise_Xor, Bitwise_Or, 
-                Logical_And, Logical_Or, Reference, Switch, Case, Default, Ternary_Cond, Noop, Class, Binary, Arg, Global_Decl
-    };
+  enum class AST_Node_Type { Id, Fun_Call, Unused_Return_Fun_Call, Arg_List, Equation, Var_Decl,
+    Array_Call, Dot_Access,
+    Lambda, Block, Scopeless_Block, Def, While, If, For, Ranged_For, Inline_Array, Inline_Map, Return, File, Prefix, Break, Continue, Map_Pair, Value_Range,
+    Inline_Range, Try, Catch, Finally, Method, Attr_Decl,  
+    Logical_And, Logical_Or, Reference, Switch, Case, Default, Noop, Class, Binary, Arg, Global_Decl, Constant, Compiled
   };
 
+  enum class Operator_Precidence { Ternary_Cond, Logical_Or, 
+    Logical_And, Bitwise_Or, Bitwise_Xor, Bitwise_And, 
+    Equality, Comparison, Shift, Addition, Multiplication, Prefix };
+
   namespace
   {
-
     /// Helper lookup to get the name of each node type
-    const char *ast_node_type_to_string(int ast_node_type) {
-      const char *ast_node_types[] = { "Internal Parser Error", "Int", "Float", "Id", "Char", "Str", "Eol", "Fun_Call", "Arg_List", "Variable", "Equation", "Var_Decl",
-                                    "Comparison", "Addition", "Subtraction", "Multiplication", "Division", "Modulus", "Array_Call", "Dot_Access", "Quoted_String", "Single_Quoted_String",
-                                    "Lambda", "Block", "Def", "While", "If", "For", "Inline_Array", "Inline_Map", "Return", "File", "Prefix", "Break", "Continue", "Map_Pair", "Value_Range",
-                                    "Inline_Range", "Annotation", "Try", "Catch", "Finally", "Method", "Attr_Decl", "Shift", "Equality", "Bitwise_And", "Bitwise_Xor", "Bitwise_Or", 
-                                    "Logical_And", "Logical_Or", "Reference", "Switch", "Case", "Default", "Ternary Condition", "Noop", "Class", "Binary", "Arg"};
+    inline const char *ast_node_type_to_string(AST_Node_Type ast_node_type) {
+      static const char * const ast_node_types[] = { "Id", "Fun_Call", "Unused_Return_Fun_Call", "Arg_List", "Equation", "Var_Decl",
+                                    "Array_Call", "Dot_Access", 
+                                    "Lambda", "Block", "Scopeless_Block", "Def", "While", "If", "For", "Ranged_For", "Inline_Array", "Inline_Map", "Return", "File", "Prefix", "Break", "Continue", "Map_Pair", "Value_Range",
+                                    "Inline_Range", "Try", "Catch", "Finally", "Method", "Attr_Decl",
+                                    "Logical_And", "Logical_Or", "Reference", "Switch", "Case", "Default", "Noop", "Class", "Binary", "Arg", "Global_Decl", "Constant", "Compiled"};
 
-      return ast_node_types[ast_node_type];
+      return ast_node_types[static_cast<int>(ast_node_type)];
     }
   }
 
@@ -101,6 +131,36 @@ namespace chaiscript
   /// \brief Classes which may be thrown during error cases when ChaiScript is executing.
   namespace exception
   {
+    /// \brief Thrown if an error occurs while attempting to load a binary module
+    struct load_module_error : std::runtime_error
+    {
+      explicit load_module_error(const std::string &t_reason) noexcept
+        : std::runtime_error(t_reason)
+      {
+      }
+
+      load_module_error(const std::string &t_name, const std::vector<load_module_error> &t_errors)
+        : std::runtime_error(format_error(t_name, t_errors))
+      {
+      }
+
+      load_module_error(const load_module_error &) = default;
+      ~load_module_error() noexcept override = default;
+
+      static std::string format_error(const std::string &t_name, const std::vector<load_module_error> &t_errors)
+      {
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << "Error loading module '" << t_name << "'\n"
+           << "  The following locations were searched:\n";
+
+        for (const auto &err : t_errors) {
+          ss << "    " << err.what() << "\n";
+        }
+
+        return ss.str();
+      }
+    };
+
 
     /// Errors generated during parsing or evaluation
     struct eval_error : std::runtime_error {
@@ -113,7 +173,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       eval_error(const std::string &t_why, const File_Position &t_where, const std::string &t_fname,
           const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &t_parameters, const std::vector<chaiscript::Const_Proxy_Function> &t_functions,
           bool t_dot_notation,
-          const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_Engine &t_ss) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT :
+          const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_Engine &t_ss) noexcept :
         std::runtime_error(format(t_why, t_where, t_fname, t_parameters, t_dot_notation, t_ss)),
         reason(t_why), start_position(t_where), filename(t_fname), detail(format_detail(t_functions, t_dot_notation, t_ss)) 
       {}
@@ -121,18 +181,18 @@ namespace chaiscript
       eval_error(const std::string &t_why, 
            const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &t_parameters, const std::vector<chaiscript::Const_Proxy_Function> &t_functions,
            bool t_dot_notation,
-           const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_Engine &t_ss) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT :
+           const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_Engine &t_ss) noexcept :
         std::runtime_error(format(t_why, t_parameters, t_dot_notation, t_ss)),
         reason(t_why), detail(format_detail(t_functions, t_dot_notation, t_ss))
       {}
 
 
-      eval_error(const std::string &t_why, const File_Position &t_where, const std::string &t_fname) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT :
+      eval_error(const std::string &t_why, const File_Position &t_where, const std::string &t_fname) noexcept :
         std::runtime_error(format(t_why, t_where, t_fname)),
         reason(t_why), start_position(t_where), filename(t_fname)
       {}
 
-      eval_error(const std::string &t_why) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      explicit eval_error(const std::string &t_why) noexcept
         : std::runtime_error("Error: \"" + t_why + "\" "),
         reason(t_why) 
       {}
@@ -144,7 +204,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         std::ostringstream ss;
 
         ss << what();
-        if (call_stack.size() > 0) {
+        if (!call_stack.empty()) {
           ss << "during evaluation at (" << fname(call_stack[0]) << " " << startpos(call_stack[0]) << ")\n";
           ss << '\n' << detail << '\n';
           ss << "  " << fname(call_stack[0]) << " (" << startpos(call_stack[0]) << ") '" << pretty(call_stack[0]) << "'";
@@ -161,12 +221,12 @@ namespace chaiscript
         return ss.str();
       }
 
-      virtual ~eval_error() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT {}
+      ~eval_error() noexcept override = default;
 
     private:
 
       template<typename T>
-        static int id(const T& t)
+        static AST_Node_Type id(const T& t)
         {
           return t->identifier;
         }
@@ -420,12 +480,12 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
     /// Errors generated when loading a file
     struct file_not_found_error : std::runtime_error {
-      file_not_found_error(const std::string &t_filename) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
+      explicit file_not_found_error(const std::string &t_filename) noexcept
         : std::runtime_error("File Not Found: " + t_filename)
       { }
 
       file_not_found_error(const file_not_found_error &) = default;
-      virtual ~file_not_found_error() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT {}
+      ~file_not_found_error() noexcept override = default;
     };
 
   }
@@ -434,11 +494,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
   /// \brief Struct that doubles as both a parser ast_node and an AST node.
   struct AST_Node : std::enable_shared_from_this<AST_Node> {
     public:
-      const int identifier; //< \todo shouldn't this be a strongly typed enum value?
+      const AST_Node_Type identifier;
       const std::string text;
       Parse_Location location;
-      std::vector<AST_NodePtr> children;
-      AST_NodePtr annotation;
 
       const std::string &filename() const {
         return *location.filename;
@@ -452,19 +510,22 @@ namespace chaiscript
         return location.end;
       }
 
-      virtual std::string pretty_print() const
+      std::string pretty_print() const
       {
         std::ostringstream oss;
 
         oss << text;
 
-        for (auto & elem : this->children) {
-          oss << elem->pretty_print();
+        for (auto & elem : this->get_children()) {
+          oss << elem->pretty_print() << ' ';
         }
 
         return oss.str();
       }
 
+      virtual std::vector<AST_NodePtr> get_children() const = 0;
+      virtual Boxed_Value eval(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_e) const = 0;
+
 
       /// Prints the contents of an AST node, including its children, recursively
       std::string to_string(const std::string &t_prepend = "") const {
@@ -473,25 +534,16 @@ namespace chaiscript
         oss << t_prepend << "(" << ast_node_type_to_string(this->identifier) << ") "
             << this->text << " : " << this->location.start.line << ", " << this->location.start.column << '\n';
 
-        for (auto & elem : this->children) {
+        for (auto & elem : this->get_children()) {
           oss << elem->to_string(t_prepend + "  ");
         }
         return oss.str();
       }
 
-      Boxed_Value eval(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_e) const
-      {
-        try {
-          return eval_internal(t_e);
-        } catch (exception::eval_error &ee) {
-          ee.call_stack.push_back(shared_from_this());
-          throw;
-        }
-      }
 
-      static bool get_bool_condition(const Boxed_Value &t_bv) {
+      static bool get_bool_condition(const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) {
         try {
-          return boxed_cast<bool>(t_bv);
+          return t_ss->boxed_cast<bool>(t_bv);
         }
         catch (const exception::bad_boxed_cast &) {
           throw exception::eval_error("Condition not boolean");
@@ -499,33 +551,47 @@ namespace chaiscript
       }
 
 
-      void replace_child(const AST_NodePtr &t_child, const AST_NodePtr &t_new_child)
-      {
-        std::replace(children.begin(), children.end(), t_child, t_new_child);
-      }
-
-      virtual ~AST_Node() {}
-
-    protected:
-      AST_Node(std::string t_ast_node_text, int t_id, Parse_Location t_loc, 
-               std::vector<AST_NodePtr> t_children = std::vector<AST_NodePtr>()) :
-        identifier(t_id), text(std::move(t_ast_node_text)),
-        location(std::move(t_loc)),
-        children(std::move(t_children))
-      {
-      }
-
-      virtual Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &) const
-      {
-        throw std::runtime_error("Undispatched ast_node (internal error)");
-      }
-
-    private:
-      // Copy and assignment explicitly unimplemented
+      virtual ~AST_Node() = default;
+      AST_Node(AST_Node &&) = default;
+      AST_Node &operator=(AST_Node &&) = default;
       AST_Node(const AST_Node &) = delete;
       AST_Node& operator=(const AST_Node &) = delete;
+
+
+    protected:
+      AST_Node(std::string t_ast_node_text, AST_Node_Type t_id, Parse_Location t_loc)
+        : identifier(t_id), text(std::move(t_ast_node_text)),
+          location(std::move(t_loc))
+      {
+      }
+
+
   };
 
+  namespace parser {
+    class ChaiScript_Parser_Base
+    {
+      public:
+        virtual AST_NodePtr parse(const std::string &t_input, const std::string &t_fname) = 0;
+        virtual void debug_print(AST_NodePtr t, std::string prepend = "") const = 0;
+        virtual void *get_tracer_ptr() = 0;
+        virtual ~ChaiScript_Parser_Base() = default;
+        ChaiScript_Parser_Base() = default;
+        ChaiScript_Parser_Base(ChaiScript_Parser_Base &&) = default;
+        ChaiScript_Parser_Base &operator=(ChaiScript_Parser_Base &&) = delete;
+        ChaiScript_Parser_Base &operator=(const ChaiScript_Parser_Base &&) = delete;
+
+        template<typename T>
+        T &get_tracer()
+        {
+          // to do type check this somehow?
+          return *static_cast<T*>(get_tracer_ptr());
+        }
+
+      protected:
+        ChaiScript_Parser_Base(const ChaiScript_Parser_Base &) = default;
+    };
+  }
 
   namespace eval
   {
@@ -535,96 +601,102 @@ namespace chaiscript
       struct Return_Value {
         Boxed_Value retval;
 
-        Return_Value(Boxed_Value t_return_value) : retval(std::move(t_return_value)) { }
+        explicit Return_Value(Boxed_Value t_return_value) : retval(std::move(t_return_value)) { }
       };
 
 
       /// Special type indicating a call to 'break'
       struct Break_Loop {
-        Break_Loop() { }
+        Break_Loop() = default;
       };
 
 
       /// Special type indicating a call to 'continue'
       struct Continue_Loop {
-        Continue_Loop() { }
+        Continue_Loop() = default;
       };
 
 
       /// Creates a new scope then pops it on destruction
       struct Scope_Push_Pop
       {
+        Scope_Push_Pop(Scope_Push_Pop &&) = default;
+        Scope_Push_Pop& operator=(Scope_Push_Pop &&) = default;
         Scope_Push_Pop(const Scope_Push_Pop &) = delete;
         Scope_Push_Pop& operator=(const Scope_Push_Pop &) = delete;
 
-        Scope_Push_Pop(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ds)
+        explicit Scope_Push_Pop(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ds)
           : m_ds(t_ds)
         {
-          m_ds.get()->new_scope(m_ds.get().stack_holder());
+          m_ds->new_scope(m_ds.stack_holder());
         }
 
         ~Scope_Push_Pop()
         {
-          m_ds.get()->pop_scope(m_ds.get().stack_holder());
+          m_ds->pop_scope(m_ds.stack_holder());
         }
 
 
         private:
-        std::reference_wrapper<const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State> m_ds;
+          const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &m_ds;
       };
 
       /// Creates a new function call and pops it on destruction
       struct Function_Push_Pop
       {
+        Function_Push_Pop(Function_Push_Pop &&) = default;
+        Function_Push_Pop& operator=(Function_Push_Pop &&) = default;
         Function_Push_Pop(const Function_Push_Pop &) = delete;
         Function_Push_Pop& operator=(const Function_Push_Pop &) = delete;
 
-        Function_Push_Pop(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ds)
+        explicit Function_Push_Pop(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ds)
           : m_ds(t_ds)
         {
-          m_ds.get()->new_function_call(m_ds.get().stack_holder(), m_ds.get().conversion_saves());
+          m_ds->new_function_call(m_ds.stack_holder(), m_ds.conversion_saves());
         }
 
         ~Function_Push_Pop()
         {
-          m_ds.get()->pop_function_call(m_ds.get().stack_holder(), m_ds.get().conversion_saves());
+          m_ds->pop_function_call(m_ds.stack_holder(), m_ds.conversion_saves());
         }
 
         void save_params(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &t_params)
         {
-          m_ds.get()->save_function_params(t_params);
+          m_ds->save_function_params(t_params);
         }
 
         void save_params(std::initializer_list<Boxed_Value> t_params)
         {
-          m_ds.get()->save_function_params(std::move(t_params));
+          m_ds->save_function_params(t_params);
         }
 
 
         private:
-          std::reference_wrapper<const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State> m_ds;
+          const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &m_ds;
       };
 
       /// Creates a new scope then pops it on destruction
       struct Stack_Push_Pop
       {
+        Stack_Push_Pop(Stack_Push_Pop &&) = default;
+        Stack_Push_Pop& operator=(Stack_Push_Pop &&) = default;
         Stack_Push_Pop(const Stack_Push_Pop &) = delete;
         Stack_Push_Pop& operator=(const Stack_Push_Pop &) = delete;
 
-        Stack_Push_Pop(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ds)
+        explicit Stack_Push_Pop(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ds)
           : m_ds(t_ds)
         {
-          m_ds.get()->new_stack(m_ds.get().stack_holder());
+          m_ds->new_stack(m_ds.stack_holder());
         }
 
         ~Stack_Push_Pop()
         {
-          m_ds.get()->pop_stack(m_ds.get().stack_holder());
+          m_ds->pop_stack(m_ds.stack_holder());
         }
 
 
         private:
-          std::reference_wrapper<const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State> m_ds;
+          const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &m_ds;
       };
     }
   }

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_engine.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_ENGINE_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_ENGINE_HPP_
 
@@ -17,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <set>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <vector>
+#include <cstring>
 
 #include "../chaiscript_defines.hpp"
 #include "../chaiscript_threading.hpp"
@@ -33,227 +38,31 @@
 
 #if defined(_POSIX_VERSION) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) 
 #include <dlfcn.h>
-#else
+#endif
+
+
 #ifdef CHAISCRIPT_WINDOWS
-#define VC_EXTRA_LEAN
-#if !defined(WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN)
-#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
-#endif
-#include <windows.h>
-#endif
+#include "chaiscript_windows.hpp"
+#elif _POSIX_VERSION
+#include "chaiscript_posix.hpp"
+#else
+#include "chaiscript_unknown.hpp"
 #endif
 
 
 #include "../dispatchkit/exception_specification.hpp"
-#include "chaiscript_parser.hpp"
 
 namespace chaiscript
 {
-  namespace exception
-  {
-    /// \brief Thrown if an error occurs while attempting to load a binary module
-    struct load_module_error : std::runtime_error
-    {
-      load_module_error(const std::string &t_reason) CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT
-        : std::runtime_error(t_reason)
-      {
-      }
-
-      load_module_error(const load_module_error &) = default;
-      virtual ~load_module_error() CHAISCRIPT_NOEXCEPT {}
-    };
-  }
 
   namespace detail
   {
-#if defined(_POSIX_VERSION) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) 
-    struct Loadable_Module
-    {
-      struct DLModule
-      {
-        DLModule(const std::string &t_filename)
-          : m_data(dlopen(t_filename.c_str(), RTLD_NOW))
-        {
-          if (!m_data)
-          {
-            throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error(dlerror());
-          }
-        }
-
-        DLModule(const DLModule &); // Explicitly unimplemented copy constructor
-        DLModule &operator=(const DLModule &); // Explicitly unimplemented assignment operator
-
-        ~DLModule()
-        {
-          dlclose(m_data);
-        }
-
-        void *m_data;
-      };
-
-      template<typename T>
-        struct DLSym
-        {
-          DLSym(DLModule &t_mod, const std::string &t_symbol)
-            : m_symbol(cast_symbol(dlsym(t_mod.m_data, t_symbol.c_str())))
-          {
-            if (!m_symbol)
-            {
-              throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error(dlerror());
-            }
-          }
-
-          static T cast_symbol(void *p)
-          {
-            union cast_union
-            {
-              T func_ptr;
-              void *in_ptr;
-            };
-
-            cast_union c;
-            c.in_ptr = p;
-            return c.func_ptr;
-          }
-
-          T m_symbol;
-        };
-
-      Loadable_Module(const std::string &t_module_name, const std::string &t_filename)
-        : m_dlmodule(t_filename), m_func(m_dlmodule, "create_chaiscript_module_" + t_module_name),
-        m_moduleptr(m_func.m_symbol())
-      {
-      }
-
-      DLModule m_dlmodule;
-      DLSym<Create_Module_Func> m_func;
-      ModulePtr m_moduleptr;
-    };
-#else
-
-#ifdef WIN32
-
-
-    struct Loadable_Module
-    {
-      template<typename T>
-        static std::wstring to_wstring(const T &t_str) 
-        {
-          return std::wstring(t_str.begin(), t_str.end());
-        }
-
-      template<typename T>
-        static std::string to_string(const T &t_str)
-        {
-          return std::string(t_str.begin(), t_str.end());
-        }
-
-#if defined(_UNICODE) || defined(UNICODE)
-        template<typename T>
-        static std::wstring to_proper_string(const T &t_str)
-        {
-          return to_wstring(t_str);
-        }
-#else
-      template<typename T>
-        static std::string to_proper_string(const T &t_str)
-        {
-          return to_string(t_str);
-        }
-#endif
-
-      static std::string get_error_message(DWORD t_err)
-      {
-        typedef LPTSTR StringType;
-
-#if defined(_UNICODE) || defined(UNICODE)
-        std::wstring retval = L"Unknown Error";
-#else
-        std::string retval = "Unknown Error";
-#endif
-        StringType lpMsgBuf = nullptr;
-
-        if (FormatMessage(
-            FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | 
-            FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
-            FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
-            nullptr,
-            t_err,
-            MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
-            reinterpret_cast<StringType>(&lpMsgBuf),
-            0, nullptr ) != 0 && lpMsgBuf)
-        {
-          retval = lpMsgBuf;
-          LocalFree(lpMsgBuf);
-        }
-
-        return to_string(retval);
-      }
-
-      struct DLModule
-      {
-        DLModule(const std::string &t_filename)
-          : m_data(LoadLibrary(to_proper_string(t_filename).c_str()))
-        {
-          if (!m_data)
-          {
-            throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error(get_error_message(GetLastError()));
-          }
-        }
-
-        ~DLModule()
-        {
-          FreeLibrary(m_data);
-        }
-
-        HMODULE m_data;
-      };
-
-      template<typename T>
-        struct DLSym
-        {
-          DLSym(DLModule &t_mod, const std::string &t_symbol)
-            : m_symbol(reinterpret_cast<T>(GetProcAddress(t_mod.m_data, t_symbol.c_str())))
-          {
-            if (!m_symbol)
-            {
-              throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error(get_error_message(GetLastError()));
-            }
-          }
-
-          T m_symbol;
-        };
-
-      Loadable_Module(const std::string &t_module_name, const std::string &t_filename)
-        : m_dlmodule(t_filename), m_func(m_dlmodule, "create_chaiscript_module_" + t_module_name),
-        m_moduleptr(m_func.m_symbol())
-      {
-      }
-
-      DLModule m_dlmodule;
-      DLSym<Create_Module_Func> m_func;
-      ModulePtr m_moduleptr;
-    };
-
-#else
-    struct Loadable_Module
-    {
-      Loadable_Module(const std::string &, const std::string &)
-      {
-        throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error("Loadable module support not available for your platform");
-      }
-
-      ModulePtr m_moduleptr;
-    };
-#endif
-#endif
-
     typedef std::shared_ptr<Loadable_Module> Loadable_Module_Ptr;
   }
 
 
   /// \brief The main object that the ChaiScript user will use.
-  class ChaiScript {
+  class ChaiScript_Basic {
 
     mutable chaiscript::detail::threading::shared_mutex m_mutex;
     mutable chaiscript::detail::threading::recursive_mutex m_use_mutex;
@@ -265,19 +74,16 @@ namespace chaiscript
     std::vector<std::string> m_module_paths;
     std::vector<std::string> m_use_paths;
 
+    std::unique_ptr<parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base> m_parser;
+
     chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_Engine m_engine;
 
     /// Evaluates the given string in by parsing it and running the results through the evaluator
     Boxed_Value do_eval(const std::string &t_input, const std::string &t_filename = "__EVAL__", bool /* t_internal*/  = false) 
     {
       try {
-        parser::ChaiScript_Parser parser;
-        if (parser.parse(t_input, t_filename)) {
-          //parser.show_match_stack();
-          return parser.optimized_ast()->eval(m_engine);
-        } else {
-          return Boxed_Value();
-        }
+        const auto p = m_parser->parse(t_input, t_filename);
+        return p->eval(chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State(m_engine));
       }
       catch (chaiscript::eval::detail::Return_Value &rv) {
         return rv.retval;
@@ -286,8 +92,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
 
 
-
-
     /// Evaluates the given file and looks in the 'use' paths
     const Boxed_Value internal_eval_file(const std::string &t_filename) {
       for (const auto &path : m_use_paths)
@@ -324,28 +128,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     }
 
     /// Builds all the requirements for ChaiScript, including its evaluator and a run of its prelude.
-    void build_eval_system(const ModulePtr &t_lib) {
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("def");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("fun");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("while");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("for");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("if");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("else");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("&&");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("||");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word(",");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("auto");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("return");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("break");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("true");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("false");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("class");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("attr");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("var");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("global");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("GLOBAL");
-      m_engine.add_reserved_word("_");
-
+    void build_eval_system(const ModulePtr &t_lib, const std::vector<Options> &t_opts) {
       if (t_lib)
       {
         add(t_lib);
@@ -366,9 +149,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
               })
           , "call_exists");
 
-//      m_engine.add(fun<Boxed_Value (const dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base *, const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &)>(std::bind(&chaiscript::dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base::operator(), std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2, std::ref(m_engine.conversions()))), "call");
-//
-//
 
       m_engine.add(fun(
             [=](const dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base &t_fun, const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &t_params) -> Boxed_Value {
@@ -390,23 +170,26 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
 
 
-      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_module, const std::string &t_file){ return load_module(t_module, t_file); }), "load_module");
-      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_module){ return load_module(t_module); }), "load_module");
+      if (std::find(t_opts.begin(), t_opts.end(), Options::No_Load_Modules) == t_opts.end()
+          && std::find(t_opts.begin(), t_opts.end(), Options::Load_Modules) != t_opts.end()) 
+      {
+        m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_module, const std::string &t_file){ return load_module(t_module, t_file); }), "load_module");
+        m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_module){ return load_module(t_module); }), "load_module");
+      }
+
+      if (std::find(t_opts.begin(), t_opts.end(), Options::No_External_Scripts) == t_opts.end()
+          && std::find(t_opts.begin(), t_opts.end(), Options::External_Scripts) != t_opts.end())
+      {
+        m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_file){ return use(t_file); }), "use");
+        m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_file){ return internal_eval_file(t_file); }), "eval_file");
+      }
 
-      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_file){ return use(t_file); }), "use");
-      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_file){ return internal_eval_file(t_file); }), "eval_file");
       m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_str){ return internal_eval(t_str); }), "eval");
       m_engine.add(fun([this](const AST_NodePtr &t_ast){ return eval(t_ast); }), "eval");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&parse), "parse");
 
-      m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::version_major), "version_major");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::version_minor), "version_minor");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::version_patch), "version_patch");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::version), "version");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::compiler_version), "compiler_version");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::compiler_name), "compiler_name");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::compiler_id), "compiler_id");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::debug_build), "debug_build");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_str, const bool t_dump){ return parse(t_str, t_dump); }), "parse");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_str){ return parse(t_str); }), "parse");
+
 
       m_engine.add(fun([this](const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const std::string &t_name){ add_global_const(t_bv, t_name); }), "add_global_const");
       m_engine.add(fun([this](const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const std::string &t_name){ add_global(t_bv, t_name); }), "add_global");
@@ -437,65 +220,43 @@ namespace chaiscript
       }
     }
 
+    std::vector<std::string> ensure_minimum_path_vec(std::vector<std::string> paths)
+    {
+      if (paths.empty()) { return {""}; }
+      else { return paths; }
+    }
+
   public:
+
     /// \brief Constructor for ChaiScript
     /// \param[in] t_lib Standard library to apply to this ChaiScript instance
     /// \param[in] t_modulepaths Vector of paths to search when attempting to load a binary module
     /// \param[in] t_usepaths Vector of paths to search when attempting to "use" an included ChaiScript file
-    ChaiScript(const ModulePtr &t_lib,
-               std::vector<std::string> t_modulepaths = std::vector<std::string>(),
-                      std::vector<std::string> t_usepaths = std::vector<std::string>())
-      : m_module_paths(std::move(t_modulepaths)), m_use_paths(std::move(t_usepaths))
+    ChaiScript_Basic(const ModulePtr &t_lib,
+                     std::unique_ptr<parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base> &&parser,
+                     std::vector<std::string> t_module_paths = {},
+                     std::vector<std::string> t_use_paths = {},
+                     const std::vector<chaiscript::Options> &t_opts = chaiscript::default_options())
+      : m_module_paths(ensure_minimum_path_vec(std::move(t_module_paths))),
+        m_use_paths(ensure_minimum_path_vec(std::move(t_use_paths))),
+        m_parser(std::move(parser)),
+        m_engine(*m_parser)
     {
-      if (m_module_paths.empty())
-      {
-        m_module_paths.push_back("");
-      }
-
-      if (m_use_paths.empty())
-      {
-        m_use_paths.push_back("");
-      }
-
-      build_eval_system(t_lib);
-    }
-
-    /// \brief Constructor for ChaiScript.
-    /// 
-    /// This version of the ChaiScript constructor attempts to find the stdlib module to load
-    /// at runtime generates an error if it cannot be found.
-    ///
-    /// \param[in] t_modulepaths Vector of paths to search when attempting to load a binary module
-    /// \param[in] t_usepaths Vector of paths to search when attempting to "use" an included ChaiScript file
-    ChaiScript( std::vector<std::string> t_modulepaths = std::vector<std::string>(),
-                      std::vector<std::string> t_usepaths = std::vector<std::string>())
-      : m_module_paths(std::move(t_modulepaths)), m_use_paths(std::move(t_usepaths))
-    {
-      if (m_module_paths.empty())
-      {
-        m_module_paths.push_back("");
-      }
-
-      if (m_use_paths.empty())
-      {
-        m_use_paths.push_back("");
-      }
-
 #if defined(_POSIX_VERSION) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) 
       // If on Unix, add the path of the current executable to the module search path
       // as windows would do
 
       union cast_union
       {
-        Boxed_Value (ChaiScript::*in_ptr)(const std::string&);
+        Boxed_Value (ChaiScript_Basic::*in_ptr)(const std::string&);
         void *out_ptr;
       };
 
       Dl_info rInfo; 
       memset( &rInfo, 0, sizeof(rInfo) ); 
       cast_union u;
-      u.in_ptr = &ChaiScript::use;
-      if ( dladdr(static_cast<void*>(u.out_ptr), &rInfo) && rInfo.dli_fname ) { 
+      u.in_ptr = &ChaiScript_Basic::use;
+      if ( (dladdr(static_cast<void*>(u.out_ptr), &rInfo) != 0) && (rInfo.dli_fname != nullptr) ) { 
         std::string dllpath(rInfo.dli_fname);
         const size_t lastslash = dllpath.rfind('/');
         if (lastslash != std::string::npos)
@@ -514,83 +275,63 @@ namespace chaiscript
         m_module_paths.insert(m_module_paths.begin(), dllpath+"/");
       }
 #endif
-
-
-      // attempt to load the stdlib
-      load_module("chaiscript_stdlib-" + version());
-
-      build_eval_system(ModulePtr());
+      build_eval_system(t_lib, t_opts);
     }
 
+    /// \brief Constructor for ChaiScript.
+    /// 
+    /// This version of the ChaiScript constructor attempts to find the stdlib module to load
+    /// at runtime generates an error if it cannot be found.
+    ///
+    /// \param[in] t_modulepaths Vector of paths to search when attempting to load a binary module
+    /// \param[in] t_usepaths Vector of paths to search when attempting to "use" an included ChaiScript file
+    explicit ChaiScript_Basic(std::unique_ptr<parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base> &&parser,
+                     std::vector<std::string> t_module_paths = {},
+                     std::vector<std::string> t_use_paths = {},
+                     const std::vector<chaiscript::Options> &t_opts = chaiscript::default_options())
+      : ChaiScript_Basic({}, std::move(parser), t_module_paths, t_use_paths, t_opts)
+    {
+      try {
+        // attempt to load the stdlib
+        load_module("chaiscript_stdlib-" + Build_Info::version());
+      } catch (const exception::load_module_error &t_err) {
+        std::cout << "An error occured while trying to load the chaiscript standard library.\n"
+                  << "\n"
+                  << "You must either provide a standard library, or compile it in.\n"
+                  << "For an example of compiling the standard library in,\n"
+                  << "see: https://gist.github.com/lefticus/9456197\n"
+                  << "Compiling the stdlib in is the recommended and MOST SUPPORTED method.\n"
+                  << "\n"
+                  << "\n"
+                  << t_err.what();
+        throw;
+      }
+    }
+
+    parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base &get_parser()
+    {
+      return *m_parser;
+    }
 
     const Boxed_Value eval(const AST_NodePtr &t_ast)
     {
       try {
-        return t_ast->eval(m_engine);
+        return t_ast->eval(chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State(m_engine));
       } catch (const exception::eval_error &t_ee) {
         throw Boxed_Value(t_ee);
       }
     }
 
-    static AST_NodePtr parse(const std::string &t_input)
+    AST_NodePtr parse(const std::string &t_input, const bool t_debug_print = false)
     {
-      parser::ChaiScript_Parser parser;
-      if (parser.parse(t_input, "PARSE")) {
-        //parser.show_match_stack();
-        return parser.optimized_ast();
-      } else {
-        throw chaiscript::exception::eval_error("Unknown error while parsing");
+      const auto ast = m_parser->parse(t_input, "PARSE");
+      if (t_debug_print) {
+        m_parser->debug_print(ast);
       }
+      return ast;
     }
 
 
-    static int version_major()
-    {
-      return chaiscript::version_major;
-    }
-
-    static int version_minor()
-    {
-      return chaiscript::version_minor;
-    }
-
-    static int version_patch()
-    {
-      return chaiscript::version_patch;
-    }
-
-    static std::string version()
-    {
-      return std::to_string(version_major()) + '.' + std::to_string(version_minor()) + '.' + std::to_string(version_patch());
-    }
-
-    static std::string compiler_id()
-    {
-      return compiler_name() + '-' + compiler_version();
-    }
-
-    static std::string build_id()
-    {
-      return compiler_id() + (debug_build()?"-Debug":"-Release");
-    }
-
-    static std::string compiler_version()
-    {
-      return chaiscript::compiler_version;
-    }
-
-    static std::string compiler_name()
-    {
-      return chaiscript::compiler_name;
-    }
-
-    static bool debug_build()
-    {
-      return chaiscript::debug_build;
-    }
-
-
-
     std::string get_type_name(const Type_Info &ti) const
     {
       return m_engine.get_type_name(ti);
@@ -643,8 +384,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// \param[in] t_name Name of the value to add
     /// \throw chaiscript::exception::global_non_const If t_bv is not a constant object
     /// \sa Boxed_Value::is_const
-    ChaiScript &add_global_const(const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const std::string &t_name)
+    ChaiScript_Basic &add_global_const(const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const std::string &t_name)
     {
+      Name_Validator::validate_object_name(t_name);
       m_engine.add_global_const(t_bv, t_name);
       return *this;
     }
@@ -654,14 +396,16 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// \param[in] t_name Name of the value to add
     /// \warning The user is responsible for making sure the object is thread-safe if necessary
     ///          ChaiScript is thread-safe but provides no threading locking mechanism to the script
-    ChaiScript &add_global(const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const std::string &t_name)
+    ChaiScript_Basic &add_global(const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const std::string &t_name)
     {
+      Name_Validator::validate_object_name(t_name);
       m_engine.add_global(t_bv, t_name);
       return *this;
     }
 
-    ChaiScript &set_global(const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const std::string &t_name)
+    ChaiScript_Basic &set_global(const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const std::string &t_name)
     {
+      Name_Validator::validate_object_name(t_name);
       m_engine.set_global(t_bv, t_name);
       return *this;
     }
@@ -759,8 +503,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
     ///
     /// \sa \ref adding_items
     template<typename T>
-    ChaiScript &add(const T &t_t, const std::string &t_name)
+    ChaiScript_Basic &add(const T &t_t, const std::string &t_name)
     {
+      Name_Validator::validate_object_name(t_name);
       m_engine.add(t_t, t_name);
       return *this;
     }
@@ -774,7 +519,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
     /// chai.add(chaiscript::base_class<std::runtime_error, chaiscript::dispatch_error>());
     /// \endcode
-    ChaiScript &add(const Type_Conversion &d)
+    ChaiScript_Basic &add(const Type_Conversion &d)
     {
       m_engine.add(d);
       return *this;
@@ -783,7 +528,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// \brief Adds all elements of a module to ChaiScript runtime
     /// \param[in] t_p The module to add.
     /// \sa chaiscript::Module
-    ChaiScript &add(const ModulePtr &t_p)
+    ChaiScript_Basic &add(const ModulePtr &t_p)
     {
       t_p->apply(*this, this->get_eval_engine());
       return *this;
@@ -805,7 +550,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     {
       std::vector<exception::load_module_error> errors;
       std::string version_stripped_name = t_module_name;
-      size_t version_pos = version_stripped_name.find("-"+version());
+      size_t version_pos = version_stripped_name.find("-" + Build_Info::version());
       if (version_pos != std::string::npos)
       {
         version_stripped_name.erase(version_pos);
@@ -835,21 +580,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
       }
 
-      std::string errstring;
-
-      for (std::vector<exception::load_module_error>::const_iterator itr = errors.begin();
-           itr != errors.end();
-           ++itr)
-      {
-        if (!errstring.empty())
-        {
-          errstring += "; ";
-        }
-
-        errstring += itr->what();
-      }
-
-      throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error("Unable to find module: " + t_module_name + " Errors: " + errstring);
+      throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error(t_module_name, errors);
     }
 
     /// \brief Load a binary module from a dynamic library. Works on platforms that support
@@ -886,14 +617,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// \throw chaiscript::exception::eval_error In the case that evaluation fails.
     Boxed_Value operator()(const std::string &t_script, const Exception_Handler &t_handler = Exception_Handler())
     {
-      try {
-        return do_eval(t_script);
-      } catch (Boxed_Value &bv) {
-        if (t_handler) {
-          t_handler->handle(bv, m_engine);
-        }
-        throw;
-      }
+      return eval(t_script, t_handler);
     }
 
     /// \brief Evaluates a string and returns a typesafe result.
@@ -912,21 +636,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename T>
     T eval(const std::string &t_input, const Exception_Handler &t_handler = Exception_Handler(), const std::string &t_filename="__EVAL__")
     {
-      try {
-        return m_engine.boxed_cast<T>(do_eval(t_input, t_filename));
-      } catch (Boxed_Value &bv) {
-        if (t_handler) {
-          t_handler->handle(bv, m_engine);
-        }
-        throw;
-      }
+      return m_engine.boxed_cast<T>(eval(t_input, t_handler, t_filename));
     }
 
     /// \brief casts an object while applying any Dynamic_Conversion available
     template<typename Type>
-      typename detail::Cast_Helper<Type>::Result_Type boxed_cast(const Boxed_Value &bv) const
+      decltype(auto) boxed_cast(const Boxed_Value &bv) const
       {
-        return m_engine.boxed_cast<Type>(bv);
+        return(m_engine.boxed_cast<Type>(bv));
       }
  
 
@@ -958,14 +675,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// \return result of the script execution
     /// \throw chaiscript::exception::eval_error In the case that evaluation fails.
     Boxed_Value eval_file(const std::string &t_filename, const Exception_Handler &t_handler = Exception_Handler()) {
-      try {
-        return do_eval(load_file(t_filename), t_filename);
-      } catch (Boxed_Value &bv) {
-        if (t_handler) {
-          t_handler->handle(bv, m_engine);
-        }
-        throw;
-      }
+      return eval(load_file(t_filename), t_handler, t_filename);
     }
 
     /// \brief Loads the file specified by filename, evaluates it, and returns the type safe result.
@@ -978,14 +688,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     ///        to the requested type.
     template<typename T>
     T eval_file(const std::string &t_filename, const Exception_Handler &t_handler = Exception_Handler()) {
-      try {
-        return m_engine.boxed_cast<T>(do_eval(load_file(t_filename), t_filename));
-      } catch (Boxed_Value &bv) {
-        if (t_handler) {
-          t_handler->handle(bv, m_engine);
-        }
-        throw;
-      }
+      return m_engine.boxed_cast<T>(eval_file(t_filename, t_handler));
     }
   };
 

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_optimizer.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,427 @@
+// This file is distributed under the BSD License.
+// See "license.txt" for details.
+// Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// http://www.chaiscript.com
+
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_OPTIMIZER_HPP_
+#define CHAISCRIPT_OPTIMIZER_HPP_
+
+#include "chaiscript_eval.hpp"
+
+
+namespace chaiscript {
+  namespace optimizer {
+
+    template<typename ... T>
+      struct Optimizer : T...
+    {
+      Optimizer() = default;
+      explicit Optimizer(T ... t)
+        : T(std::move(t))...
+      {
+      }
+
+      template<typename Tracer>
+      auto optimize(eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<Tracer> p) {
+        (void)std::initializer_list<int>{ (p = static_cast<T&>(*this).optimize(p), 0)... };
+        return p;
+      }
+    };
+
+    template<typename T>
+      auto child_at(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &node, const size_t offset) {
+        if (node->children[offset]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Compiled) {
+          return dynamic_cast<const eval::Compiled_AST_Node<T>&>(*node->children[offset]).m_original_node;
+        } else {
+          return node->children[offset];
+        }
+
+
+        /*
+        if (node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Compiled) {
+          return dynamic_cast<const eval::Compiled_AST_Node<T>&>(*node).m_original_node->children[offset];
+        } else {
+          return node->children[offset];
+        }
+        */
+      }
+
+    template<typename T>
+      auto child_count(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &node) {
+        if (node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Compiled) {
+          return dynamic_cast<const eval::Compiled_AST_Node<T>&>(*node).m_original_node->children.size();
+        } else {
+          return node->children.size();
+        }
+      }
+
+    template<typename T, typename Callable>
+      auto make_compiled_node(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &original_node, std::vector<eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> children, Callable callable)
+      {
+        return chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Compiled_AST_Node<T>>(original_node, std::move(children), std::move(callable));
+      }
+
+
+    struct Return {
+      template<typename T>
+      auto optimize(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &p)
+      {
+        if ( (p->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Def || p->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Lambda)
+            && !p->children.empty())
+        {
+          auto &last_child = p->children.back();
+          if (last_child->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Block) {
+            auto &block_last_child = last_child->children.back();
+            if (block_last_child->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Return) {
+              if (block_last_child->children.size() == 1) {
+                last_child->children.back() = block_last_child->children[0];
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        return p;
+      }
+    };
+
+    template<typename T>
+    bool contains_var_decl_in_scope(const T &node)
+    {
+      if (node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Var_Decl) {
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      const auto num = child_count(node);
+
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
+        const auto &child = child_at(node, i);
+        if (child->identifier != AST_Node_Type::Block
+            && child->identifier != AST_Node_Type::For
+            && contains_var_decl_in_scope(child)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    struct Block {
+      template<typename T>
+      auto optimize(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &node) {
+        if (node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Block)
+        {
+          if (!contains_var_decl_in_scope(node))
+          {
+            if (node->children.size() == 1) {
+              return node->children[0];
+            } else {
+              return chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Scopeless_Block_AST_Node<T>>(node->text, node->location, node->children);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        return node;
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct Dead_Code {
+      template<typename T>
+        auto optimize(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &node) {
+          if (node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Block)
+          {
+            std::vector<size_t> keepers;
+            const auto num_children = node->children.size();
+            keepers.reserve(num_children);
+
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < num_children; ++i) {
+              auto child = node->children[i];
+              if ( (child->identifier != AST_Node_Type::Id
+                    && child->identifier != AST_Node_Type::Constant
+                    && child->identifier != AST_Node_Type::Noop)
+                  || i == num_children - 1) {
+                keepers.push_back(i);
+              }
+            }
+
+            if (keepers.size() == num_children) {
+              return node;
+            } else {
+              std::vector<eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> new_children;
+              for (const auto x : keepers)
+              {
+                new_children.push_back(node->children[x]);
+              }
+              return chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Block_AST_Node<T>>(node->text, node->location, new_children);
+            }
+          } else {
+            return node;
+          }
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct Unused_Return {
+      template<typename T>
+        auto optimize(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &node) {
+          if ((node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Block
+              || node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Scopeless_Block)
+              && !node->children.empty())
+          {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < node->children.size()-1; ++i) {
+              auto child = node->children[i];
+              if (child->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Fun_Call) {
+                node->children[i] = chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Unused_Return_Fun_Call_AST_Node<T>>(child->text, child->location, std::move(child->children));
+              }
+            }
+          } else if ((node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::For
+                      || node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::While)
+                     && child_count(node) > 0) {
+            auto child = child_at(node, child_count(node) - 1);
+            if (child->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Block
+                || child->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Scopeless_Block)
+            {
+              auto num_sub_children = child_count(child);
+              for (size_t i = 0; i < num_sub_children; ++i) {
+                auto sub_child = child_at(child, i);
+                if (sub_child->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Fun_Call) {
+                  child->children[i] = chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Unused_Return_Fun_Call_AST_Node<T>>(sub_child->text, sub_child->location, std::move(sub_child->children));
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          return node;
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct If {
+      template<typename T>
+      auto optimize(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &node) {
+        if ((node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::If)
+             && node->children.size() >= 2
+             && node->children[0]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Constant)
+        {
+          const auto condition = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(node->children[0])->m_value;
+          if (condition.get_type_info().bare_equal_type_info(typeid(bool))) {
+            if (boxed_cast<bool>(condition)) {
+              return node->children[1];
+            } else if (node->children.size() == 3) {
+              return node->children[2];
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        return node;
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct Partial_Fold {
+      template<typename T>
+      auto optimize(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &node) {
+
+        // Fold right side
+        if (node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Binary
+            && node->children.size() == 2
+            && node->children[0]->identifier != AST_Node_Type::Constant
+            && node->children[1]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Constant)
+        {
+          try {
+            const auto &oper = node->text;
+            const auto parsed = Operators::to_operator(oper);
+            if (parsed != Operators::Opers::invalid) {
+              const auto rhs = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(node->children[1])->m_value;
+              if (rhs.get_type_info().is_arithmetic()) {
+                return chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Fold_Right_Binary_Operator_AST_Node<T>>(node->text, node->location, node->children, rhs);
+              }
+            }
+          } catch (const std::exception &) {
+            //failure to fold, that's OK
+          }
+        }
+
+        return node;
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct Constant_Fold {
+      template<typename T>
+      auto optimize(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &node) {
+
+        if (node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Prefix
+            && node->children.size() == 1
+            && node->children[0]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Constant)
+        {
+          try {
+            const auto &oper = node->text;
+            const auto parsed = Operators::to_operator(oper, true);
+            const auto lhs = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(node->children[0])->m_value;
+            const auto match = oper + node->children[0]->text;
+
+            if (parsed != Operators::Opers::invalid && parsed != Operators::Opers::bitwise_and && lhs.get_type_info().is_arithmetic()) {
+              const auto val  = Boxed_Number::do_oper(parsed, lhs);
+              return chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(std::move(match), node->location, std::move(val));
+            } else if (lhs.get_type_info().bare_equal_type_info(typeid(bool)) && oper == "!") {
+              return chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(std::move(match), node->location, Boxed_Value(!boxed_cast<bool>(lhs)));
+            }
+          } catch (const std::exception &) {
+            //failure to fold, that's OK
+          }
+        } else if ((node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Logical_And || node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Logical_Or)
+            && node->children.size() == 2
+            && node->children[0]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Constant
+            && node->children[1]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Constant)
+        {
+          try {
+            const auto lhs = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(node->children[0])->m_value;
+            const auto rhs = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(node->children[1])->m_value;
+            if (lhs.get_type_info().bare_equal_type_info(typeid(bool)) && rhs.get_type_info().bare_equal_type_info(typeid(bool))) {
+              const auto match = node->children[0]->text + " " + node->text + " " + node->children[1]->text;
+              const auto val = [lhs_val = boxed_cast<bool>(lhs), rhs_val = boxed_cast<bool>(rhs), id = node->identifier] {
+                if (id == AST_Node_Type::Logical_And) { return Boxed_Value(lhs_val && rhs_val); }
+                else { return Boxed_Value(lhs_val || rhs_val); }
+              }();
+
+              return chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(std::move(match), node->location, std::move(val));
+            }
+          } catch (const std::exception &) {
+            //failure to fold, that's OK
+          }
+        } else if (node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Binary
+            && node->children.size() == 2
+            && node->children[0]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Constant
+            && node->children[1]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Constant)
+        {
+          try {
+            const auto &oper = node->text;
+            const auto parsed = Operators::to_operator(oper);
+            if (parsed != Operators::Opers::invalid) {
+              const auto lhs = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(node->children[0])->m_value;
+              const auto rhs = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(node->children[1])->m_value;
+              if (lhs.get_type_info().is_arithmetic() && rhs.get_type_info().is_arithmetic()) {
+                const auto val  = Boxed_Number::do_oper(parsed, lhs, rhs);
+                const auto match = node->children[0]->text + " " + oper + " " + node->children[1]->text;
+                return chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(std::move(match), node->location, std::move(val));
+              }
+            }
+          } catch (const std::exception &) {
+            //failure to fold, that's OK
+          }
+        } else if (node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Fun_Call
+                   && node->children.size() == 2
+                   && node->children[0]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Id
+                   && node->children[1]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Arg_List
+                   && node->children[1]->children.size() == 1
+                   && node->children[1]->children[0]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Constant) {
+
+          const auto arg = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(node->children[1]->children[0])->m_value;
+          if (arg.get_type_info().is_arithmetic()) {
+            const auto &fun_name = node->children[0]->text;
+
+            const auto make_constant = [&node, &fun_name](auto val){
+              const auto match = fun_name + "(" + node->children[1]->children[0]->text + ")";
+              return chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(std::move(match), node->location, Boxed_Value(val));
+            };
+
+            if (fun_name == "double") {
+              return make_constant(Boxed_Number(arg).get_as<double>());
+            } else if (fun_name == "int") {
+              return make_constant(Boxed_Number(arg).get_as<int>());
+            } else if (fun_name == "float") {
+              return make_constant(Boxed_Number(arg).get_as<float>());
+            } else if (fun_name == "long") {
+              return make_constant(Boxed_Number(arg).get_as<long>());
+            } else if (fun_name == "size_t") {
+              return make_constant(Boxed_Number(arg).get_as<size_t>());
+            }
+
+
+          }
+
+        }
+
+        return node;
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct For_Loop {
+      template<typename T>
+      auto optimize(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &for_node) {
+
+        if (for_node->identifier != AST_Node_Type::For) {
+          return for_node;
+        }
+
+        const auto eq_node = child_at(for_node, 0);
+        const auto binary_node = child_at(for_node, 1);
+        const auto prefix_node = child_at(for_node, 2);
+
+        if (eq_node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Equation
+            && child_count(eq_node) == 2
+            && child_at(eq_node, 0)->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Var_Decl
+            && child_at(eq_node, 1)->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Constant
+            && binary_node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Binary
+            && binary_node->text == "<"
+            && child_count(binary_node) == 2
+            && child_at(binary_node, 0)->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Id
+            && child_at(binary_node, 0)->text == child_at(child_at(eq_node,0), 0)->text
+            && child_at(binary_node, 1)->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Constant
+            && prefix_node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Prefix
+            && prefix_node->text == "++"
+            && child_count(prefix_node) == 1
+            && child_at(prefix_node, 0)->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Id
+            && child_at(prefix_node, 0)->text == child_at(child_at(eq_node,0), 0)->text)
+        {
+          const Boxed_Value &begin = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<const eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(child_at(eq_node, 1))->m_value;
+          const Boxed_Value &end = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<const eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(child_at(binary_node, 1))->m_value;
+          const std::string &id = child_at(prefix_node, 0)->text;
+
+          if (begin.get_type_info().bare_equal(user_type<int>()) 
+              && end.get_type_info().bare_equal(user_type<int>())) {
+
+            const auto start_int = boxed_cast<int>(begin);
+            const auto end_int = boxed_cast<int>(end);
+
+            const auto body = child_at(for_node, 3);
+
+            return make_compiled_node(for_node, {body}, 
+                [id, start_int, end_int](const std::vector<eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> &children, const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) {
+                  assert(children.size() == 1);
+                  chaiscript::eval::detail::Scope_Push_Pop spp(t_ss);
+
+                  int i = start_int;
+                  t_ss.add_object(id, var(&i));
+
+                  try {
+                    for (; i < end_int; ++i) {
+                      try {
+                        // Body of Loop
+                        children[0]->eval(t_ss);
+                      } catch (eval::detail::Continue_Loop &) {
+                        // we got a continue exception, which means all of the remaining 
+                        // loop implementation is skipped and we just need to continue to
+                        // the next iteration step
+                      }
+                    }
+                  } catch (eval::detail::Break_Loop &) {
+                    // loop broken
+                  }
+
+                  return void_var();
+                }
+            );
+          } else {
+            return for_node;
+          }
+        } else {
+          return for_node;
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    typedef Optimizer<optimizer::Partial_Fold, optimizer::Unused_Return, optimizer::Constant_Fold, 
+      optimizer::If, optimizer::Return, optimizer::Dead_Code, optimizer::Block, optimizer::For_Loop> Optimizer_Default; 
+
+  }
+}
+
+
+#endif

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_posix.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// This file is distributed under the BSD License.
+// See "license.txt" for details.
+// Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// http://www.chaiscript.com
+
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_POSIX_HPP_
+#define CHAISCRIPT_POSIX_HPP_
+
+namespace chaiscript
+{
+  namespace detail
+  {
+    struct Loadable_Module
+    {
+      struct DLModule
+      {
+        explicit DLModule(const std::string &t_filename)
+          : m_data(dlopen(t_filename.c_str(), RTLD_NOW))
+        {
+          if (m_data == nullptr)
+          {
+            throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error(dlerror());
+          }
+        }
+
+        DLModule(DLModule &&) = default;
+        DLModule &operator=(DLModule &&) = default;
+        DLModule(const DLModule &) = delete;
+        DLModule &operator=(const DLModule &) = delete;
+
+        ~DLModule()
+        {
+          dlclose(m_data);
+        }
+
+        void *m_data;
+      };
+
+      template<typename T>
+        struct DLSym
+        {
+          DLSym(DLModule &t_mod, const std::string &t_symbol)
+            : m_symbol(cast_symbol(dlsym(t_mod.m_data, t_symbol.c_str())))
+          {
+            if (!m_symbol)
+            {
+              throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error(dlerror());
+            }
+          }
+
+          static T cast_symbol(void *p)
+          {
+            union cast_union
+            {
+              T func_ptr;
+              void *in_ptr;
+            };
+
+            cast_union c;
+            c.in_ptr = p;
+            return c.func_ptr;
+          }
+
+          T m_symbol;
+        };
+
+      Loadable_Module(const std::string &t_module_name, const std::string &t_filename)
+        : m_dlmodule(t_filename), m_func(m_dlmodule, "create_chaiscript_module_" + t_module_name),
+        m_moduleptr(m_func.m_symbol())
+      {
+      }
+
+      DLModule m_dlmodule;
+      DLSym<Create_Module_Func> m_func;
+      ModulePtr m_moduleptr;
+    };
+  }
+}
+#endif
+

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_prelude.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// and Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// and 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_PRELUDE_HPP_
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 namespace chaiscript {
 struct ChaiScript_Prelude { 
-  static std::string chaiscript_prelude() {  return R""(
+  static std::string chaiscript_prelude() {  return R"chaiscript(
 
 def lt(l, r) { 
   if (call_exists(`<`, l, r)) { 
@@ -215,6 +215,29 @@ def for_each(container, func) : call_exists(range, container) {
   } 
 } 
 
+def any_of(container, func) : call_exists(range, container) { 
+  var t_range := range(container); 
+  while (!t_range.empty()) { 
+    if (func(t_range.front())) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    t_range.pop_front(); 
+  }
+  false;
+}
+
+def all_of(container, func) : call_exists(range, container) { 
+  var t_range := range(container); 
+  while (!t_range.empty()) { 
+    if (!func(t_range.front())) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    t_range.pop_front(); 
+  }
+
+  true;
+}
+
 def back_inserter(container) {
   bind(push_back, container, _);
 }
@@ -530,7 +553,7 @@ def find(container, value) {
 } 
 
 
-)"";
+)chaiscript";
 }
 
 };

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_prelude_docs.hpp

@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ class Function
     /// \endcode
     Vector get_contained_functions() const;
 
-    /// \brief Returns a vector of the contained functions
+    /// \brief Returns a function guard as function
     /// 
     /// Example:
     /// \code

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_tracer.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// This file is distributed under the BSD License.
+// See "license.txt" for details.
+// Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// http://www.chaiscript.com
+
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_TRACER_HPP_
+#define CHAISCRIPT_TRACER_HPP_
+
+namespace chaiscript {
+  namespace eval {
+
+
+    struct Noop_Tracer_Detail
+    {
+      template<typename T>
+        void trace(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &, const AST_Node_Impl<T> *)
+        {
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename ... T>
+      struct Tracer : T...
+    {
+      Tracer() = default;
+      explicit Tracer(T ... t)
+        : T(std::move(t))...
+      {
+      }
+
+      void do_trace(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &ds, const AST_Node_Impl<Tracer<T...>> *node) {
+        (void)std::initializer_list<int>{ (static_cast<T&>(*this).trace(ds, node), 0)... };
+      }
+
+      static void trace(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &ds, const AST_Node_Impl<Tracer<T...>> *node) {
+        ds->get_parser().get_tracer<Tracer<T...>>().do_trace(ds, node);
+      }
+    };
+
+    typedef Tracer<Noop_Tracer_Detail> Noop_Tracer;
+
+  }
+}
+
+#endif
+

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_unknown.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// This file is distributed under the BSD License.
+// See "license.txt" for details.
+// Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// http://www.chaiscript.com
+
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_UNKNOWN_HPP_
+#define CHAISCRIPT_UNKNOWN_HPP_
+
+
+namespace chaiscript
+{
+  namespace detail
+  {
+    struct Loadable_Module
+    {
+      Loadable_Module(const std::string &, const std::string &)
+      {
+        throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error("Loadable module support not available for your platform");
+      }
+
+      ModulePtr m_moduleptr;
+    };
+  }
+}
+#endif
+

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_windows.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// This file is distributed under the BSD License.
+// See "license.txt" for details.
+// Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// http://www.chaiscript.com
+
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_WINDOWS_HPP_
+#define CHAISCRIPT_WINDOWS_HPP_
+
+#include <string>
+
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_WINDOWS
+#define VC_EXTRA_LEAN
+#if !defined(WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN)
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+
+namespace chaiscript
+{
+  namespace detail
+  {
+    struct Loadable_Module
+    {
+      template<typename T>
+        static std::wstring to_wstring(const T &t_str) 
+        {
+          return std::wstring(t_str.begin(), t_str.end());
+        }
+
+      template<typename T>
+        static std::string to_string(const T &t_str)
+        {
+          return std::string(t_str.begin(), t_str.end());
+        }
+
+#if defined(_UNICODE) || defined(UNICODE)
+        template<typename T>
+        static std::wstring to_proper_string(const T &t_str)
+        {
+          return to_wstring(t_str);
+        }
+#else
+      template<typename T>
+        static std::string to_proper_string(const T &t_str)
+        {
+          return to_string(t_str);
+        }
+#endif
+
+      static std::string get_error_message(DWORD t_err)
+      {
+        typedef LPTSTR StringType;
+
+#if defined(_UNICODE) || defined(UNICODE)
+        std::wstring retval = L"Unknown Error";
+#else
+        std::string retval = "Unknown Error";
+#endif
+        StringType lpMsgBuf = nullptr;
+
+        if (FormatMessage(
+            FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | 
+            FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
+            FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
+            nullptr,
+            t_err,
+            MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
+            reinterpret_cast<StringType>(&lpMsgBuf),
+            0, nullptr ) != 0 && lpMsgBuf)
+        {
+          retval = lpMsgBuf;
+          LocalFree(lpMsgBuf);
+        }
+
+        return to_string(retval);
+      }
+
+      struct DLModule
+      {
+        explicit DLModule(const std::string &t_filename)
+          : m_data(LoadLibrary(to_proper_string(t_filename).c_str()))
+        {
+          if (!m_data)
+          {
+            throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error(get_error_message(GetLastError()));
+          }
+        }
+
+        DLModule(DLModule &&) = default;
+        DLModule &operator=(DLModule &&) = default;
+        DLModule(const DLModule &) = delete;
+        DLModule &operator=(const DLModule &) = delete;
+
+        ~DLModule()
+        {
+          FreeLibrary(m_data);
+        }
+
+        HMODULE m_data;
+      };
+
+      template<typename T>
+        struct DLSym
+        {
+          DLSym(DLModule &t_mod, const std::string &t_symbol)
+            : m_symbol(reinterpret_cast<T>(GetProcAddress(t_mod.m_data, t_symbol.c_str())))
+          {
+            if (!m_symbol)
+            {
+              throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error(get_error_message(GetLastError()));
+            }
+          }
+
+          T m_symbol;
+        };
+
+      Loadable_Module(const std::string &t_module_name, const std::string &t_filename)
+        : m_dlmodule(t_filename), m_func(m_dlmodule, "create_chaiscript_module_" + t_module_name),
+        m_moduleptr(m_func.m_symbol())
+      {
+      }
+
+      DLModule m_dlmodule;
+      DLSym<Create_Module_Func> m_func;
+      ModulePtr m_moduleptr;
+    };
+  }
+}
+#endif 
+

include/chaiscript/utility/fnv1a.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// This file is distributed under the BSD License.
+// See "license.txt" for details.
+// Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// http://www.chaiscript.com
+
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_UTILITY_FNV1A_HPP_
+#define CHAISCRIPT_UTILITY_FNV1A_HPP_
+
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include "../chaiscript_defines.hpp"
+
+
+namespace chaiscript
+{
+
+
+  namespace utility
+  {
+
+
+    static constexpr std::uint32_t fnv1a_32(const char *s, std::uint32_t h = 0x811c9dc5) {
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4307)
+#endif
+      return (*s == 0) ? h : fnv1a_32(s+1, ((h ^ (*s)) * 0x01000193));
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+    }
+
+
+  }
+
+
+}
+
+#endif

include/chaiscript/utility/json_wrap.hpp

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ namespace chaiscript
   {
     public:
 
-      static ModulePtr library(ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
+      static Module& library(Module& m)
       {
 
-        m->add(chaiscript::fun([](const std::string &t_str) { return from_json(t_str); }), "from_json");
-        m->add(chaiscript::fun(&json_wrap::to_json), "to_json");
+        m.add(chaiscript::fun([](const std::string &t_str) { return from_json(t_str); }), "from_json");
+        m.add(chaiscript::fun(&json_wrap::to_json), "to_json");
 
         return m;
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
             {
               std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value> m;
 
-              for (const auto &p : t_json.ObjectRange())
+              for (const auto &p : t_json.object_range())
               {
                 m.insert(std::make_pair(p.first, from_json(p.second)));
               }
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
             {
               std::vector<Boxed_Value> vec;
 
-              for (const auto &p : t_json.ArrayRange()) 
+              for (const auto &p : t_json.array_range()) 
               {
                 vec.emplace_back(from_json(p));
               }
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ namespace chaiscript
               return Boxed_Value(vec);
             }
           case json::JSON::Class::String:
-            return Boxed_Value(t_json.ToString());
+            return Boxed_Value(t_json.to_string());
           case json::JSON::Class::Floating:
-            return Boxed_Value(t_json.ToFloat());
+            return Boxed_Value(t_json.to_float());
           case json::JSON::Class::Integral:
-            return Boxed_Value(t_json.ToInt());
+            return Boxed_Value(t_json.to_int());
           case json::JSON::Class::Boolean:
-            return Boxed_Value(t_json.ToBool());
+            return Boxed_Value(t_json.to_bool());
         }
 
         throw std::runtime_error("Unknown JSON type");
@@ -102,32 +102,24 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         try {
           Boxed_Number bn(t_bv);
-          json::JSON obj;
           if (Boxed_Number::is_floating_point(t_bv))
           {
-            obj = bn.get_as<double>();
+            return json::JSON(bn.get_as<double>());
           } else {
-            obj = bn.get_as<long>();
+            return json::JSON(bn.get_as<long>());
           }
-          return obj;
         } catch (const chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast &) {
           // not a number
         }
 
         try {
-          bool b = boxed_cast<bool>(t_bv);
-          json::JSON obj;
-          obj = b;
-          return obj;
+          return json::JSON(boxed_cast<bool>(t_bv));
         } catch (const chaiscript::exception::bad_boxed_cast &) {
           // not a bool
         }
 
         try {
-          std::string s = boxed_cast<std::string>(t_bv);
-          json::JSON obj;
-          obj = s;
-          return obj;
+          return json::JSON(boxed_cast<std::string>(t_bv));
         } catch (const chaiscript::exception::bad_boxed_cast &) {
           // not a string
         }

include/chaiscript/utility/static_string.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// This file is distributed under the BSD License.
+// See "license.txt" for details.
+// Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// http://www.chaiscript.com
+
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_UTILITY_STATIC_STRING_HPP_
+#define CHAISCRIPT_UTILITY_STATIC_STRING_HPP_
+
+namespace chaiscript
+{
+  namespace utility
+  {
+
+    struct Static_String
+    {
+      template<size_t N>
+        constexpr Static_String(const char (&str)[N])
+        : m_size(N-1), data(&str[0])
+        {
+        }
+
+      constexpr size_t size() const {
+        return m_size;
+      }
+
+      constexpr const char *c_str() const {
+        return data;
+      }
+
+      const size_t m_size;
+      const char *data = nullptr;
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#endif

include/chaiscript/utility/utility.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_UTILITY_UTILITY_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_UTILITY_UTILITY_HPP_
 
@@ -12,9 +16,8 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "../chaiscript.hpp"
-#include "../dispatchkit/proxy_functions.hpp"
-#include "../dispatchkit/type_info.hpp"
+#include "../language/chaiscript_common.hpp"
+#include "../dispatchkit/register_function.hpp"
 #include "../dispatchkit/operators.hpp"
 
 
@@ -69,11 +72,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       typename std::enable_if<std::is_enum<Enum>::value, void>::type
       add_class(ModuleType &t_module,
         const std::string &t_class_name,
-#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_GCC_4_6
-        const std::vector<std::pair<int, std::string>> &t_constants
-#else
         const std::vector<std::pair<typename std::underlying_type<Enum>::type, std::string>> &t_constants
-#endif
         )
       {
         t_module.add(chaiscript::user_type<Enum>(), t_class_name);
@@ -82,24 +81,41 @@ namespace chaiscript
         t_module.add(chaiscript::constructor<Enum (const Enum &)>(), t_class_name);
 
         using namespace chaiscript::bootstrap::operators;
-        t_module.add([](){
-              // add some comparison and assignment operators
-              return assign<Enum>(not_equal<Enum>(equal<Enum>()));
-            }());
+        equal<Enum>(t_module);
+        not_equal<Enum>(t_module);
+        assign<Enum>(t_module);
 
-#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_GCC_4_6
         t_module.add(chaiscript::fun([](const Enum &e, const int &i) { return e == i; }), "==");
         t_module.add(chaiscript::fun([](const int &i, const Enum &e) { return i == e; }), "==");
-#else
-        t_module.add(chaiscript::fun([](const Enum &e, const typename std::underlying_type<Enum>::type &i) { return e == i; }), "==");
-        t_module.add(chaiscript::fun([](const typename std::underlying_type<Enum>::type &i, const Enum &e) { return i == e; }), "==");
-#endif
 
         for (const auto &constant : t_constants)
         {
           t_module.add_global_const(chaiscript::const_var(Enum(constant.first)), constant.second);
         }
       }
+
+    template<typename EnumClass, typename ModuleType>
+      typename std::enable_if<std::is_enum<EnumClass>::value, void>::type
+      add_class(ModuleType &t_module,
+        const std::string &t_class_name,
+        const std::vector<std::pair<EnumClass, std::string>> &t_constants
+        )
+      {
+        t_module.add(chaiscript::user_type<EnumClass>(), t_class_name);
+
+        t_module.add(chaiscript::constructor<EnumClass()>(), t_class_name);
+        t_module.add(chaiscript::constructor<EnumClass(const EnumClass &)>(), t_class_name);
+
+        using namespace chaiscript::bootstrap::operators;
+        equal<EnumClass>(t_module);
+        not_equal<EnumClass>(t_module);
+        assign<EnumClass>(t_module);
+
+        for (const auto &constant : t_constants)
+        {
+          t_module.add_global_const(chaiscript::const_var(EnumClass(constant.first)), constant.second);
+        }
+      }
   }
 }
 

readme.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+<a href="https://www.patreon.com/bePatron?u=2977989&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.patreon.com%2Flefticus">
+    <img height="40" width="204" src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/widget-images/become-patron-widget-medium%402x.png">
+</a>
+
+
 Master Status: [![Linux Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/ChaiScript/ChaiScript.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/ChaiScript/ChaiScript) [![Windows Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/6u3r4s81kkjqmsqw?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/lefticus/chaiscript) [![codecov.io](http://codecov.io/github/ChaiScript/ChaiScript/coverage.svg?branch=master)](http://codecov.io/github/ChaiScript/ChaiScript?branch=master)
 
 Develop Status: [![Linux Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/ChaiScript/ChaiScript.png?branch=develop)](https://travis-ci.org/ChaiScript/ChaiScript) [![Windows Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/6u3r4s81kkjqmsqw/branch/develop?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/lefticus/chaiscript/branch/develop) [![codecov.io](http://codecov.io/github/ChaiScript/ChaiScript/coverage.svg?branch=develop)](http://codecov.io/github/ChaiScript/ChaiScript?branch=develop)
@@ -12,7 +17,7 @@ ChaiScript
 http://www.chaiscript.com
 
 (c) 2009-2012 Jonathan Turner
-(c) 2009-2016 Jason Turner
+(c) 2009-2017 Jason Turner
 
 Release under the BSD license, see "license.txt" for details.
 
@@ -38,10 +43,9 @@ languages:
 Requirements
 ============
 
-ChaiScript requires a C++11 compiler to build with support for variadic 
-templates.  It has been tested with gcc 4.6 and clang 3.1 (with libcxx). MacOS 
-10.8 (Mountain Lion) is also known to support the C++11 build with Apple's 
-clang 4.0. MSVC 2013 or newer is supports also. For more information see the build 
+ChaiScript requires a C++14 compiler to build with support for variadic 
+templates.  It has been tested with gcc 4.9 and clang 3.6 (with libcxx). 
+For more information see the build 
 [dashboard](http://chaiscript.com/ChaiScript-BuildResults/index.html).
 
 Usage

releasenotes.md

@@ -1,6 +1,67 @@
 Notes:
 =======
-Current Version: 5.8.2
+Current Version: 6.0.0
+
+### Changes since 5.8.6
+
+*6.0.0 is a massive rework compared to 5.x. It now requires a C++14 enabled compiler*
+
+#### Compiler Requirements
+
+* MSVC 2015 or greater
+* g++ 4.9 or greater
+* clang 3.6 or greater
+
+#### Breaking Changes
+
+* Instantiating a ChaiScript object now, by default, builds the stdlib in
+  * This was done to address the most common support issues of loading stdlib dynamically at runtime
+  * If you want the old behavior, use include/chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp
+* Headers have been reorganized to fully separate stdlib/parser/engine from each other (some faster builds)
+* Bootstrap functions no longer return a reference to the module added to (compile time savings)
+* It's now no longer possible modify AST_Nodes (compile time, runtime efficiency)
+* Function annotations no longer exist (simplifies code, reduces compile time, compile size)
+
+#### New Features Added
+
+* Modular optimization system; this can be accessed via the ChaiScript_Basic interface
+* Execution tracing capability; also accessed via ChaiScript_Basic interface
+* range-based for loops `for( id : container ) { }` (much better performance than other loop types)
+* If-init expressions (ala C++17)
+* Support for passing r-value references to functions
+* Support for containing unique_ptr
+* Add helpers for exposing enum classes to ChaiScript
+* Allow typed ChaiScript defined functions to perform conversions on call #303
+
+#### Improvements
+
+* Compile time improvements
+* Compile size improvements
+* Significant runtime improvements (see "Modular optimization system")
+* Significant parser improvements, both with parse-time and parser initialization time (Thanks @niXman)
+* Fix type conversion to bool in conditionals
+
+#### Improvements Still Need To Be Made
+
+* File location tracking has been rewritten; this currently means error location reporting is not as good as it was
+* Tracing capability needs to be tested and vetted
+
+### Changes since 5.8.5
+* Optimize away `return` statements in lambdas also
+* Allow conversions to bool in conditionals
+* Don't allow `class` statements inside of scopes
+* Properly error when a dynamic object non-function member is called
+
+### Changes since 5.8.4
+* Fix order of operations for prefix operators
+* Make sure atomics are initialized properly
+* Remove parsing of unused prefix `&` operator
+
+### Changes since 5.8.3
+* Fix case with some numeric conversions mixed with numerics that do not need conversion
+
+### Changes since 5.8.2
+* Add support for reference of pointer return types
 
 ### Changes since 5.8.1
 * Allow casting to non-const & std::shared_ptr<T>

samples/example.cpp

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ int main(int /*argc*/, char * /*argv*/[]) {
 
   //Create a new system object and share it with the chaiscript engine
   System system;
-  chai.add(var(&system), "system");
+  chai.add_global(var(&system), "system");
 
   //Add a bound callback method
   chai.add(fun(&System::add_callback, std::ref(system)), "add_callback_bound");
@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@ int main(int /*argc*/, char * /*argv*/[]) {
   // A shortcut to using eval is just to use the chai operator()
   chai("log(\"Test Module\", \"Test Message\");");
 
-  //Finally, it is possible to register any std::function as a system function, in this 
+  //Finally, it is possible to register a lambda as a system function, in this 
   //way, we can, for instance add a bound member function to the system
-  chai.add(fun(&System::do_callbacks, std::ref(system), std::string("Bound Test")), "do_callbacks");
+  chai.add(fun([&system](){ return system.do_callbacks("Bound Test"); }), "do_callbacks");
 
   //Call bound version of do_callbacks
   chai("do_callbacks()");

samples/factory.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp>
 
 class Entity
 {
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ class Factory
 
 int main()
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai(chaiscript::Std_Lib::library());
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
 
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Entity::width), "width");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Entity::height), "height");

samples/fun_call_performance.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #include <iostream>
 #include <list>
 #include <regex>
@@ -13,7 +17,6 @@
 #endif
 
 #include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp>
 
 #ifdef READLINE_AVAILABLE
 #include <readline/readline.h>
@@ -291,7 +294,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   }
 
   //chaiscript::ChaiScript chai(modulepaths, usepaths);
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai(chaiscript::Std_Lib::library(), usepaths);
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai(usepaths);
 
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&myexit), "exit");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&myexit), "quit");

samples/inheritance.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp>
 
 class BaseClass
 {
@@ -44,14 +43,14 @@ class ChaiScriptDerived : public BaseClass
       tie(t_funcs.at(1), m_validateValueImpl);
     }
 
-    std::string doSomething(float f, double d) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+    std::string doSomething(float f, double d) const override
     {
       assert(m_doSomethingImpl);
       return m_doSomethingImpl(*this, f, d);
     }
 
   protected:
-    bool validateValue(const std::string &t_val) CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
+    bool validateValue(const std::string &t_val) override
     {
       assert(m_validateValueImpl);
       return m_validateValueImpl(*this, t_val);
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ class ChaiScriptDerived : public BaseClass
 
 int main()
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai(chaiscript::Std_Lib::library());
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&BaseClass::doSomething), "doSomething");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&BaseClass::setValue), "setValue");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&BaseClass::getValue), "getValue");

samples/memory_leak_test.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include <iostream>
 
 #include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp>
 
 #ifdef READLINE_AVAILABLE
 #include <readline/readline.h>
@@ -32,16 +31,9 @@ void function(void)
 class test
 {
   chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript::State backupState;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript::State backupState = chai.get_state();
 
   public:
-  test()
-    : chai(chaiscript::Std_Lib::library())
-  {
-    backupState = chai.get_state();
-  }
-  ~test(){}
-
   void ResetState()
   {
     chai.set_state(backupState);

samples/test_num_exceptions.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 #include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp>
 #include <chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap_stl.hpp>
 #include <chaiscript/dispatchkit/function_call.hpp>
 
 int main( int /*argc*/ , char * /*argv*/[] )
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript ch( chaiscript::Std_Lib::library( ) );
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript ch;
 
 
   try

src/main.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #include <iostream>
 #include <list>
 #include <regex>
@@ -12,7 +16,10 @@
 #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
 #endif
 
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp>
+#include "../static_libs/chaiscript_parser.hpp"
+#include "../static_libs/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp"
+
 
 #ifdef READLINE_AVAILABLE
 #include <readline/readline.h>
@@ -22,7 +29,7 @@
 char *mystrdup (const char *s) {
   size_t len = strlen(s); // Space for length plus nul
   char *d = static_cast<char*>(malloc (len+1));
-  if (d == nullptr) return nullptr;          // No memory
+  if (d == nullptr) { return nullptr; }         // No memory
 #ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
   strcpy_s(d, len+1, s);                        // Copy the characters
 #else
@@ -41,7 +48,7 @@ char* readline(const char* p)
 }
 
 
-void add_history(const char*){}
+void add_history(const char* /*unused*/){}
 void using_history(){}
 #endif
 
@@ -113,7 +120,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> default_search_paths()
   {
     Dl_info rInfo;
     memset( &rInfo, 0, sizeof(rInfo) ); 
-    if ( !dladdr(cast_module_symbol(&default_search_paths), &rInfo)  || !rInfo.dli_fname ) { 
+    if ( dladdr(cast_module_symbol(&default_search_paths), &rInfo) == 0 || rInfo.dli_fname == nullptr ) { 
       return paths;
     }
 
@@ -125,7 +132,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> default_search_paths()
   size_t secondtolastslash = exepath.rfind('/', lastslash - 1);
   if (lastslash != std::string::npos)
   {
-    paths.push_back(exepath.substr(0, lastslash));
+    paths.push_back(exepath.substr(0, lastslash+1));
   }
 
   if (secondtolastslash != std::string::npos)
@@ -181,7 +188,7 @@ std::string get_next_command() {
   std::string retval("quit");
   if ( ! std::cin.eof() ) {
     char *input_raw = readline("eval> ");
-    if ( input_raw ) {
+    if ( input_raw != nullptr ) {
       add_history(input_raw);
 
       std::string val(input_raw);
@@ -217,7 +224,7 @@ void myexit(int return_val) {
   exit(return_val);
 }
 
-void interactive(chaiscript::ChaiScript& chai)
+void interactive(chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic& chai)
 {
   using_history();
 
@@ -237,7 +244,7 @@ void interactive(chaiscript::ChaiScript& chai)
     }
     catch (const chaiscript::exception::eval_error &ee) {
       std::cout << ee.what();
-      if (ee.call_stack.size() > 0) {
+      if ( !ee.call_stack.empty() ) {
         std::cout << "during evaluation at (" << ee.call_stack[0]->start().line << ", " << ee.call_stack[0]->start().column << ")";
       }
       std::cout << '\n';
@@ -274,7 +281,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
   std::vector<std::string> usepaths;
   usepaths.push_back("");
-  if (usepath)
+  if (usepath != nullptr)
   {
     usepaths.push_back(usepath);
   }
@@ -283,12 +290,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   std::vector<std::string> searchpaths = default_search_paths();
   modulepaths.insert(modulepaths.end(), searchpaths.begin(), searchpaths.end());
   modulepaths.push_back("");
-  if (modulepath)
+  if (modulepath != nullptr)
   {
     modulepaths.push_back(modulepath);
   }
 
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai(modulepaths,usepaths);
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser(),modulepaths,usepaths);
 
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&myexit), "exit");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&myexit), "quit");
@@ -305,7 +312,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
       ++i;
     }
 
-    std::string arg( i ? argv[i] : "--interactive" );
+    std::string arg( i != 0 ? argv[i] : "--interactive" );
 
     enum { eInteractive
          , eCommand
@@ -316,9 +323,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
       if ( (i+1) >= argc ) {
         std::cout << "insufficient input following " << arg << '\n';
         return EXIT_FAILURE;
-      } else {
+      } 
         arg = argv[++i];
-      }
+      
     } else if ( arg == "-" || arg == "--stdin" ) {
       arg = "" ;
       std::string line;
@@ -371,6 +378,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         return EXIT_FAILURE;
       }
     }
+    catch (const chaiscript::exception::load_module_error &e) {
+      std::cout << "Unhandled module load error\n" << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
 
 //    catch (std::exception &e) {
 //      std::cout << e.what() << '\n';

src/stl_extra.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp>
 #include <chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap_stl.hpp>
 #include <list>
 #include <string>
@@ -23,9 +27,9 @@
 
 CHAISCRIPT_MODULE_EXPORT chaiscript::ModulePtr create_chaiscript_module_stl_extra()
 {
-
-  auto module = chaiscript::bootstrap::standard_library::list_type<std::list<chaiscript::Boxed_Value> >("List");
-  module->add(chaiscript::bootstrap::standard_library::vector_type<std::vector<uint16_t> >("u16vector"));
+  auto module = std::make_shared<chaiscript::Module>();
+  chaiscript::bootstrap::standard_library::list_type<std::list<chaiscript::Boxed_Value> >("List", *module);
+  chaiscript::bootstrap::standard_library::vector_type<std::vector<uint16_t> >("u16vector", *module);
   module->add(chaiscript::vector_conversion<std::vector<uint16_t>>());
   return module;
 }

src/test_module.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp>
 #include <chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap.hpp>
 #include <string>
 
@@ -8,18 +8,10 @@
 class TestBaseType
 {
   public:
-#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC_12
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4351)
-#endif
-    // MSVC 12 warns that we are using new (correct) behavior 
     TestBaseType() : val(10), const_val(15), mdarray{} { }
     TestBaseType(int) : val(10), const_val(15), mdarray{} { }
     TestBaseType(int *) : val(10), const_val(15), mdarray{} { }
-#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC_12
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif    
-    
+
     TestBaseType(const TestBaseType &) = default;
     virtual ~TestBaseType() {}
     virtual int func() { return 0; }
@@ -30,6 +22,11 @@ class TestBaseType
 
     int val;
     const int const_val;
+    const int *const_val_ptr = &const_val;
+
+    const int *get_const_val_ptr() {
+      return const_val_ptr;
+    }
 
     int mdarray[2][3][5];
     std::function<int (int)> func_member;
@@ -84,7 +81,7 @@ class TestDerivedType : public TestBaseType
     virtual ~TestDerivedType() {}
     TestDerivedType(const TestDerivedType &) = default;
     TestDerivedType() = default;
-    virtual int func() CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE { return 1; }
+    virtual int func() override { return 1; }
     int derived_only_func() { return 19; }
 
   private:
@@ -186,19 +183,15 @@ CHAISCRIPT_MODULE_EXPORT  chaiscript::ModulePtr create_chaiscript_module_test_mo
   m->add(chaiscript::fun(&TestBaseType::func), "func");
   m->add(chaiscript::fun(&TestBaseType::val), "val");
   m->add(chaiscript::fun(&TestBaseType::const_val), "const_val");
+  m->add(chaiscript::fun(&TestBaseType::const_val_ptr), "const_val_ptr");
+  m->add(chaiscript::fun(&TestBaseType::get_const_val_ptr), "get_const_val_ptr");
   m->add(chaiscript::fun(&TestBaseType::base_only_func), "base_only_func");
   m->add(chaiscript::fun(&TestBaseType::set_string_val), "set_string_val");
 
-#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC_12
-  // we cannot support these in MSVC_12 because of a bug in the implementation of
-  // std::reference_wrapper
-  // Array types
   m->add(chaiscript::fun(&TestBaseType::mdarray), "mdarray");
-  m->add(chaiscript::bootstrap::array<int[2][3][5]>("IntArray_2_3_5"));
-  m->add(chaiscript::bootstrap::array<int[3][5]>("IntArray_3_5"));
-  m->add(chaiscript::bootstrap::array<int[5]>("IntArray_5"));
-  // end array types
-#endif
+  chaiscript::bootstrap::array<int[2][3][5]>("IntArray_2_3_5", *m);
+  chaiscript::bootstrap::array<int[3][5]>("IntArray_3_5", *m);
+  chaiscript::bootstrap::array<int[5]>("IntArray_5", *m);
 
   // member that is a function
   m->add(chaiscript::fun(&TestBaseType::func_member), "func_member");

static_libs/chaiscript_parser.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "../include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_parser.hpp"
+#include "chaiscript_parser.hpp"
+
+std::unique_ptr<chaiscript::parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base> create_chaiscript_parser()
+{
+  return std::make_unique<chaiscript::parser::ChaiScript_Parser<chaiscript::eval::Noop_Tracer, chaiscript::optimizer::Optimizer_Default>>();
+}
+

static_libs/chaiscript_parser.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_PARSER_LIB
+#define CHAISCRIPT_PARSER_LIB
+
+namespace chaiscript {
+  namespace parser {
+    class ChaiScript_Parser_Base;
+  }
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<chaiscript::parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base> create_chaiscript_parser();
+
+#endif

static_libs/chaiscript_stdlib.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "../include/chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp"
+#include "chaiscript_stdlib.hpp"
+
+std::shared_ptr<chaiscript::Module> create_chaiscript_stdlib()
+{
+  return chaiscript::Std_Lib::library();
+}
+

static_libs/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_STDLIB
+#define CHAISCRIPT_STDLIB
+
+namespace chaiscript {
+  class Module;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<chaiscript::Module> create_chaiscript_stdlib();
+
+#endif

supporters.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+

unittests/3.x/dispatch_functions.chai

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 assert_equal(`==`, `==`);
 assert_not_equal(`==`, `<`);
 assert_equal(`<`.get_arity(), 2);
-assert_equal(`+`.get_annotation(), "Multiple method dispatch function wrapper.");
 assert_equal(get_arity.get_contained_functions().size(), 0);
 assert_equal(get_arity.get_arity(), 1);
 assert_equal(get_arity.get_param_types().size(), 2);

unittests/3.x/eval_error.chai

@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ def while_doing()
 
 var f = fun() { while_doing(); }
 
-assert_equal(get_eval_error(f).call_stack.size(), 16)
+assert_true(get_eval_error(f).call_stack.size() <= 16)

unittests/3.x/function_introspection.chai

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ def test_function(a)
 
 // test_function tests
 assert_equal(test_function.get_arity(), 1);
-assert_equal(trim(test_function.get_annotation()), "#Test Function Description");
 assert_equal(test_function.get_contained_functions().size(), 0);
 assert_equal(test_function.get_param_types().size(), 2);
 

unittests/3.x/reflection_test.chai

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-var parser := ChaiScript_Parser()
-var parse_success = parser.parse("3 + 4", "INPUT")
-var a := parser.ast()
-
-assert_equal(eval(a), 7)
-
-var childs := a.children.front().children
-var node := childs[0]
-
-var parser2 := ChaiScript_Parser()
-parser2.parse("9", "INPUT")
-
-
-a.children.front().replace_child(childs[0], parser2.ast())
-
-assert_equal(eval(a), 13)
-assert_equal(node.filename, "INPUT")
-
-
-
-def my_fun()
-{
-  return 1;
-}
-
-
-assert_equal(true, my_fun.has_parse_tree());
-assert_equal(false, `+`.has_parse_tree());
-
-assert_throws("Function does not have a parse tree", fun() { `+`.get_parse_tree(); } );
-
-var parsetree := my_fun.get_parse_tree();
-
-assert_equal(1, eval(parsetree));
-
-print(parsetree.text());

unittests/boxed_cast_test.cpp

@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ bool built_in_type_test(const T &initial, bool ispod)
 
   /** shared_ptr tests **/
 
-  std::shared_ptr<T> ip(new T(initial));
+  auto ip = std::make_shared<T>(initial);
 
   passed &= do_test<T>(var(ip), true, true, true, true, true, 
                                  true, true, true, true, true,
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ bool built_in_type_test(const T &initial, bool ispod)
                                        ispod, ispod, ispod, false, true);
 
   /** const shared_ptr tests **/
-  std::shared_ptr<const T> ipc(new T(initial));
+  auto ipc = std::make_shared<const T>(T(initial));
 
   passed &= do_test<T>(var(ipc), true, true, false, true, false, 
                                        true, false, true, false, true,

unittests/c_linkage_test.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp>
+#include "../static_libs/chaiscript_parser.hpp"
+#include "../static_libs/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp"
 
 
 extern "C"
@@ -11,8 +13,7 @@ extern "C"
 
 int main()
 {
-
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&do_something), "do_something");
 
   return chai.eval<int>("do_something(101)") == 101 % 2?EXIT_SUCCESS:EXIT_FAILURE;

unittests/catch.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *  Catch v1.3.5
- *  Generated: 2016-02-29 08:16:42.342094
+ *  Catch v1.5.7
+ *  Generated: 2016-09-27 10:45:46.824849
  *  ----------------------------------------------------------
  *  This file has been merged from multiple headers. Please don't edit it directly
  *  Copyright (c) 2012 Two Blue Cubes Ltd. All rights reserved.
@@ -62,7 +62,11 @@
 
 #define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE2( name, line ) name##line
 #define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE( name, line ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE2( name, line )
-#define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( name ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE( name, __LINE__ )
+#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER
+#  define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( name ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE( name, __COUNTER__ )
+#else
+#  define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( name ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE( name, __LINE__ )
+#endif
 
 #define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIFY2( expr ) #expr
 #define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIFY( expr ) INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIFY2( expr )
@@ -89,7 +93,7 @@
 // CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_OR_GREATER : Is C++11 supported?
 
 // CATCH_CONFIG_VARIADIC_MACROS : are variadic macros supported?
-
+// CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER : is the __COUNTER__ macro supported?
 // ****************
 // Note to maintainers: if new toggles are added please document them
 // in configuration.md, too
@@ -102,8 +106,16 @@
 
 // All the C++11 features can be disabled with CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP11
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201103L
-#  define CATCH_CPP11_OR_GREATER
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+
+#  if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+#    define CATCH_CPP11_OR_GREATER
+#  endif
+
+#  if __cplusplus >= 201402L
+#    define CATCH_CPP14_OR_GREATER
+#  endif
+
 #endif
 
 #ifdef __clang__
@@ -185,6 +197,15 @@
 
 #endif
 
+// Use __COUNTER__ if the compiler supports it
+#if ( defined _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1300 ) || \
+    ( defined __GNUC__  && __GNUC__ >= 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 3 ) || \
+    ( defined __clang__ && __clang_major__ >= 3 )
+
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_COUNTER
+
+#endif
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // C++ language feature support
 
@@ -256,6 +277,9 @@
 #if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP11_UNIQUE_PTR) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_UNIQUE_PTR) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_UNIQUE_PTR) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP11)
 #   define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_UNIQUE_PTR
 #endif
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_COUNTER) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_COUNTER) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER)
+#   define CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER
+#endif
 
 #if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS)
 #   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS
@@ -686,24 +710,28 @@ void registerTestCaseFunction
 
 #ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_VARIADIC_MACROS
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( TestName, ... ) \
+        static void TestName(); \
+        namespace{ Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( &TestName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::NameAndDesc( __VA_ARGS__ ) ); }\
+        static void TestName()
     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE( ... ) \
-        static void INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ )(); \
-        namespace{ Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( &INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(  ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::NameAndDesc( __VA_ARGS__ ) ); }\
-        static void INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(  ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ )()
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ), __VA_ARGS__ )
 
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( QualifiedMethod, ... ) \
         namespace{ Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( &QualifiedMethod, "&" #QualifiedMethod, Catch::NameAndDesc( __VA_ARGS__ ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ); }
 
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, ... )\
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD2( TestName, ClassName, ... )\
         namespace{ \
-            struct INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ) : ClassName{ \
+            struct TestName : ClassName{ \
                 void test(); \
             }; \
-            Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar ) ( &INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ )::test, #ClassName, Catch::NameAndDesc( __VA_ARGS__ ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ); \
+            Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar ) ( &TestName::test, #ClassName, Catch::NameAndDesc( __VA_ARGS__ ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ); \
         } \
-        void INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ )::test()
+        void TestName::test()
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, ... ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ), ClassName, __VA_ARGS__ )
 
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_TESTCASE( Function, ... ) \
@@ -711,24 +739,28 @@ void registerTestCaseFunction
 
 #else
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( TestName, Name, Desc ) \
+        static void TestName(); \
+        namespace{ Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( &TestName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::NameAndDesc( Name, Desc ) ); }\
+        static void TestName()
     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE( Name, Desc ) \
-        static void INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ )(); \
-        namespace{ Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( &INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(  ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::NameAndDesc( Name, Desc ) ); }\
-        static void INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(  ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ )()
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ), Name, Desc )
 
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( QualifiedMethod, Name, Desc ) \
         namespace{ Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( &QualifiedMethod, "&" #QualifiedMethod, Catch::NameAndDesc( Name, Desc ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ); }
 
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, TestName, Desc )\
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD2( TestCaseName, ClassName, TestName, Desc )\
         namespace{ \
-            struct INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ) : ClassName{ \
+            struct TestCaseName : ClassName{ \
                 void test(); \
             }; \
-            Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar ) ( &INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ )::test, #ClassName, Catch::NameAndDesc( TestName, Desc ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ); \
+            Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar ) ( &TestCaseName::test, #ClassName, Catch::NameAndDesc( TestName, Desc ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ); \
         } \
-        void INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ )::test()
+        void TestCaseName::test()
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, TestName, Desc )\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ), ClassName, TestName, Desc )
 
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_TESTCASE( Function, Name, Desc ) \
@@ -2041,7 +2073,7 @@ namespace Catch {
             __catchResult.useActiveException( Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal ); \
         } \
         INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( __catchResult ) \
-    } while( Catch::isTrue( false && static_cast<bool>(expr) ) ) // expr here is never evaluated at runtime but it forces the compiler to give it a look
+    } while( Catch::isTrue( false && !!(expr) ) ) // expr here is never evaluated at runtime but it forces the compiler to give it a look
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 #define INTERNAL_CATCH_IF( expr, resultDisposition, macroName ) \
@@ -2578,10 +2610,12 @@ namespace Catch {
 }
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION( signature ) \
-    static std::string INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionTranslator )( signature ); \
-    namespace{ Catch::ExceptionTranslatorRegistrar INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionRegistrar )( &INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionTranslator ) ); }\
-    static std::string INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(  catch_internal_ExceptionTranslator )( signature )
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION2( translatorName, signature ) \
+    static std::string translatorName( signature ); \
+    namespace{ Catch::ExceptionTranslatorRegistrar INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionRegistrar )( &translatorName ); }\
+    static std::string translatorName( signature )
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION( signature ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionTranslator ), signature )
 
 // #included from: internal/catch_approx.hpp
 #define TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_APPROX_HPP_INCLUDED
@@ -3189,10 +3223,11 @@ namespace Catch {
 
             bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const {
                 // All patterns in a filter must match for the filter to be a match
-                for( std::vector<Ptr<Pattern> >::const_iterator it = m_patterns.begin(), itEnd = m_patterns.end(); it != itEnd; ++it )
+                for( std::vector<Ptr<Pattern> >::const_iterator it = m_patterns.begin(), itEnd = m_patterns.end(); it != itEnd; ++it ) {
                     if( !(*it)->matches( testCase ) )
                         return false;
-                    return true;
+                }
+                return true;
             }
         };
 
@@ -3424,7 +3459,7 @@ namespace Catch {
     };
 
     class DebugOutStream : public IStream {
-        std::auto_ptr<StreamBufBase> m_streamBuf;
+        CATCH_AUTO_PTR( StreamBufBase ) m_streamBuf;
         mutable std::ostream m_os;
     public:
         DebugOutStream();
@@ -3572,7 +3607,7 @@ namespace Catch {
         }
         ConfigData m_data;
 
-        std::auto_ptr<IStream const> m_stream;
+        CATCH_AUTO_PTR( IStream const ) m_stream;
         TestSpec m_testSpec;
     };
 
@@ -3592,7 +3627,7 @@ namespace Catch {
 #define STITCH_CLARA_OPEN_NAMESPACE namespace Catch {
 // #included from: ../external/clara.h
 
-// Version 0.0.1.1
+// Version 0.0.2.4
 
 // Only use header guard if we are not using an outer namespace
 #if !defined(TWOBLUECUBES_CLARA_H_INCLUDED) || defined(STITCH_CLARA_OPEN_NAMESPACE)
@@ -3908,6 +3943,10 @@ namespace Tbc {
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <memory>
 
+#if defined(WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define CLARA_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif
+
 // Use optional outer namespace
 #ifdef STITCH_CLARA_OPEN_NAMESPACE
 STITCH_CLARA_OPEN_NAMESPACE
@@ -3931,9 +3970,6 @@ namespace Clara {
     const unsigned int consoleWidth = 80;
 #endif
 
-        // Use this to try and stop compiler from warning about unreachable code
-        inline bool isTrue( bool value ) { return value; }
-
         using namespace Tbc;
 
         inline bool startsWith( std::string const& str, std::string const& prefix ) {
@@ -3969,14 +4005,6 @@ namespace Clara {
             else
                 throw std::runtime_error( "Expected a boolean value but did not recognise:\n  '" + _source + "'" );
         }
-        inline void convertInto( bool _source, bool& _dest ) {
-            _dest = _source;
-        }
-        template<typename T>
-        inline void convertInto( bool, T& ) {
-            if( isTrue( true ) )
-                throw std::runtime_error( "Invalid conversion" );
-        }
 
         template<typename ConfigT>
         struct IArgFunction {
@@ -3986,7 +4014,6 @@ namespace Clara {
             IArgFunction( IArgFunction const& ) = default;
 #endif
             virtual void set( ConfigT& config, std::string const& value ) const = 0;
-            virtual void setFlag( ConfigT& config ) const = 0;
             virtual bool takesArg() const = 0;
             virtual IArgFunction* clone() const = 0;
         };
@@ -4008,9 +4035,6 @@ namespace Clara {
             void set( ConfigT& config, std::string const& value ) const {
                 functionObj->set( config, value );
             }
-            void setFlag( ConfigT& config ) const {
-                functionObj->setFlag( config );
-            }
             bool takesArg() const { return functionObj->takesArg(); }
 
             bool isSet() const {
@@ -4023,7 +4047,6 @@ namespace Clara {
         template<typename C>
         struct NullBinder : IArgFunction<C>{
             virtual void set( C&, std::string const& ) const {}
-            virtual void setFlag( C& ) const {}
             virtual bool takesArg() const { return true; }
             virtual IArgFunction<C>* clone() const { return new NullBinder( *this ); }
         };
@@ -4034,9 +4057,6 @@ namespace Clara {
             virtual void set( C& p, std::string const& stringValue ) const {
                 convertInto( stringValue, p.*member );
             }
-            virtual void setFlag( C& p ) const {
-                convertInto( true, p.*member );
-            }
             virtual bool takesArg() const { return !IsBool<M>::value; }
             virtual IArgFunction<C>* clone() const { return new BoundDataMember( *this ); }
             M C::* member;
@@ -4049,11 +4069,6 @@ namespace Clara {
                 convertInto( stringValue, value );
                 (p.*member)( value );
             }
-            virtual void setFlag( C& p ) const {
-                typename RemoveConstRef<M>::type value;
-                convertInto( true, value );
-                (p.*member)( value );
-            }
             virtual bool takesArg() const { return !IsBool<M>::value; }
             virtual IArgFunction<C>* clone() const { return new BoundUnaryMethod( *this ); }
             void (C::*member)( M );
@@ -4067,9 +4082,6 @@ namespace Clara {
                 if( value )
                     (p.*member)();
             }
-            virtual void setFlag( C& p ) const {
-                (p.*member)();
-            }
             virtual bool takesArg() const { return false; }
             virtual IArgFunction<C>* clone() const { return new BoundNullaryMethod( *this ); }
             void (C::*member)();
@@ -4084,9 +4096,6 @@ namespace Clara {
                 if( value )
                     function( obj );
             }
-            virtual void setFlag( C& p ) const {
-                function( p );
-            }
             virtual bool takesArg() const { return false; }
             virtual IArgFunction<C>* clone() const { return new BoundUnaryFunction( *this ); }
             void (*function)( C& );
@@ -4100,11 +4109,6 @@ namespace Clara {
                 convertInto( stringValue, value );
                 function( obj, value );
             }
-            virtual void setFlag( C& obj ) const {
-                typename RemoveConstRef<T>::type value;
-                convertInto( true, value );
-                function( obj, value );
-            }
             virtual bool takesArg() const { return !IsBool<T>::value; }
             virtual IArgFunction<C>* clone() const { return new BoundBinaryFunction( *this ); }
             void (*function)( C&, T );
@@ -4112,8 +4116,20 @@ namespace Clara {
 
     } // namespace Detail
 
-    struct Parser {
-        Parser() : separators( " \t=:" ) {}
+    inline std::vector<std::string> argsToVector( int argc, char const* const* const argv ) {
+        std::vector<std::string> args( static_cast<std::size_t>( argc ) );
+        for( std::size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<std::size_t>( argc ); ++i )
+            args[i] = argv[i];
+
+        return args;
+    }
+
+    class Parser {
+        enum Mode { None, MaybeShortOpt, SlashOpt, ShortOpt, LongOpt, Positional };
+        Mode mode;
+        std::size_t from;
+        bool inQuotes;
+    public:
 
         struct Token {
             enum Type { Positional, ShortOpt, LongOpt };
@@ -4122,38 +4138,75 @@ namespace Clara {
             std::string data;
         };
 
-        void parseIntoTokens( int argc, char const* const argv[], std::vector<Parser::Token>& tokens ) const {
+        Parser() : mode( None ), from( 0 ), inQuotes( false ){}
+
+        void parseIntoTokens( std::vector<std::string> const& args, std::vector<Token>& tokens ) {
             const std::string doubleDash = "--";
-            for( int i = 1; i < argc && argv[i] != doubleDash; ++i )
-                parseIntoTokens( argv[i] , tokens);
+            for( std::size_t i = 1; i < args.size() && args[i] != doubleDash; ++i )
+                parseIntoTokens( args[i], tokens);
         }
-        void parseIntoTokens( std::string arg, std::vector<Parser::Token>& tokens ) const {
-            while( !arg.empty() ) {
-                Parser::Token token( Parser::Token::Positional, arg );
-                arg = "";
-                if( token.data[0] == '-' ) {
-                    if( token.data.size() > 1 && token.data[1] == '-' ) {
-                        token = Parser::Token( Parser::Token::LongOpt, token.data.substr( 2 ) );
-                    }
-                    else {
-                        token = Parser::Token( Parser::Token::ShortOpt, token.data.substr( 1 ) );
-                        if( token.data.size() > 1 && separators.find( token.data[1] ) == std::string::npos ) {
-                            arg = "-" + token.data.substr( 1 );
-                            token.data = token.data.substr( 0, 1 );
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                if( token.type != Parser::Token::Positional ) {
-                    std::size_t pos = token.data.find_first_of( separators );
-                    if( pos != std::string::npos ) {
-                        arg = token.data.substr( pos+1 );
-                        token.data = token.data.substr( 0, pos );
-                    }
-                }
-                tokens.push_back( token );
+
+        void parseIntoTokens( std::string const& arg, std::vector<Token>& tokens ) {
+            for( std::size_t i = 0; i <= arg.size(); ++i ) {
+                char c = arg[i];
+                if( c == '"' )
+                    inQuotes = !inQuotes;
+                mode = handleMode( i, c, arg, tokens );
             }
         }
-        std::string separators;
+        Mode handleMode( std::size_t i, char c, std::string const& arg, std::vector<Token>& tokens ) {
+            switch( mode ) {
+                case None: return handleNone( i, c );
+                case MaybeShortOpt: return handleMaybeShortOpt( i, c );
+                case ShortOpt:
+                case LongOpt:
+                case SlashOpt: return handleOpt( i, c, arg, tokens );
+                case Positional: return handlePositional( i, c, arg, tokens );
+                default: throw std::logic_error( "Unknown mode" );
+            }
+        }
+
+        Mode handleNone( std::size_t i, char c ) {
+            if( inQuotes ) {
+                from = i;
+                return Positional;
+            }
+            switch( c ) {
+                case '-': return MaybeShortOpt;
+#ifdef CLARA_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+                case '/': from = i+1; return SlashOpt;
+#endif
+                default: from = i; return Positional;
+            }
+        }
+        Mode handleMaybeShortOpt( std::size_t i, char c ) {
+            switch( c ) {
+                case '-': from = i+1; return LongOpt;
+                default: from = i; return ShortOpt;
+            }
+        }
+        Mode handleOpt( std::size_t i, char c, std::string const& arg, std::vector<Token>& tokens ) {
+            if( std::string( ":=\0", 3 ).find( c ) == std::string::npos )
+                return mode;
+
+            std::string optName = arg.substr( from, i-from );
+            if( mode == ShortOpt )
+                for( std::size_t j = 0; j < optName.size(); ++j )
+                    tokens.push_back( Token( Token::ShortOpt, optName.substr( j, 1 ) ) );
+            else if( mode == SlashOpt && optName.size() == 1 )
+                tokens.push_back( Token( Token::ShortOpt, optName ) );
+            else
+                tokens.push_back( Token( Token::LongOpt, optName ) );
+            return None;
+        }
+        Mode handlePositional( std::size_t i, char c, std::string const& arg, std::vector<Token>& tokens ) {
+            if( inQuotes || std::string( "\0", 1 ).find( c ) == std::string::npos )
+                return mode;
+
+            std::string data = arg.substr( from, i-from );
+            tokens.push_back( Token( Token::Positional, data ) );
+            return None;
+        }
     };
 
     template<typename ConfigT>
@@ -4456,21 +4509,21 @@ namespace Clara {
             return oss.str();
         }
 
-        ConfigT parse( int argc, char const* const argv[] ) const {
+        ConfigT parse( std::vector<std::string> const& args ) const {
             ConfigT config;
-            parseInto( argc, argv, config );
+            parseInto( args, config );
             return config;
         }
 
-        std::vector<Parser::Token> parseInto( int argc, char const* argv[], ConfigT& config ) const {
-            std::string processName = argv[0];
+        std::vector<Parser::Token> parseInto( std::vector<std::string> const& args, ConfigT& config ) const {
+            std::string processName = args[0];
             std::size_t lastSlash = processName.find_last_of( "/\\" );
             if( lastSlash != std::string::npos )
                 processName = processName.substr( lastSlash+1 );
             m_boundProcessName.set( config, processName );
             std::vector<Parser::Token> tokens;
             Parser parser;
-            parser.parseIntoTokens( argc, argv, tokens );
+            parser.parseIntoTokens( args, tokens );
             return populate( tokens, config );
         }
 
@@ -4501,7 +4554,7 @@ namespace Clara {
                                     arg.boundField.set( config, tokens[++i].data );
                             }
                             else {
-                                arg.boundField.setFlag( config );
+                                arg.boundField.set( config, "true" );
                             }
                             break;
                         }
@@ -4667,8 +4720,11 @@ namespace Catch {
         std::string line;
         while( std::getline( f, line ) ) {
             line = trim(line);
-            if( !line.empty() && !startsWith( line, "#" ) )
-                addTestOrTags( config, "\"" + line + "\"," );
+            if( !line.empty() && !startsWith( line, "#" ) ) {
+                if( !startsWith( line, "\"" ) )
+                    line = "\"" + line + "\"";
+                addTestOrTags( config, line + "," );
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -5209,6 +5265,8 @@ namespace Catch
         bool aborting;
     };
 
+    class MultipleReporters;
+
     struct IStreamingReporter : IShared {
         virtual ~IStreamingReporter();
 
@@ -5236,6 +5294,8 @@ namespace Catch
         virtual void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) = 0;
 
         virtual void skipTest( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) = 0;
+
+        virtual MultipleReporters* tryAsMulti() { return CATCH_NULL; }
     };
 
     struct IReporterFactory : IShared {
@@ -5312,7 +5372,10 @@ namespace Catch {
                 ++it ) {
             matchedTests++;
             TestCaseInfo const& testCaseInfo = it->getTestCaseInfo();
-            Catch::cout() << testCaseInfo.name << std::endl;
+            if( startsWith( testCaseInfo.name, "#" ) )
+               Catch::cout() << "\"" << testCaseInfo.name << "\"" << std::endl;
+            else
+               Catch::cout() << testCaseInfo.name << std::endl;
         }
         return matchedTests;
     }
@@ -5453,6 +5516,10 @@ namespace TestCaseTracking {
         virtual void addChild( Ptr<ITracker> const& child ) = 0;
         virtual ITracker* findChild( std::string const& name ) = 0;
         virtual void openChild() = 0;
+
+        // Debug/ checking
+        virtual bool isSectionTracker() const = 0;
+        virtual bool isIndexTracker() const = 0;
     };
 
     class TrackerContext {
@@ -5577,6 +5644,10 @@ namespace TestCaseTracking {
                     m_parent->openChild();
             }
         }
+
+        virtual bool isSectionTracker() const CATCH_OVERRIDE { return false; }
+        virtual bool isIndexTracker() const CATCH_OVERRIDE { return false; }
+
         void open() {
             m_runState = Executing;
             moveToThis();
@@ -5640,13 +5711,16 @@ namespace TestCaseTracking {
         {}
         virtual ~SectionTracker();
 
+        virtual bool isSectionTracker() const CATCH_OVERRIDE { return true; }
+
         static SectionTracker& acquire( TrackerContext& ctx, std::string const& name ) {
             SectionTracker* section = CATCH_NULL;
 
             ITracker& currentTracker = ctx.currentTracker();
             if( ITracker* childTracker = currentTracker.findChild( name ) ) {
-                section = dynamic_cast<SectionTracker*>( childTracker );
-                assert( section );
+                assert( childTracker );
+                assert( childTracker->isSectionTracker() );
+                section = static_cast<SectionTracker*>( childTracker );
             }
             else {
                 section = new SectionTracker( name, ctx, &currentTracker );
@@ -5671,13 +5745,16 @@ namespace TestCaseTracking {
         {}
         virtual ~IndexTracker();
 
+        virtual bool isIndexTracker() const CATCH_OVERRIDE { return true; }
+
         static IndexTracker& acquire( TrackerContext& ctx, std::string const& name, int size ) {
             IndexTracker* tracker = CATCH_NULL;
 
             ITracker& currentTracker = ctx.currentTracker();
             if( ITracker* childTracker = currentTracker.findChild( name ) ) {
-                tracker = dynamic_cast<IndexTracker*>( childTracker );
-                assert( tracker );
+                assert( childTracker );
+                assert( childTracker->isIndexTracker() );
+                tracker = static_cast<IndexTracker*>( childTracker );
             }
             else {
                 tracker = new IndexTracker( name, ctx, &currentTracker, size );
@@ -5884,6 +5961,11 @@ namespace Catch {
             while( getCurrentContext().advanceGeneratorsForCurrentTest() && !aborting() );
 
             Totals deltaTotals = m_totals.delta( prevTotals );
+            if( testInfo.expectedToFail() && deltaTotals.testCases.passed > 0 ) {
+                deltaTotals.assertions.failed++;
+                deltaTotals.testCases.passed--;
+                deltaTotals.testCases.failed++;
+            }
             m_totals.testCases += deltaTotals.testCases;
             m_reporter->testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats(   testInfo,
                                                         deltaTotals,
@@ -6275,10 +6357,10 @@ namespace Catch {
             Catch::cout() << "For more detail usage please see the project docs\n" << std::endl;
         }
 
-        int applyCommandLine( int argc, char const* argv[], OnUnusedOptions::DoWhat unusedOptionBehaviour = OnUnusedOptions::Fail ) {
+        int applyCommandLine( int argc, char const* const* const argv, OnUnusedOptions::DoWhat unusedOptionBehaviour = OnUnusedOptions::Fail ) {
             try {
                 m_cli.setThrowOnUnrecognisedTokens( unusedOptionBehaviour == OnUnusedOptions::Fail );
-                m_unusedTokens = m_cli.parseInto( argc, argv, m_configData );
+                m_unusedTokens = m_cli.parseInto( Clara::argsToVector( argc, argv ), m_configData );
                 if( m_configData.showHelp )
                     showHelp( m_configData.processName );
                 m_config.reset();
@@ -6302,16 +6384,13 @@ namespace Catch {
             m_config.reset();
         }
 
-        int run( int argc, char const* argv[] ) {
+        int run( int argc, char const* const* const argv ) {
 
             int returnCode = applyCommandLine( argc, argv );
             if( returnCode == 0 )
                 returnCode = run();
             return returnCode;
         }
-        int run( int argc, char* argv[] ) {
-            return run( argc, const_cast<char const**>( argv ) );
-        }
 
         int run() {
             if( m_configData.showHelp )
@@ -6375,13 +6454,31 @@ namespace Catch {
 #include <iostream>
 #include <algorithm>
 
+#ifdef CATCH_CPP14_OR_GREATER
+#include <random>
+#endif
+
 namespace Catch {
 
-    struct LexSort {
-        bool operator() (TestCase i,TestCase j) const { return (i<j);}
-    };
     struct RandomNumberGenerator {
-        int operator()( int n ) const { return std::rand() % n; }
+        typedef int result_type;
+
+        result_type operator()( result_type n ) const { return std::rand() % n; }
+
+#ifdef CATCH_CPP14_OR_GREATER
+        static constexpr result_type min() { return 0; }
+        static constexpr result_type max() { return 1000000; }
+        result_type operator()() const { return std::rand() % max(); }
+#endif
+        template<typename V>
+        static void shuffle( V& vector ) {
+            RandomNumberGenerator rng;
+#ifdef CATCH_CPP14_OR_GREATER
+            std::shuffle( vector.begin(), vector.end(), rng );
+#else
+            std::random_shuffle( vector.begin(), vector.end(), rng );
+#endif
+        }
     };
 
     inline std::vector<TestCase> sortTests( IConfig const& config, std::vector<TestCase> const& unsortedTestCases ) {
@@ -6390,14 +6487,12 @@ namespace Catch {
 
         switch( config.runOrder() ) {
             case RunTests::InLexicographicalOrder:
-                std::sort( sorted.begin(), sorted.end(), LexSort() );
+                std::sort( sorted.begin(), sorted.end() );
                 break;
             case RunTests::InRandomOrder:
                 {
                     seedRng( config );
-
-                    RandomNumberGenerator rng;
-                    std::random_shuffle( sorted.begin(), sorted.end(), rng );
+                    RandomNumberGenerator::shuffle( sorted );
                 }
                 break;
             case RunTests::InDeclarationOrder:
@@ -6416,13 +6511,15 @@ namespace Catch {
             it != itEnd;
             ++it ) {
             std::pair<std::set<TestCase>::const_iterator, bool> prev = seenFunctions.insert( *it );
-            if( !prev.second ){
-                Catch::cerr()
-                << Colour( Colour::Red )
-                << "error: TEST_CASE( \"" << it->name << "\" ) already defined.\n"
-                << "\tFirst seen at " << prev.first->getTestCaseInfo().lineInfo << "\n"
-                << "\tRedefined at " << it->getTestCaseInfo().lineInfo << std::endl;
-                exit(1);
+            if( !prev.second ) {
+                std::ostringstream ss;
+
+                ss  << Colour( Colour::Red )
+                    << "error: TEST_CASE( \"" << it->name << "\" ) already defined.\n"
+                    << "\tFirst seen at " << prev.first->getTestCaseInfo().lineInfo << "\n"
+                    << "\tRedefined at " << it->getTestCaseInfo().lineInfo << std::endl;
+
+                throw std::runtime_error(ss.str());
             }
         }
     }
@@ -7481,7 +7578,7 @@ namespace Catch {
         return os;
     }
 
-    Version libraryVersion( 1, 3, 5, "", 0 );
+    Version libraryVersion( 1, 5, 7, "", 0 );
 
 }
 
@@ -8460,13 +8557,18 @@ public: // IStreamingReporter
                 ++it )
             (*it)->skipTest( testInfo );
     }
+
+    virtual MultipleReporters* tryAsMulti() CATCH_OVERRIDE {
+        return this;
+    }
+
 };
 
 Ptr<IStreamingReporter> addReporter( Ptr<IStreamingReporter> const& existingReporter, Ptr<IStreamingReporter> const& additionalReporter ) {
     Ptr<IStreamingReporter> resultingReporter;
 
     if( existingReporter ) {
-        MultipleReporters* multi = dynamic_cast<MultipleReporters*>( existingReporter.get() );
+        MultipleReporters* multi = existingReporter->tryAsMulti();
         if( !multi ) {
             multi = new MultipleReporters;
             resultingReporter = Ptr<IStreamingReporter>( multi );
@@ -8646,7 +8748,7 @@ namespace Catch {
 
         virtual void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) CATCH_OVERRIDE {}
 
-        virtual bool assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) {
+        virtual bool assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) CATCH_OVERRIDE {
             assert( !m_sectionStack.empty() );
             SectionNode& sectionNode = *m_sectionStack.back();
             sectionNode.assertions.push_back( assertionStats );
@@ -8856,9 +8958,10 @@ namespace Catch {
                         break;
 
                     default:
-                        // Escape control chars - based on contribution by @espenalb in PR #465
+                        // Escape control chars - based on contribution by @espenalb in PR #465 and
+                        // by @mrpi PR #588
                         if ( ( c < '\x09' ) || ( c > '\x0D' && c < '\x20') || c=='\x7F' )
-                            os << "&#x" << std::uppercase << std::hex << static_cast<int>( c );
+                            os << "&#x" << std::uppercase << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << static_cast<int>( c ) << ';';
                         else
                             os << c;
                 }
@@ -8913,13 +9016,20 @@ namespace Catch {
         :   m_tagIsOpen( false ),
             m_needsNewline( false ),
             m_os( &Catch::cout() )
-        {}
+        {
+            // We encode control characters, which requires
+            // XML 1.1
+            // see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/404107/why-are-control-characters-illegal-in-xml-1-0
+            *m_os << "<?xml version=\"1.1\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
+        }
 
         XmlWriter( std::ostream& os )
         :   m_tagIsOpen( false ),
             m_needsNewline( false ),
             m_os( &os )
-        {}
+        {
+            *m_os << "<?xml version=\"1.1\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
+        }
 
         ~XmlWriter() {
             while( !m_tags.empty() )
@@ -9086,7 +9196,7 @@ namespace Catch {
 
         virtual void testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) CATCH_OVERRIDE {
             StreamingReporterBase::testCaseStarting(testInfo);
-            m_xml.startElement( "TestCase" ).writeAttribute( "name", trim( testInfo.name ) );
+            m_xml.startElement( "TestCase" ).writeAttribute( "name", testInfo.name );
 
             if ( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
                 m_testCaseTimer.start();
@@ -9777,7 +9887,7 @@ namespace Catch {
             if( totals.testCases.total() == 0 ) {
                 stream << Colour( Colour::Warning ) << "No tests ran\n";
             }
-            else if( totals.assertions.total() > 0 && totals.assertions.allPassed() ) {
+            else if( totals.assertions.total() > 0 && totals.testCases.allPassed() ) {
                 stream << Colour( Colour::ResultSuccess ) << "All tests passed";
                 stream << " ("
                         << pluralise( totals.assertions.passed, "assertion" ) << " in "

unittests/class_inside_scope.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+
+try {
+  parse("{  class C {    var data;    def C() {}  } }")
+  assert_false(true)
+} catch  (e) {
+  assert_true(true)
+}

unittests/compiled_tests.cpp

@@ -16,9 +16,12 @@
 
 
 #include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp>
 #include <chaiscript/utility/utility.hpp>
 #include <chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap_stl.hpp>
 
+#include "../static_libs/chaiscript_parser.hpp"
+#include "../static_libs/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp"
 
 
 
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ TEST_CASE("C++11 Lambdas Can Be Registered")
 
   // We cannot deduce the type of a lambda expression, you must either wrap it
   // in an std::function or provide the signature
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun([]()->std::string { return "hello"; } ), "f1");
 
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ TEST_CASE("C++11 Lambdas Can Be Registered")
 // dynamic_object tests
 TEST_CASE("Dynamic_Object attributes can be shared with C++")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   chai("attr bob::z; def bob::bob() { this.z = 10 }; auto x = bob()");
 
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Dynamic_Object attributes can be shared with C++")
 TEST_CASE("Function objects can be created from chaiscript functions")
 {
 
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   chai.eval("def func() { print(\"Hello World\"); } ");
 
@@ -91,7 +94,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Function objects can be created from chaiscript functions")
 
 TEST_CASE("ChaiScript can be created and destroyed on heap")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript *chai = new chaiscript::ChaiScript();
+  auto *chai = new chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   delete chai;
 }
 
@@ -123,7 +126,7 @@ void arithmetic_conversions_f_func_return(const std::function<unsigned int (unsi
 
 TEST_CASE("Test automatic arithmetic conversions")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&arithmetic_conversions_f1), "f1");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&arithmetic_conversions_f2), "f2");
@@ -164,7 +167,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Test automatic arithmetic conversions")
 
 TEST_CASE("Generic exception handling with C++")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   try {
     chai.eval("throw(runtime_error(\"error\"));");
@@ -177,7 +180,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Generic exception handling with C++")
 
 TEST_CASE("Throw an int")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   try {
     chai.eval("throw(1)", chaiscript::exception_specification<int>());
@@ -189,19 +192,19 @@ TEST_CASE("Throw an int")
 
 TEST_CASE("Throw int or double")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   try {
     chai.eval("throw(1.0)", chaiscript::exception_specification<int, double>());
     REQUIRE(false);
   } catch (const double e) {
-    CHECK(e == 1.0);
+    CHECK(e == Approx(1.0));
   }
 }
 
 TEST_CASE("Throw a runtime_error")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   try {
     chai.eval("throw(runtime_error(\"error\"))", chaiscript::exception_specification<int, double, float, const std::string &, const std::exception &>());
@@ -221,7 +224,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Throw a runtime_error")
 
 TEST_CASE("Throw unhandled type")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   try {
     chai.eval("throw(\"error\")", chaiscript::exception_specification<int, double, float, const std::exception &>());
@@ -250,7 +253,7 @@ int expected_eval_errors_test_one(const int &)
 
 TEST_CASE("No unexpected exceptions leak")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&expected_eval_errors_test_one), "test_fun");
 
   chai.eval("def guard_fun(i) : i.get_type_info().is_type_arithmetic() {} ");
@@ -313,7 +316,7 @@ int function_ordering_test_two(int &)
 
 TEST_CASE("Function ordering")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.eval("def test_fun(x) { return 3; }");
   chai.eval("def test_fun(x) : x == \"hi\" { return 4; }");
 //  chai.eval("def test_fun(x) { return 5; }");
@@ -337,7 +340,7 @@ int functor_cast_test_call(const std::function<int (int)> &f, int val)
 TEST_CASE("Functor cast")
 {
 
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&functor_cast_test_call), "test_call");
 
@@ -356,10 +359,10 @@ int set_state_test_myfun()
 
 TEST_CASE("Set and restore chai state")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   // save the initial state of globals and locals
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript::State firststate = chai.get_state();
+  auto firststate = chai.get_state();
   std::map<std::string, chaiscript::Boxed_Value> locals = chai.get_locals();
 
   // add some new globals and locals
@@ -402,7 +405,7 @@ class Short_Comparison_Test {
 
 TEST_CASE("Short comparison with int")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(chaiscript::user_type<Short_Comparison_Test>(), "Test");
   chai.add(chaiscript::constructor<Short_Comparison_Test()>(), "Test");
 
@@ -425,7 +428,7 @@ class Type_Name_MyClass
 
 TEST_CASE("Test lookup of type names")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   auto type = chaiscript::user_type<Type_Name_MyClass>();
   chai.add(type, "MyClass");
 
@@ -451,13 +454,13 @@ int simultaneous_chaiscript_do_something_else(int i)
 
 TEST_CASE("Simultaneous ChaiScript tests")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&simultaneous_chaiscript_do_something), "do_something");
   chai.add(chaiscript::var(1), "i");
 
   for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
   {
-    chaiscript::ChaiScript chai2;
+    chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai2(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
     chai2.add(chaiscript::fun(&simultaneous_chaiscript_do_something_else), "do_something_else");
 
     CHECK(chai.eval<int>("do_something(" + std::to_string(i) + ")") == i + 2);
@@ -506,7 +509,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Utility_Test utility class wrapper")
       );
 
 
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(m);
 
   CHECK(chai.eval<std::string>("auto t = Utility_Test(); t.function2(); ") == "Function2");
@@ -549,7 +552,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Utility_Test utility class wrapper for enum")
       );
 
 
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(m);
 
   CHECK(chai.eval<Utility_Test_Numbers>("ONE ") == 0);
@@ -644,7 +647,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Object copy counts")
   m->add(chaiscript::constructor<Object_Copy_Count_Test(const Object_Copy_Count_Test &)>(), "Object_Copy_Count_Test");
   m->add(chaiscript::fun(&object_copy_count_create), "create");
 
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(m);
 
   chai.eval(" { auto i = create(); } ");
@@ -700,7 +703,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Object lifetime tests")
   m->add(chaiscript::constructor<Object_Lifetime_Test(const Object_Lifetime_Test &)>(), "Object_Lifetime_Test");
   m->add(chaiscript::fun(&Object_Lifetime_Test::count), "count");
 
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(m);
 
   CHECK(chai.eval<int>("count()") == 0);
@@ -753,7 +756,7 @@ Object_Lifetime_Vector2<float> Object_Lifetime_Vector2_GetValue()
 
 TEST_CASE("Object lifetime test 2")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript _script;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic _script(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   //Registering stuff
   _script.add(chaiscript::user_type<Object_Lifetime_Vector2<float>>(), "Object_Lifetime_Vector2f");
@@ -794,7 +797,7 @@ int myfunction(Non_Poly_Base *)
 
 TEST_CASE("Test Derived->Base with non-polymorphic classes")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(chaiscript::base_class<Non_Poly_Base, Non_Poly_Derived>());
   Non_Poly_Derived d;
   chai.add(chaiscript::var(&d), "d");
@@ -813,7 +816,7 @@ struct TestCppVariableScope
 
 TEST_CASE("Variable Scope When Calling From C++")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(chaiscript::user_type<TestCppVariableScope>(), "Test");
   chai.add(chaiscript::constructor<TestCppVariableScope()>(), "Test");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&TestCppVariableScope::print), "print");
@@ -836,7 +839,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Variable Scope When Calling From C++")
 
 TEST_CASE("Variable Scope When Calling From C++ 2")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.eval("var obj = 2;");
   auto func = chai.eval<std::function<void()>>("fun(){ return obj; }");
   CHECK_THROWS(func());
@@ -853,7 +856,7 @@ void longlong(long long i) {
 
 TEST_CASE("Test long long dispatch")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&longlong), "longlong");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&ulonglong), "ulonglong");
   chai.eval("longlong(15)");
@@ -873,7 +876,7 @@ struct Returned_Converted_Config
 
 TEST_CASE("Return of converted type from script")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   chai.add(chaiscript::constructor<Returned_Converted_Config ()>(), "Returned_Converted_Config");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Returned_Converted_Config::num_iterations), "num_iterations");
@@ -921,7 +924,7 @@ int get_value_a(const std::map<std::string, int> &t_m)
 
 TEST_CASE("Map conversions")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(chaiscript::map_conversion<std::map<std::string, int>>());
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&get_value_a), "get_value_a");
 
@@ -941,7 +944,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Parse floats with non-posix locale")
 #else
   std::setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_ZA.utf8");
 #endif
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   const double parsed = chai.eval<double>("print(1.3); 1.3");
   CHECK(parsed == Approx(1.3));
   const std::string str = chai.eval<std::string>("to_string(1.3)");
@@ -950,4 +953,320 @@ TEST_CASE("Parse floats with non-posix locale")
 
 
 
+bool FindBitmap(int &ox, int &oy, long) {
+  ox = 1; 
+  oy = 2; 
+  return true;
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Mismatched numeric types only convert necessary params")
+{
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&FindBitmap), "FindBitmap");
+  int x = 0;
+  int y = 0;
+  chai.add(chaiscript::var(&x), "x");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::var(&y), "y");
+  chai.eval( "if ( FindBitmap ( x, y, 0) ) { print(\"found at \" + to_string(x) + \", \" + to_string(y))}" );
+  CHECK(x == 1);
+  CHECK(y == 2);
+
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("type_conversion to bool")
+{
+  auto module = std::make_shared<chaiscript::Module>();
+  struct T {
+    operator bool() const { return true; }
+  };
+  module->add(chaiscript::type_conversion<T, bool>());
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Make sure ChaiScript object still compiles / executes")
+{
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+}
+
+struct Count_Tracer
+{
+  int count = 0;
+  template<typename T>
+    void trace(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &, const chaiscript::eval::AST_Node_Impl<T> *)
+    {
+      ++count;
+    }
+};
+
+
+TEST_CASE("Test count tracer")
+{
+  typedef chaiscript::parser::ChaiScript_Parser< chaiscript::eval::Tracer<Count_Tracer>, chaiscript::optimizer::Optimizer_Default >  Parser_Type;
+
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(chaiscript::Std_Lib::library(),
+      std::make_unique<Parser_Type>());
+
+  Parser_Type &parser = dynamic_cast<Parser_Type &>(chai.get_parser());
+
+  const auto count = parser.get_tracer().count;
+
+  chai.eval("");
+
+  CHECK(parser.get_tracer().count > count);
+}
+
+
+TEST_CASE("Test stdlib options")
+{
+  const auto test_has_external_scripts = [](chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic &chai) { 
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(chai.eval("`use`"));
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(chai.eval("`eval_file`"));
+  };
+
+  const auto test_no_external_scripts = [](chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic &chai) { 
+    CHECK_THROWS(chai.eval("`use`"));
+    CHECK_THROWS(chai.eval("`eval_file`"));
+  };
+
+  const auto test_has_load_modules = [](chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic &chai) { 
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(chai.eval("`load_module`"));
+  };
+
+  const auto test_no_load_modules = [](chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic &chai) { 
+    CHECK_THROWS(chai.eval("`load_module`"));
+  };
+
+  SECTION( "Defaults" ) {
+    chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+    test_has_external_scripts(chai);
+    test_has_load_modules(chai);
+  }
+
+  SECTION( "Load_Modules, External_Scripts" ) {
+    chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser(), {}, {}, 
+        {chaiscript::Options::Load_Modules, chaiscript::Options::External_Scripts} );
+    test_has_external_scripts(chai);
+    test_has_load_modules(chai);
+  }
+
+  SECTION( "No_Load_Modules, No_External_Scripts" ) {
+    chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser(), {}, {}, 
+        {chaiscript::Options::No_Load_Modules, chaiscript::Options::No_External_Scripts} );
+    test_no_external_scripts(chai);
+    test_no_load_modules(chai);
+  }
+
+  SECTION( "No_Load_Modules, Load_Modules" ) {
+    chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser(), {}, {}, 
+        {chaiscript::Options::No_Load_Modules, chaiscript::Options::Load_Modules} );
+    test_no_external_scripts(chai);
+    test_no_load_modules(chai);
+  }
+
+  SECTION( "No_External_Scripts, External_Scripts" ) {
+    chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser(), {}, {}, 
+        {chaiscript::Options::No_External_Scripts, chaiscript::Options::External_Scripts} );
+    test_no_external_scripts(chai);
+    test_no_load_modules(chai);
+  }
+
+  SECTION( "No_External_Scripts, Load_Modules" ) {
+    chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser(), {}, {}, 
+        {chaiscript::Options::No_External_Scripts, chaiscript::Options::Load_Modules} );
+    test_no_external_scripts(chai);
+    test_has_load_modules(chai);
+  }
+
+  SECTION( "External_Scripts, No_Load_Modules" ) {
+    chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser(), {}, {}, 
+        {chaiscript::Options::External_Scripts, chaiscript::Options::No_Load_Modules} );
+    test_has_external_scripts(chai);
+    test_no_load_modules(chai);
+  }
+}
+
+
+void uservalueref(int &&)
+{
+}
+
+void usemoveonlytype(std::unique_ptr<int> &&)
+{
+}
+
+
+TEST_CASE("Pass r-value reference to func")
+{
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&uservalueref), "uservalueref");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&usemoveonlytype), "usemoveonlytype");
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::var(std::make_unique<int>(1)), "iptr");
+  chai.eval("usemoveonlytype(iptr)");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Use unique_ptr")
+{
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](int &i){ ++i; }), "inci");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](int i){ ++i; }), "copyi");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](int *i){ ++(*i); }), "derefi");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](const std::unique_ptr<int> &i){ ++(*i); }), "constrefuniqptri");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](std::unique_ptr<int> &i){ ++(*i); }), "refuniqptri");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](std::unique_ptr<int> &&i){ ++(*i); }), "rvaluniqptri");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::var(std::make_unique<int>(1)), "iptr");
+
+
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("iptr") == 1);
+  chai.eval("inci(iptr)");
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("iptr") == 2);
+  chai.eval("copyi(iptr)");
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("iptr") == 2);
+  chai.eval("derefi(iptr)");
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("iptr") == 3);
+  chai.eval("constrefuniqptri(iptr)");
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("iptr") == 4);
+  chai.eval("refuniqptri(iptr)");
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("iptr") == 5);
+  chai.eval("rvaluniqptri(iptr)");
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("iptr") == 6);
+}
+
+
+class Unique_Ptr_Test_Class
+{
+  public:
+    Unique_Ptr_Test_Class() = default;
+    Unique_Ptr_Test_Class(const Unique_Ptr_Test_Class&) = default;
+    Unique_Ptr_Test_Class(Unique_Ptr_Test_Class &&) = default;
+    Unique_Ptr_Test_Class &operator=(const Unique_Ptr_Test_Class&) = default;
+    Unique_Ptr_Test_Class &operator=(Unique_Ptr_Test_Class&&) = default;
+    virtual ~Unique_Ptr_Test_Class() = default;
+
+    int getI() const {return 5;}
+};
+
+
+std::unique_ptr<Unique_Ptr_Test_Class> make_Unique_Ptr_Test_Class()
+{
+  return std::make_unique<Unique_Ptr_Test_Class>();
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Call methods through unique_ptr")
+{
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::var(std::make_unique<Unique_Ptr_Test_Class>()), "uptr");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun(make_Unique_Ptr_Test_Class), "make_Unique_Ptr_Test_Class");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Unique_Ptr_Test_Class::getI), "getI");
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("uptr.getI()") == 5);
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("var uptr2 = make_Unique_Ptr_Test_Class(); uptr2.getI()") == 5);
+}
+
+
+class Unique_Ptr_Test_Base_Class
+{
+  public:
+    int getI() const {return 5;}
+};
+
+class Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class : public Unique_Ptr_Test_Base_Class
+{};
+
+std::unique_ptr<Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class> make_Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class()
+{
+  return std::make_unique<Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class>();
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Call methods on base class through unique_ptr<derived>")
+{
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::var(std::make_unique<Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class>()), "uptr");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun(make_Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class), "make_Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Unique_Ptr_Test_Base_Class::getI), "getI");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::base_class<Unique_Ptr_Test_Base_Class, Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class>());
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("uptr.getI()") == 5);
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("var uptr2 = make_Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class(); uptr2.getI()") == 5);
+}
+
+
+class A
+{
+  public:
+    A() = default;
+    A(const A&) = default;
+    A(A &&) = default;
+    A &operator=(const A&) = default;
+    A &operator=(A&&) = default;
+    virtual ~A() = default;
+};
+
+class B : public A
+{
+  public:
+    B() = default;
+};
+
+TEST_CASE("Test typed chaiscript functions to perform conversions")
+{
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+
+  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::user_type<A>(), "A");
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::user_type<B>(), "B");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::base_class<A, B>());
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](const B &)
+        {
+        }), "CppFunctWithBArg");
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([]() -> std::shared_ptr<A> 
+        {
+        return (std::shared_ptr<A>(new B()));
+        }), "Create");
+
+  chai.eval(R"(
+            var inst = Create() // A*
+
+            // it prints "A"
+            inst.type_name().print() 
+
+            // Ok it is casted using conversion
+            CppFunctWithBArg(inst)
+
+            // Define a function with B as argument
+            def ChaiFuncWithBArg(B inst)
+            {
+                    print("ok")
+            }
+
+            // don't work
+            ChaiFuncWithBArg(inst)
+            )");
+}
+
+struct Reference_MyClass
+{
+  Reference_MyClass(double& t_x) : x(t_x) {}
+  double& x;
+};
+
+TEST_CASE("Test reference member being registered")
+{
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+  // Note, C++ will not allow us to do this:
+  // chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Reference_MyClass::x) , "x");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](Reference_MyClass &r) -> decltype(auto) { return (r.x); }), "x");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](const Reference_MyClass &r) -> decltype(auto) { return (r.x); }), "x");
+  double d;
+  chai.add(chaiscript::var(Reference_MyClass(d)), "ref");
+  chai.eval("ref.x = 2.3");
+  CHECK(d == Approx(2.3));
+}
+
 

unittests/conversion_to_bool.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+// all we care is that this executes, really
+
+add_type_conversion(type("int"), type("bool"), fun(int i) { return i != 0; });
+
+if (0) {
+  assert_true(false);
+}
+
+if (!0) {
+  assert_true(true);
+} else {
+  assert_true(false);
+}
+
+while (0) {
+  assert_true(false);
+}
+
+for (; 0; ) {
+  assert_true(false);
+}
+

unittests/dispatch_functions.chai

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 assert_equal(`==`, `==`);
 assert_not_equal(`==`, `<`);
 assert_equal(`<`.get_arity(), 2);
-assert_equal(`+`.get_annotation(), "Multiple method dispatch function wrapper.");
 assert_equal(get_arity.get_contained_functions().size(), 0);
 assert_equal(get_arity.get_arity(), 1);
 assert_equal(get_arity.get_param_types().size(), 2);

unittests/dynamic_object_assignment.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+class MyClass
+{
+  def MyClass()
+  {
+    this.x = 2;
+  }
+
+  var x;
+}
+
+
+var o = MyClass();
+var o2 = MyClass();
+
+o2.x = 5;
+o = o2;
+
+assert_true(o.x == 5)
+assert_true(o == o2)
+
+o2.x = 3;
+
+print(o2.x);
+print(o.x);
+
+assert_true(o != o2)

unittests/eval_error.chai

@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ def while_doing()
 
 auto f = fun() { while_doing(); }
 
-assert_equal(get_eval_error(f).call_stack.size(), 16)
+assert_true(get_eval_error(f).call_stack.size() <= 16)

unittests/execution_context.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+
+
+assert_equal(__LINE__, 3)
+
+def f() {
+  [__LINE__, __CLASS__, __FUNC__]
+}
+
+var res = f()
+
+assert_equal(res[0], 6)
+assert_equal(res[1], "NOT_IN_CLASS")
+assert_equal(res[2], "f")
+
+assert_equal(__CLASS__, "NOT_IN_CLASS")
+assert_equal(__FUNC__, "NOT_IN_FUNCTION")
+
+class C
+{
+  def C() {}
+  def member() { [__LINE__, __CLASS__, __FUNC__]; }
+}
+
+var c = C();
+
+var res2 = c.member();
+
+assert_equal(res2[0], 21)
+assert_equal(res2[1], "C")
+assert_equal(res2[2], "member")
+
+def C::member2() { [__LINE__, __CLASS__, __FUNC__]; }
+
+var res3 = c.member2();
+
+assert_equal(res3[0], 32)
+assert_equal(res3[1], "C")
+assert_equal(res3[2], "member2")
+
+assert_true(__FILE__.find("execution_context.chai") != -1)
+
+

unittests/explicit_this_capture.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+class Test
+{
+  def Test()
+  {}
+
+  def a(Function f)
+  {
+    f("test");
+//    f();
+  }
+
+  def b()
+  {
+    var l = fun [this](x) { this.thing();  }
+    this.a(l)
+  }
+
+  def thing()
+  {
+    print("hello world");
+  }
+}
+var t = Test()
+t.b()
+
+

unittests/function_introspection.chai

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ def test_function(a)
 
 // test_function tests
 assert_equal(test_function.get_arity(), 1);
-assert_equal(trim(test_function.get_annotation()), "#Test Function Description");
 assert_equal(test_function.get_contained_functions().size(), 0);
 assert_equal(test_function.get_param_types().size(), 2);
 

unittests/global_lcase.chai

@@ -16,3 +16,8 @@ def f() {
 
 f();
 
+
+global &h = v;
+assert_true(h == v)
+v = 3;
+assert_true(h == 3)

unittests/init_if.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+if (var x = 2; x == 3) {
+  assert_true(false);
+} else if (var y = 3; y == 6) {
+  assert_true(false);
+} else { 
+  assert_equal(5, y + x);
+}

unittests/integer_literal_test.cpp

@@ -1,122 +1,284 @@
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp>
+#include "../static_libs/chaiscript_parser.hpp"
+#include "../static_libs/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp"
+
+
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+// ignore errors about negative unsigned integer literals
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4146)
+#endif
+
 
 #define TEST_LITERAL(v) test_literal(v, #v)
+#define TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(v) test_literal(v, #v, true)
 
 template<typename T>
-bool test_literal(T val, const std::string &str)
+bool test_literal(T val, const std::string &str, bool use_boxed_number = false)
 {
-  std::cout << "Comparing : " << val;
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
-  T val2 = chai.eval<T>(str);
-  std::cout << " " << val2 << '\n';
+  std::cout << '(' << str << ") Comparing : C++ '" << val;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+
+  // Note, after applying the `-` it's possible that chaiscript has internally converted
+  // between two equivalently sized types (ie, unsigned long and unsigned long long on a 64bit system)
+  // so we're going to allow some leeway with the signed tests
+  T val2 = [&](){
+    if (!use_boxed_number) {
+      return chai.eval<T>(str);
+    } else {
+      return chai.eval<chaiscript::Boxed_Number>(str).get_as_checked<T>();
+    }
+  }();
+
+  std::cout << "' chai '" << val2 << "'\n";
   return val == val2;
 }
 
 int main()
 {
-  if( TEST_LITERAL(0xF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) 
- 
- 
- && TEST_LITERAL(01)
- && TEST_LITERAL(017)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0177)
- && TEST_LITERAL(01777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(017777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0177777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(01777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(017777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(017777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(017777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(017777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(017777777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777777777777777)
+  if( 
+      TEST_LITERAL(0xF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) 
 
- && TEST_LITERAL(1)
- && TEST_LITERAL(17)
- && TEST_LITERAL(177)
- && TEST_LITERAL(1777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(17777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(177777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(1777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(17777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(177777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(1777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(17777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(177777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(1777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(17777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(177777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(1777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(17777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(177777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(1777777777777777777)
 
- && test_literal(0xF, "0b1111")
- && test_literal(0xFF, "0b11111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFF, "0b111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFF, "0b1111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && TEST_LITERAL(01)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(017)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0177)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(01777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(017777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0177777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(01777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(017777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(017777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(017777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(017777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(017777777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777777777777777)
 
- && test_literal(0x7, "0b111")
- && test_literal(0x7F, "0b1111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FF, "0b11111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFF, "0b111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFF, "0b1111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
-)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(1)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(17)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(177)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(1777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(17777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(177777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(1777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(17777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(177777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(1777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(17777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(177777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(1777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(17777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(177777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(1777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(17777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(177777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(1777777777777777777)
+
+      && test_literal(0xF, "0b1111")
+      && test_literal(0xFF, "0b11111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFF, "0b111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFF, "0b1111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+
+      && test_literal(0x7, "0b111")
+      && test_literal(0x7F, "0b1111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FF, "0b11111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFF, "0b111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFF, "0b1111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) 
+
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-01)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-017)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0177)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-01777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-017777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0177777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-01777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-017777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0177777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-01777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-017777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0177777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-01777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-017777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0177777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-01777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-017777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0177777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-01777777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-017777777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0177777777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-01777777777777777777777)
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-1)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-17)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-177)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-1777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-17777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-177777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-1777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-17777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-177777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-1777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-17777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-177777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-1777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-17777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-177777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-1777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-17777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-177777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-1777777777777777777)
+
+      // Test 8/16/24/32 bit boundaries for various types
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL(255)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(65535)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(16777215)
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+        // bug in cl.exe causes this to be incorrectly parsed as an unsigned
+        && TEST_LITERAL(4294967295)
+#endif
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-255)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-65535)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-16777215)
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+        // bug in cl.exe causes this to be incorrectly parsed as an unsigned
+        && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-4294967295)
+#endif
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL(255u)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(65535u)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(16777215u)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(4294967295u)
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-255u)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-65535u)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-16777215u)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-4294967295u)
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL(255l)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(65535l)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(16777215l)
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+        // bug in cl.exe causes this to be incorrectly parsed as an unsigned
+        && TEST_LITERAL(4294967295l)
+#endif
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-255l)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-65535l)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-16777215l)
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+        // bug in cl.exe causes this to be incorrectly parsed as an unsigned
+        && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-4294967295l)
+#endif
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL(255ul)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(65535ul)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(16777215ul)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(4294967295ul)
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-255ul)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-65535ul)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-16777215ul)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-4294967295ul)
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL(255ull)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(65535ull)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(16777215ull)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(4294967295ull)
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-255ull)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-65535ull)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-16777215ull)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-4294967295ull)
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL(255ll)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(65535ll)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(16777215ll)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(4294967295ll)
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-255ll)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-65535ll)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-16777215ll)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-4294967295ll)
+
+
+      )
   {
     return EXIT_SUCCESS;
   } else {
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
-
-
-
-
 }
+
+
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif

unittests/list_resize.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+load_module("stl_extra");
+
+auto list = List();
+
+list.resize(2);
+assert_equal(list.size(), 2);
+
+list.resize(6, "AAA");
+assert_equal(list.back(), "AAA");
+
+list.resize(0);
+assert_equal(list.size(), 0);
+

unittests/member_variable_access.chai

@@ -8,4 +8,6 @@ assert_equal(13, t0.val)
 assert_equal(15, t0.constMe().const_val)
 assert_equal(13, t0.constMe().val)
 
+assert_equal(15, t0.get_const_val_ptr())
+assert_equal(15, t0.const_val_ptr)