vpx/vp9/encoder/vp9_aq_cyclicrefresh.c

/*
 *  Copyright (c) 2014 The WebM project authors. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
 *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
 *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
 *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
 *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
 */

#include <limits.h>
#include <math.h>

#include "vpx_dsp/vpx_dsp_common.h"
#include "vpx_ports/system_state.h"

#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_aq_cyclicrefresh.h"

#include "vp9/common/vp9_seg_common.h"

#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_ratectrl.h"
#include "vp9/encoder/vp9_segmentation.h"

CYCLIC_REFRESH *vp9_cyclic_refresh_alloc(int mi_rows, int mi_cols) {
  size_t last_coded_q_map_size;
  CYCLIC_REFRESH *const cr = vpx_calloc(1, sizeof(*cr));
  if (cr == NULL) return NULL;

  cr->map = vpx_calloc(mi_rows * mi_cols, sizeof(*cr->map));
  if (cr->map == NULL) {
    vp9_cyclic_refresh_free(cr);
    return NULL;
  }
  last_coded_q_map_size = mi_rows * mi_cols * sizeof(*cr->last_coded_q_map);
  cr->last_coded_q_map = vpx_malloc(last_coded_q_map_size);
  if (cr->last_coded_q_map == NULL) {
    vp9_cyclic_refresh_free(cr);
    return NULL;
  }
  assert(MAXQ <= 255);
  memset(cr->last_coded_q_map, MAXQ, last_coded_q_map_size);
  return cr;
}

void vp9_cyclic_refresh_free(CYCLIC_REFRESH *cr) {
  vpx_free(cr->map);
  vpx_free(cr->last_coded_q_map);
  vpx_free(cr);
}

// Check if this coding block, of size bsize, should be considered for refresh
// (lower-qp coding). Decision can be based on various factors, such as
// size of the coding block (i.e., below min_block size rejected), coding
// mode, and rate/distortion.
static int candidate_refresh_aq(const CYCLIC_REFRESH *cr, const MODE_INFO *mi,
                                int64_t rate, int64_t dist, int bsize) {
  MV mv = mi->mv[0].as_mv;
  // Reject the block for lower-qp coding if projected distortion
  // is above the threshold, and any of the following is true:
  // 1) mode uses large mv
  // 2) mode is an intra-mode
  // Otherwise accept for refresh.
  if (dist > cr->thresh_dist_sb &&
      (mv.row > cr->motion_thresh || mv.row < -cr->motion_thresh ||
       mv.col > cr->motion_thresh || mv.col < -cr->motion_thresh ||
       !is_inter_block(mi)))
    return CR_SEGMENT_ID_BASE;
  else if (bsize >= BLOCK_16X16 && rate < cr->thresh_rate_sb &&
           is_inter_block(mi) && mi->mv[0].as_int == 0 &&
           cr->rate_boost_fac > 10)
    // More aggressive delta-q for bigger blocks with zero motion.
    return CR_SEGMENT_ID_BOOST2;
  else
    return CR_SEGMENT_ID_BOOST1;
}

// Compute delta-q for the segment.
static int compute_deltaq(const VP9_COMP *cpi, int q, double rate_factor) {
  const CYCLIC_REFRESH *const cr = cpi->cyclic_refresh;
  const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
  int deltaq = vp9_compute_qdelta_by_rate(rc, cpi->common.frame_type, q,
                                          rate_factor, cpi->common.bit_depth);
  if ((-deltaq) > cr->max_qdelta_perc * q / 100) {
    deltaq = -cr->max_qdelta_perc * q / 100;
  }
  return deltaq;
}

// For the just encoded frame, estimate the bits, incorporating the delta-q
// from non-base segment. For now ignore effect of multiple segments
// (with different delta-q). Note this function is called in the postencode
// (called from rc_update_rate_correction_factors()).
int vp9_cyclic_refresh_estimate_bits_at_q(const VP9_COMP *cpi,
                                          double correction_factor) {
  const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  const CYCLIC_REFRESH *const cr = cpi->cyclic_refresh;
  int estimated_bits;
  int mbs = cm->MBs;
  int num8x8bl = mbs << 2;
  // Weight for non-base segments: use actual number of blocks refreshed in
  // previous/just encoded frame. Note number of blocks here is in 8x8 units.
  double weight_segment1 = (double)cr->actual_num_seg1_blocks / num8x8bl;
  double weight_segment2 = (double)cr->actual_num_seg2_blocks / num8x8bl;
  // Take segment weighted average for estimated bits.
  estimated_bits =
      (int)((1.0 - weight_segment1 - weight_segment2) *
                vp9_estimate_bits_at_q(cm->frame_type, cm->base_qindex, mbs,
                                       correction_factor, cm->bit_depth) +
            weight_segment1 *
                vp9_estimate_bits_at_q(cm->frame_type,
                                       cm->base_qindex + cr->qindex_delta[1],
                                       mbs, correction_factor, cm->bit_depth) +
            weight_segment2 *
                vp9_estimate_bits_at_q(cm->frame_type,
                                       cm->base_qindex + cr->qindex_delta[2],
                                       mbs, correction_factor, cm->bit_depth));
  return estimated_bits;
}

// Prior to encoding the frame, estimate the bits per mb, for a given q = i and
// a corresponding delta-q (for segment 1). This function is called in the
// rc_regulate_q() to set the base qp index.
// Note: the segment map is set to either 0/CR_SEGMENT_ID_BASE (no refresh) or
// to 1/CR_SEGMENT_ID_BOOST1 (refresh) for each superblock, prior to encoding.
int vp9_cyclic_refresh_rc_bits_per_mb(const VP9_COMP *cpi, int i,
                                      double correction_factor) {
  const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  CYCLIC_REFRESH *const cr = cpi->cyclic_refresh;
  int bits_per_mb;
  int deltaq = 0;
  if (cpi->oxcf.speed < 8)
    deltaq = compute_deltaq(cpi, i, cr->rate_ratio_qdelta);
  else
    deltaq = -(cr->max_qdelta_perc * i) / 200;
  // Take segment weighted average for bits per mb.
  bits_per_mb = (int)((1.0 - cr->weight_segment) *
                          vp9_rc_bits_per_mb(cm->frame_type, i,
                                             correction_factor, cm->bit_depth) +
                      cr->weight_segment *
                          vp9_rc_bits_per_mb(cm->frame_type, i + deltaq,
                                             correction_factor, cm->bit_depth));
  return bits_per_mb;
}

// Prior to coding a given prediction block, of size bsize at (mi_row, mi_col),
// check if we should reset the segment_id, and update the cyclic_refresh map
// and segmentation map.
void vp9_cyclic_refresh_update_segment(VP9_COMP *const cpi, MODE_INFO *const mi,
                                       int mi_row, int mi_col, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
                                       int64_t rate, int64_t dist, int skip,
                                       struct macroblock_plane *const p) {
  const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  CYCLIC_REFRESH *const cr = cpi->cyclic_refresh;
  const int bw = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
  const int bh = num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
  const int xmis = VPXMIN(cm->mi_cols - mi_col, bw);
  const int ymis = VPXMIN(cm->mi_rows - mi_row, bh);
  const int block_index = mi_row * cm->mi_cols + mi_col;
  int refresh_this_block = candidate_refresh_aq(cr, mi, rate, dist, bsize);
  // Default is to not update the refresh map.
  int new_map_value = cr->map[block_index];
  int x = 0;
  int y = 0;

  int is_skin = 0;
  if (refresh_this_block == 0 && bsize <= BLOCK_16X16 &&
      cpi->use_skin_detection) {
    is_skin =
        vp9_compute_skin_block(p[0].src.buf, p[1].src.buf, p[2].src.buf,
                               p[0].src.stride, p[1].src.stride, bsize, 0, 0);
    if (is_skin) refresh_this_block = 1;
  }

  if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_VBR && mi->ref_frame[0] == GOLDEN_FRAME)
    refresh_this_block = 0;

  // If this block is labeled for refresh, check if we should reset the
  // segment_id.
  if (cyclic_refresh_segment_id_boosted(mi->segment_id)) {
    mi->segment_id = refresh_this_block;
    // Reset segment_id if it will be skipped.
    if (skip) mi->segment_id = CR_SEGMENT_ID_BASE;
  }

  // Update the cyclic refresh map, to be used for setting segmentation map
  // for the next frame. If the block  will be refreshed this frame, mark it
  // as clean. The magnitude of the -ve influences how long before we consider
  // it for refresh again.
  if (cyclic_refresh_segment_id_boosted(mi->segment_id)) {
    new_map_value = -cr->time_for_refresh;
  } else if (refresh_this_block) {
    // Else if it is accepted as candidate for refresh, and has not already
    // been refreshed (marked as 1) then mark it as a candidate for cleanup
    // for future time (marked as 0), otherwise don't update it.
    if (cr->map[block_index] == 1) new_map_value = 0;
  } else {
    // Leave it marked as block that is not candidate for refresh.
    new_map_value = 1;
  }

  // Update entries in the cyclic refresh map with new_map_value, and
  // copy mbmi->segment_id into global segmentation map.
  for (y = 0; y < ymis; y++)
    for (x = 0; x < xmis; x++) {
      int map_offset = block_index + y * cm->mi_cols + x;
      cr->map[map_offset] = new_map_value;
      cpi->segmentation_map[map_offset] = mi->segment_id;
    }
}

void vp9_cyclic_refresh_update_sb_postencode(VP9_COMP *const cpi,
                                             const MODE_INFO *const mi,
                                             int mi_row, int mi_col,
                                             BLOCK_SIZE bsize) {
  const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  CYCLIC_REFRESH *const cr = cpi->cyclic_refresh;
  const int bw = num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize];
  const int bh = num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[bsize];
  const int xmis = VPXMIN(cm->mi_cols - mi_col, bw);
  const int ymis = VPXMIN(cm->mi_rows - mi_row, bh);
  const int block_index = mi_row * cm->mi_cols + mi_col;
  int x, y;
  for (y = 0; y < ymis; y++)
    for (x = 0; x < xmis; x++) {
      int map_offset = block_index + y * cm->mi_cols + x;
      // Inter skip blocks were clearly not coded at the current qindex, so
      // don't update the map for them. For cases where motion is non-zero or
      // the reference frame isn't the previous frame, the previous value in
      // the map for this spatial location is not entirely correct.
      if ((!is_inter_block(mi) || !mi->skip) &&
          mi->segment_id <= CR_SEGMENT_ID_BOOST2) {
        cr->last_coded_q_map[map_offset] =
            clamp(cm->base_qindex + cr->qindex_delta[mi->segment_id], 0, MAXQ);
      } else if (is_inter_block(mi) && mi->skip &&
                 mi->segment_id <= CR_SEGMENT_ID_BOOST2) {
        cr->last_coded_q_map[map_offset] = VPXMIN(
            clamp(cm->base_qindex + cr->qindex_delta[mi->segment_id], 0, MAXQ),
            cr->last_coded_q_map[map_offset]);
      }
    }
}

// From the just encoded frame: update the actual number of blocks that were
// applied the segment delta q, and the amount of low motion in the frame.
// Also check conditions for forcing golden update, or preventing golden
// update if the period is up.
void vp9_cyclic_refresh_postencode(VP9_COMP *const cpi) {
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MODE_INFO **mi = cm->mi_grid_visible;
  CYCLIC_REFRESH *const cr = cpi->cyclic_refresh;
  RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
  unsigned char *const seg_map = cpi->segmentation_map;
  double fraction_low = 0.0;
  int force_gf_refresh = 0;
  int low_content_frame = 0;
  int mi_row, mi_col;
  cr->actual_num_seg1_blocks = 0;
  cr->actual_num_seg2_blocks = 0;
  for (mi_row = 0; mi_row < cm->mi_rows; mi_row++) {
    for (mi_col = 0; mi_col < cm->mi_cols; mi_col++) {
      MV mv = mi[0]->mv[0].as_mv;
      int map_index = mi_row * cm->mi_cols + mi_col;
      if (cyclic_refresh_segment_id(seg_map[map_index]) == CR_SEGMENT_ID_BOOST1)
        cr->actual_num_seg1_blocks++;
      else if (cyclic_refresh_segment_id(seg_map[map_index]) ==
               CR_SEGMENT_ID_BOOST2)
        cr->actual_num_seg2_blocks++;
      // Accumulate low_content_frame.
      if (is_inter_block(mi[0]) && abs(mv.row) < 16 && abs(mv.col) < 16)
        low_content_frame++;
      mi++;
    }
    mi += 8;
  }
  // Check for golden frame update: only for non-SVC and non-golden boost.
  if (!cpi->use_svc && cpi->ext_refresh_frame_flags_pending == 0 &&
      !cpi->oxcf.gf_cbr_boost_pct) {
    // Force this frame as a golden update frame if this frame changes the
    // resolution (resize_pending != 0).
    if (cpi->resize_pending != 0) {
      vp9_cyclic_refresh_set_golden_update(cpi);
      rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = rc->baseline_gf_interval;
      if (rc->frames_till_gf_update_due > rc->frames_to_key)
        rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = rc->frames_to_key;
      cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
      force_gf_refresh = 1;
    }
    // Update average of low content/motion in the frame.
    fraction_low = (double)low_content_frame / (cm->mi_rows * cm->mi_cols);
    cr->low_content_avg = (fraction_low + 3 * cr->low_content_avg) / 4;
    if (!force_gf_refresh && cpi->refresh_golden_frame == 1 &&
        rc->frames_since_key > rc->frames_since_golden + 1) {
      // Don't update golden reference if the amount of low_content for the
      // current encoded frame is small, or if the recursive average of the
      // low_content over the update interval window falls below threshold.
      if (fraction_low < 0.65 || cr->low_content_avg < 0.6) {
        cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 0;
      }
      // Reset for next internal.
      cr->low_content_avg = fraction_low;
    }
  }
}

// Set golden frame update interval, for non-svc 1 pass CBR mode.
void vp9_cyclic_refresh_set_golden_update(VP9_COMP *const cpi) {
  RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
  CYCLIC_REFRESH *const cr = cpi->cyclic_refresh;
  // Set minimum gf_interval for GF update to a multiple of the refresh period,
  // with some max limit. Depending on past encoding stats, GF flag may be
  // reset and update may not occur until next baseline_gf_interval.
  if (cr->percent_refresh > 0)
    rc->baseline_gf_interval = VPXMIN(4 * (100 / cr->percent_refresh), 40);
  else
    rc->baseline_gf_interval = 40;
  if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_VBR) rc->baseline_gf_interval = 20;
  if (rc->avg_frame_low_motion < 50 && rc->frames_since_key > 40)
    rc->baseline_gf_interval = 10;
}

// Update the segmentation map, and related quantities: cyclic refresh map,
// refresh sb_index, and target number of blocks to be refreshed.
// The map is set to either 0/CR_SEGMENT_ID_BASE (no refresh) or to
// 1/CR_SEGMENT_ID_BOOST1 (refresh) for each superblock.
// Blocks labeled as BOOST1 may later get set to BOOST2 (during the
// encoding of the superblock).
static void cyclic_refresh_update_map(VP9_COMP *const cpi) {
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  CYCLIC_REFRESH *const cr = cpi->cyclic_refresh;
  unsigned char *const seg_map = cpi->segmentation_map;
  int i, block_count, bl_index, sb_rows, sb_cols, sbs_in_frame;
  int xmis, ymis, x, y;
  int consec_zero_mv_thresh = 0;
  int qindex_thresh = 0;
  int count_sel = 0;
  int count_tot = 0;
  memset(seg_map, CR_SEGMENT_ID_BASE, cm->mi_rows * cm->mi_cols);
  sb_cols = (cm->mi_cols + MI_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / MI_BLOCK_SIZE;
  sb_rows = (cm->mi_rows + MI_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / MI_BLOCK_SIZE;
  sbs_in_frame = sb_cols * sb_rows;
  // Number of target blocks to get the q delta (segment 1).
  block_count = cr->percent_refresh * cm->mi_rows * cm->mi_cols / 100;
  // Set the segmentation map: cycle through the superblocks, starting at
  // cr->mb_index, and stopping when either block_count blocks have been found
  // to be refreshed, or we have passed through whole frame.
  assert(cr->sb_index < sbs_in_frame);
  i = cr->sb_index;
  cr->target_num_seg_blocks = 0;
  if (cpi->oxcf.content != VP9E_CONTENT_SCREEN) {
    consec_zero_mv_thresh = 100;
  }
  qindex_thresh =
      cpi->oxcf.content == VP9E_CONTENT_SCREEN
          ? vp9_get_qindex(&cm->seg, CR_SEGMENT_ID_BOOST2, cm->base_qindex)
          : vp9_get_qindex(&cm->seg, CR_SEGMENT_ID_BOOST1, cm->base_qindex);
  // More aggressive settings for noisy content.
  if (cpi->noise_estimate.enabled && cpi->noise_estimate.level >= kMedium) {
    consec_zero_mv_thresh = 60;
    qindex_thresh =
        VPXMAX(vp9_get_qindex(&cm->seg, CR_SEGMENT_ID_BOOST1, cm->base_qindex),
               cm->base_qindex);
  }
  do {
    int sum_map = 0;
    int consec_zero_mv_thresh_block = consec_zero_mv_thresh;
    // Get the mi_row/mi_col corresponding to superblock index i.
    int sb_row_index = (i / sb_cols);
    int sb_col_index = i - sb_row_index * sb_cols;
    int mi_row = sb_row_index * MI_BLOCK_SIZE;
    int mi_col = sb_col_index * MI_BLOCK_SIZE;
    assert(mi_row >= 0 && mi_row < cm->mi_rows);
    assert(mi_col >= 0 && mi_col < cm->mi_cols);
    bl_index = mi_row * cm->mi_cols + mi_col;
    // Loop through all 8x8 blocks in superblock and update map.
    xmis =
        VPXMIN(cm->mi_cols - mi_col, num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[BLOCK_64X64]);
    ymis =
        VPXMIN(cm->mi_rows - mi_row, num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[BLOCK_64X64]);
    if (cpi->noise_estimate.enabled && cpi->noise_estimate.level >= kMedium &&
        (xmis <= 2 || ymis <= 2))
      consec_zero_mv_thresh_block = 4;
    for (y = 0; y < ymis; y++) {
      for (x = 0; x < xmis; x++) {
        const int bl_index2 = bl_index + y * cm->mi_cols + x;
        // If the block is as a candidate for clean up then mark it
        // for possible boost/refresh (segment 1). The segment id may get
        // reset to 0 later depending on the coding mode.
        if (cr->map[bl_index2] == 0) {
          count_tot++;
          if (cr->last_coded_q_map[bl_index2] > qindex_thresh ||
              cpi->consec_zero_mv[bl_index2] < consec_zero_mv_thresh_block) {
            sum_map++;
            count_sel++;
          }
        } else if (cr->map[bl_index2] < 0) {
          cr->map[bl_index2]++;
        }
      }
    }
    // Enforce constant segment over superblock.
    // If segment is at least half of superblock, set to 1.
    if (sum_map >= xmis * ymis / 2) {
      for (y = 0; y < ymis; y++)
        for (x = 0; x < xmis; x++) {
          seg_map[bl_index + y * cm->mi_cols + x] = CR_SEGMENT_ID_BOOST1;
        }
      cr->target_num_seg_blocks += xmis * ymis;
    }
    i++;
    if (i == sbs_in_frame) {
      i = 0;
    }
  } while (cr->target_num_seg_blocks < block_count && i != cr->sb_index);
  cr->sb_index = i;
  cr->reduce_refresh = 0;
  if (count_sel<(3 * count_tot)>> 2) cr->reduce_refresh = 1;
}

// Set cyclic refresh parameters.
void vp9_cyclic_refresh_update_parameters(VP9_COMP *const cpi) {
  const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
  const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  CYCLIC_REFRESH *const cr = cpi->cyclic_refresh;
  int num8x8bl = cm->MBs << 2;
  int target_refresh = 0;
  double weight_segment_target = 0;
  double weight_segment = 0;
  int thresh_low_motion = (cm->width < 720) ? 55 : 20;
  cr->apply_cyclic_refresh = 1;
  if (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME || cpi->svc.temporal_layer_id > 0 ||
      (!cpi->use_svc && rc->avg_frame_low_motion < thresh_low_motion &&
       rc->frames_since_key > 40)) {
    cr->apply_cyclic_refresh = 0;
    return;
  }
  cr->percent_refresh = 10;
  if (cr->reduce_refresh) cr->percent_refresh = 5;
  cr->max_qdelta_perc = 60;
  cr->time_for_refresh = 0;
  cr->motion_thresh = 32;
  cr->rate_boost_fac = 15;
  // Use larger delta-qp (increase rate_ratio_qdelta) for first few (~4)
  // periods of the refresh cycle, after a key frame.
  // Account for larger interval on base layer for temporal layers.
  if (cr->percent_refresh > 0 &&
      rc->frames_since_key <
          (4 * cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers) * (100 / cr->percent_refresh)) {
    cr->rate_ratio_qdelta = 3.0;
  } else {
    cr->rate_ratio_qdelta = 2.0;
    if (cpi->noise_estimate.enabled && cpi->noise_estimate.level >= kMedium) {
      // Reduce the delta-qp if the estimated source noise is above threshold.
      cr->rate_ratio_qdelta = 1.7;
      cr->rate_boost_fac = 13;
    }
  }
  // Adjust some parameters for low resolutions.
  if (cm->width <= 352 && cm->height <= 288) {
    if (rc->avg_frame_bandwidth < 3000) {
      cr->motion_thresh = 16;
      cr->rate_boost_fac = 13;
    } else {
      cr->max_qdelta_perc = 70;
      cr->rate_ratio_qdelta = VPXMAX(cr->rate_ratio_qdelta, 2.5);
    }
  }
  if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_VBR) {
    // To be adjusted for VBR mode, e.g., based on gf period and boost.
    // For now use smaller qp-delta (than CBR), no second boosted seg, and
    // turn-off (no refresh) on golden refresh (since it's already boosted).
    cr->percent_refresh = 10;
    cr->rate_ratio_qdelta = 1.5;
    cr->rate_boost_fac = 10;
    if (cpi->refresh_golden_frame == 1) {
      cr->percent_refresh = 0;
      cr->rate_ratio_qdelta = 1.0;
    }
  }
  // Weight for segment prior to encoding: take the average of the target
  // number for the frame to be encoded and the actual from the previous frame.
  // Use the target if its less. To be used for setting the base qp for the
  // frame in vp9_rc_regulate_q.
  target_refresh = cr->percent_refresh * cm->mi_rows * cm->mi_cols / 100;
  weight_segment_target = (double)(target_refresh) / num8x8bl;
  weight_segment = (double)((target_refresh + cr->actual_num_seg1_blocks +
                             cr->actual_num_seg2_blocks) >>
                            1) /
                   num8x8bl;
  if (weight_segment_target < 7 * weight_segment / 8)
    weight_segment = weight_segment_target;
  cr->weight_segment = weight_segment;
}

// Setup cyclic background refresh: set delta q and segmentation map.
void vp9_cyclic_refresh_setup(VP9_COMP *const cpi) {
  VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
  CYCLIC_REFRESH *const cr = cpi->cyclic_refresh;
  struct segmentation *const seg = &cm->seg;
  if (cm->current_video_frame == 0) cr->low_content_avg = 0.0;
  if (!cr->apply_cyclic_refresh || (cpi->force_update_segmentation)) {
    // Set segmentation map to 0 and disable.
    unsigned char *const seg_map = cpi->segmentation_map;
    memset(seg_map, 0, cm->mi_rows * cm->mi_cols);
    vp9_disable_segmentation(&cm->seg);
    if (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME) {
      memset(cr->last_coded_q_map, MAXQ,
             cm->mi_rows * cm->mi_cols * sizeof(*cr->last_coded_q_map));
      cr->sb_index = 0;
      cr->reduce_refresh = 0;
    }
    return;
  } else {
    int qindex_delta = 0;
    int qindex2;
    const double q = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(cm->base_qindex, cm->bit_depth);
    vpx_clear_system_state();
    // Set rate threshold to some multiple (set to 2 for now) of the target
    // rate (target is given by sb64_target_rate and scaled by 256).
    cr->thresh_rate_sb = ((int64_t)(rc->sb64_target_rate) << 8) << 2;
    // Distortion threshold, quadratic in Q, scale factor to be adjusted.
    // q will not exceed 457, so (q * q) is within 32bit; see:
    // vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(), vp9_ac_quant(), ac_qlookup*[].
    cr->thresh_dist_sb = ((int64_t)(q * q)) << 2;

    // Set up segmentation.
    // Clear down the segment map.
    vp9_enable_segmentation(&cm->seg);
    vp9_clearall_segfeatures(seg);
    // Select delta coding method.
    seg->abs_delta = SEGMENT_DELTADATA;

    // Note: setting temporal_update has no effect, as the seg-map coding method
    // (temporal or spatial) is determined in vp9_choose_segmap_coding_method(),
    // based on the coding cost of each method. For error_resilient mode on the
    // last_frame_seg_map is set to 0, so if temporal coding is used, it is
    // relative to 0 previous map.
    // seg->temporal_update = 0;

    // Segment BASE "Q" feature is disabled so it defaults to the baseline Q.
    vp9_disable_segfeature(seg, CR_SEGMENT_ID_BASE, SEG_LVL_ALT_Q);
    // Use segment BOOST1 for in-frame Q adjustment.
    vp9_enable_segfeature(seg, CR_SEGMENT_ID_BOOST1, SEG_LVL_ALT_Q);
    // Use segment BOOST2 for more aggressive in-frame Q adjustment.
    vp9_enable_segfeature(seg, CR_SEGMENT_ID_BOOST2, SEG_LVL_ALT_Q);

    // Set the q delta for segment BOOST1.
    qindex_delta = compute_deltaq(cpi, cm->base_qindex, cr->rate_ratio_qdelta);
    cr->qindex_delta[1] = qindex_delta;

    // Compute rd-mult for segment BOOST1.
    qindex2 = clamp(cm->base_qindex + cm->y_dc_delta_q + qindex_delta, 0, MAXQ);

    cr->rdmult = vp9_compute_rd_mult(cpi, qindex2);

    vp9_set_segdata(seg, CR_SEGMENT_ID_BOOST1, SEG_LVL_ALT_Q, qindex_delta);

    // Set a more aggressive (higher) q delta for segment BOOST2.
    qindex_delta = compute_deltaq(
        cpi, cm->base_qindex,
        VPXMIN(CR_MAX_RATE_TARGET_RATIO,
               0.1 * cr->rate_boost_fac * cr->rate_ratio_qdelta));
    cr->qindex_delta[2] = qindex_delta;
    vp9_set_segdata(seg, CR_SEGMENT_ID_BOOST2, SEG_LVL_ALT_Q, qindex_delta);

    // Reset if resoluton change has occurred.
    if (cpi->resize_pending != 0) vp9_cyclic_refresh_reset_resize(cpi);

    // Update the segmentation and refresh map.
    cyclic_refresh_update_map(cpi);
  }
}

int vp9_cyclic_refresh_get_rdmult(const CYCLIC_REFRESH *cr) {
  return cr->rdmult;
}

void vp9_cyclic_refresh_reset_resize(VP9_COMP *const cpi) {
  const VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  CYCLIC_REFRESH *const cr = cpi->cyclic_refresh;
  memset(cr->map, 0, cm->mi_rows * cm->mi_cols);
  memset(cr->last_coded_q_map, MAXQ, cm->mi_rows * cm->mi_cols);
  cr->sb_index = 0;
  cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
  cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 1;
}