Applied all fixes related to translating C to C++ code

Also fixed some typos and code alignment
Also adapted tutorial CPP samples
Fixed some identation problems

samples/cpp/chamfer.cpp

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ int main( int argc, const char** argv )
         return -1;
     }
     Mat cimg;
-    cvtColor(img, cimg, CV_GRAY2BGR);
+    cvtColor(img, cimg, COLOR_GRAY2BGR);
 
     // if the image and the template are not edge maps but normal grayscale images,
     // you might want to uncomment the lines below to produce the maps. You can also