Merge pull request #332 from ftk/develop

Ability to disable module loading support at compile time

.travis.yml

@@ -1,33 +1,62 @@
 language: cpp
-compiler:
-  - gcc
-env:
-  matrix:
-    - GCC_VER="4.9"
-    - GCC_VER="5"
 
+
+addons:
+  apt:
+    sources: 
+      - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
+    packages:
+      - g++-4.9
+      - g++-5
+  coverity_scan:
+    project:
+      name: "ChaiScript/ChaiScript"
+      description: "Build submitted via Travis CI"
+    notification_email: jason@emptycrate.com
+    build_command_prepend: "cmake -D ENABLE_COVERAGE:BOOL=TRUE -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Debug . "
+    build_command:   "cmake --build . -- -j2"
+    branch_pattern: coverity_scan
+      
+matrix:
+  include:
+    - os: linux
+      sudo: false
+      env: GCC_VER="4.9"
+      compiler: gcc
+    - os: linux
+      sudo: false
+      env: GCC_VER="4.9" CMAKE_OPTIONS="-D DYNLOAD_ENABLED:BOOL=FALSE -D MULTITHREAD_SUPPORT_ENABLED:BOOL=FALSE -D USE_STD_MAKE_SHARED:BOOL=TRUE" BUILD_ONLY=1
+      compiler: gcc
+    - os: linux
+      sudo: false
+      env: GCC_VER="5" CPPCHECK=1 COVERAGE=1 CMAKE_OPTIONS="-D RUN_FUZZY_TESTS:BOOL=TRUE"
+      compiler: gcc
+    - os: osx
+      compiler: clang
+      osx_image: xcode8
+    - os: osx
+      compiler: clang
+      osx_image: xcode8
+      env: CMAKE_OPTIONS="-D DYNLOAD_ENABLED:BOOL=FALSE -D MULTITHREAD_SUPPORT_ENABLED:BOOL=FALSE -D USE_STD_MAKE_SHARED:BOOL=TRUE" BUILD_ONLY=1
+  
+env:
   global:
     - secure: eiaR6pXiiEpyB8+LLQ1NvZdl0Yylru1BLy9lMoHl+IpUNGGQGywmW/2WAn77rFfmR1OPA2qWQLfgPwgK0HxUA9HHlot9tre5QhiN2Lw8NOT8tCZ6tTm2+QntDBjBGJyal/knRvQkn/6qs6GxlXRerz4ArnnuPL1vESt3zwB0YtU=
     # The next declaration is the encrypted COVERITY_SCAN_TOKEN, created
     - secure: "LfolGjP8tWm3yAwthfu3yp8Zn40aueFae580UUR34gusG87cyglq2tQDtxdy+63gWEeNfArbv9n5rZv+bDW3ggHyPjuCKKc1PlZAy07lfXUXf1uz+SFhNvNoYTn3mQG3VZ08o116p4Le2p8yqu4bylJ8wckEq7PrTwvSGVQWTWM="
 
 before_install:
-  - export CXX="g++-$GCC_VER" CC="gcc-$GCC_VER" GCOV="gcov-$GCC_VER"
-  - if [ "$GCC_VER" = "5" ]; then export COVERAGE=1 CPPCHECK=1; fi
-  - if [ ${COVERAGE} = 1 ]; then export FUZZY_CMD="-D RUN_FUZZY_TESTS:BOOL=TRUE"; fi
-  - sudo pip install cpp-coveralls
-  - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test -y
-  - sudo apt-get update
-  - sudo apt-get install -qq g++-$GCC_VER
+  - if [ "${GCC_VER}" != "" ]; then export CXX="g++-$GCC_VER" CC="gcc-$GCC_VER" GCOV="gcov-$GCC_VER" ; fi
+  - pip install --user cpp-coveralls
 
 script: 
-  - if [ ${COVERITY_SCAN_BRANCH} != 1 ]; then cmake -D ENABLE_COVERAGE:BOOL=TRUE -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Debug $FUZZY_CMD . ; fi
-  - if [ ${COVERITY_SCAN_BRANCH} != 1 ]; then make -j2 ; fi
-  - make test
-  - if [ ${COVERAGE} = 1 ]; then bash <(curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/codecov/codecov-bash/master/codecov) -x $GCOV -a "-s `pwd`" ; fi
+  - cmake -D ENABLE_COVERAGE:BOOL=TRUE -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Debug $CMAKE_OPTIONS . 
+  - cmake --build . -- -j2
+  - if [ "${BUILD_ONLY}" != "1" ]; then ctest; fi
+  - if [ "${COVERAGE}" = "1" ]; then bash <(curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/codecov/codecov-bash/master/codecov) -x $GCOV -a "-s `pwd`" ; fi
 
-after_script:
-  - if [ ${CPPCHECK} = 1 ]; then contrib/codeanalysis/runcppcheck.sh ; fi
+#after_script:
+#  - if [ ${CPPCHECK} = 1 ]; then contrib/codeanalysis/runcppcheck.sh ; fi
 
 
 notifications:
@@ -42,15 +71,3 @@ notifications:
     on_success: change  # options: [always|never|change] default: always
     on_failure: always  # options: [always|never|change] default: always
     on_start: false     # default: false
-
-addons:
-  coverity_scan:
-    project:
-      name: "ChaiScript/ChaiScript"
-      description: "Build submitted via Travis CI"
-    notification_email: jason@emptycrate.com
-    build_command_prepend: "cmake -D ENABLE_COVERAGE:BOOL=TRUE -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Debug . "
-    build_command:   "cmake --build . -- -j2"
-    branch_pattern: coverity_scan
-
-

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ ELSE()
 project(chaiscript)
 
 option(MULTITHREAD_SUPPORT_ENABLED "Multithreaded Support Enabled" TRUE)
+option(DYNLOAD_ENABLED "Dynamic Loading Support Enabled" TRUE)
 
 
 option(BUILD_MODULES "Build Extra Modules (stl)" TRUE)
@@ -221,9 +222,15 @@ if(NOT MULTITHREAD_SUPPORT_ENABLED)
   add_definitions(-DCHAISCRIPT_NO_THREADS)
 endif()
 
+if(NOT DYNLOAD_ENABLED)
+  add_definitions(-DCHAISCRIPT_NO_DYNLOAD)
+endif()
+
 if(CMAKE_HOST_UNIX)
-  if(NOT ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "FreeBSD" AND NOT ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Haiku")
-    list(APPEND LIBS "dl")
+  if(DYNLOAD_ENABLED)
+    if(NOT ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "FreeBSD" AND NOT ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Haiku")
+      list(APPEND LIBS "dl")
+    endif()
   endif()
 
   if(MULTITHREAD_SUPPORT_ENABLED)
@@ -249,27 +256,30 @@ set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} ${LINKER_FLAGS}")
 set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS} ${LINKER_FLAGS}")
 set(CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS} ${LINKER_FLAGS}")
 
+add_library(stdlib STATIC static_libs/chaiscript_stdlib.cpp)
+add_library(parser STATIC static_libs/chaiscript_parser.cpp)
 
-add_library(chaiscript_stdlib-${CHAI_VERSION} MODULE src/chaiscript_stdlib.cpp)
+add_library(chaiscript_stdlib-${CHAI_VERSION} MODULE src/chaiscript_stdlib_module.cpp)
 target_link_libraries(chaiscript_stdlib-${CHAI_VERSION} ${LIBS} ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
 
+set(CHAISCRIPT_LIBS stdlib parser)
+
 add_executable(chai src/main.cpp ${Chai_INCLUDES})
-target_link_libraries(chai ${LIBS})
-add_dependencies(chai chaiscript_stdlib-${CHAI_VERSION})
+target_link_libraries(chai ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
 
 if(BUILD_SAMPLES)
   add_executable(example samples/example.cpp)
   target_link_libraries(example ${LIBS})
   add_executable(test_num_exceptions samples/test_num_exceptions.cpp)
-  target_link_libraries(test_num_exceptions ${LIBS})
+  target_link_libraries(test_num_exceptions ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
   add_executable(memory_leak_test samples/memory_leak_test.cpp)
-  target_link_libraries(memory_leak_test ${LIBS})
+  target_link_libraries(memory_leak_test ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
   add_executable(inheritance samples/inheritance.cpp)
-  target_link_libraries(inheritance ${LIBS})
+  target_link_libraries(inheritance ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
   add_executable(factory samples/factory.cpp)
-  target_link_libraries(factory ${LIBS})
+  target_link_libraries(factory ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
   add_executable(fun_call_performance samples/fun_call_performance.cpp)
-  target_link_libraries(fun_call_performance ${LIBS})
+  target_link_libraries(fun_call_performance ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
 endif()
 
 
@@ -295,7 +305,7 @@ if (RUN_FUZZY_TESTS)
   file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/unittests")
 
   execute_process(
-    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E tar xjf ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/unittests/fuzzy_tests-2015-07-16.tar.bz2
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E tar xjf ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/unittests/fuzzy_tests-2016-06-29.tar.bz2
     WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/unittests
     )
 
@@ -421,9 +431,12 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
 
   if(NOT UNIT_TEST_LIGHT)
     add_executable(compiled_tests unittests/compiled_tests.cpp)
-    target_link_libraries(compiled_tests ${LIBS})
+    target_link_libraries(compiled_tests ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
     ADD_CATCH_TESTS(compiled_tests)
 
+    add_executable(static_chaiscript_test unittests/static_chaiscript.cpp)
+    target_link_libraries(static_chaiscript_test ${LIBS})
+    add_test(NAME Static_ChaiScript_Test COMMAND static_chaiscript_test)
 
     add_executable(boxed_cast_test unittests/boxed_cast_test.cpp)
     target_link_libraries(boxed_cast_test ${LIBS})
@@ -434,11 +447,11 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
     add_test(NAME Type_Info_Test COMMAND type_info_test)
 
     add_executable(c_linkage_test unittests/c_linkage_test.cpp)
-    target_link_libraries(c_linkage_test ${LIBS})
+    target_link_libraries(c_linkage_test ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
     add_test(NAME C_Linkage_Test COMMAND c_linkage_test)
 
     add_executable(integer_literal_test unittests/integer_literal_test.cpp)
-    target_link_libraries(integer_literal_test ${LIBS})
+    target_link_libraries(integer_literal_test ${LIBS} ${CHAISCRIPT_LIBS})
     add_test(NAME Integer_Literal_Test COMMAND integer_literal_test)
 
     if(MULTITHREAD_SUPPORT_ENABLED)

DesignGoals.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Introduction
+
+This document outlines the principles that drive the development of ChaiScript. ChaiScript does not intent to be the perfect tool for *every* situation, but it does intend to be a good general purpose tool for *most* situations.
+
+# Goals
+
+1. Trivially easy to integrate with C++ projects
+2. 0 external depenencies
+3. "Perfect" integration with C++
+   * Direct mapping between ChaiScript objects and C++ objects
+   * Direct mapping between ChaiScript functions and C++ functions
+   * Direct mapping between ChaiScript exceptions and C++ exceptions
+3. Never surprise the C++ developer
+   * Object lifetimes managed by the stack
+   * Familiar syntax to C++ developers
+4. Perform "well enough" to not get in the way
+
+
+# Alternatives
+
+## Sol2
+
+If you are looking for the fastest performing scripting language and don't mind Lua, you might want to consider [sol2](https://github.com/ThePhD/sol2).
+
+## SWIG
+
+If you are looking for the most flexible solution to be able to support multiple target languages, consider [SWIG](http://swig.org)
+

cheatsheet.md

@@ -27,6 +27,13 @@ chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Class::method_name), "method_name");
 chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Class::member_name), "member_name");
 ```
 
+### Bound Member Functions
+
+```
+chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Class::method_name, Class_instance_ptr), "method_name");
+chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Class::member_name, Class_instance_ptr), "member_name");
+```
+
 ### With Overloads 
 
 #### Preferred
@@ -84,6 +91,49 @@ chai.add(chaiscript::user_type<MyClass>(), "MyClass");
 
 User defined type conversions are possible, defined in either script or in C++.
 
+
+
+### ChaiScript Defined Conversions
+
+Function objects (including lambdas) can be used to add type conversions
+from inside of ChaiScript:
+
+```
+add_type_conversion(type("string"), type("Type_Info"), fun(s) { return type(s); });
+```
+
+### C++ Defined Conversions
+
+Invoking a C++ type conversion possible with `static_cast`
+
+```
+chai.add(chaiscript::type_conversion<T, bool>());
+```
+
+Calling a user defined type conversion that takes a lambda
+
+```
+chai.add(chaiscript::type_conversion<TestBaseType, Type2>([](const TestBaseType &t_bt) { /* return converted thing */ }));
+```
+
+### Class Hierarchies
+
+If you want objects to be convertable between base and derived classes, you must tell ChaiScritp about the relationship.
+
+```
+chai.add(chaiscript::base_class<Base, Derived>());
+```
+
+If you have multiple classes in your inheritance graph, you will probably want to tell ChaiScript about all relationships.
+
+```
+chai.add(chaiscript::base_class<Base, Derived>());
+chai.add(chaiscript::base_class<Derived, MoreDerived>());
+chai.add(chaiscript::base_class<Base, MoreDerived>());
+```
+
+### Helpers
+
 A helper function exists for strongly typed and ChaiScript `Vector` function conversion definition:
 
 ```
@@ -97,6 +147,7 @@ chai.add(chaiscript::map_conversion<std::map<std::string, int>>());
 ```
 
 
+
 This allows you to pass a ChaiScript function to a function requiring `std::vector<int>`
 
 ## Adding Objects
@@ -111,6 +162,7 @@ chai.add_global_const(chaiscript::const_var(somevar), "somevar"); // global cons
 chai.add_global(chaiscript::var(somevar), "somevar"); // global non-const, throws if object exists
 chai.set_global(chaiscript::var(somevar), "somevar"); // global non-const, overwrites existing object
 ```
+
 # Using STL
 ChaiScript recognize many types from STL, but you have to add specific instantiation yourself.
 
@@ -170,7 +222,7 @@ Conversion to `std::shared_ptr<T> &` is supported for function calls, but if you
 ```cpp
 // ok this is supported, you can register it with chaiscript engine
 void nullify_shared_ptr(std::shared_ptr<int> &t) {
-  t == nullptr
+  t = nullptr
 }
 ```
 
@@ -260,6 +312,44 @@ if (g2.is_var_undef()) { g2 = 4; } // only initialize g2 once, if global decl hi
 GLOBAL g3; // all upper case version also accepted
 ```
 
+## Looping
+
+```
+// c-style for loops
+for (var i = 0; i < 100; ++i) { print(i); }
+```
+
+```
+// while
+while (some_condition()) { /* do something */ }
+```
+
+```
+// ranged for
+for (x : [1,2,3]) { print(i); }
+```
+
+Each of the loop styles can be broken using the `break` statement. For example:
+
+```
+while (some_condition()) {
+  /* do something */
+  if (another_condition()) { break; }
+}
+```
+
+## Conditionals
+
+```
+if (expression) { }
+```
+
+```
+// C++17-style init-if blocks
+// Value of 'statement' is scoped for entire `if` block
+if (statement; expression) { }
+```
+
 ## Built in Types
 
 ```
@@ -418,9 +508,33 @@ the contained function.
 
 If both a 2 parameter and a 3 parameter signature match, the 3 parameter function always wins.
 
+## Context
+
+ * `__LINE__` Current file line number
+ * `__FILE__` Full path of current file
+ * `__CLASS__` Name of current class
+ * `__FUNC__` Mame of current function
+
 
 # Built In Functions
 
+## Disabling Built-Ins
+
+When constructing a ChaiScript object, a vector of parameters can be passed in to disable or enable various built-in methods.
+
+Current options:
+
+```
+enum class Options
+{
+  Load_Modules,
+  No_Load_Modules,
+  External_Scripts,
+  No_External_Scripts
+};
+```
+
+
 ## Evaluation
 
 ```
@@ -432,4 +546,7 @@ use("filename") // evals file exactly once and returns value of last statement
 
 Both `use` and `eval_file` search the 'usepaths' passed to the ChaiScript constructor
 
+## JSON
 
+ * `from_json` converts a JSON string into its strongly typed (map, vector, int, double, string) representations
+ * `to_json` converts a ChaiScript object (either a `Object` or one of map, vector, int, double, string) tree into its JSON string representation

contrib/codeanalysis/runcppcheck.sh

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ pushd ..
 wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/cppcheck/files/cppcheck/1.66/cppcheck-1.66.tar.bz2
 tar -xvf cppcheck-1.66.tar.bz2
 cd cppcheck-1.66
-CXX=g++-4.8 make -j2
+make -j2
 popd
 ../cppcheck-1.66/cppcheck --enable=all -I include --inline-suppr --suppress=missingIncludeSystem --std=c++11 --platform=unix64 src/main.cpp src/chai*.cpp --template ' - __{severity}__: [{file}:{line}](../blob/TRAVIS_COMMIT/{file}#L{line}) {message} ({id})'  2>output
 sed -i "s/TRAVIS_COMMIT/${TRAVIS_COMMIT}/g" output

contrib/sublimetext/ChaiScript.YAML-tmLanguage

@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-# [PackageDev] target_format: plist, ext: tmLanguage
----
-comment: 'ChaiScript Syntax: version 2.0'
-fileTypes: [chai]
-firstLineMatch: ^#!/usr/bin/env node
-foldingStartMarker: ^.*\bdef\s*(\w+\s*)?\([^\)]*\)(\s*\{[^\}]*)?\s*$
-foldingStopMarker: ^\s*\}
-keyEquivalent: ^~J
-name: ChaiScript
-patterns:
-- {comment: chaiscript shebang, match: ^#, name: comment.line.chai}
-- {match: '\b((0(x|X)[0-9a-fA-F]+)|([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?))\b', name: constant.numeric.chai}
-- begin: ''''
-  beginCaptures:
-    '0': {name: punctuation.definition.string.begin.chai}
-  end: ''''
-  endCaptures:
-    '0': {name: punctuation.definition.string.end.chai}
-  name: string.quoted.single.chai
-  patterns:
-  - {match: '\\(x\h{2}|[0-2][0-7]{,2}|3[0-6][0-7]?|37[0-7]?|[4-7][0-7]?|.)', name: constant.character.escape.chai}
-- begin: '"'
-  beginCaptures:
-    '0': {name: punctuation.definition.string.begin.chai}
-  end: '"'
-  endCaptures:
-    '0': {name: punctuation.definition.string.end.chai}
-  name: string.quoted.double.chai
-  patterns:
-  - {match: '\\(x\h{2}|[0-2][0-7]{,2}|3[0-6][0-7]|37[0-7]?|[4-7][0-7]?|.)', name: constant.character.escape.chai}
-- begin: /\*\*(?!/)
-  captures:
-    '0': {name: punctuation.definition.comment.chai}
-  end: \*/
-  name: comment.block.documentation.chai
-- begin: /\*
-  captures:
-    '0': {name: punctuation.definition.comment.chai}
-  end: \*/
-  name: comment.block.chai
-- captures:
-    '1': {name: punctuation.definition.comment.chai}
-  match: (//).*$\n?
-  name: comment.line.double-slash.chai
-- captures:
-    '0': {name: punctuation.definition.comment.html.chai}
-    '2': {name: punctuation.definition.comment.html.chai}
-  match: (<!--|-->)
-  name: comment.block.html.chai
-- {match: \b(boolean|byte|char|class|double|enum|float|fun|def|int|interface|long|short|var|auto|attr)\b,
-  name: storage.type.chai}
-- {match: \b(break|case|catch|continue|default|do|else|finally|else if|for|goto|if|return|switch|throw|try|while)\b,
-  name: keyword.control.chai}
-- {match: \b(delete|in|instanceof|new|typeof|with)\b, name: keyword.operator.chai}
-- {match: \btrue\b, name: constant.language.boolean.true.chai}
-- {match: \bfalse\b, name: constant.language.boolean.false.chai}
-- {match: \bnull\b, name: constant.language.null.chai}
-- {match: \b(Anchor|Applet|Area|Array|Boolean|Button|Checkbox|Date|document|event|FileUpload|Form|Frame|Function|Hidden|History|Image|JavaArray|JavaClass|JavaObject|JavaPackage|java|Layer|Link|Location|Math|MimeType|Number|navigator|netscape|Object|Option|Packages|Password|Plugin|Radio|RegExp|Reset|Select|String|Style|Submit|screen|sun|Text|Textarea|window|XMLHttpRequest)\b,
-  name: support.class.chai}
-- {match: '\b(s(h(ift|ow(Mod(elessDialog|alDialog)|Help))|croll(X|By(Pages|Lines)?|Y|To)?|t(op|rike)|i(n|zeToContent|debar|gnText)|ort|u(p|b(str(ing)?)?)|pli(ce|t)|e(nd|t(Re(sizable|questHeader)|M(i(nutes|lliseconds)|onth)|Seconds|Ho(tKeys|urs)|Year|Cursor|Time(out)?|Interval|ZOptions|Date|UTC(M(i(nutes|lliseconds)|onth)|Seconds|Hours|Date|FullYear)|FullYear|Active)|arch)|qrt|lice|avePreferences|mall)|h(ome|andleEvent)|navigate|c(har(CodeAt|At)|o(s|n(cat|textual|firm)|mpile)|eil|lear(Timeout|Interval)?|a(ptureEvents|ll)|reate(StyleSheet|Popup|EventObject))|t(o(GMTString|S(tring|ource)|U(TCString|pperCase)|Lo(caleString|werCase))|est|a(n|int(Enabled)?))|i(s(NaN|Finite)|ndexOf|talics)|d(isableExternalCapture|ump|etachEvent)|u(n(shift|taint|escape|watch)|pdateCommands)|j(oin|avaEnabled)|p(o(p|w)|ush|lugins.refresh|a(ddings|rse(Int|Float)?)|r(int|ompt|eference))|e(scape|nableExternalCapture|val|lementFromPoint|x(p|ec(Script|Command)?))|valueOf|UTC|queryCommand(State|Indeterm|Enabled|Value)|f(i(nd|le(ModifiedDate|Size|CreatedDate|UpdatedDate)|xed)|o(nt(size|color)|rward)|loor|romCharCode)|watch|l(ink|o(ad|g)|astIndexOf)|a(sin|nchor|cos|t(tachEvent|ob|an(2)?)|pply|lert|b(s|ort))|r(ou(nd|teEvents)|e(size(By|To)|calc|turnValue|place|verse|l(oad|ease(Capture|Events)))|andom)|g(o|et(ResponseHeader|M(i(nutes|lliseconds)|onth)|Se(conds|lection)|Hours|Year|Time(zoneOffset)?|Da(y|te)|UTC(M(i(nutes|lliseconds)|onth)|Seconds|Hours|Da(y|te)|FullYear)|FullYear|A(ttention|llResponseHeaders)))|m(in|ove(B(y|elow)|To(Absolute)?|Above)|ergeAttributes|a(tch|rgins|x))|b(toa|ig|o(ld|rderWidths)|link|ack))\b(?=\()',
-  name: support.function.chai}
-- {match: '\b(s(ub(stringData|mit)|plitText|e(t(NamedItem|Attribute(Node)?)|lect))|has(ChildNodes|Feature)|namedItem|c(l(ick|o(se|neNode))|reate(C(omment|DATASection|aption)|T(Head|extNode|Foot)|DocumentFragment|ProcessingInstruction|E(ntityReference|lement)|Attribute))|tabIndex|i(nsert(Row|Before|Cell|Data)|tem)|open|delete(Row|C(ell|aption)|T(Head|Foot)|Data)|focus|write(ln)?|a(dd|ppend(Child|Data))|re(set|place(Child|Data)|move(NamedItem|Child|Attribute(Node)?)?)|get(NamedItem|Element(sBy(Name|TagName)|ById)|Attribute(Node)?)|blur)\b(?=\()',
-  name: support.function.dom.chai}
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-			<string>\bon(R(ow(s(inserted|delete)|e(nter|xit))|e(s(ize(start|end)?|et)|adystatechange))|Mouse(o(ut|ver)|down|up|move)|B(efore(cut|deactivate|u(nload|pdate)|p(aste|rint)|editfocus|activate)|lur)|S(croll|top|ubmit|elect(start|ionchange)?)|H(over|elp)|C(hange|ont(extmenu|rolselect)|ut|ellchange|l(ick|ose))|D(eactivate|ata(setc(hanged|omplete)|available)|r(op|ag(start|over|drop|en(ter|d)|leave)?)|blclick)|Unload|P(aste|ropertychange)|Error(update)?|Key(down|up|press)|Focus|Load|A(ctivate|fter(update|print)|bort))\b</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>support.function.event-handler.chai</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>!|\$|%|&amp;|\*|\-\-|\-|\+\+|\+|~|===|==|=|!=|!==|&lt;=|&gt;=|&lt;&lt;=|&gt;&gt;=|&gt;&gt;&gt;=|&lt;&gt;|&lt;|&gt;|!|&amp;&amp;|\|\||\?\:|\*=|(?&lt;!\()/=|%=|\+=|\-=|&amp;=|\^=|\b(in|instanceof|new|delete|typeof|void)\b</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>keyword.operator.chai</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>\b(Infinity|NaN|undefined)\b</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>constant.language.chai</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>begin</key>
-			<string>(?&lt;=[=(:]|^|return|&amp;&amp;|\|\||!)\s*(/)(?![/*+{}?])</string>
-			<key>beginCaptures</key>
-			<dict>
-				<key>1</key>
-				<dict>
-					<key>name</key>
-					<string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.chai</string>
-				</dict>
-			</dict>
-			<key>end</key>
-			<string>(/)[igm]*</string>
-			<key>endCaptures</key>
-			<dict>
-				<key>1</key>
-				<dict>
-					<key>name</key>
-					<string>punctuation.definition.string.end.chai</string>
-				</dict>
-			</dict>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>string.regexp.chai</string>
-			<key>patterns</key>
-			<array>
-				<dict>
-					<key>match</key>
-					<string>\\.</string>
-					<key>name</key>
-					<string>constant.character.escape.chai</string>
-				</dict>
-			</array>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>\;</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>punctuation.terminator.statement.chai</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>,[ |\t]*</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>meta.delimiter.object.comma.chai</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>\.</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>meta.delimiter.method.period.chai</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>\{|\}</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>meta.brace.curly.chai</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>\(|\)</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>meta.brace.round.chai</string>
-		</dict>
-		<dict>
-			<key>match</key>
-			<string>\[|\]</string>
-			<key>name</key>
-			<string>meta.brace.square.chai</string>
-		</dict>
-	</array>
-	<key>scopeName</key>
-	<string>source.chai</string>
-	<key>uuid</key>
-	<string>93E017CC-6F27-11D9-90EB-000D93589AF6</string>
-</dict>
-</plist>

include/chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_HPP_
 
@@ -65,7 +69,7 @@
 /// int main()
 /// {
 ///   chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
-///   chai.add(&function, "function");
+///   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&function), "function");
 ///
 ///   double d = chai.eval<double>("function(3, 4.75);");
 /// } 
@@ -816,16 +820,26 @@
 /// @namespace chaiscript::detail
 /// @brief Classes and functions reserved for internal use. Items in this namespace are not supported.
 
-#include "chaiscript_defines.hpp"
-
-#include "dispatchkit/dispatchkit.hpp"
-#include "dispatchkit/function_call.hpp"
-#include "dispatchkit/dynamic_object.hpp"
-#include "dispatchkit/boxed_number.hpp"
-
-#include "language/chaiscript_eval.hpp"
-#include "language/chaiscript_engine.hpp"
+#include "chaiscript_basic.hpp"
+#include "language/chaiscript_parser.hpp"
+#include "chaiscript_stdlib.hpp"
 
 
+namespace chaiscript 
+{
+  class ChaiScript : public ChaiScript_Basic
+  {
+    public:
+      ChaiScript(std::vector<std::string> t_modulepaths = {},
+          std::vector<std::string> t_usepaths = {},
+          const std::vector<Options> &t_opts = {})
+        : ChaiScript_Basic(
+            chaiscript::Std_Lib::library(),
+            std::make_unique<parser::ChaiScript_Parser<eval::Noop_Tracer, optimizer::Optimizer_Default>>(),
+            t_modulepaths, t_usepaths, t_opts)
+        {
+        }
+  };
+}
 
 #endif /* CHAISCRIPT_HPP_ */

include/chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// This file is distributed under the BSD License.
+// See "license.txt" for details.
+// Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// http://www.chaiscript.com
+
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_BASIC_HPP_
+#define CHAISCRIPT_BASIC_HPP_
+
+#include "chaiscript_defines.hpp"
+
+#include "dispatchkit/dispatchkit.hpp"
+#include "dispatchkit/function_call.hpp"
+#include "dispatchkit/dynamic_object.hpp"
+#include "dispatchkit/boxed_number.hpp"
+
+#include "language/chaiscript_eval.hpp"
+#include "language/chaiscript_engine.hpp"
+
+// This file includes all of the basic requirements for ChaiScript,
+// to use, you might do something like:
+//
+
+/*
+
+#include "chaiscript_stdlib.hpp"
+#include "language/chaiscript_parser.hpp"
+
+ChaiScript_Basic chai(
+          chaiscript::Std_Lib::library(),
+          std::make_unique<parser::ChaiScript_Parser<eval::Noop_Tracer, optimizer::Optimizer_Default>>());
+
+*/
+
+// If you want a fully packaged ready to go ChaiScript, use chaiscript.hpp
+
+
+
+#endif /* CHAISCRIPT_BASIC_HPP_ */

include/chaiscript/chaiscript_defines.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_DEFINES_HPP_
@@ -9,9 +9,13 @@
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 #define CHAISCRIPT_STRINGIZE(x) "" #x
-#define CHAISCRIPT_COMPILER_VERSION CHAISCRIPT_STRINGIZE(_MSC_FULL_VER)
+#define CHAISCRIPT_STRINGIZE_EXPANDED(x) CHAISCRIPT_STRINGIZE(x)
+#define CHAISCRIPT_COMPILER_VERSION CHAISCRIPT_STRINGIZE_EXPANDED(_MSC_FULL_VER)
 #define CHAISCRIPT_MSVC _MSC_VER
 #define CHAISCRIPT_HAS_DECLSPEC
+
+static_assert(_MSC_FULL_VER >= 190024210, "Visual C++ 2015 Update 3 or later required");
+
 #else
 #define CHAISCRIPT_COMPILER_VERSION __VERSION__
 #endif
@@ -44,10 +48,6 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#if defined(CHAISCRIPT_MSVC) ||  (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ > 4) || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 8) || (defined(__llvm__) && !defined(CHAISCRIPT_LIBCPP))
-/// \todo Make this support other compilers when possible
-#define CHAISCRIPT_HAS_THREAD_LOCAL
-#endif
 
 #if defined(__llvm__)
 #define CHAISCRIPT_CLANG
@@ -60,6 +60,10 @@
 #define CHAISCRIPT_MODULE_EXPORT extern "C" 
 #endif
 
+#if defined(CHAISCRIPT_MSVC) || (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 5) || defined(CHAISCRIPT_CLANG)
+#define CHAISCRIPT_UTF16_UTF32
+#endif
+
 #ifdef _DEBUG
 #define CHAISCRIPT_DEBUG true
 #else
@@ -137,18 +141,11 @@ namespace chaiscript {
   };
 
 
-  template<typename Iter, typename Distance>
-    Iter advance_copy(Iter iter, Distance distance) {
-      std::advance(iter, static_cast<typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::difference_type>(distance));
-      return iter;
-    }
-
-
   template<typename T>
     auto parse_num(const char *t_str) -> typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>::value, T>::type
     {
       T t = 0;
-      for (char c = *t_str; (c = *t_str); ++t_str) {
+      for (char c = *t_str; (c = *t_str) != 0; ++t_str) {
         if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
           return t;
         }
@@ -209,6 +206,22 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       return parse_num<T>(t_str.c_str());
     }
 
+  enum class Options
+  {
+    No_Load_Modules,
+    Load_Modules,
+    No_External_Scripts,
+    External_Scripts
+  };
+
+  static inline std::vector<Options> default_options()
+  {
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_NO_DYNLOAD
+    return {Options::No_Load_Modules, Options::External_Scripts};
+#else
+    return {Options::Load_Modules, Options::External_Scripts};
+#endif
+  }
 }
 #endif
 

include/chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 #include "chaiscript_defines.hpp"
 #include "language/chaiscript_common.hpp"
 
+#include "dispatchkit/function_call.hpp"
+
 //#include "dispatchkit/dispatchkit.hpp"
 #include "dispatchkit/operators.hpp"
 #include "dispatchkit/bootstrap.hpp"
@@ -42,8 +44,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
       static ModulePtr library()
       {
- //       using namespace bootstrap;
-
         auto lib = std::make_shared<Module>();
         bootstrap::Bootstrap::bootstrap(*lib);
 

include/chaiscript/chaiscript_threading.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_THREADING_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_THREADING_HPP_
 
@@ -57,118 +61,71 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
       using std::recursive_mutex;
 
-#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_HAS_THREAD_LOCAL
       /// Typesafe thread specific storage. If threading is enabled, this class uses a mutex protected map. If
       /// threading is not enabled, the class always returns the same data, regardless of which thread it is called from.
       template<typename T>
         class Thread_Storage
         {
           public:
-
-            explicit Thread_Storage(void *t_key)
-              : m_key(t_key)
-            {
-            }
+            Thread_Storage() = default;
+            Thread_Storage(const Thread_Storage &) = delete;
+            Thread_Storage(Thread_Storage &&) = delete;
+            Thread_Storage &operator=(const Thread_Storage &) = delete;
+            Thread_Storage &operator=(Thread_Storage &&) = delete;
 
             ~Thread_Storage()
             {
-              t().erase(m_key);
+              if (!destroyed) {
+                t().erase(this);
+              }
             }
 
             inline const T *operator->() const
             {
-              return &(t()[m_key]);
+              return &(t()[const_cast<Thread_Storage *>(this)]);
             }
 
             inline const T &operator*() const
             {
-              return t()[m_key];
+              return t()[const_cast<Thread_Storage *>(this)];
             }
 
             inline T *operator->()
             {
-              return &(t()[m_key]);
+              return &(t()[this]);
             }
 
             inline T &operator*()
             {
-              return t()[m_key];
+              return t()[this];
             }
 
-
-            void *m_key;
-
           private:
-            static std::unordered_map<void*, T> &t()
+            struct Map_Holder {
+              std::unordered_map<Thread_Storage<T> *, T> map;
+
+              Map_Holder() = default;
+              Map_Holder(const Map_Holder &) = delete;
+              Map_Holder(Map_Holder &&) = delete;
+              Map_Holder& operator=(Map_Holder &&) = delete;
+              Map_Holder& operator=(const Map_Holder &&) = delete;
+              ~Map_Holder() {
+                // here is the theory:
+                //   * If the Map_Holder is destroyed before the Thread_Storage, a flag will get set
+                //   * If destroyed after the Thread_Storage, the * will have been removed from `map` and nothing will happen
+                for(auto &elem : map) { elem.first->destroyed = true; }
+              }
+            };
+
+            static std::unordered_map<Thread_Storage<T> *, T> &t()
             {
-              thread_local static std::unordered_map<void *, T> my_t;
-              return my_t;
+              thread_local Map_Holder my_map;
+              return my_map.map;
             }
+
+            bool destroyed{false};
         };
 
-#else
-
-#pragma message ("Threading without thread_local support is not well supported.")
-
-
-      /// Typesafe thread specific storage. If threading is enabled, this class uses a mutex protected map. If
-      /// threading is not enabled, the class always returns the same data, regardless of which thread it is called from.
-      /// 
-      /// This version is used if the compiler does not support thread_local
-      template<typename T>
-        class Thread_Storage
-        {
-          public:
-
-            explicit Thread_Storage(void *)
-            {
-            }
-
-            inline const T *operator->() const
-            {
-              return get_tls().get();
-            }
-
-            inline const T &operator*() const
-            {
-              return *get_tls();
-            }
-
-            inline T *operator->()
-            {
-              return get_tls().get();
-            }
-
-            inline T &operator*()
-            {
-              return *get_tls();
-            }
-
-
-          private:
-            /// \todo this leaks thread instances. It needs to be culled from time to time
-            std::shared_ptr<T> get_tls() const
-            {
-              unique_lock<mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-
-              const auto id = std::this_thread::get_id();
-              auto itr = m_instances.find(id);
-
-              if (itr != m_instances.end()) { return itr->second; }
-
-              std::shared_ptr<T> new_instance(std::make_shared<T>());
-
-              m_instances.insert(std::make_pair(id, new_instance));
-
-              return new_instance;
-            }
-
-
-            mutable mutex m_mutex;
-            mutable std::unordered_map<std::thread::id, std::shared_ptr<T> > m_instances;
-        };
-#endif // threading enabled but no tls
-
 #else // threading disabled
       template<typename T>
       class unique_lock 

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/any.hpp

@@ -21,10 +21,7 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       class bad_any_cast : public std::bad_cast
       {
         public:
-          bad_any_cast() noexcept
-            : m_what("bad any cast")
-          {
-          }
+          bad_any_cast() = default;
 
           bad_any_cast(const bad_any_cast &) = default;
 
@@ -37,7 +34,7 @@ namespace chaiscript {
           }
 
         private:
-          std::string m_what;
+          std::string m_what = "bad any cast";
       };
     }
   
@@ -75,7 +72,7 @@ namespace chaiscript {
             {
             }
 
-            virtual void *data() override
+            void *data() override
             {
               return &m_data;
             }
@@ -151,8 +148,7 @@ namespace chaiscript {
 
         const std::type_info & type() const
         {
-          if (m_data)
-          {
+          if (m_data) {
             return m_data->type();
           } else {
             return typeid(void);

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bad_boxed_cast.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_BAD_BOXED_CAST_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_BAD_BOXED_CAST_HPP_
 
@@ -31,31 +35,31 @@ namespace chaiscript
       public:
         bad_boxed_cast(Type_Info t_from, const std::type_info &t_to,
             std::string t_what) noexcept
-          : from(std::move(t_from)), to(&t_to), m_what(std::move(t_what))
+          : from(t_from), to(&t_to), m_what(std::move(t_what))
         {
         }
 
         bad_boxed_cast(Type_Info t_from, const std::type_info &t_to)
-          : from(std::move(t_from)), to(&t_to), m_what("Cannot perform boxed_cast: " + t_from.name() + " to: " + t_to.name())
+          : from(t_from), to(&t_to), m_what("Cannot perform boxed_cast: " + t_from.name() + " to: " + t_to.name())
         {
         }
 
         explicit bad_boxed_cast(std::string t_what) noexcept
-          : to(nullptr), m_what(std::move(t_what))
+          : m_what(std::move(t_what))
         {
         }
 
         bad_boxed_cast(const bad_boxed_cast &) = default;
-        virtual ~bad_boxed_cast() noexcept = default;
+        ~bad_boxed_cast() noexcept override = default;
 
         /// \brief Description of what error occurred
-        virtual const char * what() const noexcept override
+        const char * what() const noexcept override
         {
           return m_what.c_str();
         }
 
         Type_Info from; ///< Type_Info contained in the Boxed_Value
-        const std::type_info *to; ///< std::type_info of the desired (but failed) result type
+        const std::type_info *to = nullptr; ///< std::type_info of the desired (but failed) result type
 
       private:
         std::string m_what;

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bind_first.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_BIND_FIRST_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_BIND_FIRST_HPP_
 

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_BOOTSTRAP_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_BOOTSTRAP_HPP_
 
@@ -15,18 +19,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
   /// \brief Classes and functions useful for bootstrapping of ChaiScript and adding of new types
   namespace bootstrap
   {
-    namespace detail
-    {
-      /// \brief Constructs a new POD value object from a Boxed_Number
-      /// \param[in] v Boxed_Number to copy into the new object
-      /// \returns The newly created object.
-      template<typename P1>
-      std::shared_ptr<P1> construct_pod(const Boxed_Number &v)
-      {
-        return std::make_shared<P1>(v.get_as<P1>());
-      }
-    }
-
     template<typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_array<T>::value>::type >
       void array(const std::string &type, Module& m)
       {
@@ -110,7 +102,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename T>
     void construct_pod(const std::string &type, Module& m)
     {
-      m.add(fun(&detail::construct_pod<T>), type);
+      m.add(fun([](const Boxed_Number &bn){ return bn.get_as<T>(); }), type);
     }
 
 
@@ -161,15 +153,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// for handling of Proxy_Function object (that is,
     /// function variables.
     template<typename Type>
-    std::shared_ptr<Type> shared_ptr_clone(const std::shared_ptr<Type> &p)
+    auto shared_ptr_clone(const std::shared_ptr<Type> &p)
     {
       return p;
     }
 
     /// Specific version of shared_ptr_clone just for Proxy_Functions
     template<typename Type>
-    std::shared_ptr<typename std::remove_const<Type>::type> 
-        shared_ptr_unconst_clone(const std::shared_ptr<typename std::add_const<Type>::type> &p)
+    std::shared_ptr<typename std::remove_const<Type>::type> shared_ptr_unconst_clone(const std::shared_ptr<typename std::add_const<Type>::type> &p)
     {
       return std::const_pointer_cast<typename std::remove_const<Type>::type>(p);
     }

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap_stl.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 /// \file
 /// This file contains utility functions for registration of STL container
 /// classes. The methodology used is based on the SGI STL concepts.
@@ -37,11 +41,10 @@ namespace chaiscript
       /// Bidir_Range, based on the D concept of ranges.
       /// \todo Update the Range code to base its capabilities on
       ///       the user_typetraits of the iterator passed in
-      template<typename Container>
+      template<typename Container, typename IterType>
         struct Bidir_Range
         {
           typedef Container container_type;
-          typedef typename std::iterator_traits<typename Container::iterator>::reference reference_type;
 
           Bidir_Range(Container &c)
             : m_begin(c.begin()), m_end(c.end())
@@ -71,86 +74,28 @@ namespace chaiscript
             --m_end;
           }
 
-          reference_type front() const
+          decltype(auto) front() const
           {
             if (empty())
             {
               throw std::range_error("Range empty");
             }
-            return *m_begin;
+            return (*m_begin);
           }
 
-          reference_type back() const
+          decltype(auto) back() const
           {
             if (empty())
             {
               throw std::range_error("Range empty");
             }
-            typename Container::iterator pos = m_end;
+            auto pos = m_end;
             --pos;
-            return *(pos);
+            return (*(pos));
           }
 
-          typename Container::iterator m_begin;
-          typename Container::iterator m_end;
-        };
-
-      template<typename Container>
-        struct Const_Bidir_Range
-        {
-          typedef const Container container_type;
-          typedef typename std::iterator_traits<typename Container::const_iterator>::reference const_reference_type;
-
-          Const_Bidir_Range(const Container &c)
-            : m_begin(c.begin()), m_end(c.end())
-          {
-          }
-
-          bool empty() const
-          {
-            return m_begin == m_end;
-          }
-
-          void pop_front()
-          {
-            if (empty())
-            {
-              throw std::range_error("Range empty");
-            }
-            ++m_begin;
-          }
-
-          void pop_back()
-          {
-            if (empty())
-            {
-              throw std::range_error("Range empty");
-            }
-            --m_end;
-          }
-
-          const_reference_type front() const
-          {
-            if (empty())
-            {
-              throw std::range_error("Range empty");
-            }
-            return *m_begin;
-          }
-
-          const_reference_type back() const
-          {
-            if (empty())
-            {
-              throw std::range_error("Range empty");
-            }
-            typename Container::const_iterator pos = m_end;
-            --pos;
-            return *(pos);
-          }
-
-          typename Container::const_iterator m_begin;
-          typename Container::const_iterator m_end;
+          IterType m_begin;
+          IterType m_end;
         };
 
       namespace detail {
@@ -230,8 +175,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
       template<typename ContainerType>
         void input_range_type(const std::string &type, Module& m)
         {
-          detail::input_range_type_impl<Bidir_Range<ContainerType> >(type,m);
-          detail::input_range_type_impl<Const_Bidir_Range<ContainerType> >("Const_" + type, m);
+          detail::input_range_type_impl<Bidir_Range<ContainerType, typename ContainerType::iterator> >(type,m);
+          detail::input_range_type_impl<Bidir_Range<const ContainerType, typename ContainerType::const_iterator> >("Const_" + type,m);
         }
       template<typename ContainerType>
         ModulePtr input_range_type(const std::string &type)
@@ -482,12 +427,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
           m.add(user_type<PairType>(), type);
 
-
-          typename PairType::first_type PairType::* f = &PairType::first;
-          typename PairType::second_type PairType::* s = &PairType::second;
-
-          m.add(fun(f), "first");
-          m.add(fun(s), "second");
+          m.add(fun(&PairType::first), "first");
+          m.add(fun(&PairType::second), "second");
 
           basic_constructors<PairType>(type, m);
           m.add(constructor<PairType (const typename PairType::first_type &, const typename PairType::second_type &)>(), type);
@@ -605,7 +546,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
 
 
-      /// hopefully working List type
       /// http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/List.html
       template<typename ListType>
         void list_type(const std::string &type, Module& m)

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_cast.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_BOXED_CAST_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_BOXED_CAST_HPP_
 

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_cast_helper.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_BOXED_CAST_HELPER_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_BOXED_CAST_HELPER_HPP_
 
@@ -25,7 +29,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename T>
       T* throw_if_null(T *t)
       {
-        if (t) return t;
+        if (t) { return t; }
         throw std::runtime_error("Attempted to dereference null Boxed_Value");
       }
 
@@ -135,6 +139,50 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
       };
 
+    /// Cast_Helper_Inner for casting to a && type
+    template<typename Result>
+      struct Cast_Helper_Inner<Result &&>
+      {
+        static Result&& cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        {
+          return std::move(*static_cast<Result *>(verify_type(ob, typeid(Result), ob.get_ptr())));
+        }
+      };
+
+    /// Cast_Helper_Inner for casting to a std::unique_ptr<> && type
+    /// \todo Fix the fact that this has to be in a shared_ptr for now
+    template<typename Result>
+      struct Cast_Helper_Inner<std::unique_ptr<Result> &&>
+      {
+        static std::unique_ptr<Result> &&cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        {
+          return std::move(*(ob.get().cast<std::shared_ptr<std::unique_ptr<Result>>>()));
+        }
+      };
+
+    /// Cast_Helper_Inner for casting to a std::unique_ptr<> & type
+    /// \todo Fix the fact that this has to be in a shared_ptr for now
+    template<typename Result>
+      struct Cast_Helper_Inner<std::unique_ptr<Result> &>
+      {
+        static std::unique_ptr<Result> &cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        {
+          return *(ob.get().cast<std::shared_ptr<std::unique_ptr<Result>>>());
+        }
+      };
+
+    /// Cast_Helper_Inner for casting to a std::unique_ptr<> & type
+    /// \todo Fix the fact that this has to be in a shared_ptr for now
+    template<typename Result>
+      struct Cast_Helper_Inner<const std::unique_ptr<Result> &>
+      {
+        static std::unique_ptr<Result> &cast(const Boxed_Value &ob, const Type_Conversions_State *)
+        {
+          return *(ob.get().cast<std::shared_ptr<std::unique_ptr<Result>>>());
+        }
+      };
+
+
     /// Cast_Helper_Inner for casting to a std::shared_ptr<> type
     template<typename Result>
       struct Cast_Helper_Inner<std::shared_ptr<Result> >

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_number.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_BOXED_NUMERIC_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_BOXED_NUMERIC_HPP_
 
@@ -28,9 +31,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
   {
     struct arithmetic_error : std::runtime_error
     {
-      arithmetic_error(const std::string& reason) : std::runtime_error("Arithmetic error: " + reason) {}
+      explicit arithmetic_error(const std::string& reason) : std::runtime_error("Arithmetic error: " + reason) {}
       arithmetic_error(const arithmetic_error &) = default;
-      virtual ~arithmetic_error() noexcept = default;
+      ~arithmetic_error() noexcept override = default;
     };
   }
 }
@@ -585,6 +588,67 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
       }
 
+      template<typename Source, typename Target> 
+      static void check_type()
+      {
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+// MSVC complains about this being redundant / tautologica l
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4127 6287)
+#endif
+        if (sizeof(Source) != sizeof(Target)
+            || std::is_signed<Source>() != std::is_signed<Target>()
+            || std::is_floating_point<Source>() != std::is_floating_point<Target>())
+        {
+          throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
+        }
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+      }
+
+      template<typename Target> Target get_as_checked() const
+      {
+        switch (get_common_type(bv)) {
+          case Common_Types::t_int32:
+            check_type<int32_t, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, int32_t>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_uint8:
+            check_type<uint8_t, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, uint8_t>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_int8:
+            check_type<int8_t, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, int8_t>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_uint16:
+            check_type<uint16_t, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, uint16_t>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_int16:
+            check_type<int16_t, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, int16_t>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_uint32:
+            check_type<uint32_t, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, uint32_t>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_uint64:
+            check_type<uint64_t, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, uint64_t>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_int64:
+            check_type<int64_t, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, int64_t>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_double:
+            check_type<double, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, double>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_float:
+            check_type<float, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, float>(bv);
+          case Common_Types::t_long_double:
+            check_type<long double, Target>();
+            return get_as_aux<Target, long double>(bv);
+        }
+
+        throw chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast();
+      }
+
+
       template<typename Target> Target get_as() const
       {
         switch (get_common_type(bv)) {

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_value.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_BOXED_VALUE_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_BOXED_VALUE_HPP_
 
@@ -35,11 +39,11 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
         Data(const Type_Info &ti,
             chaiscript::detail::Any to,
-            bool tr,
+            bool is_ref,
             const void *t_void_ptr,
             bool t_return_value)
           : m_type_info(ti), m_obj(std::move(to)), m_data_ptr(ti.is_const()?nullptr:const_cast<void *>(t_void_ptr)), m_const_data_ptr(t_void_ptr),
-            m_is_ref(tr), m_return_value(t_return_value)
+            m_is_ref(is_ref), m_return_value(t_return_value)
         {
         }
 
@@ -54,7 +58,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
           if (rhs.m_attrs)
           {
-            m_attrs = std::unique_ptr<std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>>(new std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>(*rhs.m_attrs));
+            m_attrs = std::make_unique<std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>>(*rhs.m_attrs);
           }
 
           return *this;
@@ -77,7 +81,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
       struct Object_Data
       {
-        static std::shared_ptr<Data> get(Boxed_Value::Void_Type, bool t_return_value)
+        static auto get(Boxed_Value::Void_Type, bool t_return_value)
         {
           return std::make_shared<Data>(
                 detail::Get_Type_Info<void>::get(),
@@ -89,13 +93,13 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
 
         template<typename T>
-          static std::shared_ptr<Data> get(const std::shared_ptr<T> *obj, bool t_return_value)
+          static auto get(const std::shared_ptr<T> *obj, bool t_return_value)
           {
             return get(*obj, t_return_value);
           }
 
         template<typename T>
-          static std::shared_ptr<Data> get(const std::shared_ptr<T> &obj, bool t_return_value)
+          static auto get(const std::shared_ptr<T> &obj, bool t_return_value)
           {
             return std::make_shared<Data>(
                   detail::Get_Type_Info<T>::get(), 
@@ -107,7 +111,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           }
 
         template<typename T>
-          static std::shared_ptr<Data> get(std::shared_ptr<T> &&obj, bool t_return_value)
+          static auto get(std::shared_ptr<T> &&obj, bool t_return_value)
           {
             auto ptr = obj.get();
             return std::make_shared<Data>(
@@ -119,21 +123,23 @@ namespace chaiscript
                 );
           }
 
+
+
         template<typename T>
-          static std::shared_ptr<Data> get(T *t, bool t_return_value)
+          static auto get(T *t, bool t_return_value)
           {
             return get(std::ref(*t), t_return_value);
           }
 
         template<typename T>
-          static std::shared_ptr<Data> get(const T *t, bool t_return_value)
+          static auto get(const T *t, bool t_return_value)
           {
             return get(std::cref(*t), t_return_value);
           }
 
 
         template<typename T>
-          static std::shared_ptr<Data> get(std::reference_wrapper<T> obj, bool t_return_value)
+          static auto get(std::reference_wrapper<T> obj, bool t_return_value)
           {
             auto p = &obj.get();
             return std::make_shared<Data>(
@@ -146,7 +152,20 @@ namespace chaiscript
           }
 
         template<typename T>
-          static std::shared_ptr<Data> get(T t, bool t_return_value)
+          static auto get(std::unique_ptr<T> &&obj, bool t_return_value)
+          {
+            auto ptr = obj.get();
+            return std::make_shared<Data>(
+                  detail::Get_Type_Info<T>::get(), 
+                  chaiscript::detail::Any(std::make_shared<std::unique_ptr<T>>(std::move(obj))), 
+                  true,
+                  ptr,
+                  t_return_value
+                );
+          }
+
+        template<typename T>
+          static auto get(T t, bool t_return_value)
           {
             auto p = std::make_shared<T>(std::move(t));
             auto ptr = p.get();
@@ -182,10 +201,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
 
       /// Unknown-type constructor
-      Boxed_Value()
-        : m_data(Object_Data::get())
-      {
-      }
+      Boxed_Value() = default;
 
       Boxed_Value(Boxed_Value&&) = default;
       Boxed_Value& operator=(Boxed_Value&&) = default;
@@ -231,16 +247,17 @@ namespace chaiscript
       auto pointer_sentinel(std::shared_ptr<T> &ptr) const
       {
         struct Sentinel {
-          Sentinel(std::shared_ptr<T> &ptr, Data &data)
-            : m_ptr(ptr), m_data(data)
+          Sentinel(std::shared_ptr<T> &t_ptr, Data &data)
+            : m_ptr(t_ptr), m_data(data)
           {
           }
 
           ~Sentinel()
           {
             // save new pointer data
-            m_data.get().m_data_ptr = m_ptr.get().get();
-            m_data.get().m_const_data_ptr = m_ptr.get().get();
+            const auto ptr_ = m_ptr.get().get();
+            m_data.get().m_data_ptr = ptr_;
+            m_data.get().m_const_data_ptr = ptr_;
           }
 
           Sentinel& operator=(Sentinel&&s) = default;
@@ -305,7 +322,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
         if (!m_data->m_attrs)
         {
-          m_data->m_attrs = std::unique_ptr<std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>>(new std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>());
+          m_data->m_attrs = std::make_unique<std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>>();
         }
 
         auto &attr = (*m_data->m_attrs)[t_name];
@@ -322,7 +339,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
         if (t_obj.m_data->m_attrs)
         {
-          m_data->m_attrs = std::unique_ptr<std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>>(new std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>(*t_obj.m_data->m_attrs));
+          m_data->m_attrs = std::make_unique<std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Data>>>(*t_obj.m_data->m_attrs);
         }
         return *this;
       }
@@ -345,11 +362,11 @@ namespace chaiscript
       // necessary to avoid hitting the templated && constructor of Boxed_Value
       struct Internal_Construction{};
 
-      Boxed_Value(const std::shared_ptr<Data> &t_data, Internal_Construction)
-        : m_data(t_data) {
+      Boxed_Value(std::shared_ptr<Data> t_data, Internal_Construction)
+        : m_data(std::move(t_data)) {
       }
 
-      std::shared_ptr<Data> m_data;
+      std::shared_ptr<Data> m_data = Object_Data::get();
   };
 
   /// @brief Creates a Boxed_Value. If the object passed in is a value type, it is copied. If it is a pointer, std::shared_ptr, or std::reference_type

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/callable_traits.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_CALLABLE_TRAITS_HPP_
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       template<typename Ret, typename Class, typename ... Param>
       struct Const_Caller
       {
-        Const_Caller(Ret (Class::*t_func)(Param...) const) : m_func(t_func) {}
+        explicit Const_Caller(Ret (Class::*t_func)(Param...) const) : m_func(t_func) {}
 
         template<typename ... Inner>
         Ret operator()(const Class &o, Inner&& ... inner) const {
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       template<typename Ret, typename ... Param>
       struct Fun_Caller
       {
-        Fun_Caller(Ret( * t_func)(Param...) ) : m_func(t_func) {}
+        explicit Fun_Caller(Ret( * t_func)(Param...) ) : m_func(t_func) {}
 
         template<typename ... Inner>
         Ret operator()(Inner&& ... inner) const {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       template<typename Ret, typename Class, typename ... Param>
       struct Caller
       {
-        Caller(Ret (Class::*t_func)(Param...)) : m_func(t_func) {}
+        explicit Caller(Ret (Class::*t_func)(Param...)) : m_func(t_func) {}
 
         template<typename ... Inner>
         Ret operator()(Class &o, Inner&& ... inner) const {

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/dispatchkit.hpp

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_DISPATCHKIT_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_DISPATCHKIT_HPP_
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <deque>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <list>
 #include <map>
@@ -31,6 +34,7 @@
 #include "proxy_constructors.hpp"
 #include "proxy_functions.hpp"
 #include "type_info.hpp"
+#include "short_alloc.hpp"
 
 namespace chaiscript {
 class Boxed_Number;
@@ -67,7 +71,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         reserved_word_error(const reserved_word_error &) = default;
 
-        virtual ~reserved_word_error() noexcept = default;
+        ~reserved_word_error() noexcept override = default;
 
         std::string word() const
         {
@@ -89,7 +93,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         illegal_name_error(const illegal_name_error &) = default;
 
-        virtual ~illegal_name_error() noexcept = default;
+        ~illegal_name_error() noexcept override = default;
 
         std::string name() const
         {
@@ -112,7 +116,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         name_conflict_error(const name_conflict_error &) = default;
 
-        virtual ~name_conflict_error() noexcept = default;
+        ~name_conflict_error() noexcept override = default;
 
         std::string name() const
         {
@@ -135,7 +139,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
 
         global_non_const(const global_non_const &) = default;
-        virtual ~global_non_const() noexcept = default;
+        ~global_non_const() noexcept override = default;
     };
   }
 
@@ -147,7 +151,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     public:
       Module &add(Type_Info ti, std::string name)
       {
-        m_typeinfos.emplace_back(std::move(ti), std::move(name));
+        m_typeinfos.emplace_back(ti, std::move(name));
         return *this;
       }
 
@@ -266,7 +270,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     class Dispatch_Function final : public dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base
     {
       public:
-        Dispatch_Function(std::vector<Proxy_Function> t_funcs)
+        explicit Dispatch_Function(std::vector<Proxy_Function> t_funcs)
           : Proxy_Function_Base(build_type_infos(t_funcs), calculate_arity(t_funcs)),
             m_funcs(std::move(t_funcs))
         {
@@ -356,7 +360,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
               ++begin;
             }
 
-            assert(type_infos.size() > 0 && " type_info vector size is < 0, this is only possible if something else is broken");
+            assert(!type_infos.empty() && " type_info vector size is < 0, this is only possible if something else is broken");
 
             if (size_mismatch)
             {
@@ -376,20 +380,55 @@ namespace chaiscript
   {
     struct Stack_Holder
     {
-      typedef std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Boxed_Value>> Scope;
-      typedef std::vector<Scope> StackData;
+      //template <class T, std::size_t BufSize = sizeof(T)*20000>
+      //  using SmallVector = std::vector<T, short_alloc<T, BufSize>>;
+
+      template <class T>
+        using SmallVector = std::vector<T>;
+      
+
+      typedef SmallVector<std::pair<std::string, Boxed_Value>> Scope;
+      typedef SmallVector<Scope> StackData;
+      typedef SmallVector<StackData> Stacks;
+      typedef SmallVector<Boxed_Value> Call_Param_List;
+      typedef SmallVector<Call_Param_List> Call_Params;
 
       Stack_Holder()
       {
-        stacks.reserve(2);
-        stacks.emplace_back(1);
-        call_params.emplace_back();
-        call_params.back().reserve(2);
+        push_stack();
+        push_call_params();
       }
 
-      std::vector<StackData> stacks;
+      void push_stack_data()
+      {
+        stacks.back().emplace_back();
+//        stacks.back().emplace_back(Scope(scope_allocator));
+      }
+
+      void push_stack()
+      {
+        stacks.emplace_back(1);
+//        stacks.emplace_back(StackData(1, Scope(scope_allocator), stack_data_allocator));
+      }
+
+      void push_call_params()
+      {
+        call_params.emplace_back();
+//        call_params.emplace_back(Call_Param_List(call_param_list_allocator));
+      }
+
+      //Scope::allocator_type::arena_type scope_allocator;
+      //StackData::allocator_type::arena_type stack_data_allocator;
+      //Stacks::allocator_type::arena_type stacks_allocator;
+      //Call_Param_List::allocator_type::arena_type call_param_list_allocator;
+      //Call_Params::allocator_type::arena_type call_params_allocator;
+
+//      Stacks stacks = Stacks(stacks_allocator);
+//      Call_Params call_params = Call_Params(call_params_allocator);
+
+      Stacks stacks;
+      Call_Params call_params;
 
-      std::vector<std::vector<Boxed_Value>> call_params;
       int call_depth = 0;
     };
 
@@ -401,7 +440,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       public:
         typedef std::map<std::string, chaiscript::Type_Info> Type_Name_Map;
         typedef std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Boxed_Value>> Scope;
-        typedef std::vector<Scope> StackData;
+        typedef Stack_Holder::StackData StackData;
 
         struct State
         {
@@ -410,15 +449,11 @@ namespace chaiscript
           std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Boxed_Value>> m_boxed_functions;
           std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value> m_global_objects;
           Type_Name_Map m_types;
-          std::set<std::string> m_reserved_words 
-            = {"def", "fun", "while", "for", "if", "else", "&&", "||", ",", "auto", 
-               "return", "break", "true", "false", "class", "attr", "var", "global", "GLOBAL", "_"};
         };
 
-        Dispatch_Engine(chaiscript::parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base &parser)
-          : m_stack_holder(this),
+        explicit Dispatch_Engine(chaiscript::parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base &parser)
+          : m_stack_holder(),
             m_parser(parser)
-
         {
         }
 
@@ -439,7 +474,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         /// Add a new named Proxy_Function to the system
         void add(const Proxy_Function &f, const std::string &name)
         {
-          validate_object_name(name);
           add_function(f, name);
         }
 
@@ -447,7 +481,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         /// is not available in the current scope it is created
         void add(Boxed_Value obj, const std::string &name)
         {
-          validate_object_name(name);
           auto &stack = get_stack_data();
 
           for (auto stack_elem = stack.rbegin(); stack_elem != stack.rend(); ++stack_elem)
@@ -467,6 +500,26 @@ namespace chaiscript
           add_object(name, std::move(obj));
         }
 
+        /// Adds a named object to the current scope
+        /// \warning This version does not check the validity of the name
+        /// it is meant for internal use only
+        Boxed_Value &add_get_object(const std::string &t_name, Boxed_Value obj, Stack_Holder &t_holder)
+        {
+          auto &stack_elem = get_stack_data(t_holder).back();
+
+          if (std::any_of(stack_elem.begin(), stack_elem.end(),
+              [&](const std::pair<std::string, Boxed_Value> &o) {
+                return o.first == t_name;
+              }))
+          {
+            throw chaiscript::exception::name_conflict_error(t_name);
+          }
+
+          stack_elem.emplace_back(t_name, std::move(obj));
+          return stack_elem.back().second;
+        }
+
+
         /// Adds a named object to the current scope
         /// \warning This version does not check the validity of the name
         /// it is meant for internal use only
@@ -482,7 +535,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
             throw chaiscript::exception::name_conflict_error(t_name);
           }
 
-          get_stack_data(t_holder).back().emplace_back(t_name, std::move(obj));
+          stack_elem.emplace_back(t_name, std::move(obj));
         }
 
 
@@ -497,7 +550,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         /// Adds a new global shared object, between all the threads
         void add_global_const(const Boxed_Value &obj, const std::string &name)
         {
-          validate_object_name(name);
           if (!obj.is_const())
           {
             throw chaiscript::exception::global_non_const();
@@ -516,8 +568,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         /// Adds a new global (non-const) shared object, between all the threads
         Boxed_Value add_global_no_throw(const Boxed_Value &obj, const std::string &name)
         {
-          validate_object_name(name);
-
           chaiscript::detail::threading::unique_lock<chaiscript::detail::threading::shared_mutex> l(m_mutex);
 
           const auto itr = m_state.m_global_objects.find(name);
@@ -534,8 +584,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         /// Adds a new global (non-const) shared object, between all the threads
         void add_global(const Boxed_Value &obj, const std::string &name)
         {
-          validate_object_name(name);
-
           chaiscript::detail::threading::unique_lock<chaiscript::detail::threading::shared_mutex> l(m_mutex);
 
           if (m_state.m_global_objects.find(name) != m_state.m_global_objects.end())
@@ -549,8 +597,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         /// Updates an existing global shared object or adds a new global shared object if not found
         void set_global(const Boxed_Value &obj, const std::string &name)
         {
-          validate_object_name(name);
-
           chaiscript::detail::threading::unique_lock<chaiscript::detail::threading::shared_mutex> l(m_mutex);
 
           const auto itr = m_state.m_global_objects.find(name);
@@ -577,8 +623,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
         /// Adds a new scope to the stack
         static void new_scope(Stack_Holder &t_holder)
         {
-          get_stack_data(t_holder).emplace_back();
-          t_holder.call_params.emplace_back();
+          t_holder.push_stack_data();
+          t_holder.push_call_params();
         }
 
         /// Pops the current scope from the stack
@@ -597,7 +643,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         static void new_stack(Stack_Holder &t_holder)
         {
           // add a new Stack with 1 element
-          t_holder.stacks.emplace_back(1);
+          t_holder.push_stack();
         }
 
         static void pop_stack(Stack_Holder &t_holder)
@@ -639,7 +685,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
             }
 
             t_loc = static_cast<uint_fast32_t>(Loc::located);
-          } else if (loc & static_cast<uint_fast32_t>(Loc::is_local)) {
+          } else if ((loc & static_cast<uint_fast32_t>(Loc::is_local)) != 0u) {
             auto &stack = get_stack_data(t_holder);
 
             return stack[stack.size() - 1 - ((loc & static_cast<uint_fast32_t>(Loc::stack_mask)) >> 16)][loc & static_cast<uint_fast32_t>(Loc::loc_mask)].second;
@@ -656,9 +702,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
           // no? is it a function object?
           auto obj = get_function_object_int(name, loc);
-          if (obj.first != loc) t_loc = uint_fast32_t(obj.first);
-          return obj.second;
+          if (obj.first != loc) { t_loc = uint_fast32_t(obj.first); }
 
+          return obj.second;
 
         }
 
@@ -721,7 +767,10 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
           uint_fast32_t method_missing_loc = m_method_missing_loc;
           auto method_missing_funs = get_function("method_missing", method_missing_loc);
-          if (method_missing_funs.first != method_missing_loc) m_method_missing_loc = uint_fast32_t(method_missing_funs.first);
+          if (method_missing_funs.first != method_missing_loc) { 
+            m_method_missing_loc = uint_fast32_t(method_missing_funs.first); 
+          }
+
           return std::move(method_missing_funs.second);
         }
 
@@ -809,7 +858,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
           auto &stack = get_stack_data();
           auto &scope = stack.front();
-          scope = std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Boxed_Value>>(t_locals.begin(), t_locals.end());
+          scope.assign(t_locals.begin(), t_locals.end());
         }
 
 
@@ -912,7 +961,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
           uint_fast32_t loc = t_loc;
           const auto funs = get_function(t_name, loc);
-          if (funs.first != loc) t_loc = uint_fast32_t(funs.first);
+          if (funs.first != loc) { t_loc = uint_fast32_t(funs.first); }
 
           const auto do_attribute_call = 
             [this](int l_num_params, const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &l_params, const std::vector<Proxy_Function> &l_funs, const Type_Conversions_State &l_conversions)->Boxed_Value
@@ -935,14 +984,21 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
                 This_Foist fi(*this, l_params.front());
 
-                auto func = boxed_cast<std::shared_ptr<const dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base>>(bv);
                 try {
-                  return (*func)({l_params.begin() + l_num_params, l_params.end()}, l_conversions);
+                  auto func = boxed_cast<const dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base *>(bv);
+                  try {
+                    return (*func)({l_params.begin() + l_num_params, l_params.end()}, l_conversions);
+                  } catch (const chaiscript::exception::bad_boxed_cast &) {
+                  } catch (const chaiscript::exception::arity_error &) {
+                  } catch (const chaiscript::exception::guard_error &) {
+                  }
+                  throw chaiscript::exception::dispatch_error({l_params.begin() + l_num_params, l_params.end()}, 
+                      std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function>{boxed_cast<Const_Proxy_Function>(bv)});
                 } catch (const chaiscript::exception::bad_boxed_cast &) {
-                } catch (const chaiscript::exception::arity_error &) {
-                } catch (const chaiscript::exception::guard_error &) {
+                  // unable to convert bv into a Proxy_Function_Base
+                  throw chaiscript::exception::dispatch_error({l_params.begin() + l_num_params, l_params.end()}, 
+                      std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function>(l_funs.begin(), l_funs.end()));
                 }
-                throw chaiscript::exception::dispatch_error({l_params.begin() + l_num_params, l_params.end()}, std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function>{func});
               } else {
                 return bv;
               }
@@ -1025,7 +1081,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
           uint_fast32_t loc = t_loc;
           const auto funs = get_function(t_name, loc);
-          if (funs.first != loc) t_loc = uint_fast32_t(funs.first);
+          if (funs.first != loc) { t_loc = uint_fast32_t(funs.first);
+}
           return dispatch::dispatch(*funs.second, params, t_conversions);
         }
 
@@ -1149,7 +1206,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         static void save_function_params(Stack_Holder &t_s, std::initializer_list<Boxed_Value> t_params)
         {
-          t_s.call_params.back().insert(t_s.call_params.back().begin(), std::move(t_params));
+          t_s.call_params.back().insert(t_s.call_params.back().begin(), t_params);
         }
 
         static void save_function_params(Stack_Holder &t_s, std::vector<Boxed_Value> &&t_params)
@@ -1167,7 +1224,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         void save_function_params(std::initializer_list<Boxed_Value> t_params)
         {
-          save_function_params(*m_stack_holder, std::move(t_params));
+          save_function_params(*m_stack_holder, t_params);
         }
 
         void save_function_params(std::vector<Boxed_Value> &&t_params)
@@ -1359,20 +1416,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
 
 
-        /// Throw a reserved_word exception if the name is not allowed
-        void validate_object_name(const std::string &name) const
-        {
-          if (name.find("::") != std::string::npos) {
-            throw chaiscript::exception::illegal_name_error(name);
-          }
-
-          chaiscript::detail::threading::shared_lock<chaiscript::detail::threading::shared_mutex> l(m_mutex);
-
-          if (m_state.m_reserved_words.find(name) != m_state.m_reserved_words.end())
-          {
-            throw chaiscript::exception::reserved_word_error(name);
-          }
-        }
 
         template<typename Container, typename Key, typename Value>
           static void add_keyed_value(Container &t_c, const Key &t_key, Value &&t_value)
@@ -1410,7 +1453,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         static typename Container::const_iterator find_keyed_value(const Container &t_c, const Key &t_key, const size_t t_hint)
           {
             if (t_c.size() > t_hint && t_c[t_hint].first == t_key) {
-              return advance_copy(t_c.begin(), t_hint);
+              return std::next(t_c.begin(), static_cast<typename std::iterator_traits<typename Container::const_iterator>::difference_type>(t_hint));
             } else {
               return find_keyed_value(t_c, t_key);
             }
@@ -1469,7 +1512,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         chaiscript::detail::threading::Thread_Storage<Stack_Holder> m_stack_holder;
         std::reference_wrapper<parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base> m_parser;
 
-        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_method_missing_loc;
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_method_missing_loc = {0};
 
         State m_state;
     };
@@ -1477,7 +1520,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     class Dispatch_State
     {
       public:
-        Dispatch_State(Dispatch_Engine &t_engine)
+        explicit Dispatch_State(Dispatch_Engine &t_engine)
           : m_engine(t_engine),
             m_stack_holder(t_engine.get_stack_holder()),
             m_conversions(t_engine.conversions(), t_engine.conversions().conversion_saves())
@@ -1504,8 +1547,12 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return m_conversions.saves();
         }
 
+        Boxed_Value &add_get_object(const std::string &t_name, Boxed_Value obj) const {
+          return m_engine.get().add_get_object(t_name, std::move(obj), m_stack_holder.get());
+        }
+
         void add_object(const std::string &t_name, Boxed_Value obj) const {
-          m_engine.get().add_object(t_name, std::move(obj), m_stack_holder.get());
+          return m_engine.get().add_object(t_name, std::move(obj), m_stack_holder.get());
         }
 
         Boxed_Value get_object(const std::string &t_name, std::atomic_uint_fast32_t &t_loc) const {

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/dynamic_object.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_DYNAMIC_OBJECT_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_DYNAMIC_OBJECT_HPP_
 
@@ -25,7 +29,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
   namespace dispatch
   {
     struct option_explicit_set : std::runtime_error {
-      option_explicit_set(const std::string &t_param_name)
+      explicit option_explicit_set(const std::string &t_param_name)
         : std::runtime_error("option explicit set and parameter '" + t_param_name + "' does not exist")
       {
 
@@ -33,13 +37,13 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
       option_explicit_set(const option_explicit_set &) = default;
 
-      virtual ~option_explicit_set() noexcept = default;
+      ~option_explicit_set() noexcept override = default;
     };
 
     class Dynamic_Object
     {
       public:
-        Dynamic_Object(std::string t_type_name)
+        explicit Dynamic_Object(std::string t_type_name)
           : m_type_name(std::move(t_type_name)), m_option_explicit(false)
         {
         }

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/dynamic_object_detail.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_DYNAMIC_OBJECT_DETAIL_HPP_
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           }
 
         protected:
-          virtual Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
+          Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
           {
             if (dynamic_object_typename_match(params, m_type_name, m_ti, t_conversions))
             {
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
             } 
           }
 
-          virtual bool compare_first_type(const Boxed_Value &bv, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
+          bool compare_first_type(const Boxed_Value &bv, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
           {
             return dynamic_object_typename_match(bv, m_type_name, m_ti, t_conversions);
           }
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           bool dynamic_object_typename_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &bvs, const std::string &name,
               const std::unique_ptr<Type_Info> &ti, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const
           {
-            if (bvs.size() > 0)
+            if (!bvs.empty())
             {
               return dynamic_object_typename_match(bvs[0], name, ti, t_conversions);
             } else {
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &f) const override
           {
             const Dynamic_Object_Constructor *dc = dynamic_cast<const Dynamic_Object_Constructor*>(&f);
-            return dc && dc->m_type_name == m_type_name && (*dc->m_func) == (*m_func);
+            return (dc != nullptr) && dc->m_type_name == m_type_name && (*dc->m_func) == (*m_func);
           }
 
           bool call_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/exception_specification.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_EXCEPTION_SPECIFICATION_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_EXCEPTION_SPECIFICATION_HPP_
 

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/function_call.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_FUNCTION_CALL_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_FUNCTION_CALL_HPP_
 

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/function_call_detail.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_FUNCTION_CALL_DETAIL_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_FUNCTION_CALL_DETAIL_HPP_
 
@@ -33,7 +37,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           static Ret call(const std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function> &t_funcs, 
               const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
           {
-            if (t_conversions) {
+            if (t_conversions != nullptr) {
               return boxed_cast<Ret>(dispatch::dispatch(t_funcs, params, *t_conversions), t_conversions);
             } else {
               Type_Conversions conv;
@@ -52,7 +56,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           static Ret call(const std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function> &t_funcs, 
               const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
           {
-            if (t_conversions) {
+            if (t_conversions != nullptr) {
               return Boxed_Number(dispatch::dispatch(t_funcs, params, *t_conversions)).get_as<Ret>();
             } else {
               Type_Conversions conv;
@@ -72,7 +76,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           static void call(const std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function> &t_funcs, 
               const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State *t_conversions)
           {
-            if (t_conversions) {
+            if (t_conversions != nullptr) {
               dispatch::dispatch(t_funcs, params, *t_conversions);
             } else {
               Type_Conversions conv;

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/handle_return.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_HANDLE_RETURN_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_HANDLE_RETURN_HPP_
 
@@ -27,9 +31,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
     namespace detail
     {
-      /**
-       * Used internally for handling a return value from a Proxy_Function call
-       */
+      /// Used internally for handling a return value from a Proxy_Function call
       template<typename Ret>
         struct Handle_Return
         {
@@ -155,6 +157,18 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
         };
 
+
+      template<typename Ret>
+        struct Handle_Return<std::unique_ptr<Ret>> : Handle_Return<std::unique_ptr<Ret> &>
+        {
+          static Boxed_Value handle(std::unique_ptr<Ret> &&r)
+          {
+            return Boxed_Value(std::move(r), true);
+          }
+        };
+
+
+
       template<typename Ret>
         struct Handle_Return<const Ret &>
         {

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/operators.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_OPERATORS_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_OPERATORS_HPP_
 

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_constructors.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_PROXY_CONSTRUCTORS_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_PROXY_CONSTRUCTORS_HPP_

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_functions.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_PROXY_FUNCTIONS_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_PROXY_FUNCTIONS_HPP_
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
             m_doti(user_type<Dynamic_Object>())
         {}
 
-        Param_Types(std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Type_Info>> t_types)
+        explicit Param_Types(std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Type_Info>> t_types)
           : m_types(std::move(t_types)),
             m_has_types(false),
             m_doti(user_type<Dynamic_Object>())
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         void push_front(std::string t_name, Type_Info t_ti)
         {
-          m_types.emplace(m_types.begin(), std::move(t_name), std::move(t_ti));
+          m_types.emplace(m_types.begin(), std::move(t_name), t_ti);
           update_has_types();
         }
 
@@ -72,10 +75,51 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return m_types == t_rhs.m_types;
         }
 
-        bool match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const
+        std::vector<Boxed_Value> convert(std::vector<Boxed_Value> vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const
         {
-          if (!m_has_types) return true;
-          if (vals.size() != m_types.size()) return false;
+          for (size_t i = 0; i < vals.size(); ++i)
+          {
+            const auto &name = m_types[i].first;
+            if (!name.empty()) {
+              const auto &bv = vals[i];
+
+              if (!bv.get_type_info().bare_equal(m_doti))
+              {
+                const auto &ti = m_types[i].second;
+                if (!ti.is_undef())
+                {
+                  if (!bv.get_type_info().bare_equal(ti)) {
+                    if (t_conversions->converts(ti, bv.get_type_info())) {
+                      try {
+                        // We will not catch any bad_boxed_dynamic_cast that is thrown, let the user get it
+                        // either way, we are not responsible if it doesn't work
+                        vals[i] = t_conversions->boxed_type_conversion(m_types[i].second, t_conversions.saves(), vals[i]);
+                      } catch (...) {
+                        try {
+                          // try going the other way
+                          vals[i] = t_conversions->boxed_type_down_conversion(m_types[i].second, t_conversions.saves(), vals[i]);
+                        } catch (const chaiscript::detail::exception::bad_any_cast &) {
+                          throw exception::bad_boxed_cast(bv.get_type_info(), *m_types[i].second.bare_type_info());
+                        }
+                      }
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          return vals;
+        }
+
+        // first result: is a match
+        // second result: needs conversions
+        std::pair<bool, bool> match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const
+        {
+          bool needs_conversion = false;
+
+          if (!m_has_types) { return std::make_pair(true, needs_conversion); }
+          if (vals.size() != m_types.size()) { return std::make_pair(false, needs_conversion); }
 
           for (size_t i = 0; i < vals.size(); ++i)
           {
@@ -87,25 +131,31 @@ namespace chaiscript
               {
                 try {
                   const Dynamic_Object &d = boxed_cast<const Dynamic_Object &>(bv, &t_conversions);
-                  return name == "Dynamic_Object" || d.get_type_name() == name;
+                  if (!(name == "Dynamic_Object" || d.get_type_name() == name)) {
+                    return std::make_pair(false, false);
+                  }
                 } catch (const std::bad_cast &) {
-                  return false;
+                  return std::make_pair(false, false);
                 } 
               } else {
                 const auto &ti = m_types[i].second;
                 if (!ti.is_undef())
                 {
                   if (!bv.get_type_info().bare_equal(ti)) {
-                    return false;
+                    if (!t_conversions->converts(ti, bv.get_type_info())) {
+                      return std::make_pair(false, false);
+                    } else {
+                      needs_conversion = true;
+                    }
                   }
                 } else {
-                  return false;
+                  return std::make_pair(false, false);
                 }
               }
             }
           }
 
-          return true;
+          return std::make_pair(true, needs_conversion);
         }
 
         const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Type_Info>> &types() const
@@ -282,7 +332,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         guard_error(const guard_error &) = default;
 
-        virtual ~guard_error() noexcept = default;
+        ~guard_error() noexcept override = default;
     };
   }
 
@@ -307,21 +357,20 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
 
 
-        virtual bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &rhs) const override
+        bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &rhs) const override
         {
           const Dynamic_Proxy_Function *prhs = dynamic_cast<const Dynamic_Proxy_Function *>(&rhs);
 
           return this == &rhs
-            || (prhs
+            || ((prhs != nullptr)
                 && this->m_arity == prhs->m_arity
                 && !this->m_guard && !prhs->m_guard
                 && this->m_param_types == prhs->m_param_types);
         }
 
-        virtual bool call_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
+        bool call_match(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
         {
-          return (m_arity < 0 || (vals.size() == size_t(m_arity) && m_param_types.match(vals, t_conversions)))
-            && test_guard(vals, t_conversions);
+          return call_match_internal(vals, t_conversions).first;
         }
 
 
@@ -353,6 +402,26 @@ namespace chaiscript
           }
         }
 
+        // first result: is a match
+        // second result: needs conversions
+        std::pair<bool, bool> call_match_internal(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const
+        {
+          const auto comparison_result = [&](){
+            if (m_arity < 0) {
+              return std::make_pair(true, false);
+            } else if (vals.size() == size_t(m_arity)) {
+              return m_param_types.match(vals, t_conversions);
+            } else {
+              return std::make_pair(false, false);
+            }
+          }();
+
+          return std::make_pair(
+              comparison_result.first && test_guard(vals, t_conversions), 
+              comparison_result.second
+              );
+        }
+
       private:
         static std::vector<Type_Info> build_param_type_list(const Param_Types &t_types)
         {
@@ -371,7 +440,10 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return types;
         }
 
+      protected:
         Param_Types m_param_types;
+
+      private:
         Proxy_Function m_guard;
         AST_NodePtr m_parsenode;
     };
@@ -402,9 +474,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
       protected:
         Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
         {
-          if (call_match(params, t_conversions) && test_guard(params, t_conversions))
+          const auto match_results = call_match_internal(params, t_conversions);
+          if (match_results.first)
           {
-            return m_f(params);
+            if (match_results.second) {
+              return m_f(m_param_types.convert(params, t_conversions));
+            } else {
+              return m_f(params);
+            }
           } else {
             throw exception::guard_error();
           }
@@ -516,7 +593,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return retval;
         }
 
-        virtual Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
+        Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions) const override
         {
           return (*m_f)(build_param_list(params), t_conversions);
         }
@@ -529,7 +606,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     class Proxy_Function_Impl_Base : public Proxy_Function_Base
     {
       public:
-        Proxy_Function_Impl_Base(const std::vector<Type_Info> &t_types)
+        explicit Proxy_Function_Impl_Base(const std::vector<Type_Info> &t_types)
           : Proxy_Function_Base(t_types, static_cast<int>(t_types.size()) - 1)
         {
         }
@@ -550,7 +627,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       class Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl final : public Proxy_Function_Impl_Base
     {
       public:
-        Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl(Callable f)
+        explicit Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl(Callable f)
           : Proxy_Function_Impl_Base(detail::build_param_type_list(static_cast<Func *>(nullptr))),
             m_f(std::move(f))
         {
@@ -581,7 +658,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     class Assignable_Proxy_Function : public Proxy_Function_Impl_Base
     {
       public:
-        Assignable_Proxy_Function(const std::vector<Type_Info> &t_types)
+        explicit Assignable_Proxy_Function(const std::vector<Type_Info> &t_types)
           : Proxy_Function_Impl_Base(t_types)
         {
         }
@@ -637,7 +714,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       class Attribute_Access final : public Proxy_Function_Base
     {
       public:
-        Attribute_Access(T Class::* t_attr)
+        explicit Attribute_Access(T Class::* t_attr)
           : Proxy_Function_Base(param_types(), 1),
             m_attr(t_attr)
         {
@@ -742,7 +819,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
 
         dispatch_error(const dispatch_error &) = default;
-        virtual ~dispatch_error() noexcept = default;
+        ~dispatch_error() noexcept override = default;
 
         std::vector<Boxed_Value> parameters;
         std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function> functions;
@@ -759,7 +836,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
           const std::vector<Type_Info> &types = t_func->get_param_types();
 
-          if (t_func->get_arity() == -1) return false;
+          if (t_func->get_arity() == -1) { return false; }
 
           assert(plist.size() == types.size() - 1);
 
@@ -819,7 +896,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
                          plist.begin(),
                          std::back_inserter(newplist),
                          [](const Type_Info &ti, const Boxed_Value &param) -> Boxed_Value {
-                           if (ti.is_arithmetic() && param.get_type_info().is_arithmetic()) {
+                           if (ti.is_arithmetic() && param.get_type_info().is_arithmetic()
+                               && param.get_type_info() != ti) {
                              return Boxed_Number(param).get_as(ti).bv;
                            } else {
                              return param;
@@ -827,8 +905,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
                          }
                        );
 
-
-
           try {
             return (*(matching_func->second))(newplist, t_conversions);
           } catch (const exception::bad_boxed_cast &) {
@@ -844,11 +920,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Take a vector of functions and a vector of parameters. Attempt to execute
-     * each function against the set of parameters, in order, until a matching
-     * function is found or throw dispatch_error if no matching function is found
-     */
+    /// Take a vector of functions and a vector of parameters. Attempt to execute
+    /// each function against the set of parameters, in order, until a matching
+    /// function is found or throw dispatch_error if no matching function is found
     template<typename Funcs>
       Boxed_Value dispatch(const Funcs &funcs,
           const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &plist, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions)

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_functions_detail.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_PROXY_FUNCTIONS_DETAIL_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_PROXY_FUNCTIONS_DETAIL_HPP_
 
@@ -44,7 +48,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
       arity_error(const arity_error &) = default;
 
-      virtual ~arity_error() noexcept {}
+      ~arity_error() noexcept override = default;
 
       int got;
       int expected;
@@ -115,7 +119,15 @@ namespace chaiscript
             const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions_State &t_conversions)
         {
           call_func(sig, std::index_sequence_for<Params...>{}, f, params, t_conversions);
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4702)
+#endif
+          // MSVC is reporting that this is unreachable code - and it's wrong.
           return Handle_Return<void>::handle();
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
         }
 
     }

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/register_function.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_REGISTER_FUNCTION_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_REGISTER_FUNCTION_HPP_
 
@@ -107,31 +111,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
       return fun(detail::bind_first(std::forward<T>(t), q));
     }
 
-  /// \brief Creates a new Proxy_Function object from a free function or member function and binds the first and second parameters of it
-  /// \param[in] t Function / member to expose
-  /// \param[in] q Value to bind to first parameter
-  /// \param[in] r Value to bind to second parameter
-  ///
-  /// \b Example:
-  /// \code
-  /// struct MyClass
-  /// {
-  ///   void memberfunction(int);
-  /// };
-  /// 
-  /// MyClass obj;
-  /// chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
-  /// // Add function taking only no arguments, and permanently bound to "obj" and "1"
-  /// // memberfunction() will be equivalent to obj.memberfunction(1)
-  /// chai.add(fun(&MyClass::memberfunction, std::ref(obj), 1), "memberfunction"); 
-  /// \endcode
-  /// 
-  /// \sa \ref adding_functions
-  template<typename T, typename Q, typename R>
-    Proxy_Function fun(T &&t, Q &&q, R &&r)
-    {
-      return fun(detail::bind_first(detail::bind_first(std::forward<T>(t), std::forward<Q>(q)), std::forward<R>(r)));
-    }
 
 }
 

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/short_alloc.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#ifndef SHORT_ALLOC_H
+#define SHORT_ALLOC_H
+
+// The MIT License (MIT)
+// 
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Howard Hinnant
+// 
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+// 
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+// 
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cassert>
+
+template <std::size_t N, std::size_t alignment = alignof(std::max_align_t)>
+class arena
+{
+    alignas(alignment) char buf_[N];
+    char* ptr_;
+
+public:
+    ~arena() {ptr_ = nullptr;}
+    arena() noexcept : ptr_(buf_) {}
+    arena(const arena&) = delete;
+    arena& operator=(const arena&) = delete;
+
+    template <std::size_t ReqAlign> char* allocate(std::size_t n);
+    void deallocate(char* p, std::size_t n) noexcept;
+
+    static constexpr std::size_t size() noexcept {return N;}
+    std::size_t used() const noexcept {return static_cast<std::size_t>(ptr_ - buf_);}
+    void reset() noexcept {ptr_ = buf_;}
+
+private:
+    static
+    std::size_t 
+    align_up(std::size_t n) noexcept
+        {return (n + (alignment-1)) & ~(alignment-1);}
+
+    bool
+    pointer_in_buffer(char* p) noexcept
+        {return buf_ <= p && p <= buf_ + N;}
+};
+
+template <std::size_t N, std::size_t alignment>
+template <std::size_t ReqAlign>
+char*
+arena<N, alignment>::allocate(std::size_t n)
+{
+    static_assert(ReqAlign <= alignment, "alignment is too small for this arena");
+    assert(pointer_in_buffer(ptr_) && "short_alloc has outlived arena");
+    auto const aligned_n = align_up(n);
+    if (static_cast<decltype(aligned_n)>(buf_ + N - ptr_) >= aligned_n)
+    {
+        char* r = ptr_;
+        ptr_ += aligned_n;
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    static_assert(alignment <= alignof(std::max_align_t), "you've chosen an "
+                  "alignment that is larger than alignof(std::max_align_t), and "
+                  "cannot be guaranteed by normal operator new");
+    return static_cast<char*>(::operator new(n));
+}
+
+template <std::size_t N, std::size_t alignment>
+void
+arena<N, alignment>::deallocate(char* p, std::size_t n) noexcept
+{
+    assert(pointer_in_buffer(ptr_) && "short_alloc has outlived arena");
+    if (pointer_in_buffer(p))
+    {
+      n = align_up(n);
+      if (p + n == ptr_) {
+        ptr_ = p;
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      ::operator delete(p);
+    }
+}
+
+template <class T, std::size_t N, std::size_t Align = alignof(std::max_align_t)>
+class short_alloc
+{
+public:
+    using value_type = T;
+    static auto constexpr alignment = Align;
+    static auto constexpr size = N;
+    using arena_type = arena<size, alignment>;
+
+private:
+    arena_type& a_;
+
+public:
+    short_alloc(const short_alloc&) = default;
+    short_alloc& operator=(const short_alloc&) = delete;
+
+    explicit short_alloc(arena_type& a) noexcept : a_(a)
+    {
+        static_assert(size % alignment == 0,
+                      "size N needs to be a multiple of alignment Align");
+    }
+    template <class U>
+        explicit short_alloc(const short_alloc<U, N, alignment>& a) noexcept
+            : a_(a.a_) {}
+
+    template <class _Up> struct rebind {using other = short_alloc<_Up, N, alignment>;};
+
+    T* allocate(std::size_t n)
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<T*>(a_.template allocate<alignof(T)>(n*sizeof(T)));
+    }
+    void deallocate(T* p, std::size_t n) noexcept
+    {
+        a_.deallocate(reinterpret_cast<char*>(p), n*sizeof(T));
+    }
+
+    template <class T1, std::size_t N1, std::size_t A1, 
+              class U, std::size_t M, std::size_t A2>
+    friend
+    bool
+    operator==(const short_alloc<T1, N1, A1>& x, const short_alloc<U, M, A2>& y) noexcept;
+
+    template <class U, std::size_t M, std::size_t A> friend class short_alloc;
+};
+
+template <class T, std::size_t N, std::size_t A1, class U, std::size_t M, std::size_t A2>
+inline
+bool
+operator==(const short_alloc<T, N, A1>& x, const short_alloc<U, M, A2>& y) noexcept
+{
+    return N == M && A1 == A2 && &x.a_ == &y.a_;
+}
+
+template <class T, std::size_t N, std::size_t A1, class U, std::size_t M, std::size_t A2>
+inline
+bool
+operator!=(const short_alloc<T, N, A1>& x, const short_alloc<U, M, A2>& y) noexcept
+{
+    return !(x == y);
+}
+
+#endif  // SHORT_ALLOC_HPP
+

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/type_conversions.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_DYNAMIC_CAST_CONVERSION_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_DYNAMIC_CAST_CONVERSION_HPP_
 
@@ -39,14 +43,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
         }
 
-        bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(const std::string &w) noexcept
+        explicit bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(const std::string &w) noexcept
           : bad_boxed_cast(w)
         {
         }
 
         bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(const bad_boxed_dynamic_cast &) = default;
 
-        virtual ~bad_boxed_dynamic_cast() noexcept = default;
+        ~bad_boxed_dynamic_cast() noexcept override = default;
     };
 
     class bad_boxed_type_cast : public bad_boxed_cast
@@ -63,14 +67,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
         }
 
-        bad_boxed_type_cast(const std::string &w) noexcept
+        explicit bad_boxed_type_cast(const std::string &w) noexcept
           : bad_boxed_cast(w)
         {
         }
 
         bad_boxed_type_cast(const bad_boxed_type_cast &) = default;
 
-        virtual ~bad_boxed_type_cast() noexcept = default;
+        ~bad_boxed_type_cast() noexcept override = default;
     };
   }
 
@@ -100,8 +104,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
         virtual ~Type_Conversion_Base() = default;
 
       protected:
-        Type_Conversion_Base(const Type_Info &t_to, const Type_Info &t_from)
-          : m_to(t_to), m_from(t_from)
+        Type_Conversion_Base(Type_Info t_to, Type_Info t_from)
+          : m_to(std::move(t_to)), m_from(std::move(t_from))
         {
         }
 
@@ -286,7 +290,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     {
       public:
         Type_Conversion_Impl(Type_Info t_from, Type_Info t_to, Callable t_func)
-          : Type_Conversion_Base(std::move(t_to), std::move(t_from)),
+          : Type_Conversion_Base(t_to, t_from),
             m_func(std::move(t_func))
         {
         }
@@ -302,7 +306,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return m_func(t_from);
         }
 
-        virtual bool bidir() const override
+        bool bidir() const override
         {
           return false;
         }
@@ -334,21 +338,15 @@ namespace chaiscript
         : m_mutex(),
           m_conversions(),
           m_convertableTypes(),
-          m_num_types(0),
-          m_thread_cache(this),
-          m_conversion_saves(this)
+          m_num_types(0)
       {
       }
 
-      Type_Conversions(const Type_Conversions &t_other)
-        : m_mutex(),
-          m_conversions(t_other.get_conversions()),
-          m_convertableTypes(t_other.m_convertableTypes),
-          m_num_types(m_conversions.size()),
-          m_thread_cache(this),
-          m_conversion_saves(this)
-      {
-      }
+      Type_Conversions(const Type_Conversions &t_other) = delete;
+      Type_Conversions(Type_Conversions &&) = default;
+
+      Type_Conversions &operator=(const Type_Conversions &) = delete;
+      Type_Conversions &operator=(Type_Conversions &&) = default;
 
       const std::set<const std::type_info *, Less_Than> &thread_cache() const
       {
@@ -397,28 +395,39 @@ namespace chaiscript
       template<typename To>
         Boxed_Value boxed_type_conversion(Conversion_Saves &t_saves, const Boxed_Value &from) const
         {
-          try {
-            Boxed_Value ret = get_conversion(user_type<To>(), from.get_type_info())->convert(from);
-            if (t_saves.enabled) t_saves.saves.push_back(ret);
-            return ret;
-          } catch (const std::out_of_range &) {
-            throw exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(from.get_type_info(), typeid(To), "No known conversion");
-          } catch (const std::bad_cast &) {
-            throw exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(from.get_type_info(), typeid(To), "Unable to perform dynamic_cast operation");
-          }
+          return boxed_type_conversion(user_type<To>(), t_saves, from);
         }
 
       template<typename From>
         Boxed_Value boxed_type_down_conversion(Conversion_Saves &t_saves, const Boxed_Value &to) const
+        {
+          return boxed_type_down_conversion(user_type<From>(), t_saves, to);
+        }
+
+
+        Boxed_Value boxed_type_conversion(const Type_Info &to, Conversion_Saves &t_saves, const Boxed_Value &from) const
         {
           try {
-            Boxed_Value ret = get_conversion(to.get_type_info(), user_type<From>())->convert_down(to);
-            if (t_saves.enabled) t_saves.saves.push_back(ret);
+            Boxed_Value ret = get_conversion(to, from.get_type_info())->convert(from);
+            if (t_saves.enabled) { t_saves.saves.push_back(ret); }
             return ret;
           } catch (const std::out_of_range &) {
-            throw exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(to.get_type_info(), typeid(From), "No known conversion");
+            throw exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(from.get_type_info(), *to.bare_type_info(), "No known conversion");
           } catch (const std::bad_cast &) {
-            throw exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(to.get_type_info(), typeid(From), "Unable to perform dynamic_cast operation");
+            throw exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(from.get_type_info(), *to.bare_type_info(), "Unable to perform dynamic_cast operation");
+          }
+        }
+
+        Boxed_Value boxed_type_down_conversion(const Type_Info &from, Conversion_Saves &t_saves, const Boxed_Value &to) const
+        {
+          try {
+            Boxed_Value ret = get_conversion(to.get_type_info(), from)->convert_down(to);
+            if (t_saves.enabled) { t_saves.saves.push_back(ret); }
+            return ret;
+          } catch (const std::out_of_range &) {
+            throw exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(to.get_type_info(), *from.bare_type_info(), "No known conversion");
+          } catch (const std::bad_cast &) {
+            throw exception::bad_boxed_dynamic_cast(to.get_type_info(), *from.bare_type_info(), "Unable to perform dynamic_cast operation");
           }
         }
 

include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/type_info.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_TYPE_INFO_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_TYPE_INFO_HPP_
 
@@ -47,6 +51,16 @@ namespace chaiscript
         return m_type_info < ti.m_type_info;
       }
 
+      constexpr bool operator!=(const Type_Info &ti) const noexcept
+      {
+        return !(operator==(ti));
+      }
+
+      constexpr bool operator!=(const std::type_info &ti) const noexcept
+      {
+        return !(operator==(ti));
+      }
+
       constexpr bool operator==(const Type_Info &ti) const noexcept
       {
         return ti.m_type_info == m_type_info

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_algebraic.hpp

@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_ALGEBRAIC_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_ALGEBRAIC_HPP_
 
+#include "../utility/fnv1a.hpp"
+
 #include <string>
 
 namespace chaiscript
@@ -51,76 +57,48 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
     static Opers to_operator(const std::string &t_str, bool t_is_unary = false)
     {
-      if (t_str == "==")
-      {
-        return Opers::equals;
-      } else if (t_str == "<") {
-        return Opers::less_than;
-      } else if (t_str == ">") {
-        return Opers::greater_than;
-      } else if (t_str == "<=") {
-        return Opers::less_than_equal; 
-      } else if (t_str == ">=") {
-        return Opers::greater_than_equal;
-      } else if (t_str == "!=") {
-        return Opers::not_equal;
-      } else if (t_str == "=") {
-        return Opers::assign;
-      } else if (t_str == "++") {
-        return Opers::pre_increment;
-      } else if (t_str == "--") {
-        return Opers::pre_decrement;
-      } else if (t_str == "*=") {
-        return Opers::assign_product;
-      } else if (t_str == "+=") {
-        return Opers::assign_sum;
-      } else if (t_str == "-=") {
-        return Opers::assign_difference;
-      } else if (t_str == "&=") {
-        return Opers::assign_bitwise_and;
-      } else if (t_str == "|=") {
-        return Opers::assign_bitwise_or;
-      } else if (t_str == "<<=") {
-        return Opers::assign_shift_left;
-      } else if (t_str == ">>=") {
-        return Opers::assign_shift_right;
-      } else if (t_str == "%=") {
-        return Opers::assign_remainder;
-      } else if (t_str == "^=") {
-        return Opers::assign_bitwise_xor;
-      } else if (t_str == "<<") {
-        return Opers::shift_left;
-      } else if (t_str == ">>") {
-        return Opers::shift_right;
-      } else if (t_str == "%") {
-        return Opers::remainder;
-      } else if (t_str == "&") { 
-        return Opers::bitwise_and;
-      } else if (t_str == "|") {
-        return Opers::bitwise_or;
-      } else if (t_str == "^") {
-        return Opers::bitwise_xor;
-      } else if (t_str == "~") {
-        return Opers::bitwise_complement;
-      } else if (t_str == "+") {
-        if (t_is_unary) {
-          return Opers::unary_plus;
-        } else {
-          return Opers::sum;
-        }
-      } else if (t_str == "-") {
-        if (t_is_unary) {
-          return Opers::unary_minus;
-        } else {
-          return Opers::difference;
-        }
-      } else if (t_str == "/") {
-        return Opers::quotient;
-      } else if (t_str == "*") {
-        return Opers::product;
-      } else {
-        return Opers::invalid;
-      } 
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4307)
+#endif
+
+      const auto op_hash = utility::fnv1a_32(t_str.c_str());
+      switch (op_hash) {
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("=="): { return Opers::equals; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("<"): { return Opers::less_than; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32(">"): { return Opers::greater_than; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("<="): { return Opers::less_than_equal; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32(">="): { return Opers::greater_than_equal; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("!="): { return Opers::not_equal; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("="): { return Opers::assign; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("++"): { return Opers::pre_increment; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("--"): { return Opers::pre_decrement; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("*="): { return Opers::assign_product; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("+="): { return Opers::assign_sum; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("-="): { return Opers::assign_difference; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("&="): { return Opers::assign_bitwise_and; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("|="): { return Opers::assign_bitwise_or; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("<<="): { return Opers::assign_shift_left; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32(">>="): { return Opers::assign_shift_right; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("%="): { return Opers::assign_remainder; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("^="): { return Opers::assign_bitwise_xor; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("<<"): { return Opers::shift_left; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32(">>"): { return Opers::shift_right; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("%"): { return Opers::remainder; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("&"): { return Opers::bitwise_and; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("|"): { return Opers::bitwise_or; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("^"): { return Opers::bitwise_xor; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("~"): { return Opers::bitwise_complement; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("+"): { return t_is_unary ? Opers::unary_plus : Opers::sum; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("-"): { return t_is_unary ? Opers::unary_minus : Opers::difference; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("/"): { return Opers::quotient; }
+        case utility::fnv1a_32("*"): { return Opers::product; }
+        default: { return Opers::invalid; }
+      }
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
     }
 
   };

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_common.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_COMMON_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_COMMON_HPP_
 
@@ -26,30 +30,58 @@ struct AST_Node;
 
 namespace chaiscript
 {
+  struct Name_Validator {
+    static bool is_reserved_word(const std::string &name)
+    {
+      static const std::set<std::string> m_reserved_words 
+        = {"def", "fun", "while", "for", "if", "else", "&&", "||", ",", "auto", 
+          "return", "break", "true", "false", "class", "attr", "var", "global", "GLOBAL", "_",
+          "__LINE__", "__FILE__", "__FUNC__", "__CLASS__"};
+      return m_reserved_words.count(name) > 0;
+    }
+
+    static bool valid_object_name(const std::string &name)
+    {
+      return name.find("::") == std::string::npos && !is_reserved_word(name);
+    }
+
+    static void validate_object_name(const std::string &name)
+    {
+      if (is_reserved_word(name)) {
+        throw exception::reserved_word_error(name);
+      }
+
+      if (name.find("::") != std::string::npos) {
+        throw exception::illegal_name_error(name);
+      }
+    }
+  };
 
   /// Signature of module entry point that all binary loadable modules must implement.
   typedef ModulePtr (*Create_Module_Func)();
 
 
   /// Types of AST nodes available to the parser and eval
-  enum class AST_Node_Type { Id, Fun_Call, Arg_List, Equation, Var_Decl,
+  enum class AST_Node_Type { Id, Fun_Call, Unused_Return_Fun_Call, Arg_List, Equation, Var_Decl,
     Array_Call, Dot_Access,
-    Lambda, Block, Def, While, If, For, Inline_Array, Inline_Map, Return, File, Prefix, Break, Continue, Map_Pair, Value_Range,
+    Lambda, Block, Scopeless_Block, Def, While, If, For, Ranged_For, Inline_Array, Inline_Map, Return, File, Prefix, Break, Continue, Map_Pair, Value_Range,
     Inline_Range, Try, Catch, Finally, Method, Attr_Decl,  
-    Logical_And, Logical_Or, Reference, Switch, Case, Default, Ternary_Cond, Noop, Class, Binary, Arg, Global_Decl, Constant, Compiled
+    Logical_And, Logical_Or, Reference, Switch, Case, Default, Noop, Class, Binary, Arg, Global_Decl, Constant, Compiled
   };
 
-  enum class Operator_Precidence { Ternary_Cond, Logical_Or, Logical_And, Bitwise_Or, Bitwise_Xor, Bitwise_And, Equality, Comparison, Shift, Addition, Multiplication };
+  enum class Operator_Precidence { Ternary_Cond, Logical_Or, 
+    Logical_And, Bitwise_Or, Bitwise_Xor, Bitwise_And, 
+    Equality, Comparison, Shift, Addition, Multiplication, Prefix };
 
   namespace
   {
     /// Helper lookup to get the name of each node type
-    const char *ast_node_type_to_string(AST_Node_Type ast_node_type) {
-      static const char * const ast_node_types[] = { "Id", "Fun_Call", "Arg_List", "Equation", "Var_Decl",
+    inline const char *ast_node_type_to_string(AST_Node_Type ast_node_type) {
+      static const char * const ast_node_types[] = { "Id", "Fun_Call", "Unused_Return_Fun_Call", "Arg_List", "Equation", "Var_Decl",
                                     "Array_Call", "Dot_Access", 
-                                    "Lambda", "Block", "Def", "While", "If", "For", "Inline_Array", "Inline_Map", "Return", "File", "Prefix", "Break", "Continue", "Map_Pair", "Value_Range",
+                                    "Lambda", "Block", "Scopeless_Block", "Def", "While", "If", "For", "Ranged_For", "Inline_Array", "Inline_Map", "Return", "File", "Prefix", "Break", "Continue", "Map_Pair", "Value_Range",
                                     "Inline_Range", "Try", "Catch", "Finally", "Method", "Attr_Decl",
-                                    "Logical_And", "Logical_Or", "Reference", "Switch", "Case", "Default", "Ternary Condition", "Noop", "Class", "Binary", "Arg", "Global_Decl", "Constant", "Compiled"};
+                                    "Logical_And", "Logical_Or", "Reference", "Switch", "Case", "Default", "Noop", "Class", "Binary", "Arg", "Global_Decl", "Constant", "Compiled"};
 
       return ast_node_types[static_cast<int>(ast_node_type)];
     }
@@ -102,7 +134,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// \brief Thrown if an error occurs while attempting to load a binary module
     struct load_module_error : std::runtime_error
     {
-      load_module_error(const std::string &t_reason) noexcept
+      explicit load_module_error(const std::string &t_reason) noexcept
         : std::runtime_error(t_reason)
       {
       }
@@ -113,7 +145,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       }
 
       load_module_error(const load_module_error &) = default;
-      virtual ~load_module_error() noexcept = default;
+      ~load_module_error() noexcept override = default;
 
       static std::string format_error(const std::string &t_name, const std::vector<load_module_error> &t_errors)
       {
@@ -160,7 +192,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         reason(t_why), start_position(t_where), filename(t_fname)
       {}
 
-      eval_error(const std::string &t_why) noexcept
+      explicit eval_error(const std::string &t_why) noexcept
         : std::runtime_error("Error: \"" + t_why + "\" "),
         reason(t_why) 
       {}
@@ -172,7 +204,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         std::ostringstream ss;
 
         ss << what();
-        if (call_stack.size() > 0) {
+        if (!call_stack.empty()) {
           ss << "during evaluation at (" << fname(call_stack[0]) << " " << startpos(call_stack[0]) << ")\n";
           ss << '\n' << detail << '\n';
           ss << "  " << fname(call_stack[0]) << " (" << startpos(call_stack[0]) << ") '" << pretty(call_stack[0]) << "'";
@@ -189,7 +221,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         return ss.str();
       }
 
-      virtual ~eval_error() noexcept = default;
+      ~eval_error() noexcept override = default;
 
     private:
 
@@ -448,12 +480,12 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
     /// Errors generated when loading a file
     struct file_not_found_error : std::runtime_error {
-      file_not_found_error(const std::string &t_filename) noexcept
+      explicit file_not_found_error(const std::string &t_filename) noexcept
         : std::runtime_error("File Not Found: " + t_filename)
       { }
 
       file_not_found_error(const file_not_found_error &) = default;
-      virtual ~file_not_found_error() noexcept {}
+      ~file_not_found_error() noexcept override = default;
     };
 
   }
@@ -509,9 +541,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
       }
 
 
-      static bool get_bool_condition(const Boxed_Value &t_bv) {
+      static bool get_bool_condition(const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) {
         try {
-          return boxed_cast<bool>(t_bv);
+          return t_ss->boxed_cast<bool>(t_bv);
         }
         catch (const exception::bad_boxed_cast &) {
           throw exception::eval_error("Condition not boolean");
@@ -553,7 +585,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         T &get_tracer()
         {
           // to do type check this somehow?
-          return static_cast<T&>(*get_tracer_ptr());
+          return *static_cast<T*>(get_tracer_ptr());
         }
 
       protected:
@@ -569,19 +601,19 @@ namespace chaiscript
       struct Return_Value {
         Boxed_Value retval;
 
-        Return_Value(Boxed_Value t_return_value) : retval(std::move(t_return_value)) { }
+        explicit Return_Value(Boxed_Value t_return_value) : retval(std::move(t_return_value)) { }
       };
 
 
       /// Special type indicating a call to 'break'
       struct Break_Loop {
-        Break_Loop() { }
+        Break_Loop() = default;
       };
 
 
       /// Special type indicating a call to 'continue'
       struct Continue_Loop {
-        Continue_Loop() { }
+        Continue_Loop() = default;
       };
 
 
@@ -593,7 +625,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         Scope_Push_Pop(const Scope_Push_Pop &) = delete;
         Scope_Push_Pop& operator=(const Scope_Push_Pop &) = delete;
 
-        Scope_Push_Pop(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ds)
+        explicit Scope_Push_Pop(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ds)
           : m_ds(t_ds)
         {
           m_ds->new_scope(m_ds.stack_holder());
@@ -617,7 +649,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         Function_Push_Pop(const Function_Push_Pop &) = delete;
         Function_Push_Pop& operator=(const Function_Push_Pop &) = delete;
 
-        Function_Push_Pop(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ds)
+        explicit Function_Push_Pop(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ds)
           : m_ds(t_ds)
         {
           m_ds->new_function_call(m_ds.stack_holder(), m_ds.conversion_saves());
@@ -635,7 +667,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         void save_params(std::initializer_list<Boxed_Value> t_params)
         {
-          m_ds->save_function_params(std::move(t_params));
+          m_ds->save_function_params(t_params);
         }
 
 
@@ -651,7 +683,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         Stack_Push_Pop(const Stack_Push_Pop &) = delete;
         Stack_Push_Pop& operator=(const Stack_Push_Pop &) = delete;
 
-        Stack_Push_Pop(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ds)
+        explicit Stack_Push_Pop(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ds)
           : m_ds(t_ds)
         {
           m_ds->new_stack(m_ds.stack_holder());

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_engine.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_ENGINE_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_ENGINE_HPP_
 
@@ -17,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <set>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <vector>
+#include <cstring>
 
 #include "../chaiscript_defines.hpp"
 #include "../chaiscript_threading.hpp"
@@ -31,12 +36,13 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif
 
-#if defined(_POSIX_VERSION) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) 
+#if !defined(CHAISCRIPT_NO_DYNLOAD) && defined(_POSIX_VERSION) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 #endif
 
-
-#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_WINDOWS
+#if defined(CHAISCRIPT_NO_DYNLOAD)
+#include "chaiscript_unknown.hpp"
+#elif defined(CHAISCRIPT_WINDOWS)
 #include "chaiscript_windows.hpp"
 #elif _POSIX_VERSION
 #include "chaiscript_posix.hpp"
@@ -46,7 +52,6 @@
 
 
 #include "../dispatchkit/exception_specification.hpp"
-#include "chaiscript_parser.hpp"
 
 namespace chaiscript
 {
@@ -58,7 +63,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
 
   /// \brief The main object that the ChaiScript user will use.
-  class ChaiScript {
+  class ChaiScript_Basic {
 
     mutable chaiscript::detail::threading::shared_mutex m_mutex;
     mutable chaiscript::detail::threading::recursive_mutex m_use_mutex;
@@ -79,7 +84,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     {
       try {
         const auto p = m_parser->parse(t_input, t_filename);
-        return p->eval(m_engine);
+        return p->eval(chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State(m_engine));
       }
       catch (chaiscript::eval::detail::Return_Value &rv) {
         return rv.retval;
@@ -124,7 +129,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     }
 
     /// Builds all the requirements for ChaiScript, including its evaluator and a run of its prelude.
-    void build_eval_system(const ModulePtr &t_lib) {
+    void build_eval_system(const ModulePtr &t_lib, const std::vector<Options> &t_opts) {
       if (t_lib)
       {
         add(t_lib);
@@ -145,9 +150,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
               })
           , "call_exists");
 
-//      m_engine.add(fun<Boxed_Value (const dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base *, const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &)>(std::bind(&chaiscript::dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base::operator(), std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2, std::ref(m_engine.conversions()))), "call");
-//
-//
 
       m_engine.add(fun(
             [=](const dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base &t_fun, const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &t_params) -> Boxed_Value {
@@ -169,11 +171,20 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
 
 
-      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_module, const std::string &t_file){ return load_module(t_module, t_file); }), "load_module");
-      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_module){ return load_module(t_module); }), "load_module");
+      if (std::find(t_opts.begin(), t_opts.end(), Options::No_Load_Modules) == t_opts.end()
+          && std::find(t_opts.begin(), t_opts.end(), Options::Load_Modules) != t_opts.end()) 
+      {
+        m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_module, const std::string &t_file){ return load_module(t_module, t_file); }), "load_module");
+        m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_module){ return load_module(t_module); }), "load_module");
+      }
+
+      if (std::find(t_opts.begin(), t_opts.end(), Options::No_External_Scripts) == t_opts.end()
+          && std::find(t_opts.begin(), t_opts.end(), Options::External_Scripts) != t_opts.end())
+      {
+        m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_file){ return use(t_file); }), "use");
+        m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_file){ return internal_eval_file(t_file); }), "eval_file");
+      }
 
-      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_file){ return use(t_file); }), "use");
-      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_file){ return internal_eval_file(t_file); }), "eval_file");
       m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_str){ return internal_eval(t_str); }), "eval");
       m_engine.add(fun([this](const AST_NodePtr &t_ast){ return eval(t_ast); }), "eval");
 
@@ -210,70 +221,43 @@ namespace chaiscript
       }
     }
 
+    std::vector<std::string> ensure_minimum_path_vec(std::vector<std::string> paths)
+    {
+      if (paths.empty()) { return {""}; }
+      else { return paths; }
+    }
+
   public:
+
     /// \brief Constructor for ChaiScript
     /// \param[in] t_lib Standard library to apply to this ChaiScript instance
     /// \param[in] t_modulepaths Vector of paths to search when attempting to load a binary module
     /// \param[in] t_usepaths Vector of paths to search when attempting to "use" an included ChaiScript file
-    ChaiScript(const ModulePtr &t_lib,
-               std::vector<std::string> t_modulepaths = std::vector<std::string>(),
-                      std::vector<std::string> t_usepaths = std::vector<std::string>())
-      : m_module_paths(std::move(t_modulepaths)), m_use_paths(std::move(t_usepaths)),
-        m_parser(std::make_unique<parser::ChaiScript_Parser<eval::Noop_Tracer, optimizer::Optimizer<optimizer::Block, optimizer::Constant_Fold, optimizer::If, optimizer::Return, optimizer::For_Loop>>>()),
-        m_engine(*m_parser)
-
-    {
-      if (m_module_paths.empty())
-      {
-        m_module_paths.push_back("");
-      }
-
-      if (m_use_paths.empty())
-      {
-        m_use_paths.push_back("");
-      }
-
-      build_eval_system(t_lib);
-    }
-
-    /// \brief Constructor for ChaiScript.
-    /// 
-    /// This version of the ChaiScript constructor attempts to find the stdlib module to load
-    /// at runtime generates an error if it cannot be found.
-    ///
-    /// \param[in] t_modulepaths Vector of paths to search when attempting to load a binary module
-    /// \param[in] t_usepaths Vector of paths to search when attempting to "use" an included ChaiScript file
-    ChaiScript( std::vector<std::string> t_modulepaths = std::vector<std::string>(),
-                      std::vector<std::string> t_usepaths = std::vector<std::string>())
-      : m_module_paths(std::move(t_modulepaths)), m_use_paths(std::move(t_usepaths)),
-        m_parser(std::make_unique<parser::ChaiScript_Parser<eval::Noop_Tracer, optimizer::Optimizer<optimizer::Block, optimizer::Constant_Fold, optimizer::If, optimizer::Return, optimizer::For_Loop>>>()),
+    ChaiScript_Basic(const ModulePtr &t_lib,
+                     std::unique_ptr<parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base> &&parser,
+                     std::vector<std::string> t_module_paths = {},
+                     std::vector<std::string> t_use_paths = {},
+                     const std::vector<chaiscript::Options> &t_opts = chaiscript::default_options())
+      : m_module_paths(ensure_minimum_path_vec(std::move(t_module_paths))),
+        m_use_paths(ensure_minimum_path_vec(std::move(t_use_paths))),
+        m_parser(std::move(parser)),
         m_engine(*m_parser)
     {
-      if (m_module_paths.empty())
-      {
-        m_module_paths.push_back("");
-      }
-
-      if (m_use_paths.empty())
-      {
-        m_use_paths.push_back("");
-      }
-
-#if defined(_POSIX_VERSION) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) 
+#if !defined(CHAISCRIPT_NO_DYNLOAD) && defined(_POSIX_VERSION) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
       // If on Unix, add the path of the current executable to the module search path
       // as windows would do
 
       union cast_union
       {
-        Boxed_Value (ChaiScript::*in_ptr)(const std::string&);
+        Boxed_Value (ChaiScript_Basic::*in_ptr)(const std::string&);
         void *out_ptr;
       };
 
       Dl_info rInfo; 
       memset( &rInfo, 0, sizeof(rInfo) ); 
       cast_union u;
-      u.in_ptr = &ChaiScript::use;
-      if ( dladdr(static_cast<void*>(u.out_ptr), &rInfo) && rInfo.dli_fname ) { 
+      u.in_ptr = &ChaiScript_Basic::use;
+      if ( (dladdr(static_cast<void*>(u.out_ptr), &rInfo) != 0) && (rInfo.dli_fname != nullptr) ) { 
         std::string dllpath(rInfo.dli_fname);
         const size_t lastslash = dllpath.rfind('/');
         if (lastslash != std::string::npos)
@@ -292,8 +276,23 @@ namespace chaiscript
         m_module_paths.insert(m_module_paths.begin(), dllpath+"/");
       }
 #endif
+      build_eval_system(t_lib, t_opts);
+    }
 
-
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_NO_DYNLOAD
+    /// \brief Constructor for ChaiScript.
+    /// 
+    /// This version of the ChaiScript constructor attempts to find the stdlib module to load
+    /// at runtime generates an error if it cannot be found.
+    ///
+    /// \param[in] t_modulepaths Vector of paths to search when attempting to load a binary module
+    /// \param[in] t_usepaths Vector of paths to search when attempting to "use" an included ChaiScript file
+    explicit ChaiScript_Basic(std::unique_ptr<parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base> &&parser,
+                     std::vector<std::string> t_module_paths = {},
+                     std::vector<std::string> t_use_paths = {},
+                     const std::vector<chaiscript::Options> &t_opts = chaiscript::default_options())
+      : ChaiScript_Basic({}, std::move(parser), t_module_paths, t_use_paths, t_opts)
+    {
       try {
         // attempt to load the stdlib
         load_module("chaiscript_stdlib-" + Build_Info::version());
@@ -309,15 +308,23 @@ namespace chaiscript
                   << t_err.what();
         throw;
       }
-
-      build_eval_system(ModulePtr());
     }
+#else // CHAISCRIPT_NO_DYNLOAD
+explicit ChaiScript_Basic(std::unique_ptr<parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base> &&parser,
+                          std::vector<std::string> t_module_paths = {},
+                          std::vector<std::string> t_use_paths = {},
+                          const std::vector<chaiscript::Options> &t_opts = chaiscript::default_options()) = delete;
+#endif
 
+    parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base &get_parser()
+    {
+      return *m_parser;
+    }
 
     const Boxed_Value eval(const AST_NodePtr &t_ast)
     {
       try {
-        return t_ast->eval(m_engine);
+        return t_ast->eval(chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State(m_engine));
       } catch (const exception::eval_error &t_ee) {
         throw Boxed_Value(t_ee);
       }
@@ -385,8 +392,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// \param[in] t_name Name of the value to add
     /// \throw chaiscript::exception::global_non_const If t_bv is not a constant object
     /// \sa Boxed_Value::is_const
-    ChaiScript &add_global_const(const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const std::string &t_name)
+    ChaiScript_Basic &add_global_const(const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const std::string &t_name)
     {
+      Name_Validator::validate_object_name(t_name);
       m_engine.add_global_const(t_bv, t_name);
       return *this;
     }
@@ -396,14 +404,16 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// \param[in] t_name Name of the value to add
     /// \warning The user is responsible for making sure the object is thread-safe if necessary
     ///          ChaiScript is thread-safe but provides no threading locking mechanism to the script
-    ChaiScript &add_global(const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const std::string &t_name)
+    ChaiScript_Basic &add_global(const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const std::string &t_name)
     {
+      Name_Validator::validate_object_name(t_name);
       m_engine.add_global(t_bv, t_name);
       return *this;
     }
 
-    ChaiScript &set_global(const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const std::string &t_name)
+    ChaiScript_Basic &set_global(const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const std::string &t_name)
     {
+      Name_Validator::validate_object_name(t_name);
       m_engine.set_global(t_bv, t_name);
       return *this;
     }
@@ -501,8 +511,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
     ///
     /// \sa \ref adding_items
     template<typename T>
-    ChaiScript &add(const T &t_t, const std::string &t_name)
+    ChaiScript_Basic &add(const T &t_t, const std::string &t_name)
     {
+      Name_Validator::validate_object_name(t_name);
       m_engine.add(t_t, t_name);
       return *this;
     }
@@ -516,7 +527,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
     /// chai.add(chaiscript::base_class<std::runtime_error, chaiscript::dispatch_error>());
     /// \endcode
-    ChaiScript &add(const Type_Conversion &d)
+    ChaiScript_Basic &add(const Type_Conversion &d)
     {
       m_engine.add(d);
       return *this;
@@ -525,7 +536,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// \brief Adds all elements of a module to ChaiScript runtime
     /// \param[in] t_p The module to add.
     /// \sa chaiscript::Module
-    ChaiScript &add(const ModulePtr &t_p)
+    ChaiScript_Basic &add(const ModulePtr &t_p)
     {
       t_p->apply(*this, this->get_eval_engine());
       return *this;
@@ -545,6 +556,10 @@ namespace chaiscript
     /// \throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error In the event that no matching module can be found.
     std::string load_module(const std::string &t_module_name)
     {
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_NO_DYNLOAD
+      (void)t_module_name; // -Wunused-parameter
+      throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error("Loadable module support was disabled (CHAISCRIPT_NO_DYNLOAD)");
+#else
       std::vector<exception::load_module_error> errors;
       std::string version_stripped_name = t_module_name;
       size_t version_pos = version_stripped_name.find("-" + Build_Info::version());
@@ -578,6 +593,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       }
 
       throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error(t_module_name, errors);
+#endif
     }
 
     /// \brief Load a binary module from a dynamic library. Works on platforms that support

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_eval.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_EVAL_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_EVAL_HPP_
 
@@ -49,7 +53,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     {
       /// Helper function that will set up the scope around a function call, including handling the named function parameters
       template<typename T>
-      static Boxed_Value eval_function(chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_Engine &t_ss, const AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &t_node, const std::vector<std::string> &t_param_names, const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &t_vals, const std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value> *t_locals=nullptr) {
+      static Boxed_Value eval_function(chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_Engine &t_ss, const AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &t_node, const std::vector<std::string> &t_param_names, const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &t_vals, const std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value> *t_locals=nullptr, bool has_this_capture = false) {
         chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State state(t_ss);
 
         const Boxed_Value *thisobj = [&]() -> const Boxed_Value *{
@@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }();
 
         chaiscript::eval::detail::Stack_Push_Pop tpp(state);
-        if (thisobj) state.add_object("this", *thisobj);
+        if (thisobj && !has_this_capture) { state.add_object("this", *thisobj); }
 
         if (t_locals) {
           for (const auto &local : *t_locals) {
@@ -86,18 +90,21 @@ namespace chaiscript
       }
     }
 
-
-
     template<typename T>
     struct AST_Node_Impl : AST_Node 
     {
       AST_Node_Impl(std::string t_ast_node_text, AST_Node_Type t_id, Parse_Location t_loc, 
                std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children = std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>>())
-        : AST_Node(std::move(t_ast_node_text), std::move(t_id), std::move(t_loc)),
+        : AST_Node(std::move(t_ast_node_text), t_id, std::move(t_loc)),
           children(std::move(t_children))
       {
       }
 
+      static bool get_scoped_bool_condition(const AST_Node_Impl<T> &node, const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) {
+        chaiscript::eval::detail::Scope_Push_Pop spp(t_ss);
+        return get_bool_condition(node.eval(t_ss), t_ss);
+      }
+
 
       std::vector<AST_NodePtr> get_children() const final {
         return {children.begin(), children.end()};
@@ -141,6 +148,52 @@ namespace chaiscript
         AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> m_original_node;
     };
 
+
+    template<typename T>
+    struct Fold_Right_Binary_Operator_AST_Node : AST_Node_Impl<T> {
+        Fold_Right_Binary_Operator_AST_Node(const std::string &t_oper, Parse_Location t_loc, std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children, Boxed_Value t_rhs) :
+          AST_Node_Impl<T>(t_oper, AST_Node_Type::Binary, std::move(t_loc), std::move(t_children)),
+          m_oper(Operators::to_operator(t_oper)),
+          m_rhs(std::move(t_rhs))
+        { }
+
+        Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override {
+          return do_oper(t_ss, this->text, this->children[0]->eval(t_ss));
+        }
+
+      protected:
+        Boxed_Value do_oper(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss, 
+            const std::string &t_oper_string, const Boxed_Value &t_lhs) const
+        {
+          try {
+            if (t_lhs.get_type_info().is_arithmetic())
+            {
+              // If it's an arithmetic operation we want to short circuit dispatch
+              try{
+                return Boxed_Number::do_oper(m_oper, t_lhs, m_rhs);
+              } catch (const chaiscript::exception::arithmetic_error &) {
+                throw;
+              } catch (...) {
+                throw exception::eval_error("Error with numeric operator calling: " + t_oper_string);
+              }
+            } else {
+              chaiscript::eval::detail::Function_Push_Pop fpp(t_ss);
+              fpp.save_params({t_lhs, m_rhs});
+              return t_ss->call_function(t_oper_string, m_loc, {t_lhs, m_rhs}, t_ss.conversions());
+            }
+          }
+          catch(const exception::dispatch_error &e){
+            throw exception::eval_error("Can not find appropriate '" + t_oper_string + "' operator.", e.parameters, e.functions, false, *t_ss);
+          }
+        }
+
+      private:
+        Operators::Opers m_oper;
+        Boxed_Value m_rhs;
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc = {0};
+    };
+
+
     template<typename T>
     struct Binary_Operator_AST_Node : AST_Node_Impl<T> {
         Binary_Operator_AST_Node(const std::string &t_oper, Parse_Location t_loc, std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children) :
@@ -182,7 +235,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
       private:
         Operators::Opers m_oper;
-        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc;
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc = {0};
     };
 
 
@@ -194,6 +247,12 @@ namespace chaiscript
       {
       }
 
+      explicit Constant_AST_Node(Boxed_Value t_value)
+        : AST_Node_Impl<T>("", AST_Node_Type::Constant, Parse_Location()),
+          m_value(std::move(t_value))
+      {
+      }
+
       Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &) const override {
         return m_value;
       }
@@ -204,8 +263,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename T>
     struct Id_AST_Node final : AST_Node_Impl<T> {
         Id_AST_Node(const std::string &t_ast_node_text, Parse_Location t_loc) :
-          AST_Node_Impl<T>(t_ast_node_text, AST_Node_Type::Id, std::move(t_loc)),
-          m_loc(0)
+          AST_Node_Impl<T>(t_ast_node_text, AST_Node_Type::Id, std::move(t_loc))
         { }
 
         Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override {
@@ -218,17 +276,16 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
 
       private:
-        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc;
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc = {0};
     };
 
-
-
     template<typename T>
-    struct Fun_Call_AST_Node final : AST_Node_Impl<T> {
+    struct Fun_Call_AST_Node : AST_Node_Impl<T> {
         Fun_Call_AST_Node(std::string t_ast_node_text, Parse_Location t_loc, std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children) :
           AST_Node_Impl<T>(std::move(t_ast_node_text), AST_Node_Type::Fun_Call, std::move(t_loc), std::move(t_children)) { }
 
-        Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override
+        template<bool Save_Params>
+        Boxed_Value do_eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const
         {
           chaiscript::eval::detail::Function_Push_Pop fpp(t_ss);
 
@@ -239,12 +296,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
             params.push_back(child->eval(t_ss));
           }
 
-          fpp.save_params(params);
+          if (Save_Params) {
+            fpp.save_params(params);
+          }
 
           Boxed_Value fn(this->children[0]->eval(t_ss));
 
           try {
-            return (*t_ss->boxed_cast<const Const_Proxy_Function &>(fn))(params, t_ss.conversions());
+            return (*t_ss->boxed_cast<const dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base *>(fn))(params, t_ss.conversions());
           }
           catch(const exception::dispatch_error &e){
             throw exception::eval_error(std::string(e.what()) + " with function '" + this->children[0]->text + "'", e.parameters, e.functions, false, *t_ss);
@@ -269,10 +328,28 @@ namespace chaiscript
           }
         }
 
+        Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override
+        {
+          return do_eval_internal<true>(t_ss);
+        }
 
     };
 
 
+    template<typename T>
+    struct Unused_Return_Fun_Call_AST_Node final : Fun_Call_AST_Node<T> {
+        Unused_Return_Fun_Call_AST_Node(std::string t_ast_node_text, Parse_Location t_loc, std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children) :
+          Fun_Call_AST_Node<T>(std::move(t_ast_node_text), std::move(t_loc), std::move(t_children)) { }
+
+        Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override
+        {
+          return this->template do_eval_internal<false>(t_ss);
+        }
+    };
+
+
+
+
 
     template<typename T>
     struct Arg_AST_Node final : AST_Node_Impl<T> {
@@ -336,7 +413,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         Equation_AST_Node(std::string t_ast_node_text, Parse_Location t_loc, std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children) :
           AST_Node_Impl<T>(std::move(t_ast_node_text), AST_Node_Type::Equation, std::move(t_loc), std::move(t_children)), 
           m_oper(Operators::to_operator(this->text))
-        { assert(children.size() == 2); }
+        { assert(this->children.size() == 2); }
 
 
         Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override {
@@ -360,13 +437,13 @@ namespace chaiscript
             try {
 
               if (lhs.is_undef()) {
-                if ((!this->children.empty()
+                if (!this->children.empty()
                      && ((this->children[0]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Reference)
                          || (!this->children[0]->children.empty()
                               && this->children[0]->children[0]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Reference)
                        )
-                    )
                    )
+                  
                 {
                   /// \todo This does not handle the case of an unassigned reference variable
                   ///       being assigned outside of its declaration
@@ -414,8 +491,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
       private:
         Operators::Opers m_oper;
-        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc;
-        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_clone_loc;
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc = {0};
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_clone_loc = {0};
     };
 
     template<typename T>
@@ -433,12 +510,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
               }
             }();
 
-          try {
-            return t_ss->add_global_no_throw(Boxed_Value(), idname);
-          }
-          catch (const exception::reserved_word_error &) {
-            throw exception::eval_error("Reserved word used as global '" + idname + "'");
-          }
+          return t_ss->add_global_no_throw(Boxed_Value(), idname);
 
         }
     };
@@ -456,9 +528,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
             Boxed_Value bv;
             t_ss.add_object(idname, bv);
             return bv;
-          }
-          catch (const exception::reserved_word_error &) {
-            throw exception::eval_error("Reserved word used as variable '" + idname + "'");
           } catch (const exception::name_conflict_error &e) {
             throw exception::eval_error("Variable redefined '" + e.name() + "'");
           }
@@ -487,7 +556,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
 
       private:
-        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc;
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc = {0};
     };
 
     template<typename T>
@@ -543,8 +612,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
 
       private:
-        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc;
-        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_array_loc;
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc = {0};
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_array_loc = {0};
         const std::string m_fun_name;
     };
 
@@ -553,7 +622,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
     struct Lambda_AST_Node final : AST_Node_Impl<T> {
         Lambda_AST_Node(std::string t_ast_node_text, Parse_Location t_loc, std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children) :
           AST_Node_Impl<T>(t_ast_node_text, AST_Node_Type::Lambda, std::move(t_loc), std::move(t_children)),
-          m_param_names(Arg_List_AST_Node<T>::get_arg_names(this->children[1])) { }
+          m_param_names(Arg_List_AST_Node<T>::get_arg_names(this->children[1])),
+          m_this_capture(has_this_capture(this->children[0]->children))
+        { }
 
         Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override {
 
@@ -573,20 +644,43 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
           return Boxed_Value(
               dispatch::make_dynamic_proxy_function(
-                  [engine, lambda_node, param_names = this->m_param_names, captures](const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &t_params)
+                  [engine, lambda_node, param_names = this->m_param_names, captures, this_capture = this->m_this_capture](const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &t_params)
                   {
-                    return detail::eval_function(engine, lambda_node, param_names, t_params, &captures);
+                    return detail::eval_function(engine, lambda_node, param_names, t_params, &captures, this_capture);
                   },
                   static_cast<int>(numparams), lambda_node, param_types
                 )
               );
         }
 
+        static bool has_this_capture(const std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> &children) {
+          return std::any_of(std::begin(children), std::end(children),
+                [](const auto &child){
+                  return child->children[0]->text == "this";
+                }
+              );
+        }
+
       private:
         const std::vector<std::string> m_param_names;
+        const bool m_this_capture = false;
 
     };
 
+    template<typename T>
+    struct Scopeless_Block_AST_Node final : AST_Node_Impl<T> {
+        Scopeless_Block_AST_Node(std::string t_ast_node_text, Parse_Location t_loc, std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children) :
+          AST_Node_Impl<T>(std::move(t_ast_node_text), AST_Node_Type::Scopeless_Block, std::move(t_loc), std::move(t_children)) { }
+
+        Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override {
+          const auto num_children = this->children.size();
+          for (size_t i = 0; i < num_children-1; ++i) {
+            this->children[i]->eval(t_ss);
+          }
+          return this->children.back()->eval(t_ss);
+        }
+    };
+
     template<typename T>
     struct Block_AST_Node final : AST_Node_Impl<T> {
         Block_AST_Node(std::string t_ast_node_text, Parse_Location t_loc, std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children) :
@@ -655,9 +749,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
                   },
                   static_cast<int>(numparams), this->children.back(),
                   param_types, guard), l_function_name);
-          }
-          catch (const exception::reserved_word_error &e) {
-            throw exception::eval_error("Reserved word used as function name '" + e.word() + "'");
           } catch (const exception::name_conflict_error &e) {
             throw exception::eval_error("Function redefined '" + e.name() + "'");
           }
@@ -675,7 +766,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           chaiscript::eval::detail::Scope_Push_Pop spp(t_ss);
 
           try {
-            while (this->get_bool_condition(this->children[0]->eval(t_ss))) {
+            while (this->get_scoped_bool_condition(*this->children[0], t_ss)) {
               try {
                 this->children[1]->eval(t_ss);
               } catch (detail::Continue_Loop &) {
@@ -710,43 +801,102 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
     };
 
-    template<typename T>
-    struct Ternary_Cond_AST_Node final : AST_Node_Impl<T> {
-        Ternary_Cond_AST_Node(std::string t_ast_node_text, Parse_Location t_loc, std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children) :
-          AST_Node_Impl<T>(std::move(t_ast_node_text), AST_Node_Type::Ternary_Cond, std::move(t_loc), std::move(t_children)) 
-          { assert(this->children.size() == 3); }
-
-        Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override {
-          if (this->get_bool_condition(this->children[0]->eval(t_ss))) {
-            return this->children[1]->eval(t_ss);
-          } else {
-            return this->children[2]->eval(t_ss);
-          }
-        }
-
-    };
 
     template<typename T>
     struct If_AST_Node final : AST_Node_Impl<T> {
         If_AST_Node(std::string t_ast_node_text, Parse_Location t_loc, std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children) :
           AST_Node_Impl<T>(std::move(t_ast_node_text), AST_Node_Type::If, std::move(t_loc), std::move(t_children)) 
         { 
-          assert(this->children.size() == 2 || this->children.size() == 3);
+          assert(this->children.size() == 3);
         }
 
         Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override {
-          if (this->get_bool_condition(this->children[0]->eval(t_ss))) {
+          if (this->get_bool_condition(this->children[0]->eval(t_ss), t_ss)) {
             return this->children[1]->eval(t_ss);
           } else {
-            if (this->children.size() == 3) {
-              return this->children[2]->eval(t_ss);
-            } else {
-              return void_var();
-            }
+            return this->children[2]->eval(t_ss);
           }
         }
     };
 
+    template<typename T>
+    struct Ranged_For_AST_Node final : AST_Node_Impl<T> {
+        Ranged_For_AST_Node(std::string t_ast_node_text, Parse_Location t_loc, std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children) :
+          AST_Node_Impl<T>(std::move(t_ast_node_text), AST_Node_Type::Ranged_For, std::move(t_loc), std::move(t_children))
+          { assert(this->children.size() == 3); }
+
+        Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override{
+          const auto get_function = [&t_ss](const std::string &t_name, auto &t_hint){
+            uint_fast32_t hint = t_hint;
+            auto funs = t_ss->get_function(t_name, hint);
+            if (funs.first != hint) { t_hint = uint_fast32_t(funs.first); }
+            return std::move(funs.second);
+          };
+
+          const auto call_function = [&t_ss](const auto &t_funcs, const Boxed_Value &t_param) {
+            return dispatch::dispatch(*t_funcs, {t_param}, t_ss.conversions());
+          };
+
+
+          const std::string &loop_var_name = this->children[0]->text;
+          Boxed_Value range_expression_result = this->children[1]->eval(t_ss);
+
+
+          const auto do_loop = [&loop_var_name, &t_ss, this](const auto &ranged_thing){
+            try {
+              chaiscript::eval::detail::Scope_Push_Pop spp(t_ss);
+              Boxed_Value &obj = t_ss.add_get_object(loop_var_name, void_var());
+              for (auto loop_var : ranged_thing) {
+                obj = Boxed_Value(std::move(loop_var));
+                try {
+                  this->children[2]->eval(t_ss);
+                } catch (detail::Continue_Loop &) {
+                }
+              }
+            } catch (detail::Break_Loop &) {
+              // loop broken
+            }
+            return void_var();
+          };
+
+          if (range_expression_result.get_type_info().bare_equal_type_info(typeid(std::vector<Boxed_Value>))) {
+            return do_loop(boxed_cast<const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &>(range_expression_result));
+          } else if (range_expression_result.get_type_info().bare_equal_type_info(typeid(std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value>))) {
+            return do_loop(boxed_cast<const std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value> &>(range_expression_result));
+          } else {
+            const auto range_funcs = get_function("range", m_range_loc);
+            const auto empty_funcs = get_function("empty", m_empty_loc);
+            const auto front_funcs = get_function("front", m_front_loc);
+            const auto pop_front_funcs = get_function("pop_front", m_pop_front_loc);
+
+            try {
+              const auto range_obj = call_function(range_funcs, range_expression_result);
+              chaiscript::eval::detail::Scope_Push_Pop spp(t_ss);
+              Boxed_Value &obj = t_ss.add_get_object(loop_var_name, void_var());
+              while (!boxed_cast<bool>(call_function(empty_funcs, range_obj))) {
+                obj = call_function(front_funcs, range_obj);
+                try {
+                  this->children[2]->eval(t_ss);
+                } catch (detail::Continue_Loop &) {
+                }
+                call_function(pop_front_funcs, range_obj);
+              }
+            } catch (detail::Break_Loop &) {
+              // loop broken
+            }
+            return void_var();
+          }
+
+        }
+
+      private:
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_range_loc = {0};
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_empty_loc = {0};
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_front_loc = {0};
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_pop_front_loc = {0};
+    };
+
+
     template<typename T>
     struct For_AST_Node final : AST_Node_Impl<T> {
         For_AST_Node(std::string t_ast_node_text, Parse_Location t_loc, std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children) :
@@ -759,7 +909,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           try {
             for (
                 this->children[0]->eval(t_ss);
-                this->get_bool_condition(this->children[1]->eval(t_ss));
+                this->get_scoped_bool_condition(*this->children[1], t_ss);
                 this->children[2]->eval(t_ss)
                 ) {
               try {
@@ -821,14 +971,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return void_var();
         }
 
-        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc;
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc = {0};
     };
 
     template<typename T>
     struct Case_AST_Node final : AST_Node_Impl<T> {
         Case_AST_Node(std::string t_ast_node_text, Parse_Location t_loc, std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children) :
           AST_Node_Impl<T>(std::move(t_ast_node_text), AST_Node_Type::Case, std::move(t_loc), std::move(t_children)) 
-        { assert(children.size() == 2); /* how many children does it have? */ }
+        { assert(this->children.size() == 2); /* how many children does it have? */ }
 
         Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override {
           chaiscript::eval::detail::Scope_Push_Pop spp(t_ss);
@@ -843,7 +993,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
     struct Default_AST_Node final : AST_Node_Impl<T> {
         Default_AST_Node(std::string t_ast_node_text, Parse_Location t_loc, std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children) :
           AST_Node_Impl<T>(std::move(t_ast_node_text), AST_Node_Type::Default, std::move(t_loc), std::move(t_children))
-        { assert(children.size() == 1); }
+        { assert(this->children.size() == 1); }
 
         Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override {
           chaiscript::eval::detail::Scope_Push_Pop spp(t_ss);
@@ -882,7 +1032,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
 
       private:
-        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc;
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc = {0};
     };
 
     template<typename T>
@@ -890,7 +1040,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
         Inline_Map_AST_Node(std::string t_ast_node_text, Parse_Location t_loc, std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children) :
           AST_Node_Impl<T>(std::move(t_ast_node_text), AST_Node_Type::Inline_Map, std::move(t_loc), std::move(t_children)) { }
 
-        Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override{
+        Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override
+        {
           try {
             std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value> retval;
 
@@ -911,7 +1062,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
 
       private:
-        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc;
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc = {0};
     };
 
     template<typename T>
@@ -958,17 +1109,12 @@ namespace chaiscript
     struct Reference_AST_Node final : AST_Node_Impl<T> {
         Reference_AST_Node(std::string t_ast_node_text, Parse_Location t_loc, std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children) :
           AST_Node_Impl<T>(std::move(t_ast_node_text), AST_Node_Type::Reference, std::move(t_loc), std::move(t_children))
-        { assert(children.size() == 1); }
+        { assert(this->children.size() == 1); }
 
         Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override{
-          try {
-            Boxed_Value bv;
-            t_ss.add_object(this->children[0]->text, bv);
-            return bv;
-          }
-          catch (const exception::reserved_word_error &) {
-            throw exception::eval_error("Reserved word used as variable '" + this->children[0]->text + "'");
-          }
+          Boxed_Value bv;
+          t_ss.add_object(this->children[0]->text, bv);
+          return bv;
         }
     };
 
@@ -998,15 +1144,15 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
 
       private:
-        Operators::Opers m_oper;
-        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc;
+        Operators::Opers m_oper = Operators::Opers::invalid;
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc = {0};
     };
 
     template<typename T>
     struct Break_AST_Node final : AST_Node_Impl<T> {
         Break_AST_Node(std::string t_ast_node_text, Parse_Location t_loc, std::vector<AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> t_children) :
           AST_Node_Impl<T>(std::move(t_ast_node_text), AST_Node_Type::Break, std::move(t_loc), std::move(t_children)) { }
-        
+
         Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &) const override{
           throw detail::Break_Loop();
         }
@@ -1029,10 +1175,11 @@ namespace chaiscript
         { }
 
         Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &) const override{
-          // It's a no-op, that evaluates to "true"
-          // the magic-static version of const_var(true) helps us here
-          return const_var(true);
+          // It's a no-op, that evaluates to "void"
+          return val;
         }
+
+        Boxed_Value val = void_var();
     };
 
     template<typename T>
@@ -1064,7 +1211,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         }
 
       private:
-        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc;
+        mutable std::atomic_uint_fast32_t m_loc = {0};
     };
 
     template<typename T>
@@ -1094,7 +1241,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
               if (dispatch::Param_Types(
                     std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Type_Info>>{Arg_List_AST_Node<T>::get_arg_type(catch_block->children[0], t_ss)}
-                    ).match(std::vector<Boxed_Value>{t_except}, t_ss.conversions()))
+                    ).match(std::vector<Boxed_Value>{t_except}, t_ss.conversions()).first)
               {
                 t_ss.add_object(name, t_except);
 
@@ -1142,11 +1289,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
           try {
             retval = this->children[0]->eval(t_ss);
           }
-          catch (exception::eval_error &) {
-            if (this->children.back()->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Finally) {
-              this->children.back()->children[0]->eval(t_ss);
-            }
-            throw;
+          catch (const exception::eval_error &e) {
+            retval = handle_exception(t_ss, Boxed_Value(std::ref(e)));
           }
           catch (const std::runtime_error &e) {
             retval = handle_exception(t_ss, Boxed_Value(std::ref(e)));
@@ -1198,30 +1342,27 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
           AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> guardnode;
 
-          const auto d = t_ss->get_parent_locals();
-          const auto itr = d.find("_current_class_name");
-          const auto class_offset = (itr != d.end())?-1:0;
-          const std::string & class_name = (itr != d.end())?std::string(boxed_cast<std::string>(itr->second)):this->children[0]->text;
+          const std::string & class_name = this->children[0]->text;
 
           //The first param of a method is always the implied this ptr.
           std::vector<std::string> t_param_names{"this"};
           dispatch::Param_Types param_types;
 
-          if ((this->children.size() > static_cast<size_t>(3 + class_offset)) 
-               && (this->children[static_cast<size_t>(2 + class_offset)]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Arg_List)) {
-            auto args = Arg_List_AST_Node<T>::get_arg_names(this->children[static_cast<size_t>(2 + class_offset)]);
+          if ((this->children.size() > 3) 
+               && (this->children[2]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Arg_List)) {
+            auto args = Arg_List_AST_Node<T>::get_arg_names(this->children[2]);
             t_param_names.insert(t_param_names.end(), args.begin(), args.end());
-            param_types = Arg_List_AST_Node<T>::get_arg_types(this->children[static_cast<size_t>(2 + class_offset)], t_ss);
+            param_types = Arg_List_AST_Node<T>::get_arg_types(this->children[2], t_ss);
 
-            if (this->children.size() > static_cast<size_t>(4 + class_offset)) {
-              guardnode = this->children[static_cast<size_t>(3 + class_offset)];
+            if (this->children.size() > 4) {
+              guardnode = this->children[3];
             }
           }
           else {
             //no parameters
 
-            if (this->children.size() > static_cast<size_t>(3 + class_offset)) {
-              guardnode = this->children[static_cast<size_t>(2 + class_offset)];
+            if (this->children.size() > 3) {
+              guardnode = this->children[2];
             }
           }
 
@@ -1238,7 +1379,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           }
 
           try {
-            const std::string & function_name = this->children[static_cast<size_t>(1 + class_offset)]->text;
+            const std::string & function_name = this->children[1]->text;
             auto node = this->children.back();
 
             if (function_name == class_name) {
@@ -1269,9 +1410,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
                       static_cast<int>(numparams), node, param_types, guard), type), 
                   function_name);
             }
-          }
-          catch (const exception::reserved_word_error &e) {
-            throw exception::eval_error("Reserved word used as method name '" + e.word() + "'");
           } catch (const exception::name_conflict_error &e) {
             throw exception::eval_error("Method redefined '" + e.name() + "'");
           }
@@ -1287,13 +1425,10 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override 
         {
-          const auto &d = t_ss->get_parent_locals();
-          const auto itr = d.find("_current_class_name");
-          const auto class_offset = (itr != d.end())?-1:0;
-          std::string class_name = (itr != d.end())?std::string(boxed_cast<std::string>(itr->second)):this->children[0]->text;
+          std::string class_name = this->children[0]->text;
 
           try {
-            std::string attr_name = this->children[static_cast<size_t>(1 + class_offset)]->text;
+            std::string attr_name = this->children[1]->text;
 
             t_ss->add(
                 std::make_shared<dispatch::detail::Dynamic_Object_Function>(
@@ -1303,11 +1438,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
                          }),
                      true
 
-                ), this->children[static_cast<size_t>(1 + class_offset)]->text);
-
-          }
-          catch (const exception::reserved_word_error &) {
-            throw exception::eval_error("Reserved word used as attribute '" + this->children[static_cast<size_t>(1 + class_offset)]->text + "'");
+                ), this->children[1]->text);
           } catch (const exception::name_conflict_error &e) {
             throw exception::eval_error("Attribute redefined '" + e.name() + "'");
           }
@@ -1325,8 +1456,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override
         {
-          return const_var(this->get_bool_condition(this->children[0]->eval(t_ss))
-              && this->get_bool_condition(this->children[1]->eval(t_ss)));
+          return const_var(this->get_bool_condition(this->children[0]->eval(t_ss), t_ss)
+              && this->get_bool_condition(this->children[1]->eval(t_ss), t_ss));
         }
 
     };
@@ -1339,8 +1470,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
         Boxed_Value eval_internal(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &t_ss) const override
         {
-          return const_var(this->get_bool_condition(this->children[0]->eval(t_ss))
-              || this->get_bool_condition(this->children[1]->eval(t_ss)));
+          return const_var(this->get_bool_condition(this->children[0]->eval(t_ss), t_ss)
+              || this->get_bool_condition(this->children[1]->eval(t_ss), t_ss));
         }
     };
   }

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_optimizer.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_OPTIMIZER_HPP_
@@ -17,25 +17,34 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       struct Optimizer : T...
     {
       Optimizer() = default;
-      Optimizer(T ... t)
+      explicit Optimizer(T ... t)
         : T(std::move(t))...
       {
       }
 
       template<typename Tracer>
       auto optimize(eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<Tracer> p) {
-        (void)std::initializer_list<int>{ (p = T::optimize(p), 0)... };
+        (void)std::initializer_list<int>{ (p = static_cast<T&>(*this).optimize(p), 0)... };
         return p;
       }
     };
 
     template<typename T>
       auto child_at(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &node, const size_t offset) {
+        if (node->children[offset]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Compiled) {
+          return dynamic_cast<const eval::Compiled_AST_Node<T>&>(*node->children[offset]).m_original_node;
+        } else {
+          return node->children[offset];
+        }
+
+
+        /*
         if (node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Compiled) {
           return dynamic_cast<const eval::Compiled_AST_Node<T>&>(*node).m_original_node->children[offset];
         } else {
           return node->children[offset];
         }
+        */
       }
 
     template<typename T>
@@ -58,7 +67,7 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       template<typename T>
       auto optimize(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &p)
       {
-        if (p->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Def
+        if ( (p->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Def || p->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Lambda)
             && !p->children.empty())
         {
           auto &last_child = p->children.back();
@@ -88,6 +97,7 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       for (size_t i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
         const auto &child = child_at(node, i);
         if (child->identifier != AST_Node_Type::Block
+            && child->identifier != AST_Node_Type::For
             && contains_var_decl_in_scope(child)) {
           return true;
         }
@@ -99,21 +109,94 @@ namespace chaiscript {
     struct Block {
       template<typename T>
       auto optimize(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &node) {
-        if (node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Block
-            && node->children.size() == 1
-            && !contains_var_decl_in_scope(node))
+        if (node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Block)
         {
-          return node->children[0];
-        } else {
+          if (!contains_var_decl_in_scope(node))
+          {
+            if (node->children.size() == 1) {
+              return node->children[0];
+            } else {
+              return chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Scopeless_Block_AST_Node<T>>(node->text, node->location, node->children);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        return node;
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct Dead_Code {
+      template<typename T>
+        auto optimize(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &node) {
+          if (node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Block)
+          {
+            std::vector<size_t> keepers;
+            const auto num_children = node->children.size();
+            keepers.reserve(num_children);
+
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < num_children; ++i) {
+              auto child = node->children[i];
+              if ( (child->identifier != AST_Node_Type::Id
+                    && child->identifier != AST_Node_Type::Constant
+                    && child->identifier != AST_Node_Type::Noop)
+                  || i == num_children - 1) {
+                keepers.push_back(i);
+              }
+            }
+
+            if (keepers.size() == num_children) {
+              return node;
+            } else {
+              std::vector<eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T>> new_children;
+              for (const auto x : keepers)
+              {
+                new_children.push_back(node->children[x]);
+              }
+              return chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Block_AST_Node<T>>(node->text, node->location, new_children);
+            }
+          } else {
+            return node;
+          }
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct Unused_Return {
+      template<typename T>
+        auto optimize(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &node) {
+          if ((node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Block
+              || node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Scopeless_Block)
+              && !node->children.empty())
+          {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < node->children.size()-1; ++i) {
+              auto child = node->children[i];
+              if (child->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Fun_Call) {
+                node->children[i] = chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Unused_Return_Fun_Call_AST_Node<T>>(child->text, child->location, std::move(child->children));
+              }
+            }
+          } else if ((node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::For
+                      || node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::While)
+                     && child_count(node) > 0) {
+            auto child = child_at(node, child_count(node) - 1);
+            if (child->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Block
+                || child->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Scopeless_Block)
+            {
+              auto num_sub_children = child_count(child);
+              for (size_t i = 0; i < num_sub_children; ++i) {
+                auto sub_child = child_at(child, i);
+                if (sub_child->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Fun_Call) {
+                  child->children[i] = chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Unused_Return_Fun_Call_AST_Node<T>>(sub_child->text, sub_child->location, std::move(sub_child->children));
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
           return node;
         }
-      }
     };
 
     struct If {
       template<typename T>
       auto optimize(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &node) {
-        if ((node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::If || node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Ternary_Cond)
+        if ((node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::If)
              && node->children.size() >= 2
              && node->children[0]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Constant)
         {
@@ -131,11 +214,78 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       }
     };
 
+    struct Partial_Fold {
+      template<typename T>
+      auto optimize(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &node) {
+
+        // Fold right side
+        if (node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Binary
+            && node->children.size() == 2
+            && node->children[0]->identifier != AST_Node_Type::Constant
+            && node->children[1]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Constant)
+        {
+          try {
+            const auto &oper = node->text;
+            const auto parsed = Operators::to_operator(oper);
+            if (parsed != Operators::Opers::invalid) {
+              const auto rhs = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(node->children[1])->m_value;
+              if (rhs.get_type_info().is_arithmetic()) {
+                return chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Fold_Right_Binary_Operator_AST_Node<T>>(node->text, node->location, node->children, rhs);
+              }
+            }
+          } catch (const std::exception &) {
+            //failure to fold, that's OK
+          }
+        }
+
+        return node;
+      }
+    };
+
     struct Constant_Fold {
       template<typename T>
       auto optimize(const eval::AST_Node_Impl_Ptr<T> &node) {
 
-        if (node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Binary
+        if (node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Prefix
+            && node->children.size() == 1
+            && node->children[0]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Constant)
+        {
+          try {
+            const auto &oper = node->text;
+            const auto parsed = Operators::to_operator(oper, true);
+            const auto lhs = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(node->children[0])->m_value;
+            const auto match = oper + node->children[0]->text;
+
+            if (parsed != Operators::Opers::invalid && parsed != Operators::Opers::bitwise_and && lhs.get_type_info().is_arithmetic()) {
+              const auto val  = Boxed_Number::do_oper(parsed, lhs);
+              return chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(std::move(match), node->location, std::move(val));
+            } else if (lhs.get_type_info().bare_equal_type_info(typeid(bool)) && oper == "!") {
+              return chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(std::move(match), node->location, Boxed_Value(!boxed_cast<bool>(lhs)));
+            }
+          } catch (const std::exception &) {
+            //failure to fold, that's OK
+          }
+        } else if ((node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Logical_And || node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Logical_Or)
+            && node->children.size() == 2
+            && node->children[0]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Constant
+            && node->children[1]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Constant)
+        {
+          try {
+            const auto lhs = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(node->children[0])->m_value;
+            const auto rhs = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(node->children[1])->m_value;
+            if (lhs.get_type_info().bare_equal_type_info(typeid(bool)) && rhs.get_type_info().bare_equal_type_info(typeid(bool))) {
+              const auto match = node->children[0]->text + " " + node->text + " " + node->children[1]->text;
+              const auto val = [lhs_val = boxed_cast<bool>(lhs), rhs_val = boxed_cast<bool>(rhs), id = node->identifier] {
+                if (id == AST_Node_Type::Logical_And) { return Boxed_Value(lhs_val && rhs_val); }
+                else { return Boxed_Value(lhs_val || rhs_val); }
+              }();
+
+              return chaiscript::make_shared<eval::AST_Node_Impl<T>, eval::Constant_AST_Node<T>>(std::move(match), node->location, std::move(val));
+            }
+          } catch (const std::exception &) {
+            //failure to fold, that's OK
+          }
+        } else if (node->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Binary
             && node->children.size() == 2
             && node->children[0]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Constant
             && node->children[1]->identifier == AST_Node_Type::Constant)
@@ -179,8 +329,11 @@ namespace chaiscript {
               return make_constant(Boxed_Number(arg).get_as<float>());
             } else if (fun_name == "long") {
               return make_constant(Boxed_Number(arg).get_as<long>());
+            } else if (fun_name == "size_t") {
+              return make_constant(Boxed_Number(arg).get_as<size_t>());
             }
 
+
           }
 
         }
@@ -264,6 +417,8 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       }
     };
 
+    typedef Optimizer<optimizer::Partial_Fold, optimizer::Unused_Return, optimizer::Constant_Fold, 
+      optimizer::If, optimizer::Return, optimizer::Dead_Code, optimizer::Block, optimizer::For_Loop> Optimizer_Default; 
 
   }
 }

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_posix.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_POSIX_HPP_
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ namespace chaiscript
     {
       struct DLModule
       {
-        DLModule(const std::string &t_filename)
+        explicit DLModule(const std::string &t_filename)
           : m_data(dlopen(t_filename.c_str(), RTLD_NOW))
         {
-          if (!m_data)
+          if (m_data == nullptr)
           {
             throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error(dlerror());
           }

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_prelude.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// and 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// and 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_PRELUDE_HPP_

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_tracer.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_TRACER_HPP_
@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@
 namespace chaiscript {
   namespace eval {
 
-    struct Noop_Tracer
+
+    struct Noop_Tracer_Detail
     {
       template<typename T>
-        static void trace(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &, const AST_Node_Impl<T> *)
+        void trace(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &, const AST_Node_Impl<T> *)
         {
         }
     };
@@ -22,13 +23,13 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       struct Tracer : T...
     {
       Tracer() = default;
-      Tracer(T ... t)
+      explicit Tracer(T ... t)
         : T(std::move(t))...
       {
       }
 
       void do_trace(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &ds, const AST_Node_Impl<Tracer<T...>> *node) {
-        (void)std::initializer_list<int>{ (T::trace(ds, node), 0)... };
+        (void)std::initializer_list<int>{ (static_cast<T&>(*this).trace(ds, node), 0)... };
       }
 
       static void trace(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &ds, const AST_Node_Impl<Tracer<T...>> *node) {
@@ -36,6 +37,8 @@ namespace chaiscript {
       }
     };
 
+    typedef Tracer<Noop_Tracer_Detail> Noop_Tracer;
+
   }
 }
 

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_unknown.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_UNKNOWN_HPP_
@@ -16,7 +16,11 @@ namespace chaiscript
     {
       Loadable_Module(const std::string &, const std::string &)
       {
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_NO_DYNLOAD
+        throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error("Loadable module support was disabled (CHAISCRIPT_NO_DYNLOAD)");
+#else
         throw chaiscript::exception::load_module_error("Loadable module support not available for your platform");
+#endif
       }
 
       ModulePtr m_moduleptr;

include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_windows.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_WINDOWS_HPP_
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
       struct DLModule
       {
-        DLModule(const std::string &t_filename)
+        explicit DLModule(const std::string &t_filename)
           : m_data(LoadLibrary(to_proper_string(t_filename).c_str()))
         {
           if (!m_data)

include/chaiscript/utility/fnv1a.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// This file is distributed under the BSD License.
+// See "license.txt" for details.
+// Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// http://www.chaiscript.com
+
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_UTILITY_FNV1A_HPP_
+#define CHAISCRIPT_UTILITY_FNV1A_HPP_
+
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include "../chaiscript_defines.hpp"
+
+
+namespace chaiscript
+{
+
+
+  namespace utility
+  {
+
+
+    static constexpr std::uint32_t fnv1a_32(const char *s, std::uint32_t h = 0x811c9dc5) {
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4307)
+#endif
+      return (*s == 0) ? h : fnv1a_32(s+1, ((h ^ (*s)) * 0x01000193));
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+    }
+
+
+  }
+
+
+}
+
+#endif

include/chaiscript/utility/json.hpp

@@ -47,6 +47,79 @@ class JSON
     };
 
   private:
+
+    struct QuickFlatMap
+    {
+      auto find(const std::string &s) {
+        return std::find_if(std::begin(data), std::end(data), [&s](const auto &d) { return d.first == s; });
+      }
+
+      auto find(const std::string &s) const {
+        return std::find_if(std::begin(data), std::end(data), [&s](const auto &d) { return d.first == s; });
+      }
+
+      auto size() const {
+        return data.size();
+      }
+
+      auto begin() const {
+        return data.begin();
+      }
+
+      auto end() const {
+        return data.end();
+      }
+
+
+      auto begin() {
+        return data.begin();
+      }
+
+      auto end() {
+        return data.end();
+      }
+
+
+      JSON &operator[](const std::string &s) {
+        const auto itr = find(s);
+        if (itr != data.end()) {
+          return itr->second;
+        } else {
+          data.emplace_back(s, JSON());
+          return data.back().second;
+        }
+      }
+
+      JSON &at(const std::string &s) {
+        const auto itr = find(s);
+        if (itr != data.end()) {
+          return itr->second;
+        } else {
+          throw std::out_of_range("Unknown key: " + s);
+        }
+      }
+
+      const JSON &at(const std::string &s) const {
+        const auto itr = find(s);
+        if (itr != data.end()) {
+          return itr->second;
+        } else {
+          throw std::out_of_range("Unknown key: " + s);
+        }
+      }
+
+      size_t count(const std::string &s) const {
+        return (find(s) != data.end())?1:0;
+      }
+
+      std::vector<std::pair<std::string, JSON>> data;
+
+      using iterator = decltype(data)::iterator;
+      using const_iterator = decltype(data)::const_iterator;
+
+
+    };
+
     struct Internal {
       template<typename T>
         auto clone(const std::unique_ptr<T> &ptr) {
@@ -100,7 +173,7 @@ class JSON
         String.reset();
 
         switch( type ) {
-          case Class::Object:    Map    = std::make_unique<std::map<std::string,JSON>>(); break;
+          case Class::Object:    Map    = std::make_unique<QuickFlatMap>(); break;
           case Class::Array:     List   = std::make_unique<std::vector<JSON>>();      break;
           case Class::String:    String = std::make_unique<std::string>();           break;
           case Class::Floating:  Float  = 0.0;                    break;
@@ -116,7 +189,7 @@ class JSON
       Internal &operator=(Internal &&) = default;
 
       std::unique_ptr<std::vector<JSON>>      List;
-      std::unique_ptr<std::map<std::string,JSON>> Map;
+      std::unique_ptr<QuickFlatMap> Map;
       std::unique_ptr<std::string>           String;
       double              Float = 0;
       long                Int = 0;
@@ -229,7 +302,7 @@ class JSON
 
     bool has_key( const std::string &key ) const {
       if( internal.Type == Class::Object ) {
-        return internal.Map->find( key ) != internal.Map->end();
+        return internal.Map->count(key) != 0;
       }
 
       return false;
@@ -274,11 +347,11 @@ class JSON
       return ok ? internal.Bool : false;
     }
 
-    JSONWrapper<std::map<std::string,JSON>> object_range() {
+    JSONWrapper<QuickFlatMap> object_range() {
       if( internal.Type == Class::Object ) {
-        return JSONWrapper<std::map<std::string,JSON>>( internal.Map.get() );
+        return JSONWrapper<QuickFlatMap>( internal.Map.get() );
       } else {
-        return JSONWrapper<std::map<std::string,JSON>>( nullptr );
+        return JSONWrapper<QuickFlatMap>( nullptr );
       }
     }
 
@@ -290,11 +363,11 @@ class JSON
       }
     }
 
-    JSONConstWrapper<std::map<std::string,JSON>> object_range() const {
+    JSONConstWrapper<QuickFlatMap> object_range() const {
       if( internal.Type == Class::Object ) {
-        return JSONConstWrapper<std::map<std::string,JSON>>( internal.Map.get() );
+        return JSONConstWrapper<QuickFlatMap>( internal.Map.get() );
       } else {
-        return JSONConstWrapper<std::map<std::string,JSON>>( nullptr );
+        return JSONConstWrapper<QuickFlatMap>( nullptr );
       }
     }
 
@@ -313,12 +386,12 @@ class JSON
           return "null";
         case Class::Object: {
                               std::string pad = "";
-                              for( long i = 0; i < depth; ++i, pad += tab );
+                              for( long i = 0; i < depth; ++i, pad += tab ) { }
 
                               std::string s = "{\n";
                               bool skip = true;
                               for( auto &p : *internal.Map ) {
-                                if( !skip ) s += ",\n";
+                                if( !skip ) { s += ",\n"; }
                                 s += ( pad + "\"" + p.first + "\" : " + p.second.dump( depth + 1, tab ) );
                                 skip = false;
                               }
@@ -329,7 +402,7 @@ class JSON
                              std::string s = "[";
                              bool skip = true;
                              for( auto &p : *internal.List ) {
-                               if( !skip ) s += ", ";
+                               if( !skip ) { s += ", "; }
                                s += p.dump( depth + 1, tab );
                                skip = false;
                              }
@@ -353,8 +426,8 @@ class JSON
   private:
     static std::string json_escape( const std::string &str ) {
       std::string output;
-      for( size_t i = 0; i < str.length(); ++i )
-        switch( str[i] ) {
+      for(char i : str) {
+        switch( i ) {
           case '\"': output += "\\\""; break;
           case '\\': output += "\\\\"; break;
           case '\b': output += "\\b";  break;
@@ -362,8 +435,9 @@ class JSON
           case '\n': output += "\\n";  break;
           case '\r': output += "\\r";  break;
           case '\t': output += "\\t";  break;
-          default  : output += str[i]; break;
+          default  : output += i; break;
         }
+}
       return output;
     }
 
@@ -389,7 +463,7 @@ struct JSONParser {
   }
 
   static void consume_ws( const std::string &str, size_t &offset ) {
-    while( isspace( str[offset] ) && offset <= str.size() ) ++offset;
+    while( isspace( str[offset] ) && offset <= str.size() ) { ++offset; }
   }
 
   static JSON parse_object( const std::string &str, size_t &offset ) {
@@ -471,9 +545,9 @@ struct JSONParser {
                        val += "\\u" ;
                        for( size_t i = 1; i <= 4; ++i ) {
                          c = str[offset+i];
-                         if( (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') )
+                         if( (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') ) {
                            val += c;
-                         else {
+                         } else {
                            throw std::runtime_error(std::string("JSON ERROR: String: Expected hex character in unicode escape, found '") + c + "'");
                          }
                        }
@@ -481,9 +555,9 @@ struct JSONParser {
                      } break;
           default  : val += '\\'; break;
         }
-      }
-      else
+      } else {
         val += c;
+      }
     }
     ++offset;
     return JSON(val);
@@ -493,33 +567,43 @@ struct JSONParser {
     std::string val, exp_str;
     char c = '\0';
     bool isDouble = false;
+    bool isNegative = false;
     long exp = 0;
+    if( offset < str.size() && str[offset] == '-' ) {
+      isNegative = true;
+      ++offset;
+    }
     for (; offset < str.size() ;) {
       c = str[offset++];
-      if( (c == '-') || (c >= '0' && c <= '9') )
+      if( c >= '0' && c <= '9' ) {
         val += c;
-      else if( c == '.' ) {
+      } else if( c == '.' && !isDouble ) {
         val += c; 
         isDouble = true;
-      }
-      else
+      } else {
         break;
+      }
     }
     if( offset < str.size() && (c == 'E' || c == 'e' )) {
       c = str[ offset++ ];
-      if( c == '-' ) { exp_str += '-';}
-      else if( c == '+' ) { }
-      else --offset;
+      if( c == '-' ) { 
+        exp_str += '-';
+      } else if( c == '+' ) {
+        // do nothing
+      } else { 
+        --offset; 
+      }
 
       for (; offset < str.size() ;) {
         c = str[ offset++ ];
-        if( c >= '0' && c <= '9' )
+        if( c >= '0' && c <= '9' ) {
           exp_str += c;
-        else if( !isspace( c ) && c != ',' && c != ']' && c != '}' ) {
+        } else if( !isspace( c ) && c != ',' && c != ']' && c != '}' ) {
           throw std::runtime_error(std::string("JSON ERROR: Number: Expected a number for exponent, found '") + c + "'");
         }
-        else
+        else {
           break;
+}
       }
       exp = chaiscript::parse_num<long>( exp_str );
     }
@@ -529,12 +613,12 @@ struct JSONParser {
     --offset;
 
     if( isDouble ) {
-      return JSON(chaiscript::parse_num<double>( val ) * std::pow( 10, exp ));
+      return JSON((isNegative?-1:1) * chaiscript::parse_num<double>( val ) * std::pow( 10, exp ));
     } else {
       if( !exp_str.empty() ) {
-        return JSON(static_cast<double>(chaiscript::parse_num<long>( val )) * std::pow( 10, exp ));
+        return JSON((isNegative?-1:1) * static_cast<double>(chaiscript::parse_num<long>( val )) * std::pow( 10, exp ));
       } else {
-        return JSON(chaiscript::parse_num<long>( val ));
+        return JSON((isNegative?-1:1) * chaiscript::parse_num<long>( val ));
       }
     }
   }
@@ -570,8 +654,9 @@ struct JSONParser {
       case 't' :
       case 'f' : return parse_bool( str, offset );
       case 'n' : return parse_null( str, offset );
-      default  : if( ( value <= '9' && value >= '0' ) || value == '-' )
+      default  : if( ( value <= '9' && value >= '0' ) || value == '-' ) {
                    return parse_number( str, offset );
+                 }
     }
     throw std::runtime_error(std::string("JSON ERROR: Parse: Unexpected starting character '") + value + "'");
   }

include/chaiscript/utility/static_string.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// This file is distributed under the BSD License.
+// See "license.txt" for details.
+// Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// http://www.chaiscript.com
+
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_UTILITY_STATIC_STRING_HPP_
+#define CHAISCRIPT_UTILITY_STATIC_STRING_HPP_
+
+namespace chaiscript
+{
+  namespace utility
+  {
+
+    struct Static_String
+    {
+      template<size_t N>
+        constexpr Static_String(const char (&str)[N])
+        : m_size(N-1), data(&str[0])
+        {
+        }
+
+      constexpr size_t size() const {
+        return m_size;
+      }
+
+      constexpr const char *c_str() const {
+        return data;
+      }
+
+      const size_t m_size;
+      const char *data = nullptr;
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#endif

include/chaiscript/utility/utility.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_UTILITY_UTILITY_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_UTILITY_UTILITY_HPP_
 
@@ -89,6 +93,29 @@ namespace chaiscript
           t_module.add_global_const(chaiscript::const_var(Enum(constant.first)), constant.second);
         }
       }
+
+    template<typename EnumClass, typename ModuleType>
+      typename std::enable_if<std::is_enum<EnumClass>::value, void>::type
+      add_class(ModuleType &t_module,
+        const std::string &t_class_name,
+        const std::vector<std::pair<EnumClass, std::string>> &t_constants
+        )
+      {
+        t_module.add(chaiscript::user_type<EnumClass>(), t_class_name);
+
+        t_module.add(chaiscript::constructor<EnumClass()>(), t_class_name);
+        t_module.add(chaiscript::constructor<EnumClass(const EnumClass &)>(), t_class_name);
+
+        using namespace chaiscript::bootstrap::operators;
+        equal<EnumClass>(t_module);
+        not_equal<EnumClass>(t_module);
+        assign<EnumClass>(t_module);
+
+        for (const auto &constant : t_constants)
+        {
+          t_module.add_global_const(chaiscript::const_var(EnumClass(constant.first)), constant.second);
+        }
+      }
   }
 }
 

readme.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ ChaiScript
 http://www.chaiscript.com
 
 (c) 2009-2012 Jonathan Turner
-(c) 2009-2016 Jason Turner
+(c) 2009-2017 Jason Turner
 
 Release under the BSD license, see "license.txt" for details.
 
@@ -43,10 +43,9 @@ languages:
 Requirements
 ============
 
-ChaiScript requires a C++11 compiler to build with support for variadic 
-templates.  It has been tested with gcc 4.6 and clang 3.1 (with libcxx). MacOS 
-10.8 (Mountain Lion) is also known to support the C++11 build with Apple's 
-clang 4.0. MSVC 2013 or newer is supports also. For more information see the build 
+ChaiScript requires a C++14 compiler to build with support for variadic 
+templates.  It has been tested with gcc 4.9 and clang 3.6 (with libcxx). 
+For more information see the build 
 [dashboard](http://chaiscript.com/ChaiScript-BuildResults/index.html).
 
 Usage
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ directory, and for more in-depth look at the language, the unit tests in the
 "unittests" directory cover the most ground.
 
 For examples of how to register parts of your C++ application, see 
-"example.cpp" in the "src" directory. Example.cpp is verbose and shows every 
+"example.cpp" in the "samples" directory. Example.cpp is verbose and shows every 
 possible way of working with the library. For further documentation generate 
 the doxygen documentation in the build folder or see the website 
 http://www.chaiscript.com.
@@ -88,44 +87,21 @@ http://www.chaiscript.com.
 
 The shortest complete example possible follows:
 
-    /// main.cpp
+```C++
+/// main.cpp
 
-    #include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
 
-    double function(int i, double j)
-    {
-      return i * j;
-    }
-
-    int main()
-    {
-      chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
-      chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&function), "function");
-
-      double d = chai.eval<double>("function(3, 4.75);");
-    }
-
-
-
-Or, if you want to compile the std lib into your code, which reduces
-runtime requirements.
-
-    /// main.cpp
-
-    #include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
-    #include <chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp>
-
-    double function(int i, double j)
-    {
-      return i * j;
-    }
-
-    int main()
-    {
-      chaiscript::ChaiScript chai(chaiscript::Std_Lib::library());
-      chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&function), "function");
-
-      double d = chai.eval<double>("function(3, 4.75);");
-    }
+double function(int i, double j)
+{
+  return i * j;
+}
 
+int main()
+{
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&function), "function");
 
+  double d = chai.eval<double>("function(3, 4.75);");
+}
+```

releasenotes.md

@@ -1,6 +1,67 @@
 Notes:
 =======
-Current Version: 5.8.2
+Current Version: 6.0.0
+
+### Changes since 5.8.6
+
+*6.0.0 is a massive rework compared to 5.x. It now requires a C++14 enabled compiler*
+
+#### Compiler Requirements
+
+* MSVC 2015 or greater
+* g++ 4.9 or greater
+* clang 3.6 or greater
+
+#### Breaking Changes
+
+* Instantiating a ChaiScript object now, by default, builds the stdlib in
+  * This was done to address the most common support issues of loading stdlib dynamically at runtime
+  * If you want the old behavior, use include/chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp
+* Headers have been reorganized to fully separate stdlib/parser/engine from each other (some faster builds)
+* Bootstrap functions no longer return a reference to the module added to (compile time savings)
+* It's now no longer possible modify AST_Nodes (compile time, runtime efficiency)
+* Function annotations no longer exist (simplifies code, reduces compile time, compile size)
+
+#### New Features Added
+
+* Modular optimization system; this can be accessed via the ChaiScript_Basic interface
+* Execution tracing capability; also accessed via ChaiScript_Basic interface
+* range-based for loops `for( id : container ) { }` (much better performance than other loop types)
+* If-init expressions (ala C++17)
+* Support for passing r-value references to functions
+* Support for containing unique_ptr
+* Add helpers for exposing enum classes to ChaiScript
+* Allow typed ChaiScript defined functions to perform conversions on call #303
+
+#### Improvements
+
+* Compile time improvements
+* Compile size improvements
+* Significant runtime improvements (see "Modular optimization system")
+* Significant parser improvements, both with parse-time and parser initialization time (Thanks @niXman)
+* Fix type conversion to bool in conditionals
+
+#### Improvements Still Need To Be Made
+
+* File location tracking has been rewritten; this currently means error location reporting is not as good as it was
+* Tracing capability needs to be tested and vetted
+
+### Changes since 5.8.5
+* Optimize away `return` statements in lambdas also
+* Allow conversions to bool in conditionals
+* Don't allow `class` statements inside of scopes
+* Properly error when a dynamic object non-function member is called
+
+### Changes since 5.8.4
+* Fix order of operations for prefix operators
+* Make sure atomics are initialized properly
+* Remove parsing of unused prefix `&` operator
+
+### Changes since 5.8.3
+* Fix case with some numeric conversions mixed with numerics that do not need conversion
+
+### Changes since 5.8.2
+* Add support for reference of pointer return types
 
 ### Changes since 5.8.1
 * Allow casting to non-const & std::shared_ptr<T>

samples/example.cpp

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ int main(int /*argc*/, char * /*argv*/[]) {
 
   //Create a new system object and share it with the chaiscript engine
   System system;
-  chai.add(var(&system), "system");
+  chai.add_global(var(&system), "system");
 
   //Add a bound callback method
   chai.add(fun(&System::add_callback, std::ref(system)), "add_callback_bound");
@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@ int main(int /*argc*/, char * /*argv*/[]) {
   // A shortcut to using eval is just to use the chai operator()
   chai("log(\"Test Module\", \"Test Message\");");
 
-  //Finally, it is possible to register any std::function as a system function, in this 
+  //Finally, it is possible to register a lambda as a system function, in this 
   //way, we can, for instance add a bound member function to the system
-  chai.add(fun(&System::do_callbacks, std::ref(system), std::string("Bound Test")), "do_callbacks");
+  chai.add(fun([&system](){ return system.do_callbacks("Bound Test"); }), "do_callbacks");
 
   //Call bound version of do_callbacks
   chai("do_callbacks()");

samples/factory.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp>
 
 class Entity
 {
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ class Factory
 
 int main()
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai(chaiscript::Std_Lib::library());
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
 
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Entity::width), "width");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Entity::height), "height");

samples/fun_call_performance.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #include <iostream>
 #include <list>
 #include <regex>
@@ -13,7 +17,6 @@
 #endif
 
 #include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp>
 
 #ifdef READLINE_AVAILABLE
 #include <readline/readline.h>
@@ -65,6 +68,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> default_search_paths()
 {
   std::vector<std::string> paths;
 
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_NO_DYNLOAD
 #ifdef CHAISCRIPT_WINDOWS  // force no unicode
   CHAR path[4096];
   int size = GetModuleFileNameA(0, path, sizeof(path) - 1);
@@ -134,6 +138,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> default_search_paths()
     paths.push_back(exepath.substr(0, secondtolastslash) + "/lib/chaiscript/");
   }
 #endif
+#endif // ifndef CHAISCRIPT_NO_DYNLOAD
 
   return paths;
 }
@@ -291,7 +296,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   }
 
   //chaiscript::ChaiScript chai(modulepaths, usepaths);
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai(chaiscript::Std_Lib::library(), usepaths);
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai(usepaths);
 
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&myexit), "exit");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&myexit), "quit");

samples/inheritance.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp>
 
 class BaseClass
 {
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ class ChaiScriptDerived : public BaseClass
 
 int main()
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai(chaiscript::Std_Lib::library());
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&BaseClass::doSomething), "doSomething");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&BaseClass::setValue), "setValue");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&BaseClass::getValue), "getValue");

samples/memory_leak_test.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include <iostream>
 
 #include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp>
 
 #ifdef READLINE_AVAILABLE
 #include <readline/readline.h>
@@ -32,16 +31,9 @@ void function(void)
 class test
 {
   chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript::State backupState;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript::State backupState = chai.get_state();
 
   public:
-  test()
-    : chai(chaiscript::Std_Lib::library())
-  {
-    backupState = chai.get_state();
-  }
-  ~test(){}
-
   void ResetState()
   {
     chai.set_state(backupState);

samples/test_num_exceptions.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 #include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp>
 #include <chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap_stl.hpp>
 #include <chaiscript/dispatchkit/function_call.hpp>
 
 int main( int /*argc*/ , char * /*argv*/[] )
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript ch( chaiscript::Std_Lib::library( ) );
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript ch;
 
 
   try

src/main.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
 #include <iostream>
 #include <list>
 #include <regex>
@@ -12,7 +16,10 @@
 #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
 #endif
 
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp>
+#include "../static_libs/chaiscript_parser.hpp"
+#include "../static_libs/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp"
+
 
 #ifdef READLINE_AVAILABLE
 #include <readline/readline.h>
@@ -22,7 +29,7 @@
 char *mystrdup (const char *s) {
   size_t len = strlen(s); // Space for length plus nul
   char *d = static_cast<char*>(malloc (len+1));
-  if (d == nullptr) return nullptr;          // No memory
+  if (d == nullptr) { return nullptr; }         // No memory
 #ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
   strcpy_s(d, len+1, s);                        // Copy the characters
 #else
@@ -41,7 +48,7 @@ char* readline(const char* p)
 }
 
 
-void add_history(const char*){}
+void add_history(const char* /*unused*/){}
 void using_history(){}
 #endif
 
@@ -64,6 +71,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> default_search_paths()
 {
   std::vector<std::string> paths;
 
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_NO_DYNLOAD
 #ifdef CHAISCRIPT_WINDOWS  // force no unicode
   CHAR path[4096];
   int size = GetModuleFileNameA(nullptr, path, sizeof(path)-1);
@@ -113,7 +121,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> default_search_paths()
   {
     Dl_info rInfo;
     memset( &rInfo, 0, sizeof(rInfo) ); 
-    if ( !dladdr(cast_module_symbol(&default_search_paths), &rInfo)  || !rInfo.dli_fname ) { 
+    if ( dladdr(cast_module_symbol(&default_search_paths), &rInfo) == 0 || rInfo.dli_fname == nullptr ) { 
       return paths;
     }
 
@@ -125,7 +133,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> default_search_paths()
   size_t secondtolastslash = exepath.rfind('/', lastslash - 1);
   if (lastslash != std::string::npos)
   {
-    paths.push_back(exepath.substr(0, lastslash));
+    paths.push_back(exepath.substr(0, lastslash+1));
   }
 
   if (secondtolastslash != std::string::npos)
@@ -133,6 +141,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> default_search_paths()
     paths.push_back(exepath.substr(0, secondtolastslash) + "/lib/chaiscript/");
   }
 #endif
+#endif // ifndef CHAISCRIPT_NO_DYNLOAD
 
   return paths;
 }
@@ -181,7 +190,7 @@ std::string get_next_command() {
   std::string retval("quit");
   if ( ! std::cin.eof() ) {
     char *input_raw = readline("eval> ");
-    if ( input_raw ) {
+    if ( input_raw != nullptr ) {
       add_history(input_raw);
 
       std::string val(input_raw);
@@ -217,7 +226,7 @@ void myexit(int return_val) {
   exit(return_val);
 }
 
-void interactive(chaiscript::ChaiScript& chai)
+void interactive(chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic& chai)
 {
   using_history();
 
@@ -237,7 +246,7 @@ void interactive(chaiscript::ChaiScript& chai)
     }
     catch (const chaiscript::exception::eval_error &ee) {
       std::cout << ee.what();
-      if (ee.call_stack.size() > 0) {
+      if ( !ee.call_stack.empty() ) {
         std::cout << "during evaluation at (" << ee.call_stack[0]->start().line << ", " << ee.call_stack[0]->start().column << ")";
       }
       std::cout << '\n';
@@ -274,7 +283,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
   std::vector<std::string> usepaths;
   usepaths.push_back("");
-  if (usepath)
+  if (usepath != nullptr)
   {
     usepaths.push_back(usepath);
   }
@@ -283,12 +292,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   std::vector<std::string> searchpaths = default_search_paths();
   modulepaths.insert(modulepaths.end(), searchpaths.begin(), searchpaths.end());
   modulepaths.push_back("");
-  if (modulepath)
+  if (modulepath != nullptr)
   {
     modulepaths.push_back(modulepath);
   }
 
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai(modulepaths,usepaths);
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser(),modulepaths,usepaths);
 
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&myexit), "exit");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&myexit), "quit");
@@ -305,7 +314,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
       ++i;
     }
 
-    std::string arg( i ? argv[i] : "--interactive" );
+    std::string arg( i != 0 ? argv[i] : "--interactive" );
 
     enum { eInteractive
          , eCommand
@@ -316,9 +325,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
       if ( (i+1) >= argc ) {
         std::cout << "insufficient input following " << arg << '\n';
         return EXIT_FAILURE;
-      } else {
+      } 
         arg = argv[++i];
-      }
+      
     } else if ( arg == "-" || arg == "--stdin" ) {
       arg = "" ;
       std::string line;

src/stl_extra.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 // This file is distributed under the BSD License.
 // See "license.txt" for details.
 // Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
-// Copyright 2009-2016, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2017, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
 // http://www.chaiscript.com
 
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+// This is an open source non-commercial project. Dear PVS-Studio, please check it.
+// PVS-Studio Static Code Analyzer for C, C++ and C#: http://www.viva64.com
+
+
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp>
 #include <chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap_stl.hpp>
 #include <list>
 #include <string>

src/test_module.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp>
 #include <chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap.hpp>
 #include <string>
 

static_libs/chaiscript_parser.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "../include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_parser.hpp"
+#include "chaiscript_parser.hpp"
+
+std::unique_ptr<chaiscript::parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base> create_chaiscript_parser()
+{
+  return std::make_unique<chaiscript::parser::ChaiScript_Parser<chaiscript::eval::Noop_Tracer, chaiscript::optimizer::Optimizer_Default>>();
+}
+

static_libs/chaiscript_parser.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_PARSER_LIB
+#define CHAISCRIPT_PARSER_LIB
+
+namespace chaiscript {
+  namespace parser {
+    class ChaiScript_Parser_Base;
+  }
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<chaiscript::parser::ChaiScript_Parser_Base> create_chaiscript_parser();
+
+#endif

static_libs/chaiscript_stdlib.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "../include/chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp"
+#include "chaiscript_stdlib.hpp"
+
+std::shared_ptr<chaiscript::Module> create_chaiscript_stdlib()
+{
+  return chaiscript::Std_Lib::library();
+}
+

static_libs/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_STDLIB
+#define CHAISCRIPT_STDLIB
+
+namespace chaiscript {
+  class Module;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<chaiscript::Module> create_chaiscript_stdlib();
+
+#endif

unittests/3.x/eval_error.chai

@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ def while_doing()
 
 var f = fun() { while_doing(); }
 
-assert_equal(get_eval_error(f).call_stack.size(), 16)
+assert_true(get_eval_error(f).call_stack.size() <= 16)

unittests/c_linkage_test.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp>
+#include "../static_libs/chaiscript_parser.hpp"
+#include "../static_libs/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp"
 
 
 extern "C"
@@ -11,8 +13,7 @@ extern "C"
 
 int main()
 {
-
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&do_something), "do_something");
 
   return chai.eval<int>("do_something(101)") == 101 % 2?EXIT_SUCCESS:EXIT_FAILURE;

unittests/catch.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
- *  Catch v1.3.5
- *  Generated: 2016-02-29 08:16:42.342094
+ *  Catch v1.5.7
+ *  Generated: 2016-09-27 10:45:46.824849
  *  ----------------------------------------------------------
  *  This file has been merged from multiple headers. Please don't edit it directly
  *  Copyright (c) 2012 Two Blue Cubes Ltd. All rights reserved.
@@ -62,7 +62,11 @@
 
 #define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE2( name, line ) name##line
 #define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE( name, line ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE2( name, line )
-#define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( name ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE( name, __LINE__ )
+#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER
+#  define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( name ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE( name, __COUNTER__ )
+#else
+#  define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( name ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE( name, __LINE__ )
+#endif
 
 #define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIFY2( expr ) #expr
 #define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIFY( expr ) INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIFY2( expr )
@@ -89,7 +93,7 @@
 // CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_OR_GREATER : Is C++11 supported?
 
 // CATCH_CONFIG_VARIADIC_MACROS : are variadic macros supported?
-
+// CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER : is the __COUNTER__ macro supported?
 // ****************
 // Note to maintainers: if new toggles are added please document them
 // in configuration.md, too
@@ -102,8 +106,16 @@
 
 // All the C++11 features can be disabled with CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP11
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201103L
-#  define CATCH_CPP11_OR_GREATER
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+
+#  if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+#    define CATCH_CPP11_OR_GREATER
+#  endif
+
+#  if __cplusplus >= 201402L
+#    define CATCH_CPP14_OR_GREATER
+#  endif
+
 #endif
 
 #ifdef __clang__
@@ -185,6 +197,15 @@
 
 #endif
 
+// Use __COUNTER__ if the compiler supports it
+#if ( defined _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1300 ) || \
+    ( defined __GNUC__  && __GNUC__ >= 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 3 ) || \
+    ( defined __clang__ && __clang_major__ >= 3 )
+
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_COUNTER
+
+#endif
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // C++ language feature support
 
@@ -256,6 +277,9 @@
 #if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP11_UNIQUE_PTR) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_UNIQUE_PTR) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_UNIQUE_PTR) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP11)
 #   define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_UNIQUE_PTR
 #endif
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_COUNTER) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_COUNTER) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER)
+#   define CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER
+#endif
 
 #if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS)
 #   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS
@@ -686,24 +710,28 @@ void registerTestCaseFunction
 
 #ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_VARIADIC_MACROS
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( TestName, ... ) \
+        static void TestName(); \
+        namespace{ Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( &TestName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::NameAndDesc( __VA_ARGS__ ) ); }\
+        static void TestName()
     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE( ... ) \
-        static void INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ )(); \
-        namespace{ Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( &INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(  ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::NameAndDesc( __VA_ARGS__ ) ); }\
-        static void INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(  ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ )()
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ), __VA_ARGS__ )
 
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( QualifiedMethod, ... ) \
         namespace{ Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( &QualifiedMethod, "&" #QualifiedMethod, Catch::NameAndDesc( __VA_ARGS__ ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ); }
 
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, ... )\
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD2( TestName, ClassName, ... )\
         namespace{ \
-            struct INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ) : ClassName{ \
+            struct TestName : ClassName{ \
                 void test(); \
             }; \
-            Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar ) ( &INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ )::test, #ClassName, Catch::NameAndDesc( __VA_ARGS__ ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ); \
+            Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar ) ( &TestName::test, #ClassName, Catch::NameAndDesc( __VA_ARGS__ ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ); \
         } \
-        void INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ )::test()
+        void TestName::test()
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, ... ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ), ClassName, __VA_ARGS__ )
 
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_TESTCASE( Function, ... ) \
@@ -711,24 +739,28 @@ void registerTestCaseFunction
 
 #else
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( TestName, Name, Desc ) \
+        static void TestName(); \
+        namespace{ Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( &TestName, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::NameAndDesc( Name, Desc ) ); }\
+        static void TestName()
     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE( Name, Desc ) \
-        static void INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ )(); \
-        namespace{ Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( &INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(  ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::NameAndDesc( Name, Desc ) ); }\
-        static void INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(  ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ )()
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ), Name, Desc )
 
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( QualifiedMethod, Name, Desc ) \
         namespace{ Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( &QualifiedMethod, "&" #QualifiedMethod, Catch::NameAndDesc( Name, Desc ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ); }
 
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, TestName, Desc )\
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD2( TestCaseName, ClassName, TestName, Desc )\
         namespace{ \
-            struct INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ) : ClassName{ \
+            struct TestCaseName : ClassName{ \
                 void test(); \
             }; \
-            Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar ) ( &INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ )::test, #ClassName, Catch::NameAndDesc( TestName, Desc ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ); \
+            Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar ) ( &TestCaseName::test, #ClassName, Catch::NameAndDesc( TestName, Desc ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ); \
         } \
-        void INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ )::test()
+        void TestCaseName::test()
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, TestName, Desc )\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____ ), ClassName, TestName, Desc )
 
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     #define INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_TESTCASE( Function, Name, Desc ) \
@@ -2041,7 +2073,7 @@ namespace Catch {
             __catchResult.useActiveException( Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal ); \
         } \
         INTERNAL_CATCH_REACT( __catchResult ) \
-    } while( Catch::isTrue( false && static_cast<bool>(expr) ) ) // expr here is never evaluated at runtime but it forces the compiler to give it a look
+    } while( Catch::isTrue( false && !!(expr) ) ) // expr here is never evaluated at runtime but it forces the compiler to give it a look
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 #define INTERNAL_CATCH_IF( expr, resultDisposition, macroName ) \
@@ -2578,10 +2610,12 @@ namespace Catch {
 }
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION( signature ) \
-    static std::string INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionTranslator )( signature ); \
-    namespace{ Catch::ExceptionTranslatorRegistrar INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionRegistrar )( &INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionTranslator ) ); }\
-    static std::string INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(  catch_internal_ExceptionTranslator )( signature )
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION2( translatorName, signature ) \
+    static std::string translatorName( signature ); \
+    namespace{ Catch::ExceptionTranslatorRegistrar INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionRegistrar )( &translatorName ); }\
+    static std::string translatorName( signature )
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION( signature ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionTranslator ), signature )
 
 // #included from: internal/catch_approx.hpp
 #define TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_APPROX_HPP_INCLUDED
@@ -3189,10 +3223,11 @@ namespace Catch {
 
             bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const {
                 // All patterns in a filter must match for the filter to be a match
-                for( std::vector<Ptr<Pattern> >::const_iterator it = m_patterns.begin(), itEnd = m_patterns.end(); it != itEnd; ++it )
+                for( std::vector<Ptr<Pattern> >::const_iterator it = m_patterns.begin(), itEnd = m_patterns.end(); it != itEnd; ++it ) {
                     if( !(*it)->matches( testCase ) )
                         return false;
-                    return true;
+                }
+                return true;
             }
         };
 
@@ -3424,7 +3459,7 @@ namespace Catch {
     };
 
     class DebugOutStream : public IStream {
-        std::auto_ptr<StreamBufBase> m_streamBuf;
+        CATCH_AUTO_PTR( StreamBufBase ) m_streamBuf;
         mutable std::ostream m_os;
     public:
         DebugOutStream();
@@ -3572,7 +3607,7 @@ namespace Catch {
         }
         ConfigData m_data;
 
-        std::auto_ptr<IStream const> m_stream;
+        CATCH_AUTO_PTR( IStream const ) m_stream;
         TestSpec m_testSpec;
     };
 
@@ -3592,7 +3627,7 @@ namespace Catch {
 #define STITCH_CLARA_OPEN_NAMESPACE namespace Catch {
 // #included from: ../external/clara.h
 
-// Version 0.0.1.1
+// Version 0.0.2.4
 
 // Only use header guard if we are not using an outer namespace
 #if !defined(TWOBLUECUBES_CLARA_H_INCLUDED) || defined(STITCH_CLARA_OPEN_NAMESPACE)
@@ -3908,6 +3943,10 @@ namespace Tbc {
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <memory>
 
+#if defined(WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define CLARA_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif
+
 // Use optional outer namespace
 #ifdef STITCH_CLARA_OPEN_NAMESPACE
 STITCH_CLARA_OPEN_NAMESPACE
@@ -3931,9 +3970,6 @@ namespace Clara {
     const unsigned int consoleWidth = 80;
 #endif
 
-        // Use this to try and stop compiler from warning about unreachable code
-        inline bool isTrue( bool value ) { return value; }
-
         using namespace Tbc;
 
         inline bool startsWith( std::string const& str, std::string const& prefix ) {
@@ -3969,14 +4005,6 @@ namespace Clara {
             else
                 throw std::runtime_error( "Expected a boolean value but did not recognise:\n  '" + _source + "'" );
         }
-        inline void convertInto( bool _source, bool& _dest ) {
-            _dest = _source;
-        }
-        template<typename T>
-        inline void convertInto( bool, T& ) {
-            if( isTrue( true ) )
-                throw std::runtime_error( "Invalid conversion" );
-        }
 
         template<typename ConfigT>
         struct IArgFunction {
@@ -3986,7 +4014,6 @@ namespace Clara {
             IArgFunction( IArgFunction const& ) = default;
 #endif
             virtual void set( ConfigT& config, std::string const& value ) const = 0;
-            virtual void setFlag( ConfigT& config ) const = 0;
             virtual bool takesArg() const = 0;
             virtual IArgFunction* clone() const = 0;
         };
@@ -4008,9 +4035,6 @@ namespace Clara {
             void set( ConfigT& config, std::string const& value ) const {
                 functionObj->set( config, value );
             }
-            void setFlag( ConfigT& config ) const {
-                functionObj->setFlag( config );
-            }
             bool takesArg() const { return functionObj->takesArg(); }
 
             bool isSet() const {
@@ -4023,7 +4047,6 @@ namespace Clara {
         template<typename C>
         struct NullBinder : IArgFunction<C>{
             virtual void set( C&, std::string const& ) const {}
-            virtual void setFlag( C& ) const {}
             virtual bool takesArg() const { return true; }
             virtual IArgFunction<C>* clone() const { return new NullBinder( *this ); }
         };
@@ -4034,9 +4057,6 @@ namespace Clara {
             virtual void set( C& p, std::string const& stringValue ) const {
                 convertInto( stringValue, p.*member );
             }
-            virtual void setFlag( C& p ) const {
-                convertInto( true, p.*member );
-            }
             virtual bool takesArg() const { return !IsBool<M>::value; }
             virtual IArgFunction<C>* clone() const { return new BoundDataMember( *this ); }
             M C::* member;
@@ -4049,11 +4069,6 @@ namespace Clara {
                 convertInto( stringValue, value );
                 (p.*member)( value );
             }
-            virtual void setFlag( C& p ) const {
-                typename RemoveConstRef<M>::type value;
-                convertInto( true, value );
-                (p.*member)( value );
-            }
             virtual bool takesArg() const { return !IsBool<M>::value; }
             virtual IArgFunction<C>* clone() const { return new BoundUnaryMethod( *this ); }
             void (C::*member)( M );
@@ -4067,9 +4082,6 @@ namespace Clara {
                 if( value )
                     (p.*member)();
             }
-            virtual void setFlag( C& p ) const {
-                (p.*member)();
-            }
             virtual bool takesArg() const { return false; }
             virtual IArgFunction<C>* clone() const { return new BoundNullaryMethod( *this ); }
             void (C::*member)();
@@ -4084,9 +4096,6 @@ namespace Clara {
                 if( value )
                     function( obj );
             }
-            virtual void setFlag( C& p ) const {
-                function( p );
-            }
             virtual bool takesArg() const { return false; }
             virtual IArgFunction<C>* clone() const { return new BoundUnaryFunction( *this ); }
             void (*function)( C& );
@@ -4100,11 +4109,6 @@ namespace Clara {
                 convertInto( stringValue, value );
                 function( obj, value );
             }
-            virtual void setFlag( C& obj ) const {
-                typename RemoveConstRef<T>::type value;
-                convertInto( true, value );
-                function( obj, value );
-            }
             virtual bool takesArg() const { return !IsBool<T>::value; }
             virtual IArgFunction<C>* clone() const { return new BoundBinaryFunction( *this ); }
             void (*function)( C&, T );
@@ -4112,8 +4116,20 @@ namespace Clara {
 
     } // namespace Detail
 
-    struct Parser {
-        Parser() : separators( " \t=:" ) {}
+    inline std::vector<std::string> argsToVector( int argc, char const* const* const argv ) {
+        std::vector<std::string> args( static_cast<std::size_t>( argc ) );
+        for( std::size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<std::size_t>( argc ); ++i )
+            args[i] = argv[i];
+
+        return args;
+    }
+
+    class Parser {
+        enum Mode { None, MaybeShortOpt, SlashOpt, ShortOpt, LongOpt, Positional };
+        Mode mode;
+        std::size_t from;
+        bool inQuotes;
+    public:
 
         struct Token {
             enum Type { Positional, ShortOpt, LongOpt };
@@ -4122,38 +4138,75 @@ namespace Clara {
             std::string data;
         };
 
-        void parseIntoTokens( int argc, char const* const argv[], std::vector<Parser::Token>& tokens ) const {
+        Parser() : mode( None ), from( 0 ), inQuotes( false ){}
+
+        void parseIntoTokens( std::vector<std::string> const& args, std::vector<Token>& tokens ) {
             const std::string doubleDash = "--";
-            for( int i = 1; i < argc && argv[i] != doubleDash; ++i )
-                parseIntoTokens( argv[i] , tokens);
+            for( std::size_t i = 1; i < args.size() && args[i] != doubleDash; ++i )
+                parseIntoTokens( args[i], tokens);
         }
-        void parseIntoTokens( std::string arg, std::vector<Parser::Token>& tokens ) const {
-            while( !arg.empty() ) {
-                Parser::Token token( Parser::Token::Positional, arg );
-                arg = "";
-                if( token.data[0] == '-' ) {
-                    if( token.data.size() > 1 && token.data[1] == '-' ) {
-                        token = Parser::Token( Parser::Token::LongOpt, token.data.substr( 2 ) );
-                    }
-                    else {
-                        token = Parser::Token( Parser::Token::ShortOpt, token.data.substr( 1 ) );
-                        if( token.data.size() > 1 && separators.find( token.data[1] ) == std::string::npos ) {
-                            arg = "-" + token.data.substr( 1 );
-                            token.data = token.data.substr( 0, 1 );
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                if( token.type != Parser::Token::Positional ) {
-                    std::size_t pos = token.data.find_first_of( separators );
-                    if( pos != std::string::npos ) {
-                        arg = token.data.substr( pos+1 );
-                        token.data = token.data.substr( 0, pos );
-                    }
-                }
-                tokens.push_back( token );
+
+        void parseIntoTokens( std::string const& arg, std::vector<Token>& tokens ) {
+            for( std::size_t i = 0; i <= arg.size(); ++i ) {
+                char c = arg[i];
+                if( c == '"' )
+                    inQuotes = !inQuotes;
+                mode = handleMode( i, c, arg, tokens );
             }
         }
-        std::string separators;
+        Mode handleMode( std::size_t i, char c, std::string const& arg, std::vector<Token>& tokens ) {
+            switch( mode ) {
+                case None: return handleNone( i, c );
+                case MaybeShortOpt: return handleMaybeShortOpt( i, c );
+                case ShortOpt:
+                case LongOpt:
+                case SlashOpt: return handleOpt( i, c, arg, tokens );
+                case Positional: return handlePositional( i, c, arg, tokens );
+                default: throw std::logic_error( "Unknown mode" );
+            }
+        }
+
+        Mode handleNone( std::size_t i, char c ) {
+            if( inQuotes ) {
+                from = i;
+                return Positional;
+            }
+            switch( c ) {
+                case '-': return MaybeShortOpt;
+#ifdef CLARA_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+                case '/': from = i+1; return SlashOpt;
+#endif
+                default: from = i; return Positional;
+            }
+        }
+        Mode handleMaybeShortOpt( std::size_t i, char c ) {
+            switch( c ) {
+                case '-': from = i+1; return LongOpt;
+                default: from = i; return ShortOpt;
+            }
+        }
+        Mode handleOpt( std::size_t i, char c, std::string const& arg, std::vector<Token>& tokens ) {
+            if( std::string( ":=\0", 3 ).find( c ) == std::string::npos )
+                return mode;
+
+            std::string optName = arg.substr( from, i-from );
+            if( mode == ShortOpt )
+                for( std::size_t j = 0; j < optName.size(); ++j )
+                    tokens.push_back( Token( Token::ShortOpt, optName.substr( j, 1 ) ) );
+            else if( mode == SlashOpt && optName.size() == 1 )
+                tokens.push_back( Token( Token::ShortOpt, optName ) );
+            else
+                tokens.push_back( Token( Token::LongOpt, optName ) );
+            return None;
+        }
+        Mode handlePositional( std::size_t i, char c, std::string const& arg, std::vector<Token>& tokens ) {
+            if( inQuotes || std::string( "\0", 1 ).find( c ) == std::string::npos )
+                return mode;
+
+            std::string data = arg.substr( from, i-from );
+            tokens.push_back( Token( Token::Positional, data ) );
+            return None;
+        }
     };
 
     template<typename ConfigT>
@@ -4456,21 +4509,21 @@ namespace Clara {
             return oss.str();
         }
 
-        ConfigT parse( int argc, char const* const argv[] ) const {
+        ConfigT parse( std::vector<std::string> const& args ) const {
             ConfigT config;
-            parseInto( argc, argv, config );
+            parseInto( args, config );
             return config;
         }
 
-        std::vector<Parser::Token> parseInto( int argc, char const* argv[], ConfigT& config ) const {
-            std::string processName = argv[0];
+        std::vector<Parser::Token> parseInto( std::vector<std::string> const& args, ConfigT& config ) const {
+            std::string processName = args[0];
             std::size_t lastSlash = processName.find_last_of( "/\\" );
             if( lastSlash != std::string::npos )
                 processName = processName.substr( lastSlash+1 );
             m_boundProcessName.set( config, processName );
             std::vector<Parser::Token> tokens;
             Parser parser;
-            parser.parseIntoTokens( argc, argv, tokens );
+            parser.parseIntoTokens( args, tokens );
             return populate( tokens, config );
         }
 
@@ -4501,7 +4554,7 @@ namespace Clara {
                                     arg.boundField.set( config, tokens[++i].data );
                             }
                             else {
-                                arg.boundField.setFlag( config );
+                                arg.boundField.set( config, "true" );
                             }
                             break;
                         }
@@ -4667,8 +4720,11 @@ namespace Catch {
         std::string line;
         while( std::getline( f, line ) ) {
             line = trim(line);
-            if( !line.empty() && !startsWith( line, "#" ) )
-                addTestOrTags( config, "\"" + line + "\"," );
+            if( !line.empty() && !startsWith( line, "#" ) ) {
+                if( !startsWith( line, "\"" ) )
+                    line = "\"" + line + "\"";
+                addTestOrTags( config, line + "," );
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -5209,6 +5265,8 @@ namespace Catch
         bool aborting;
     };
 
+    class MultipleReporters;
+
     struct IStreamingReporter : IShared {
         virtual ~IStreamingReporter();
 
@@ -5236,6 +5294,8 @@ namespace Catch
         virtual void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) = 0;
 
         virtual void skipTest( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) = 0;
+
+        virtual MultipleReporters* tryAsMulti() { return CATCH_NULL; }
     };
 
     struct IReporterFactory : IShared {
@@ -5312,7 +5372,10 @@ namespace Catch {
                 ++it ) {
             matchedTests++;
             TestCaseInfo const& testCaseInfo = it->getTestCaseInfo();
-            Catch::cout() << testCaseInfo.name << std::endl;
+            if( startsWith( testCaseInfo.name, "#" ) )
+               Catch::cout() << "\"" << testCaseInfo.name << "\"" << std::endl;
+            else
+               Catch::cout() << testCaseInfo.name << std::endl;
         }
         return matchedTests;
     }
@@ -5453,6 +5516,10 @@ namespace TestCaseTracking {
         virtual void addChild( Ptr<ITracker> const& child ) = 0;
         virtual ITracker* findChild( std::string const& name ) = 0;
         virtual void openChild() = 0;
+
+        // Debug/ checking
+        virtual bool isSectionTracker() const = 0;
+        virtual bool isIndexTracker() const = 0;
     };
 
     class TrackerContext {
@@ -5577,6 +5644,10 @@ namespace TestCaseTracking {
                     m_parent->openChild();
             }
         }
+
+        virtual bool isSectionTracker() const CATCH_OVERRIDE { return false; }
+        virtual bool isIndexTracker() const CATCH_OVERRIDE { return false; }
+
         void open() {
             m_runState = Executing;
             moveToThis();
@@ -5640,13 +5711,16 @@ namespace TestCaseTracking {
         {}
         virtual ~SectionTracker();
 
+        virtual bool isSectionTracker() const CATCH_OVERRIDE { return true; }
+
         static SectionTracker& acquire( TrackerContext& ctx, std::string const& name ) {
             SectionTracker* section = CATCH_NULL;
 
             ITracker& currentTracker = ctx.currentTracker();
             if( ITracker* childTracker = currentTracker.findChild( name ) ) {
-                section = dynamic_cast<SectionTracker*>( childTracker );
-                assert( section );
+                assert( childTracker );
+                assert( childTracker->isSectionTracker() );
+                section = static_cast<SectionTracker*>( childTracker );
             }
             else {
                 section = new SectionTracker( name, ctx, &currentTracker );
@@ -5671,13 +5745,16 @@ namespace TestCaseTracking {
         {}
         virtual ~IndexTracker();
 
+        virtual bool isIndexTracker() const CATCH_OVERRIDE { return true; }
+
         static IndexTracker& acquire( TrackerContext& ctx, std::string const& name, int size ) {
             IndexTracker* tracker = CATCH_NULL;
 
             ITracker& currentTracker = ctx.currentTracker();
             if( ITracker* childTracker = currentTracker.findChild( name ) ) {
-                tracker = dynamic_cast<IndexTracker*>( childTracker );
-                assert( tracker );
+                assert( childTracker );
+                assert( childTracker->isIndexTracker() );
+                tracker = static_cast<IndexTracker*>( childTracker );
             }
             else {
                 tracker = new IndexTracker( name, ctx, &currentTracker, size );
@@ -5884,6 +5961,11 @@ namespace Catch {
             while( getCurrentContext().advanceGeneratorsForCurrentTest() && !aborting() );
 
             Totals deltaTotals = m_totals.delta( prevTotals );
+            if( testInfo.expectedToFail() && deltaTotals.testCases.passed > 0 ) {
+                deltaTotals.assertions.failed++;
+                deltaTotals.testCases.passed--;
+                deltaTotals.testCases.failed++;
+            }
             m_totals.testCases += deltaTotals.testCases;
             m_reporter->testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats(   testInfo,
                                                         deltaTotals,
@@ -6275,10 +6357,10 @@ namespace Catch {
             Catch::cout() << "For more detail usage please see the project docs\n" << std::endl;
         }
 
-        int applyCommandLine( int argc, char const* argv[], OnUnusedOptions::DoWhat unusedOptionBehaviour = OnUnusedOptions::Fail ) {
+        int applyCommandLine( int argc, char const* const* const argv, OnUnusedOptions::DoWhat unusedOptionBehaviour = OnUnusedOptions::Fail ) {
             try {
                 m_cli.setThrowOnUnrecognisedTokens( unusedOptionBehaviour == OnUnusedOptions::Fail );
-                m_unusedTokens = m_cli.parseInto( argc, argv, m_configData );
+                m_unusedTokens = m_cli.parseInto( Clara::argsToVector( argc, argv ), m_configData );
                 if( m_configData.showHelp )
                     showHelp( m_configData.processName );
                 m_config.reset();
@@ -6302,16 +6384,13 @@ namespace Catch {
             m_config.reset();
         }
 
-        int run( int argc, char const* argv[] ) {
+        int run( int argc, char const* const* const argv ) {
 
             int returnCode = applyCommandLine( argc, argv );
             if( returnCode == 0 )
                 returnCode = run();
             return returnCode;
         }
-        int run( int argc, char* argv[] ) {
-            return run( argc, const_cast<char const**>( argv ) );
-        }
 
         int run() {
             if( m_configData.showHelp )
@@ -6375,13 +6454,31 @@ namespace Catch {
 #include <iostream>
 #include <algorithm>
 
+#ifdef CATCH_CPP14_OR_GREATER
+#include <random>
+#endif
+
 namespace Catch {
 
-    struct LexSort {
-        bool operator() (TestCase i,TestCase j) const { return (i<j);}
-    };
     struct RandomNumberGenerator {
-        int operator()( int n ) const { return std::rand() % n; }
+        typedef int result_type;
+
+        result_type operator()( result_type n ) const { return std::rand() % n; }
+
+#ifdef CATCH_CPP14_OR_GREATER
+        static constexpr result_type min() { return 0; }
+        static constexpr result_type max() { return 1000000; }
+        result_type operator()() const { return std::rand() % max(); }
+#endif
+        template<typename V>
+        static void shuffle( V& vector ) {
+            RandomNumberGenerator rng;
+#ifdef CATCH_CPP14_OR_GREATER
+            std::shuffle( vector.begin(), vector.end(), rng );
+#else
+            std::random_shuffle( vector.begin(), vector.end(), rng );
+#endif
+        }
     };
 
     inline std::vector<TestCase> sortTests( IConfig const& config, std::vector<TestCase> const& unsortedTestCases ) {
@@ -6390,14 +6487,12 @@ namespace Catch {
 
         switch( config.runOrder() ) {
             case RunTests::InLexicographicalOrder:
-                std::sort( sorted.begin(), sorted.end(), LexSort() );
+                std::sort( sorted.begin(), sorted.end() );
                 break;
             case RunTests::InRandomOrder:
                 {
                     seedRng( config );
-
-                    RandomNumberGenerator rng;
-                    std::random_shuffle( sorted.begin(), sorted.end(), rng );
+                    RandomNumberGenerator::shuffle( sorted );
                 }
                 break;
             case RunTests::InDeclarationOrder:
@@ -6416,13 +6511,15 @@ namespace Catch {
             it != itEnd;
             ++it ) {
             std::pair<std::set<TestCase>::const_iterator, bool> prev = seenFunctions.insert( *it );
-            if( !prev.second ){
-                Catch::cerr()
-                << Colour( Colour::Red )
-                << "error: TEST_CASE( \"" << it->name << "\" ) already defined.\n"
-                << "\tFirst seen at " << prev.first->getTestCaseInfo().lineInfo << "\n"
-                << "\tRedefined at " << it->getTestCaseInfo().lineInfo << std::endl;
-                exit(1);
+            if( !prev.second ) {
+                std::ostringstream ss;
+
+                ss  << Colour( Colour::Red )
+                    << "error: TEST_CASE( \"" << it->name << "\" ) already defined.\n"
+                    << "\tFirst seen at " << prev.first->getTestCaseInfo().lineInfo << "\n"
+                    << "\tRedefined at " << it->getTestCaseInfo().lineInfo << std::endl;
+
+                throw std::runtime_error(ss.str());
             }
         }
     }
@@ -7481,7 +7578,7 @@ namespace Catch {
         return os;
     }
 
-    Version libraryVersion( 1, 3, 5, "", 0 );
+    Version libraryVersion( 1, 5, 7, "", 0 );
 
 }
 
@@ -8460,13 +8557,18 @@ public: // IStreamingReporter
                 ++it )
             (*it)->skipTest( testInfo );
     }
+
+    virtual MultipleReporters* tryAsMulti() CATCH_OVERRIDE {
+        return this;
+    }
+
 };
 
 Ptr<IStreamingReporter> addReporter( Ptr<IStreamingReporter> const& existingReporter, Ptr<IStreamingReporter> const& additionalReporter ) {
     Ptr<IStreamingReporter> resultingReporter;
 
     if( existingReporter ) {
-        MultipleReporters* multi = dynamic_cast<MultipleReporters*>( existingReporter.get() );
+        MultipleReporters* multi = existingReporter->tryAsMulti();
         if( !multi ) {
             multi = new MultipleReporters;
             resultingReporter = Ptr<IStreamingReporter>( multi );
@@ -8646,7 +8748,7 @@ namespace Catch {
 
         virtual void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) CATCH_OVERRIDE {}
 
-        virtual bool assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) {
+        virtual bool assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) CATCH_OVERRIDE {
             assert( !m_sectionStack.empty() );
             SectionNode& sectionNode = *m_sectionStack.back();
             sectionNode.assertions.push_back( assertionStats );
@@ -8856,9 +8958,10 @@ namespace Catch {
                         break;
 
                     default:
-                        // Escape control chars - based on contribution by @espenalb in PR #465
+                        // Escape control chars - based on contribution by @espenalb in PR #465 and
+                        // by @mrpi PR #588
                         if ( ( c < '\x09' ) || ( c > '\x0D' && c < '\x20') || c=='\x7F' )
-                            os << "&#x" << std::uppercase << std::hex << static_cast<int>( c );
+                            os << "&#x" << std::uppercase << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << static_cast<int>( c ) << ';';
                         else
                             os << c;
                 }
@@ -8913,13 +9016,20 @@ namespace Catch {
         :   m_tagIsOpen( false ),
             m_needsNewline( false ),
             m_os( &Catch::cout() )
-        {}
+        {
+            // We encode control characters, which requires
+            // XML 1.1
+            // see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/404107/why-are-control-characters-illegal-in-xml-1-0
+            *m_os << "<?xml version=\"1.1\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
+        }
 
         XmlWriter( std::ostream& os )
         :   m_tagIsOpen( false ),
             m_needsNewline( false ),
             m_os( &os )
-        {}
+        {
+            *m_os << "<?xml version=\"1.1\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
+        }
 
         ~XmlWriter() {
             while( !m_tags.empty() )
@@ -9086,7 +9196,7 @@ namespace Catch {
 
         virtual void testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) CATCH_OVERRIDE {
             StreamingReporterBase::testCaseStarting(testInfo);
-            m_xml.startElement( "TestCase" ).writeAttribute( "name", trim( testInfo.name ) );
+            m_xml.startElement( "TestCase" ).writeAttribute( "name", testInfo.name );
 
             if ( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
                 m_testCaseTimer.start();
@@ -9777,7 +9887,7 @@ namespace Catch {
             if( totals.testCases.total() == 0 ) {
                 stream << Colour( Colour::Warning ) << "No tests ran\n";
             }
-            else if( totals.assertions.total() > 0 && totals.assertions.allPassed() ) {
+            else if( totals.assertions.total() > 0 && totals.testCases.allPassed() ) {
                 stream << Colour( Colour::ResultSuccess ) << "All tests passed";
                 stream << " ("
                         << pluralise( totals.assertions.passed, "assertion" ) << " in "

unittests/class_inside_scope.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+
+try {
+  parse("{  class C {    var data;    def C() {}  } }")
+  assert_false(true)
+} catch  (e) {
+  assert_true(true)
+}

unittests/compiled_tests.cpp

@@ -16,9 +16,12 @@
 
 
 #include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp>
 #include <chaiscript/utility/utility.hpp>
 #include <chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap_stl.hpp>
 
+#include "../static_libs/chaiscript_parser.hpp"
+#include "../static_libs/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp"
 
 
 
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ TEST_CASE("C++11 Lambdas Can Be Registered")
 
   // We cannot deduce the type of a lambda expression, you must either wrap it
   // in an std::function or provide the signature
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun([]()->std::string { return "hello"; } ), "f1");
 
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ TEST_CASE("C++11 Lambdas Can Be Registered")
 // dynamic_object tests
 TEST_CASE("Dynamic_Object attributes can be shared with C++")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   chai("attr bob::z; def bob::bob() { this.z = 10 }; auto x = bob()");
 
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Dynamic_Object attributes can be shared with C++")
 TEST_CASE("Function objects can be created from chaiscript functions")
 {
 
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   chai.eval("def func() { print(\"Hello World\"); } ");
 
@@ -91,7 +94,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Function objects can be created from chaiscript functions")
 
 TEST_CASE("ChaiScript can be created and destroyed on heap")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript *chai = new chaiscript::ChaiScript();
+  auto *chai = new chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   delete chai;
 }
 
@@ -123,7 +126,7 @@ void arithmetic_conversions_f_func_return(const std::function<unsigned int (unsi
 
 TEST_CASE("Test automatic arithmetic conversions")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&arithmetic_conversions_f1), "f1");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&arithmetic_conversions_f2), "f2");
@@ -164,7 +167,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Test automatic arithmetic conversions")
 
 TEST_CASE("Generic exception handling with C++")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   try {
     chai.eval("throw(runtime_error(\"error\"));");
@@ -177,7 +180,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Generic exception handling with C++")
 
 TEST_CASE("Throw an int")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   try {
     chai.eval("throw(1)", chaiscript::exception_specification<int>());
@@ -189,19 +192,19 @@ TEST_CASE("Throw an int")
 
 TEST_CASE("Throw int or double")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   try {
     chai.eval("throw(1.0)", chaiscript::exception_specification<int, double>());
     REQUIRE(false);
   } catch (const double e) {
-    CHECK(e == 1.0);
+    CHECK(e == Approx(1.0));
   }
 }
 
 TEST_CASE("Throw a runtime_error")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   try {
     chai.eval("throw(runtime_error(\"error\"))", chaiscript::exception_specification<int, double, float, const std::string &, const std::exception &>());
@@ -221,7 +224,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Throw a runtime_error")
 
 TEST_CASE("Throw unhandled type")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   try {
     chai.eval("throw(\"error\")", chaiscript::exception_specification<int, double, float, const std::exception &>());
@@ -250,7 +253,7 @@ int expected_eval_errors_test_one(const int &)
 
 TEST_CASE("No unexpected exceptions leak")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&expected_eval_errors_test_one), "test_fun");
 
   chai.eval("def guard_fun(i) : i.get_type_info().is_type_arithmetic() {} ");
@@ -313,7 +316,7 @@ int function_ordering_test_two(int &)
 
 TEST_CASE("Function ordering")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.eval("def test_fun(x) { return 3; }");
   chai.eval("def test_fun(x) : x == \"hi\" { return 4; }");
 //  chai.eval("def test_fun(x) { return 5; }");
@@ -337,7 +340,7 @@ int functor_cast_test_call(const std::function<int (int)> &f, int val)
 TEST_CASE("Functor cast")
 {
 
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&functor_cast_test_call), "test_call");
 
@@ -356,10 +359,10 @@ int set_state_test_myfun()
 
 TEST_CASE("Set and restore chai state")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   // save the initial state of globals and locals
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript::State firststate = chai.get_state();
+  auto firststate = chai.get_state();
   std::map<std::string, chaiscript::Boxed_Value> locals = chai.get_locals();
 
   // add some new globals and locals
@@ -402,7 +405,7 @@ class Short_Comparison_Test {
 
 TEST_CASE("Short comparison with int")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(chaiscript::user_type<Short_Comparison_Test>(), "Test");
   chai.add(chaiscript::constructor<Short_Comparison_Test()>(), "Test");
 
@@ -425,7 +428,7 @@ class Type_Name_MyClass
 
 TEST_CASE("Test lookup of type names")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   auto type = chaiscript::user_type<Type_Name_MyClass>();
   chai.add(type, "MyClass");
 
@@ -451,13 +454,13 @@ int simultaneous_chaiscript_do_something_else(int i)
 
 TEST_CASE("Simultaneous ChaiScript tests")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&simultaneous_chaiscript_do_something), "do_something");
   chai.add(chaiscript::var(1), "i");
 
   for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
   {
-    chaiscript::ChaiScript chai2;
+    chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai2(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
     chai2.add(chaiscript::fun(&simultaneous_chaiscript_do_something_else), "do_something_else");
 
     CHECK(chai.eval<int>("do_something(" + std::to_string(i) + ")") == i + 2);
@@ -506,7 +509,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Utility_Test utility class wrapper")
       );
 
 
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(m);
 
   CHECK(chai.eval<std::string>("auto t = Utility_Test(); t.function2(); ") == "Function2");
@@ -549,7 +552,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Utility_Test utility class wrapper for enum")
       );
 
 
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(m);
 
   CHECK(chai.eval<Utility_Test_Numbers>("ONE ") == 0);
@@ -644,7 +647,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Object copy counts")
   m->add(chaiscript::constructor<Object_Copy_Count_Test(const Object_Copy_Count_Test &)>(), "Object_Copy_Count_Test");
   m->add(chaiscript::fun(&object_copy_count_create), "create");
 
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(m);
 
   chai.eval(" { auto i = create(); } ");
@@ -700,7 +703,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Object lifetime tests")
   m->add(chaiscript::constructor<Object_Lifetime_Test(const Object_Lifetime_Test &)>(), "Object_Lifetime_Test");
   m->add(chaiscript::fun(&Object_Lifetime_Test::count), "count");
 
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(m);
 
   CHECK(chai.eval<int>("count()") == 0);
@@ -753,7 +756,7 @@ Object_Lifetime_Vector2<float> Object_Lifetime_Vector2_GetValue()
 
 TEST_CASE("Object lifetime test 2")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript _script;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic _script(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   //Registering stuff
   _script.add(chaiscript::user_type<Object_Lifetime_Vector2<float>>(), "Object_Lifetime_Vector2f");
@@ -794,7 +797,7 @@ int myfunction(Non_Poly_Base *)
 
 TEST_CASE("Test Derived->Base with non-polymorphic classes")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(chaiscript::base_class<Non_Poly_Base, Non_Poly_Derived>());
   Non_Poly_Derived d;
   chai.add(chaiscript::var(&d), "d");
@@ -813,7 +816,7 @@ struct TestCppVariableScope
 
 TEST_CASE("Variable Scope When Calling From C++")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(chaiscript::user_type<TestCppVariableScope>(), "Test");
   chai.add(chaiscript::constructor<TestCppVariableScope()>(), "Test");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&TestCppVariableScope::print), "print");
@@ -836,7 +839,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Variable Scope When Calling From C++")
 
 TEST_CASE("Variable Scope When Calling From C++ 2")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.eval("var obj = 2;");
   auto func = chai.eval<std::function<void()>>("fun(){ return obj; }");
   CHECK_THROWS(func());
@@ -853,7 +856,7 @@ void longlong(long long i) {
 
 TEST_CASE("Test long long dispatch")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&longlong), "longlong");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&ulonglong), "ulonglong");
   chai.eval("longlong(15)");
@@ -873,7 +876,7 @@ struct Returned_Converted_Config
 
 TEST_CASE("Return of converted type from script")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
 
   chai.add(chaiscript::constructor<Returned_Converted_Config ()>(), "Returned_Converted_Config");
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Returned_Converted_Config::num_iterations), "num_iterations");
@@ -921,7 +924,7 @@ int get_value_a(const std::map<std::string, int> &t_m)
 
 TEST_CASE("Map conversions")
 {
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   chai.add(chaiscript::map_conversion<std::map<std::string, int>>());
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&get_value_a), "get_value_a");
 
@@ -941,7 +944,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Parse floats with non-posix locale")
 #else
   std::setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_ZA.utf8");
 #endif
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
   const double parsed = chai.eval<double>("print(1.3); 1.3");
   CHECK(parsed == Approx(1.3));
   const std::string str = chai.eval<std::string>("to_string(1.3)");
@@ -950,4 +953,320 @@ TEST_CASE("Parse floats with non-posix locale")
 
 
 
+bool FindBitmap(int &ox, int &oy, long) {
+  ox = 1; 
+  oy = 2; 
+  return true;
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Mismatched numeric types only convert necessary params")
+{
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&FindBitmap), "FindBitmap");
+  int x = 0;
+  int y = 0;
+  chai.add(chaiscript::var(&x), "x");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::var(&y), "y");
+  chai.eval( "if ( FindBitmap ( x, y, 0) ) { print(\"found at \" + to_string(x) + \", \" + to_string(y))}" );
+  CHECK(x == 1);
+  CHECK(y == 2);
+
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("type_conversion to bool")
+{
+  auto module = std::make_shared<chaiscript::Module>();
+  struct T {
+    operator bool() const { return true; }
+  };
+  module->add(chaiscript::type_conversion<T, bool>());
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Make sure ChaiScript object still compiles / executes")
+{
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+}
+
+struct Count_Tracer
+{
+  int count = 0;
+  template<typename T>
+    void trace(const chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_State &, const chaiscript::eval::AST_Node_Impl<T> *)
+    {
+      ++count;
+    }
+};
+
+
+TEST_CASE("Test count tracer")
+{
+  typedef chaiscript::parser::ChaiScript_Parser< chaiscript::eval::Tracer<Count_Tracer>, chaiscript::optimizer::Optimizer_Default >  Parser_Type;
+
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(chaiscript::Std_Lib::library(),
+      std::make_unique<Parser_Type>());
+
+  Parser_Type &parser = dynamic_cast<Parser_Type &>(chai.get_parser());
+
+  const auto count = parser.get_tracer().count;
+
+  chai.eval("");
+
+  CHECK(parser.get_tracer().count > count);
+}
+
+
+TEST_CASE("Test stdlib options")
+{
+  const auto test_has_external_scripts = [](chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic &chai) { 
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(chai.eval("`use`"));
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(chai.eval("`eval_file`"));
+  };
+
+  const auto test_no_external_scripts = [](chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic &chai) { 
+    CHECK_THROWS(chai.eval("`use`"));
+    CHECK_THROWS(chai.eval("`eval_file`"));
+  };
+
+  const auto test_has_load_modules = [](chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic &chai) { 
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(chai.eval("`load_module`"));
+  };
+
+  const auto test_no_load_modules = [](chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic &chai) { 
+    CHECK_THROWS(chai.eval("`load_module`"));
+  };
+
+  SECTION( "Defaults" ) {
+    chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+    test_has_external_scripts(chai);
+    test_has_load_modules(chai);
+  }
+
+  SECTION( "Load_Modules, External_Scripts" ) {
+    chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser(), {}, {}, 
+        {chaiscript::Options::Load_Modules, chaiscript::Options::External_Scripts} );
+    test_has_external_scripts(chai);
+    test_has_load_modules(chai);
+  }
+
+  SECTION( "No_Load_Modules, No_External_Scripts" ) {
+    chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser(), {}, {}, 
+        {chaiscript::Options::No_Load_Modules, chaiscript::Options::No_External_Scripts} );
+    test_no_external_scripts(chai);
+    test_no_load_modules(chai);
+  }
+
+  SECTION( "No_Load_Modules, Load_Modules" ) {
+    chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser(), {}, {}, 
+        {chaiscript::Options::No_Load_Modules, chaiscript::Options::Load_Modules} );
+    test_no_external_scripts(chai);
+    test_no_load_modules(chai);
+  }
+
+  SECTION( "No_External_Scripts, External_Scripts" ) {
+    chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser(), {}, {}, 
+        {chaiscript::Options::No_External_Scripts, chaiscript::Options::External_Scripts} );
+    test_no_external_scripts(chai);
+    test_no_load_modules(chai);
+  }
+
+  SECTION( "No_External_Scripts, Load_Modules" ) {
+    chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser(), {}, {}, 
+        {chaiscript::Options::No_External_Scripts, chaiscript::Options::Load_Modules} );
+    test_no_external_scripts(chai);
+    test_has_load_modules(chai);
+  }
+
+  SECTION( "External_Scripts, No_Load_Modules" ) {
+    chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser(), {}, {}, 
+        {chaiscript::Options::External_Scripts, chaiscript::Options::No_Load_Modules} );
+    test_has_external_scripts(chai);
+    test_no_load_modules(chai);
+  }
+}
+
+
+void uservalueref(int &&)
+{
+}
+
+void usemoveonlytype(std::unique_ptr<int> &&)
+{
+}
+
+
+TEST_CASE("Pass r-value reference to func")
+{
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&uservalueref), "uservalueref");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&usemoveonlytype), "usemoveonlytype");
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::var(std::make_unique<int>(1)), "iptr");
+  chai.eval("usemoveonlytype(iptr)");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Use unique_ptr")
+{
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](int &i){ ++i; }), "inci");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](int i){ ++i; }), "copyi");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](int *i){ ++(*i); }), "derefi");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](const std::unique_ptr<int> &i){ ++(*i); }), "constrefuniqptri");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](std::unique_ptr<int> &i){ ++(*i); }), "refuniqptri");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](std::unique_ptr<int> &&i){ ++(*i); }), "rvaluniqptri");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::var(std::make_unique<int>(1)), "iptr");
+
+
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("iptr") == 1);
+  chai.eval("inci(iptr)");
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("iptr") == 2);
+  chai.eval("copyi(iptr)");
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("iptr") == 2);
+  chai.eval("derefi(iptr)");
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("iptr") == 3);
+  chai.eval("constrefuniqptri(iptr)");
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("iptr") == 4);
+  chai.eval("refuniqptri(iptr)");
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("iptr") == 5);
+  chai.eval("rvaluniqptri(iptr)");
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("iptr") == 6);
+}
+
+
+class Unique_Ptr_Test_Class
+{
+  public:
+    Unique_Ptr_Test_Class() = default;
+    Unique_Ptr_Test_Class(const Unique_Ptr_Test_Class&) = default;
+    Unique_Ptr_Test_Class(Unique_Ptr_Test_Class &&) = default;
+    Unique_Ptr_Test_Class &operator=(const Unique_Ptr_Test_Class&) = default;
+    Unique_Ptr_Test_Class &operator=(Unique_Ptr_Test_Class&&) = default;
+    virtual ~Unique_Ptr_Test_Class() = default;
+
+    int getI() const {return 5;}
+};
+
+
+std::unique_ptr<Unique_Ptr_Test_Class> make_Unique_Ptr_Test_Class()
+{
+  return std::make_unique<Unique_Ptr_Test_Class>();
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Call methods through unique_ptr")
+{
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::var(std::make_unique<Unique_Ptr_Test_Class>()), "uptr");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun(make_Unique_Ptr_Test_Class), "make_Unique_Ptr_Test_Class");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Unique_Ptr_Test_Class::getI), "getI");
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("uptr.getI()") == 5);
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("var uptr2 = make_Unique_Ptr_Test_Class(); uptr2.getI()") == 5);
+}
+
+
+class Unique_Ptr_Test_Base_Class
+{
+  public:
+    int getI() const {return 5;}
+};
+
+class Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class : public Unique_Ptr_Test_Base_Class
+{};
+
+std::unique_ptr<Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class> make_Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class()
+{
+  return std::make_unique<Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class>();
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Call methods on base class through unique_ptr<derived>")
+{
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::var(std::make_unique<Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class>()), "uptr");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun(make_Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class), "make_Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Unique_Ptr_Test_Base_Class::getI), "getI");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::base_class<Unique_Ptr_Test_Base_Class, Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class>());
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("uptr.getI()") == 5);
+  CHECK(chai.eval<int>("var uptr2 = make_Unique_Ptr_Test_Derived_Class(); uptr2.getI()") == 5);
+}
+
+
+class A
+{
+  public:
+    A() = default;
+    A(const A&) = default;
+    A(A &&) = default;
+    A &operator=(const A&) = default;
+    A &operator=(A&&) = default;
+    virtual ~A() = default;
+};
+
+class B : public A
+{
+  public:
+    B() = default;
+};
+
+TEST_CASE("Test typed chaiscript functions to perform conversions")
+{
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+
+  //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::user_type<A>(), "A");
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::user_type<B>(), "B");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::base_class<A, B>());
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](const B &)
+        {
+        }), "CppFunctWithBArg");
+
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([]() -> std::shared_ptr<A> 
+        {
+        return (std::shared_ptr<A>(new B()));
+        }), "Create");
+
+  chai.eval(R"(
+            var inst = Create() // A*
+
+            // it prints "A"
+            inst.type_name().print() 
+
+            // Ok it is casted using conversion
+            CppFunctWithBArg(inst)
+
+            // Define a function with B as argument
+            def ChaiFuncWithBArg(B inst)
+            {
+                    print("ok")
+            }
+
+            // don't work
+            ChaiFuncWithBArg(inst)
+            )");
+}
+
+struct Reference_MyClass
+{
+  Reference_MyClass(double& t_x) : x(t_x) {}
+  double& x;
+};
+
+TEST_CASE("Test reference member being registered")
+{
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+  // Note, C++ will not allow us to do this:
+  // chai.add(chaiscript::fun(&Reference_MyClass::x) , "x");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](Reference_MyClass &r) -> decltype(auto) { return (r.x); }), "x");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([](const Reference_MyClass &r) -> decltype(auto) { return (r.x); }), "x");
+  double d;
+  chai.add(chaiscript::var(Reference_MyClass(d)), "ref");
+  chai.eval("ref.x = 2.3");
+  CHECK(d == Approx(2.3));
+}
+
 

unittests/conversion_to_bool.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+// all we care is that this executes, really
+
+add_type_conversion(type("int"), type("bool"), fun(int i) { return i != 0; });
+
+if (0) {
+  assert_true(false);
+}
+
+if (!0) {
+  assert_true(true);
+} else {
+  assert_true(false);
+}
+
+while (0) {
+  assert_true(false);
+}
+
+for (; 0; ) {
+  assert_true(false);
+}
+

unittests/eval_error.chai

@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ def while_doing()
 
 auto f = fun() { while_doing(); }
 
-assert_equal(get_eval_error(f).call_stack.size(), 16)
+assert_true(get_eval_error(f).call_stack.size() <= 16)

unittests/execution_context.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+
+
+assert_equal(__LINE__, 3)
+
+def f() {
+  [__LINE__, __CLASS__, __FUNC__]
+}
+
+var res = f()
+
+assert_equal(res[0], 6)
+assert_equal(res[1], "NOT_IN_CLASS")
+assert_equal(res[2], "f")
+
+assert_equal(__CLASS__, "NOT_IN_CLASS")
+assert_equal(__FUNC__, "NOT_IN_FUNCTION")
+
+class C
+{
+  def C() {}
+  def member() { [__LINE__, __CLASS__, __FUNC__]; }
+}
+
+var c = C();
+
+var res2 = c.member();
+
+assert_equal(res2[0], 21)
+assert_equal(res2[1], "C")
+assert_equal(res2[2], "member")
+
+def C::member2() { [__LINE__, __CLASS__, __FUNC__]; }
+
+var res3 = c.member2();
+
+assert_equal(res3[0], 32)
+assert_equal(res3[1], "C")
+assert_equal(res3[2], "member2")
+
+assert_true(__FILE__.find("execution_context.chai") != -1)
+
+

unittests/explicit_this_capture.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+class Test
+{
+  def Test()
+  {}
+
+  def a(Function f)
+  {
+    f("test");
+//    f();
+  }
+
+  def b()
+  {
+    var l = fun [this](x) { this.thing();  }
+    this.a(l)
+  }
+
+  def thing()
+  {
+    print("hello world");
+  }
+}
+var t = Test()
+t.b()
+
+

unittests/init_if.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+if (var x = 2; x == 3) {
+  assert_true(false);
+} else if (var y = 3; y == 6) {
+  assert_true(false);
+} else { 
+  assert_equal(5, y + x);
+}

unittests/integer_literal_test.cpp

@@ -1,122 +1,284 @@
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp>
+#include "../static_libs/chaiscript_parser.hpp"
+#include "../static_libs/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp"
+
+
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+// ignore errors about negative unsigned integer literals
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4146)
+#endif
+
 
 #define TEST_LITERAL(v) test_literal(v, #v)
+#define TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(v) test_literal(v, #v, true)
 
 template<typename T>
-bool test_literal(T val, const std::string &str)
+bool test_literal(T val, const std::string &str, bool use_boxed_number = false)
 {
-  std::cout << "Comparing : " << val;
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
-  T val2 = chai.eval<T>(str);
-  std::cout << " " << val2 << '\n';
+  std::cout << '(' << str << ") Comparing : C++ '" << val;
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(create_chaiscript_stdlib(),create_chaiscript_parser());
+
+  // Note, after applying the `-` it's possible that chaiscript has internally converted
+  // between two equivalently sized types (ie, unsigned long and unsigned long long on a 64bit system)
+  // so we're going to allow some leeway with the signed tests
+  T val2 = [&](){
+    if (!use_boxed_number) {
+      return chai.eval<T>(str);
+    } else {
+      return chai.eval<chaiscript::Boxed_Number>(str).get_as_checked<T>();
+    }
+  }();
+
+  std::cout << "' chai '" << val2 << "'\n";
   return val == val2;
 }
 
 int main()
 {
-  if( TEST_LITERAL(0xF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) 
- 
- 
- && TEST_LITERAL(01)
- && TEST_LITERAL(017)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0177)
- && TEST_LITERAL(01777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(017777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0177777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(01777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(017777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(017777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(017777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(017777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(017777777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777777777777777)
+  if( 
+      TEST_LITERAL(0xF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) 
 
- && TEST_LITERAL(1)
- && TEST_LITERAL(17)
- && TEST_LITERAL(177)
- && TEST_LITERAL(1777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(17777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(177777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(1777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(17777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(177777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(1777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(17777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(177777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(1777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(17777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(177777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(1777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(17777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(177777777777777777)
- && TEST_LITERAL(1777777777777777777)
 
- && test_literal(0xF, "0b1111")
- && test_literal(0xFF, "0b11111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFF, "0b111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFF, "0b1111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && TEST_LITERAL(01)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(017)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0177)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(01777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(017777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0177777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(01777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(017777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(017777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(017777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(017777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(017777777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(0177777777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(01777777777777777777777)
 
- && test_literal(0x7, "0b111")
- && test_literal(0x7F, "0b1111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FF, "0b11111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFF, "0b111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFF, "0b1111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
- && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
-)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(1)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(17)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(177)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(1777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(17777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(177777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(1777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(17777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(177777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(1777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(17777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(177777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(1777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(17777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(177777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(1777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(17777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(177777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(1777777777777777777)
+
+      && test_literal(0xF, "0b1111")
+      && test_literal(0xFF, "0b11111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFF, "0b111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFF, "0b1111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+
+      && test_literal(0x7, "0b111")
+      && test_literal(0x7F, "0b1111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FF, "0b11111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFF, "0b111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFF, "0b1111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+      && test_literal(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111")
+
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) 
+
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-01)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-017)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0177)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-01777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-017777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0177777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-01777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-017777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0177777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-01777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-017777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0177777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-01777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-017777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0177777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-01777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-017777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0177777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-01777777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-017777777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-0177777777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-01777777777777777777777)
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-1)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-17)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-177)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-1777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-17777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-177777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-1777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-17777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-177777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-1777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-17777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-177777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-1777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-17777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-177777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-1777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-17777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-177777777777777777)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-1777777777777777777)
+
+      // Test 8/16/24/32 bit boundaries for various types
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL(255)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(65535)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(16777215)
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+        // bug in cl.exe causes this to be incorrectly parsed as an unsigned
+        && TEST_LITERAL(4294967295)
+#endif
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-255)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-65535)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-16777215)
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+        // bug in cl.exe causes this to be incorrectly parsed as an unsigned
+        && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-4294967295)
+#endif
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL(255u)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(65535u)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(16777215u)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(4294967295u)
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-255u)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-65535u)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-16777215u)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-4294967295u)
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL(255l)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(65535l)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(16777215l)
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+        // bug in cl.exe causes this to be incorrectly parsed as an unsigned
+        && TEST_LITERAL(4294967295l)
+#endif
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-255l)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-65535l)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-16777215l)
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+        // bug in cl.exe causes this to be incorrectly parsed as an unsigned
+        && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-4294967295l)
+#endif
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL(255ul)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(65535ul)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(16777215ul)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(4294967295ul)
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-255ul)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-65535ul)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-16777215ul)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-4294967295ul)
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL(255ull)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(65535ull)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(16777215ull)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(4294967295ull)
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-255ull)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-65535ull)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-16777215ull)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-4294967295ull)
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL(255ll)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(65535ll)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(16777215ll)
+      && TEST_LITERAL(4294967295ll)
+
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-255ll)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-65535ll)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-16777215ll)
+      && TEST_LITERAL_SIGNED(-4294967295ll)
+
+
+      )
   {
     return EXIT_SUCCESS;
   } else {
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
-
-
-
-
 }
+
+
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif

unittests/json_3.chai

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 assert_equal(from_json("100"), 100)
+assert_equal(from_json("-100"), -100)

unittests/json_4.chai

@@ -1 +1,22 @@
 assert_equal(from_json("1.234"), 1.234)
+assert_equal(from_json("-1.234"), -1.234)
+
+auto caught = false;
+try {
+  from_json("-1-5.3");
+}
+catch(e) {
+  assert_equal("JSON ERROR: Number: unexpected character '-'", e.what());
+  caught = true;
+}
+assert_equal(caught, true);
+
+caught = false;
+try {
+  from_json("-15.3.2");
+}
+catch(e) {
+  assert_equal("JSON ERROR: Number: unexpected character '.'", e.what());
+  caught = true;
+}
+assert_equal(caught, true);

unittests/json_9.chai

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-assert_equal(from_json("[1,2,3]"), [1,2,3])
+assert_equal(from_json("[1,-2,3]"), [1,-2,3])
 

unittests/multifile_test_chai.cpp

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 #include "multifile_test_chai.hpp"
 
 #include <chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp>
+#include <chaiscript/language/chaiscript_parser.hpp>
 
 Multi_Test_Chai::Multi_Test_Chai()
-  : m_chai(new chaiscript::ChaiScript(chaiscript::Std_Lib::library()))
+  : m_chai(new chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic(chaiscript::Std_Lib::library(),
+           std::make_unique<chaiscript::parser::ChaiScript_Parser<chaiscript::eval::Noop_Tracer, chaiscript::optimizer::Optimizer_Default>>()))
 {
 }
 
 
-std::shared_ptr<chaiscript::ChaiScript> Multi_Test_Chai::get_chai()
+std::shared_ptr<chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic> Multi_Test_Chai::get_chai()
 {
   return m_chai;
 }

unittests/multifile_test_chai.hpp

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp>
 
 class Multi_Test_Chai
 {
   public:
     Multi_Test_Chai();
 
-    std::shared_ptr<chaiscript::ChaiScript> get_chai();
+    std::shared_ptr<chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic> get_chai();
 
   private:
-    std::shared_ptr<chaiscript::ChaiScript> m_chai;
+    std::shared_ptr<chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic> m_chai;
 };
 
 

unittests/multifile_test_main.cpp

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 #include "multifile_test_chai.hpp"
 #include "multifile_test_module.hpp"
 
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp>
 
 int main()
 {
   Multi_Test_Chai chaitest;
   Multi_Test_Module chaimodule;
 
-  std::shared_ptr<chaiscript::ChaiScript> chai = chaitest.get_chai();
+  std::shared_ptr<chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic> chai = chaitest.get_chai();
   chai->add(chaimodule.get_module());
   return chai->eval<int>("get_module_value()");
 }

unittests/multifile_test_module.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp>
 
 #include "multifile_test_module.hpp"
 

unittests/multifile_test_module.hpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp>
 
 class Multi_Test_Module
 {

unittests/multithreaded_test.cpp

@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_NO_DYNLOAD
 #include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+#endif
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript_basic.hpp>
+#include <chaiscript/language/chaiscript_parser.hpp>
 
 int expected_value(int num_iters)
 {
@@ -15,7 +19,7 @@ int expected_value(int num_iters)
   return i;
 }
 
-void do_work(chaiscript::ChaiScript &c, const size_t id)
+void do_work(chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic &c, const size_t id)
 {
   try{
     std::stringstream ss;
@@ -56,13 +60,22 @@ int main()
   }
 
   std::vector<std::string> modulepaths;
+
+#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_NO_DYNLOAD
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai(/* unused */modulepaths, usepaths);
+#else
   modulepaths.push_back("");
   if (modulepath)
   {
     modulepaths.push_back(modulepath);
   }
-
-  chaiscript::ChaiScript chai(modulepaths,usepaths);
+  
+  // For this test we are going to load the dynamic stdlib
+  // to make sure it continues to work
+  chaiscript::ChaiScript_Basic chai(
+      std::make_unique<chaiscript::parser::ChaiScript_Parser<chaiscript::eval::Noop_Tracer, chaiscript::optimizer::Optimizer_Default>>(),
+      modulepaths,usepaths);
+#endif
 
   std::vector<std::shared_ptr<std::thread> > threads;
 

unittests/negative_numbers.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+def numFunc(x)
+{
+  return x + 10;
+}
+
+
+// Note that unary prefix `-` has lower precedence than `.`
+// this is why these values are correct, even if counterintuitive
+
+assert_true(-5.numFunc() == -15);
+assert_true((-5).numFunc() == 5);
+

unittests/precedence_4.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+var i = 2;
+
+assert_equal(++i * i, 9)

unittests/ranged_for.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+var sum = 0;
+
+for (x : [1,2,3,4]) {
+  sum += x;
+}
+
+assert_equal(sum, 10)
+
+var result = 0.0;
+
+for (x : retro(range([1,2,3,4]))) {
+  if (result == 0.0) {
+    result = x;
+  } else {
+    result /= x;
+  }
+}
+
+assert_true(result > .6 && result < .7);
+
+

unittests/static_chaiscript.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include <chaiscript/chaiscript.hpp>
+
+static chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
+
+int main() {}

unittests/string_unicode_ascii.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+assert_equal('\u0020', ' ')
+assert_equal('\u0021', '!')
+assert_equal('\u0030', '0')
+assert_equal('\u0040', '@')
+assert_equal('\u005B', '[')
+assert_equal('\u005d', ']')
+assert_equal('\u0061', 'a')
+assert_equal('\u007e', '~')

unittests/string_unicode_parse.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+assert_equal('\u00aa', '\u00AA')
+assert_equal('\u00bb', '\uBB')
+assert_equal('\ucc', '\u00CC')
+assert_equal('\udd', '\uDD')
+
+assert_equal('\u0ee', '\uEE')
+assert_equal('\ue', '\u000E')
+
+assert_equal("\u30\u31\u32", "012")
+assert_equal("\u33Test", "3Test")
+assert_equal("Test\u0040", "Test@")

unittests/string_unicode_unicode.chai

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+assert_equal("\uc39c", "Ü")
+assert_equal("U for \uc39cmlauts", "U for Ümlauts")
+assert_equal("More \uc39cml\uc3a4\uc3bcts", "More Ümläüts")
+
+assert_equal("Thorn \uc3be sign", "Thorn þ sign")