//
// ClassLoader.h
//
// $Id: //poco/svn/Foundation/include/Poco/ClassLoader.h#2 $
//
// Library: Foundation
// Package: SharedLibrary
// Module:  ClassLoader
//
// Definition of the ClassLoader class.
//
// Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Applied Informatics Software Engineering GmbH.
// and Contributors.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person or organization
// obtaining a copy of the software and accompanying documentation covered by
// this license (the "Software") to use, reproduce, display, distribute,
// execute, and transmit the Software, and to prepare derivative works of the
// Software, and to permit third-parties to whom the Software is furnished to
// do so, all subject to the following:
// 
// The copyright notices in the Software and this entire statement, including
// the above license grant, this restriction and the following disclaimer,
// must be included in all copies of the Software, in whole or in part, and
// all derivative works of the Software, unless such copies or derivative
// works are solely in the form of machine-executable object code generated by
// a source language processor.
// 
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
// SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR ANYONE DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE BE LIABLE
// FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
// ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
//


#ifndef Foundation_ClassLoader_INCLUDED
#define Foundation_ClassLoader_INCLUDED


#include "Poco/Foundation.h"
#include "Poco/MetaObject.h"
#include "Poco/Manifest.h"
#include "Poco/SharedLibrary.h"
#include "Poco/Mutex.h"
#include "Poco/Exception.h"
#include <map>


namespace Poco {


template <class Base>
class ClassLoader
	/// The ClassLoader loads C++ classes from shared libraries
	/// at runtime. It must be instantiated with a root class
	/// of the loadable classes.
	/// For a class to be loadable from a library, the library
	/// must provide a Manifest of all the classes it contains.
	/// The Manifest for a shared library can be easily built
	/// with the help of the macros in the header file
	/// "Foundation/ClassLibrary.h".
	///
	/// Starting with POCO release 1.3, a class library can
	/// export multiple manifests. In addition to the default
	/// (unnamed) manifest, multiple named manifests can
	/// be exported, each having a different base class.
	///
	/// There is one important restriction: one instance of
	/// ClassLoader can only load one manifest from a class
	/// library.
{
public:
	typedef AbstractMetaObject<Base> Meta;
	typedef Manifest<Base> Manif;
	typedef void (*InitializeLibraryFunc)();
	typedef void (*UninitializeLibraryFunc)();
	typedef bool (*BuildManifestFunc)(ManifestBase*);

	struct LibraryInfo
	{
		SharedLibrary* pLibrary;
		const Manif*   pManifest;
		int            refCount;
	};
	typedef std::map<std::string, LibraryInfo> LibraryMap;

	class Iterator
		/// The ClassLoader's very own iterator class.
	{
	public:
		typedef std::pair<std::string, const Manif*> Pair;

		Iterator(const typename LibraryMap::const_iterator& it)
		{
			_it = it;
		}
		Iterator(const Iterator& it)
		{
			_it = it._it;
		}
		~Iterator()
		{
		}
		Iterator& operator = (const Iterator& it)
		{
			_it = it._it;
			return *this;
		}
		inline bool operator == (const Iterator& it) const
		{
			return _it == it._it;
		}
		inline bool operator != (const Iterator& it) const
		{
			return _it != it._it;
		}
		Iterator& operator ++ () // prefix
		{
			++_it;
			return *this;
		}
		Iterator operator ++ (int) // postfix
		{
			Iterator result(_it);
			++_it;
			return result;
		}
		inline const Pair* operator * () const
		{
			_pair.first  = _it->first;
			_pair.second = _it->second.pManifest;
			return &_pair;
		}
		inline const Pair* operator -> () const
		{
			_pair.first  = _it->first;
			_pair.second = _it->second.pManifest;
			return &_pair;
		}

	private:
		typename LibraryMap::const_iterator _it;
		mutable Pair _pair;
	};

	ClassLoader()
		/// Creates the ClassLoader.
	{
	}

	virtual ~ClassLoader()
		/// Destroys the ClassLoader.
	{
		for (typename LibraryMap::const_iterator it = _map.begin(); it != _map.end(); ++it)
		{
			delete it->second.pLibrary;
			delete it->second.pManifest;
		}
	}

	void loadLibrary(const std::string& path, const std::string& manifest)
		/// Loads a library from the given path, using the given manifest. 
		/// Does nothing if the library is already loaded.
		/// Throws a LibraryLoadException if the library
		/// cannot be loaded or does not have a Manifest.
		/// If the library exports a function named "pocoInitializeLibrary",
		/// this function is executed.
		/// If called multiple times for the same library,
		/// the number of calls to unloadLibrary() must be the same
		/// for the library to become unloaded.
	{
		FastMutex::ScopedLock lock(_mutex);

		typename LibraryMap::iterator it = _map.find(path);
		if (it == _map.end())
		{
			LibraryInfo li;
			li.pLibrary  = new SharedLibrary(path);
			li.pManifest = new Manif();
			li.refCount  = 1;
			try
			{
				std::string pocoBuildManifestSymbol("pocoBuildManifest");
				pocoBuildManifestSymbol.append(manifest);
				if (li.pLibrary->hasSymbol("pocoInitializeLibrary"))
				{
					InitializeLibraryFunc initializeLibrary = (InitializeLibraryFunc) li.pLibrary->getSymbol("pocoInitializeLibrary");
					initializeLibrary();
				}
				if (li.pLibrary->hasSymbol(pocoBuildManifestSymbol))
				{
					BuildManifestFunc buildManifest = (BuildManifestFunc) li.pLibrary->getSymbol(pocoBuildManifestSymbol);
					if (buildManifest(const_cast<Manif*>(li.pManifest)))
						_map[path] = li;
					else
						throw LibraryLoadException(std::string("Manifest class mismatch in ") + path, manifest);
				}
				else throw LibraryLoadException(std::string("No manifest in ") + path, manifest);
			}
			catch (...)
			{
				delete li.pLibrary;
				delete li.pManifest;
				throw;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			++it->second.refCount;
		}
	}

	void loadLibrary(const std::string& path)
		/// Loads a library from the given path. Does nothing
		/// if the library is already loaded.
		/// Throws a LibraryLoadException if the library
		/// cannot be loaded or does not have a Manifest.
		/// If the library exports a function named "pocoInitializeLibrary",
		/// this function is executed.
		/// If called multiple times for the same library,
		/// the number of calls to unloadLibrary() must be the same
		/// for the library to become unloaded.
		///
		/// Equivalent to loadLibrary(path, "").
	{
		loadLibrary(path, "");
	}
		
	void unloadLibrary(const std::string& path)
		/// Unloads the given library. 
		/// Be extremely cautious when unloading shared libraries.
		/// If objects from the library are still referenced somewhere,
		/// a total crash is very likely.
		/// If the library exports a function named "pocoUninitializeLibrary",
		/// this function is executed before it is unloaded.
		/// If loadLibrary() has been called multiple times for the same
		/// library, the number of calls to unloadLibrary() must be the same
		/// for the library to become unloaded.
	{
		FastMutex::ScopedLock lock(_mutex);

		typename LibraryMap::iterator it = _map.find(path);
		if (it != _map.end())
		{
			if (--it->second.refCount == 0)
			{
				if (it->second.pLibrary->hasSymbol("pocoUninitializeLibrary"))
				{
					UninitializeLibraryFunc uninitializeLibrary = (UninitializeLibraryFunc) it->second.pLibrary->getSymbol("pocoUninitializeLibrary");
					uninitializeLibrary();
				}
				delete it->second.pManifest;
				it->second.pLibrary->unload();
				delete it->second.pLibrary;
				_map.erase(it);
			}
		}
		else throw NotFoundException(path);
	}

	const Meta* findClass(const std::string& className) const
		/// Returns a pointer to the MetaObject for the given
		/// class, or a null pointer if the class is not known.
	{
		FastMutex::ScopedLock lock(_mutex);

		for (typename LibraryMap::const_iterator it = _map.begin(); it != _map.end(); ++it)
		{
			const Manif* pManif = it->second.pManifest;
			typename Manif::Iterator itm = pManif->find(className);
			if (itm != pManif->end())
				return *itm;
		}
		return 0;
	}
	
	const Meta& classFor(const std::string& className) const
		/// Returns a reference to the MetaObject for the given
		/// class. Throws a NotFoundException if the class
		/// is not known.
	{
		const Meta* pMeta = findClass(className);
		if (pMeta)
			return *pMeta;
		else
			throw NotFoundException(className);
	}
	
	Base* create(const std::string& className) const
		/// Creates an instance of the given class.
		/// Throws a NotFoundException if the class
		/// is not known.
	{
		return classFor(className).create();
	}
	
	Base& instance(const std::string& className) const
		/// Returns a reference to the sole instance of
		/// the given class. The class must be a singleton,
		/// otherwise an InvalidAccessException will be thrown.
		/// Throws a NotFoundException if the class
		/// is not known.
	{
		return classFor(className).instance();
	}
	
	bool canCreate(const std::string& className) const
		/// Returns true if create() can create new instances
		/// of the class.
	{
		return classFor(className).canCreate();
	}

	void destroy(const std::string& className, Base* pObject) const
		/// Destroys the object pObject points to.
		/// Does nothing if object is not found.
	{
		classFor(className).destroy(pObject);
	}

	bool isAutoDelete(const std::string& className, Base* pObject) const
		/// Returns true if the object is automatically
		/// deleted by its meta object.
	{
		return classFor(className).isAutoDelete(pObject);
	}
	
	const Manif* findManifest(const std::string& path) const
		/// Returns a pointer to the Manifest for the given
		/// library, or a null pointer if the library has not been loaded.
	{
		FastMutex::ScopedLock lock(_mutex);

		typename LibraryMap::const_iterator it = _map.find(path);
		if (it != _map.end())
			return it->second.pManifest;
		else
			return 0;
	}
	
	const Manif& manifestFor(const std::string& path) const
		/// Returns a reference to the Manifest for the given library
		/// Throws a NotFoundException if the library has not been loaded.
	{
		const Manif* pManif = findManifest(path);
		if (pManif)
			return *pManif;
		else
			throw NotFoundException(path);
	}

	bool isLibraryLoaded(const std::string& path) const
		/// Returns true if the library with the given name
		/// has already been loaded.
	{
		return findManifest(path) != 0;
	}

	Iterator begin() const
	{
		FastMutex::ScopedLock lock(_mutex);

		return Iterator(_map.begin());
	}

	Iterator end() const
	{
		FastMutex::ScopedLock lock(_mutex);

		return Iterator(_map.end());
	}

private:
	LibraryMap _map;
	mutable FastMutex _mutex;
};


} // namespace Poco


#endif // Foundation_ClassLoader_INCLUDED