341 lines
8.0 KiB
Plaintext
341 lines
8.0 KiB
Plaintext
|
|
=pod
|
|
|
|
=head1 NAME
|
|
|
|
openssl - OpenSSL command line tool
|
|
|
|
=head1 SYNOPSIS
|
|
|
|
B<openssl>
|
|
I<command>
|
|
[ I<command_opts> ]
|
|
[ I<command_args> ]
|
|
|
|
B<openssl> [ B<list-standard-commands> | B<list-message-digest-commands> | B<list-cipher-commands> ]
|
|
|
|
B<openssl> B<no->I<XXX> [ I<arbitrary options> ]
|
|
|
|
=head1 DESCRIPTION
|
|
|
|
OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL
|
|
v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and related
|
|
cryptography standards required by them.
|
|
|
|
The B<openssl> program is a command line tool for using the various
|
|
cryptography functions of OpenSSL's B<crypto> library from the shell.
|
|
It can be used for
|
|
|
|
o Creation of RSA, DH and DSA key parameters
|
|
o Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
|
|
o Calculation of Message Digests
|
|
o Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
|
|
o SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
|
|
o Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
|
|
|
|
=head1 COMMAND SUMMARY
|
|
|
|
The B<openssl> program provides a rich variety of commands (I<command> in the
|
|
SYNOPSIS above), each of which often has a wealth of options and arguments
|
|
(I<command_opts> and I<command_args> in the SYNOPSIS).
|
|
|
|
The pseudo-commands B<list-standard-commands>, B<list-message-digest-commands>,
|
|
and B<list-cipher-commands> output a list (one entry per line) of the names
|
|
of all standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands,
|
|
respectively, that are available in the present B<openssl> utility.
|
|
|
|
The pseudo-command B<no->I<XXX> tests whether a command of the
|
|
specified name is available. If no command named I<XXX> exists, it
|
|
returns 0 (success) and prints B<no->I<XXX>; otherwise it returns 1
|
|
and prints I<XXX>. In both cases, the output goes to B<stdout> and
|
|
nothing is printed to B<stderr>. Additional command line arguments
|
|
are always ignored. Since for each cipher there is a command of the
|
|
same name, this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for the
|
|
availability of ciphers in the B<openssl> program. (B<no->I<XXX> is
|
|
not able to detect pseudo-commands such as B<quit>,
|
|
B<list->I<...>B<-commands>, or B<no->I<XXX> itself.)
|
|
|
|
=head2 STANDARD COMMANDS
|
|
|
|
=over 10
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<asn1parse>|asn1parse(1)>
|
|
|
|
Parse an ASN.1 sequence.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<ca>|ca(1)>
|
|
|
|
Certificate Authority (CA) Management.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<ciphers>|ciphers(1)>
|
|
|
|
Cipher Suite Description Determination.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<crl>|crl(1)>
|
|
|
|
Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<crl2pkcs7>|crl2pkcs7(1)>
|
|
|
|
CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<dgst>|dgst(1)>
|
|
|
|
Message Digest Calculation.
|
|
|
|
=item B<dh>
|
|
|
|
Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management.
|
|
Obsoleted by L<B<dhparam>|dhparam(1)>.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<dsa>|dsa(1)>
|
|
|
|
DSA Data Management.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<dsaparam>|dsaparam(1)>
|
|
|
|
DSA Parameter Generation.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<enc>|enc(1)>
|
|
|
|
Encoding with Ciphers.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<errstr>|errstr(1)>
|
|
|
|
Error Number to Error String Conversion.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<dhparam>|dhparam(1)>
|
|
|
|
Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters.
|
|
|
|
=item B<gendh>
|
|
|
|
Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters.
|
|
Obsoleted by L<B<dhparam>|dhparam(1)>.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<gendsa>|gendsa(1)>
|
|
|
|
Generation of DSA Parameters.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<genrsa>|genrsa(1)>
|
|
|
|
Generation of RSA Parameters.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<passwd>|passwd(1)>
|
|
|
|
Generation of hashed passwords.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<pkcs12>|pkcs12(1)>
|
|
|
|
PKCS#12 Data Management.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<pkcs7>|pkcs7(1)>
|
|
|
|
PKCS#7 Data Management.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<rand>|rand(1)>
|
|
|
|
Generate pseudo-random bytes.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<req>|req(1)>
|
|
|
|
X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<rsa>|rsa(1)>
|
|
|
|
RSA Data Management.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<rsautl>|rsautl(1)>
|
|
|
|
RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<s_client>|s_client(1)>
|
|
|
|
This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent
|
|
connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing
|
|
purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but
|
|
internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL B<ssl> library.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<s_server>|s_server(1)>
|
|
|
|
This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from remote
|
|
clients speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides
|
|
only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all
|
|
functionality of the OpenSSL B<ssl> library. It provides both an own command
|
|
line oriented protocol for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP response
|
|
facility to emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<s_time>|s_time(1)>
|
|
|
|
SSL Connection Timer.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<sess_id>|sess_id(1)>
|
|
|
|
SSL Session Data Management.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<smime>|smime(1)>
|
|
|
|
S/MIME mail processing.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<speed>|speed(1)>
|
|
|
|
Algorithm Speed Measurement.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<verify>|verify(1)>
|
|
|
|
X.509 Certificate Verification.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<version>|version(1)>
|
|
|
|
OpenSSL Version Information.
|
|
|
|
=item L<B<x509>|x509(1)>
|
|
|
|
X.509 Certificate Data Management.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head2 MESSAGE DIGEST COMMANDS
|
|
|
|
=over 10
|
|
|
|
=item B<md2>
|
|
|
|
MD2 Digest
|
|
|
|
=item B<md5>
|
|
|
|
MD5 Digest
|
|
|
|
=item B<mdc2>
|
|
|
|
MDC2 Digest
|
|
|
|
=item B<rmd160>
|
|
|
|
RMD-160 Digest
|
|
|
|
=item B<sha>
|
|
|
|
SHA Digest
|
|
|
|
=item B<sha1>
|
|
|
|
SHA-1 Digest
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head2 ENCODING AND CIPHER COMMANDS
|
|
|
|
=over 10
|
|
|
|
=item B<base64>
|
|
|
|
Base64 Encoding
|
|
|
|
=item B<bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb>
|
|
|
|
Blowfish Cipher
|
|
|
|
=item B<cast cast-cbc>
|
|
|
|
CAST Cipher
|
|
|
|
=item B<cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb cast5-ofb>
|
|
|
|
CAST5 Cipher
|
|
|
|
=item B<des des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb des-ede-ofb des-ofb>
|
|
|
|
DES Cipher
|
|
|
|
=item B<des3 desx des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofb>
|
|
|
|
Triple-DES Cipher
|
|
|
|
=item B<idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb>
|
|
|
|
IDEA Cipher
|
|
|
|
=item B<rc2 rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb>
|
|
|
|
RC2 Cipher
|
|
|
|
=item B<rc4>
|
|
|
|
RC4 Cipher
|
|
|
|
=item B<rc5 rc5-cbc rc5-cfb rc5-ecb rc5-ofb>
|
|
|
|
RC5 Cipher
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS
|
|
|
|
Several commands accept password arguments, typically using B<-passin>
|
|
and B<-passout> for input and output passwords respectively. These allow
|
|
the password to be obtained from a variety of sources. Both of these
|
|
options take a single argument whose format is described below. If no
|
|
password argument is given and a password is required then the user is
|
|
prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the current
|
|
terminal with echoing turned off.
|
|
|
|
=over 10
|
|
|
|
=item B<pass:password>
|
|
|
|
the actual password is B<password>. Since the password is visible
|
|
to utilities (like 'ps' under Unix) this form should only be used
|
|
where security is not important.
|
|
|
|
=item B<env:var>
|
|
|
|
obtain the password from the environment variable B<var>. Since
|
|
the environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms
|
|
(e.g. ps under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with caution.
|
|
|
|
=item B<file:pathname>
|
|
|
|
the first line of B<pathname> is the password. If the same B<pathname>
|
|
argument is supplied to B<-passin> and B<-passout> arguments then the first
|
|
line will be used for the input password and the next line for the output
|
|
password. B<pathname> need not refer to a regular file: it could for example
|
|
refer to a device or named pipe.
|
|
|
|
=item B<fd:number>
|
|
|
|
read the password from the file descriptor B<number>. This can be used to
|
|
send the data via a pipe for example.
|
|
|
|
=item B<stdin>
|
|
|
|
read the password from standard input.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
L<asn1parse(1)|asn1parse(1)>, L<ca(1)|ca(1)>, L<config(5)|config(5)>,
|
|
L<crl(1)|crl(1)>, L<crl2pkcs7(1)|crl2pkcs7(1)>, L<dgst(1)|dgst(1)>,
|
|
L<dhparam(1)|dhparam(1)>, L<dsa(1)|dsa(1)>, L<dsaparam(1)|dsaparam(1)>,
|
|
L<enc(1)|enc(1)>, L<gendsa(1)|gendsa(1)>,
|
|
L<genrsa(1)|genrsa(1)>, L<nseq(1)|nseq(1)>, L<openssl(1)|openssl(1)>,
|
|
L<passwd(1)|passwd(1)>,
|
|
L<pkcs12(1)|pkcs12(1)>, L<pkcs7(1)|pkcs7(1)>, L<pkcs8(1)|pkcs8(1)>,
|
|
L<rand(1)|rand(1)>, L<req(1)|req(1)>, L<rsa(1)|rsa(1)>,
|
|
L<rsautl(1)|rsautl(1)>, L<s_client(1)|s_client(1)>,
|
|
L<s_server(1)|s_server(1)>, L<smime(1)|smime(1)>, L<spkac(1)|spkac(1)>,
|
|
L<verify(1)|verify(1)>, L<version(1)|version(1)>, L<x509(1)|x509(1)>,
|
|
L<crypto(3)|crypto(3)>, L<ssl(3)|ssl(3)>
|
|
|
|
=head1 HISTORY
|
|
|
|
The openssl(1) document appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.2.
|
|
The B<list->I<XXX>B<-commands> pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 0.9.3;
|
|
the B<no->I<XXX> pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 0.9.5a.
|
|
For notes on the availability of other commands, see their individual
|
|
manual pages.
|
|
|
|
=cut
|