compatibility to libstdc++. Move the implementation into a header for
easier sharing with libc++abi. Merge a number of improvements from that
version. Provide a POD definition for <stdexcept>'s public use to avoid
cast dances. Discussed with Marshall Clow.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/libcxx/trunk@207695 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
