68 lines
2.5 KiB
Plaintext
68 lines
2.5 KiB
Plaintext
_ _ ____ _
|
|
___| | | | _ \| |
|
|
/ __| | | | |_) | |
|
|
| (__| |_| | _ <| |___
|
|
\___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
|
|
|
|
SSL problems
|
|
|
|
First, let's establish that we often refer to TLS and SSL interchangeably as
|
|
SSL here. The current protocol is called TLS, it was called SSL a long time
|
|
ago.
|
|
|
|
There are several known reasons why a connection that involves SSL might
|
|
fail. This is a document that attempts to details the most common ones and
|
|
how to mitigate them.
|
|
|
|
CA certs
|
|
|
|
CA certs are used to digitally verify the server's certificate. You need a
|
|
"ca bundle" for this. See lots of more details on this in the SSLCERTS
|
|
document.
|
|
|
|
CA bundle missing intermediate certificates
|
|
|
|
When using said CA bundle to verify a server cert, you will experience
|
|
problems if your CA cert does not have the certificates for the
|
|
intermediates in the whole trust chain.
|
|
|
|
SSL version
|
|
|
|
Some broken servers fail to support the protocol negotiation properly that
|
|
SSL servers are supposed to handle. This may cause the connection to fail
|
|
completely. Sometimes you may need to explicitly select a SSL version to use
|
|
when connecting to make the connection succeed.
|
|
|
|
An additional complication can be that modern SSL libraries sometimes are
|
|
built with support for older SSL and TLS versions disabled!
|
|
|
|
SSL ciphers
|
|
|
|
Clients give servers a list of ciphers to select from. If the list doesn't
|
|
include any ciphers the server wants/can use, the connection handshake
|
|
fails.
|
|
|
|
curl has recently disabled the user of a whole bunch of seriously insecure
|
|
ciphers from its default set (slightly depending on SSL backend in use).
|
|
|
|
You may have to explicitly provide an alternative list of ciphers for curl
|
|
to use to allow the server to use a WEAK cipher for you.
|
|
|
|
Note that these weak ciphers are identified as flawed. For example, this
|
|
includes symmetric ciphers with less than 128 bit keys and RC4.
|
|
|
|
References:
|
|
|
|
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-popov-tls-prohibiting-rc4-01
|
|
|
|
Allow BEAST
|
|
|
|
BEAST is the name of a TLS 1.0 attack that surfaced 2011. When adding means
|
|
to mitigate this attack, it turned out that some broken servers out there in
|
|
the wild didn't work properly with the BEAST mitigation in place.
|
|
|
|
To make such broken servers work, the --ssl-allow-beast option was
|
|
introduced. Exactly as it sounds, it re-introduces the BEAST vulnerability
|
|
but on the other hand it allows curl to connect to that kind of strange
|
|
servers.
|