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<div><h2 class="title">
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<a name="boost_pfr"></a>Chapter 28. Boost.PFR 2.0</h2></div>
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<div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2016-2021 Antony Polukhin</p></div>
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Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
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<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
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<dl class="toc">
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_pfr.html#boost_pfr.intro">Intro</a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_pfr/short_examples_for_the_impatient.html">Short Examples
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for the Impatient</a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_pfr/tutorial.html">Tutorial</a></span></dt>
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<dd><dl>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_pfr/tutorial.html#boost_pfr.tutorial.why_tuples_are_bad_and_aggregate">Why
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tuples are bad and aggregates are more preferable?</a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_pfr/tutorial.html#boost_pfr.tutorial.accessing_structure_member_by_in">Accessing
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structure member by index</a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_pfr/tutorial.html#boost_pfr.tutorial.custom_printing_of_aggregates">Custom
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printing of aggregates</a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_pfr/tutorial.html#boost_pfr.tutorial.three_ways_of_getting_operators">Three
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ways of getting operators </a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_pfr/tutorial.html#boost_pfr.tutorial.reflection_of_unions">Reflection of
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unions </a></span></dt>
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</dl></dd>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_pfr/limitations_and_configuration.html">Limitations and
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||
Configuration</a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_pfr/how_it_works.html">How it works</a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_pfr/acknowledgements.html">Acknowledgements</a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="reference_section.html">Reference Section</a></span></dt>
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<dd><dl>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="reference_section.html#header.boost.pfr_hpp">Header <boost/pfr.hpp></a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="reference_section.html#header.boost.pfr.core_hpp">Header <boost/pfr/core.hpp></a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="reference_section.html#header.boost.pfr.functions_for_hpp">Header <boost/pfr/functions_for.hpp></a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="reference_section.html#header.boost.pfr.functors_hpp">Header <boost/pfr/functors.hpp></a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="reference_section.html#header.boost.pfr.io_hpp">Header <boost/pfr/io.hpp></a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="reference_section.html#header.boost.pfr.io_fields_hpp">Header <boost/pfr/io_fields.hpp></a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="reference_section.html#header.boost.pfr.ops_hpp">Header <boost/pfr/ops.hpp></a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="reference_section.html#header.boost.pfr.ops_fields_hpp">Header <boost/pfr/ops_fields.hpp></a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="reference_section.html#header.boost.pfr.tuple_size_hpp">Header <boost/pfr/tuple_size.hpp></a></span></dt>
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</dl></dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<div class="section">
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
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<a name="boost_pfr.intro"></a><a class="link" href="boost_pfr.html#boost_pfr.intro" title="Intro">Intro</a>
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</h2></div></div></div>
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<p>
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Boost.PFR is a C++14 library for a very basic reflection. It gives you access
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to structure elements by index and provides other <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">tuple</span></code> like
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methods for user defined types without macro or boilerplate code:
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</p>
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<pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">iostream</span><span class="special">></span>
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<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">string</span><span class="special">></span>
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<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="string">"boost/pfr.hpp"</span>
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<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">some_person</span> <span class="special">{</span>
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<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span> <span class="identifier">name</span><span class="special">;</span>
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<span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="identifier">birth_year</span><span class="special">;</span>
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<span class="special">};</span>
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<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">main</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">{</span>
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<span class="identifier">some_person</span> <span class="identifier">val</span><span class="special">{</span><span class="string">"Edgar Allan Poe"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">1809</span><span class="special">};</span>
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<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">pfr</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">get</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="special">>(</span><span class="identifier">val</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="comment">// No macro!</span>
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<span class="special"><<</span> <span class="string">" was born in "</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">pfr</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">get</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">>(</span><span class="identifier">val</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// Works with any aggregate initializables!</span>
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<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special"><<</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">pfr</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">io</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">val</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// Outputs: {"Edgar Allan Poe", 1809}</span>
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<span class="special">}</span>
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</pre>
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<p>
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See <a class="link" href="boost_pfr/limitations_and_configuration.html" title="Limitations and Configuration"><span class="bold"><strong>limitations</strong></span></a>.
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</p>
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<h3>
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<a name="boost_pfr.intro.h0"></a>
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<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_pfr.intro.usecase_example"></a></span><a class="link" href="boost_pfr.html#boost_pfr.intro.usecase_example">Usecase
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example</a>
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</h3>
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<p>
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Imagine that you are writing the wrapper library for a database. Depending
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on the usage of Boost.PFR users code will look differently:
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</p>
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<div class="informaltable">
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<a name="boost_pfr.intro.hand_made_vs_pfr_1"></a><table class="table">
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<colgroup>
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<col>
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<col>
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</colgroup>
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<thead><tr>
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<th>
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<p>
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Without Boost.PFR
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</p>
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</th>
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<th>
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<p>
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With Boost.PFR
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</p>
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</th>
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</tr></thead>
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<tbody><tr>
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<td>
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<pre xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" class="table-programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">db</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">api</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
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<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">user_info</span> <span class="special">{</span>
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<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">int64_t</span> <span class="identifier">id</span><span class="special">;</span>
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<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span> <span class="identifier">name</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">email</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">login</span><span class="special">;</span>
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<span class="special">};</span>
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<span class="identifier">user_info</span> <span class="identifier">retrieve_friend</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string_view</span> <span class="identifier">name</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span>
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<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">tuple</span> <span class="identifier">info_tuple</span>
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<span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">db</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">one_row_as</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">int64_t</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span><span class="special">>(</span>
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||
<span class="string">"SELECT id, name, email, login FROM user_infos WHERE name=$0"</span><span class="special">,</span>
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<span class="identifier">name</span>
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<span class="special">);</span>
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<span class="comment">////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////</span>
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<span class="identifier">user_info</span> <span class="identifier">info</span> <span class="special">{</span>
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<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">move</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">get</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="special">>(</span><span class="identifier">info_tuple</span><span class="special">)),</span>
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||
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">move</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">get</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">>(</span><span class="identifier">info_tuple</span><span class="special">)),</span>
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||
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">move</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">get</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">>(</span><span class="identifier">info_tuple</span><span class="special">)),</span>
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<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">move</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">get</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">>(</span><span class="identifier">info_tuple</span><span class="special">)),</span>
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<span class="special">}</span>
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<span class="comment">////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////</span>
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<span class="keyword">auto</span> <span class="identifier">friend_info</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">ask_user_for_friend</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">move</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">info</span><span class="special">));</span>
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<span class="identifier">db</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">insert</span><span class="special">(</span>
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<span class="string">"INSERT INTO user_infos(id, name, email, login) VALUES ($0, $1, $2, $3)"</span><span class="special">,</span>
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||
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">move</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">friend_info</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">id</span><span class="special">),</span> <span class="comment">//////////////////////////////////////////////</span>
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||
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">move</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">friend_info</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">name</span><span class="special">),</span> <span class="comment">// Users are forced to move individual fields</span>
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||
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">move</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">friend_info</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">email</span><span class="special">),</span> <span class="comment">// because your library can not iterate over</span>
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<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">move</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">friend_info</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">login</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="comment">// the fields of a user provided structure</span>
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<span class="special">);</span>
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<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">friend_info</span><span class="special">;</span>
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||
<span class="special">}</span>
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</pre>
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</td>
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<td>
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<pre xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" class="table-programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">db</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">api</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">user_info</span> <span class="special">{</span>
|
||
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">int64_t</span> <span class="identifier">id</span><span class="special">;</span>
|
||
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span> <span class="identifier">name</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">email</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">login</span><span class="special">;</span>
|
||
<span class="special">};</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="identifier">user_info</span> <span class="identifier">retrieve_friend</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string_view</span> <span class="identifier">name</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span>
|
||
<span class="comment">// With Boost.PFR you can put data directly into user provided structures</span>
|
||
<span class="identifier">user_info</span> <span class="identifier">info</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">db</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">one_row_as</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">user_info</span><span class="special">>(</span>
|
||
<span class="string">"SELECT id, name, email, login FROM user_infos WHERE name=$0"</span><span class="special">,</span>
|
||
<span class="identifier">name</span>
|
||
<span class="special">);</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="comment">////////////////// No boilerplate code to move data around /////////////////////</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="comment">////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="keyword">auto</span> <span class="identifier">friend_info</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">ask_user_for_friend</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">move</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">info</span><span class="special">));</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="identifier">db</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">insert</span><span class="special">(</span>
|
||
<span class="string">"INSERT INTO user_infos(id, name, email, login) VALUES ($0, $1, $2, $3)"</span><span class="special">,</span>
|
||
<span class="identifier">friend_info</span> <span class="comment">////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////</span>
|
||
<span class="comment">// Boost.PFR allows you to iterate over all the fields of a</span>
|
||
<span class="comment">// user provided structure</span>
|
||
<span class="comment">//</span>
|
||
<span class="special">);</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">friend_info</span><span class="special">;</span>
|
||
<span class="special">}</span>
|
||
</pre>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr></tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Otherwise your library could require a customization point for a user type:
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div class="informaltable">
|
||
<a name="boost_pfr.intro.hand_made_vs_pfr_2"></a><table class="table">
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
<col>
|
||
<col>
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
<thead><tr>
|
||
<th>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Without Boost.PFR
|
||
</p>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th>
|
||
<p>
|
||
With Boost.PFR
|
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</p>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr></thead>
|
||
<tbody><tr>
|
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<td>
|
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<pre xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" class="table-programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">db</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">api</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">user_info</span> <span class="special">{</span>
|
||
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">int64_t</span> <span class="identifier">id</span><span class="special">;</span>
|
||
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span> <span class="identifier">name</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">email</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">login</span><span class="special">;</span>
|
||
<span class="special">};</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="comment">/// Customizations via hand-written code or macro like BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT ///</span>
|
||
<span class="keyword">auto</span> <span class="identifier">db_api_tie</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">user_info</span><span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">ui</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">noexcept</span> <span class="special">{</span>
|
||
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">tie</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">ui</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">id</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">ui</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">name</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">ui</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">email</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">ui</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">login</span><span class="special">);</span>
|
||
<span class="special">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="keyword">auto</span> <span class="identifier">db_api_tie</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">user_info</span><span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">ui</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">noexcept</span> <span class="special">{</span>
|
||
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">tie</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">ui</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">id</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">ui</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">name</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">ui</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">email</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">ui</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">login</span><span class="special">);</span>
|
||
<span class="special">}</span>
|
||
<span class="comment">////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////</span>
|
||
</pre>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<pre xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" class="table-programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">db</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">api</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">user_info</span> <span class="special">{</span>
|
||
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">int64_t</span> <span class="identifier">id</span><span class="special">;</span>
|
||
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span> <span class="identifier">name</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">email</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">login</span><span class="special">;</span>
|
||
<span class="special">};</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="comment">//////// With Boost.PFR there's no need in hand written customizations /////////////</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="comment">////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////</span>
|
||
</pre>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr></tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>
|
||
With Boost.PFR the code is shorter, more readable and more pleasant to write.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<a name="boost_pfr.intro.h1"></a>
|
||
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_pfr.intro.out_of_the_box_functionality"></a></span><a class="link" href="boost_pfr.html#boost_pfr.intro.out_of_the_box_functionality">Out
|
||
of the box functionality </a>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Boost.PFR adds the following out-of-the-box functionality for aggregate initializable
|
||
structures:
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
|
||
<li class="listitem">
|
||
comparison functions
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="listitem">
|
||
heterogeneous comparators
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="listitem">
|
||
hash
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="listitem">
|
||
IO streaming
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="listitem">
|
||
access to members by index
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="listitem">
|
||
member type retrieval
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="listitem">
|
||
methods for cooperation with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">tuple</span></code>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="listitem">
|
||
methods to visit each field of the structure
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul></div>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Boost.PFR is a header only library that does not depend on Boost. You can just
|
||
copy the content of the "include" folder <a href="https://github.com/boostorg/pfr" target="_top">from
|
||
the github</a> into your project, and the library will work fine.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div class="caution"><table border="0" summary="Caution">
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Caution]" src="../../doc/src/images/caution.png"></td>
|
||
<th align="left">Caution</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>
|
||
Recommended C++ Standards are C++17 and above. Library requires at least
|
||
C++14! Pre C++14 compilers (C++11, C++03...) are not supported
|
||
</p></td></tr>
|
||
</table></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
|
||
<td align="left"><p><small>Last revised: April 13, 2021 at 16:32:32 GMT</small></p></td>
|
||
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"></div></td>
|
||
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|
||
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