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The Android Open Source Project
2009-03-03 19:28:35 -08:00
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104
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/* @(#)e_acos.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_acos.c,v 1.10 2005/02/04 18:26:05 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_acos(x)
* Method :
* acos(x) = pi/2 - asin(x)
* acos(-x) = pi/2 + asin(x)
* For |x|<=0.5
* acos(x) = pi/2 - (x + x*x^2*R(x^2)) (see asin.c)
* For x>0.5
* acos(x) = pi/2 - (pi/2 - 2asin(sqrt((1-x)/2)))
* = 2asin(sqrt((1-x)/2))
* = 2s + 2s*z*R(z) ...z=(1-x)/2, s=sqrt(z)
* = 2f + (2c + 2s*z*R(z))
* where f=hi part of s, and c = (z-f*f)/(s+f) is the correction term
* for f so that f+c ~ sqrt(z).
* For x<-0.5
* acos(x) = pi - 2asin(sqrt((1-|x|)/2))
* = pi - 0.5*(s+s*z*R(z)), where z=(1-|x|)/2,s=sqrt(z)
*
* Special cases:
* if x is NaN, return x itself;
* if |x|>1, return NaN with invalid signal.
*
* Function needed: sqrt
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
one= 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
pi = 3.14159265358979311600e+00, /* 0x400921FB, 0x54442D18 */
pio2_hi = 1.57079632679489655800e+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x54442D18 */
pio2_lo = 6.12323399573676603587e-17, /* 0x3C91A626, 0x33145C07 */
pS0 = 1.66666666666666657415e-01, /* 0x3FC55555, 0x55555555 */
pS1 = -3.25565818622400915405e-01, /* 0xBFD4D612, 0x03EB6F7D */
pS2 = 2.01212532134862925881e-01, /* 0x3FC9C155, 0x0E884455 */
pS3 = -4.00555345006794114027e-02, /* 0xBFA48228, 0xB5688F3B */
pS4 = 7.91534994289814532176e-04, /* 0x3F49EFE0, 0x7501B288 */
pS5 = 3.47933107596021167570e-05, /* 0x3F023DE1, 0x0DFDF709 */
qS1 = -2.40339491173441421878e+00, /* 0xC0033A27, 0x1C8A2D4B */
qS2 = 2.02094576023350569471e+00, /* 0x40002AE5, 0x9C598AC8 */
qS3 = -6.88283971605453293030e-01, /* 0xBFE6066C, 0x1B8D0159 */
qS4 = 7.70381505559019352791e-02; /* 0x3FB3B8C5, 0xB12E9282 */
double
__ieee754_acos(double x)
{
double z,p,q,r,w,s,c,df;
int32_t hx,ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x3ff00000) { /* |x| >= 1 */
u_int32_t lx;
GET_LOW_WORD(lx,x);
if(((ix-0x3ff00000)|lx)==0) { /* |x|==1 */
if(hx>0) return 0.0; /* acos(1) = 0 */
else return pi+2.0*pio2_lo; /* acos(-1)= pi */
}
return (x-x)/(x-x); /* acos(|x|>1) is NaN */
}
if(ix<0x3fe00000) { /* |x| < 0.5 */
if(ix<=0x3c600000) return pio2_hi+pio2_lo;/*if|x|<2**-57*/
z = x*x;
p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5)))));
q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4)));
r = p/q;
return pio2_hi - (x - (pio2_lo-x*r));
} else if (hx<0) { /* x < -0.5 */
z = (one+x)*0.5;
p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5)))));
q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4)));
s = sqrt(z);
r = p/q;
w = r*s-pio2_lo;
return pi - 2.0*(s+w);
} else { /* x > 0.5 */
z = (one-x)*0.5;
s = sqrt(z);
df = s;
SET_LOW_WORD(df,0);
c = (z-df*df)/(s+df);
p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5)))));
q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4)));
r = p/q;
w = r*s+c;
return 2.0*(df+w);
}
}

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/* e_acosf.c -- float version of e_acos.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_acosf.c,v 1.7 2002/05/28 17:03:12 alfred Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float
one = 1.0000000000e+00, /* 0x3F800000 */
pi = 3.1415925026e+00, /* 0x40490fda */
pio2_hi = 1.5707962513e+00, /* 0x3fc90fda */
pio2_lo = 7.5497894159e-08, /* 0x33a22168 */
pS0 = 1.6666667163e-01, /* 0x3e2aaaab */
pS1 = -3.2556581497e-01, /* 0xbea6b090 */
pS2 = 2.0121252537e-01, /* 0x3e4e0aa8 */
pS3 = -4.0055535734e-02, /* 0xbd241146 */
pS4 = 7.9153501429e-04, /* 0x3a4f7f04 */
pS5 = 3.4793309169e-05, /* 0x3811ef08 */
qS1 = -2.4033949375e+00, /* 0xc019d139 */
qS2 = 2.0209457874e+00, /* 0x4001572d */
qS3 = -6.8828397989e-01, /* 0xbf303361 */
qS4 = 7.7038154006e-02; /* 0x3d9dc62e */
float
__ieee754_acosf(float x)
{
float z,p,q,r,w,s,c,df;
int32_t hx,ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix==0x3f800000) { /* |x|==1 */
if(hx>0) return 0.0; /* acos(1) = 0 */
else return pi+(float)2.0*pio2_lo; /* acos(-1)= pi */
} else if(ix>0x3f800000) { /* |x| >= 1 */
return (x-x)/(x-x); /* acos(|x|>1) is NaN */
}
if(ix<0x3f000000) { /* |x| < 0.5 */
if(ix<=0x23000000) return pio2_hi+pio2_lo;/*if|x|<2**-57*/
z = x*x;
p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5)))));
q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4)));
r = p/q;
return pio2_hi - (x - (pio2_lo-x*r));
} else if (hx<0) { /* x < -0.5 */
z = (one+x)*(float)0.5;
p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5)))));
q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4)));
s = __ieee754_sqrtf(z);
r = p/q;
w = r*s-pio2_lo;
return pi - (float)2.0*(s+w);
} else { /* x > 0.5 */
int32_t idf;
z = (one-x)*(float)0.5;
s = __ieee754_sqrtf(z);
df = s;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(idf,df);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(df,idf&0xfffff000);
c = (z-df*df)/(s+df);
p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5)))));
q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4)));
r = p/q;
w = r*s+c;
return (float)2.0*(df+w);
}
}

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/* @(#)e_acosh.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_acosh.c,v 1.8 2005/02/04 18:26:05 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_acosh(x)
* Method :
* Based on
* acosh(x) = log [ x + sqrt(x*x-1) ]
* we have
* acosh(x) := log(x)+ln2, if x is large; else
* acosh(x) := log(2x-1/(sqrt(x*x-1)+x)) if x>2; else
* acosh(x) := log1p(t+sqrt(2.0*t+t*t)); where t=x-1.
*
* Special cases:
* acosh(x) is NaN with signal if x<1.
* acosh(NaN) is NaN without signal.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
one = 1.0,
ln2 = 6.93147180559945286227e-01; /* 0x3FE62E42, 0xFEFA39EF */
double
__ieee754_acosh(double x)
{
double t;
int32_t hx;
u_int32_t lx;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
if(hx<0x3ff00000) { /* x < 1 */
return (x-x)/(x-x);
} else if(hx >=0x41b00000) { /* x > 2**28 */
if(hx >=0x7ff00000) { /* x is inf of NaN */
return x+x;
} else
return __ieee754_log(x)+ln2; /* acosh(huge)=log(2x) */
} else if(((hx-0x3ff00000)|lx)==0) {
return 0.0; /* acosh(1) = 0 */
} else if (hx > 0x40000000) { /* 2**28 > x > 2 */
t=x*x;
return __ieee754_log(2.0*x-one/(x+sqrt(t-one)));
} else { /* 1<x<2 */
t = x-one;
return log1p(t+sqrt(2.0*t+t*t));
}
}

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/* e_acoshf.c -- float version of e_acosh.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_acoshf.c,v 1.7 2002/05/28 17:03:12 alfred Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float
one = 1.0,
ln2 = 6.9314718246e-01; /* 0x3f317218 */
float
__ieee754_acoshf(float x)
{
float t;
int32_t hx;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
if(hx<0x3f800000) { /* x < 1 */
return (x-x)/(x-x);
} else if(hx >=0x4d800000) { /* x > 2**28 */
if(hx >=0x7f800000) { /* x is inf of NaN */
return x+x;
} else
return __ieee754_logf(x)+ln2; /* acosh(huge)=log(2x) */
} else if (hx==0x3f800000) {
return 0.0; /* acosh(1) = 0 */
} else if (hx > 0x40000000) { /* 2**28 > x > 2 */
t=x*x;
return __ieee754_logf((float)2.0*x-one/(x+__ieee754_sqrtf(t-one)));
} else { /* 1<x<2 */
t = x-one;
return log1pf(t+__ieee754_sqrtf((float)2.0*t+t*t));
}
}

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/* @(#)e_asin.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_asin.c,v 1.11 2005/02/04 18:26:05 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_asin(x)
* Method :
* Since asin(x) = x + x^3/6 + x^5*3/40 + x^7*15/336 + ...
* we approximate asin(x) on [0,0.5] by
* asin(x) = x + x*x^2*R(x^2)
* where
* R(x^2) is a rational approximation of (asin(x)-x)/x^3
* and its remez error is bounded by
* |(asin(x)-x)/x^3 - R(x^2)| < 2^(-58.75)
*
* For x in [0.5,1]
* asin(x) = pi/2-2*asin(sqrt((1-x)/2))
* Let y = (1-x), z = y/2, s := sqrt(z), and pio2_hi+pio2_lo=pi/2;
* then for x>0.98
* asin(x) = pi/2 - 2*(s+s*z*R(z))
* = pio2_hi - (2*(s+s*z*R(z)) - pio2_lo)
* For x<=0.98, let pio4_hi = pio2_hi/2, then
* f = hi part of s;
* c = sqrt(z) - f = (z-f*f)/(s+f) ...f+c=sqrt(z)
* and
* asin(x) = pi/2 - 2*(s+s*z*R(z))
* = pio4_hi+(pio4-2s)-(2s*z*R(z)-pio2_lo)
* = pio4_hi+(pio4-2f)-(2s*z*R(z)-(pio2_lo+2c))
*
* Special cases:
* if x is NaN, return x itself;
* if |x|>1, return NaN with invalid signal.
*
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
one = 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
huge = 1.000e+300,
pio2_hi = 1.57079632679489655800e+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x54442D18 */
pio2_lo = 6.12323399573676603587e-17, /* 0x3C91A626, 0x33145C07 */
pio4_hi = 7.85398163397448278999e-01, /* 0x3FE921FB, 0x54442D18 */
/* coefficient for R(x^2) */
pS0 = 1.66666666666666657415e-01, /* 0x3FC55555, 0x55555555 */
pS1 = -3.25565818622400915405e-01, /* 0xBFD4D612, 0x03EB6F7D */
pS2 = 2.01212532134862925881e-01, /* 0x3FC9C155, 0x0E884455 */
pS3 = -4.00555345006794114027e-02, /* 0xBFA48228, 0xB5688F3B */
pS4 = 7.91534994289814532176e-04, /* 0x3F49EFE0, 0x7501B288 */
pS5 = 3.47933107596021167570e-05, /* 0x3F023DE1, 0x0DFDF709 */
qS1 = -2.40339491173441421878e+00, /* 0xC0033A27, 0x1C8A2D4B */
qS2 = 2.02094576023350569471e+00, /* 0x40002AE5, 0x9C598AC8 */
qS3 = -6.88283971605453293030e-01, /* 0xBFE6066C, 0x1B8D0159 */
qS4 = 7.70381505559019352791e-02; /* 0x3FB3B8C5, 0xB12E9282 */
double
__ieee754_asin(double x)
{
double t=0.0,w,p,q,c,r,s;
int32_t hx,ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>= 0x3ff00000) { /* |x|>= 1 */
u_int32_t lx;
GET_LOW_WORD(lx,x);
if(((ix-0x3ff00000)|lx)==0)
/* asin(1)=+-pi/2 with inexact */
return x*pio2_hi+x*pio2_lo;
return (x-x)/(x-x); /* asin(|x|>1) is NaN */
} else if (ix<0x3fe00000) { /* |x|<0.5 */
if(ix<0x3e400000) { /* if |x| < 2**-27 */
if(huge+x>one) return x;/* return x with inexact if x!=0*/
} else
t = x*x;
p = t*(pS0+t*(pS1+t*(pS2+t*(pS3+t*(pS4+t*pS5)))));
q = one+t*(qS1+t*(qS2+t*(qS3+t*qS4)));
w = p/q;
return x+x*w;
}
/* 1> |x|>= 0.5 */
w = one-fabs(x);
t = w*0.5;
p = t*(pS0+t*(pS1+t*(pS2+t*(pS3+t*(pS4+t*pS5)))));
q = one+t*(qS1+t*(qS2+t*(qS3+t*qS4)));
s = sqrt(t);
if(ix>=0x3FEF3333) { /* if |x| > 0.975 */
w = p/q;
t = pio2_hi-(2.0*(s+s*w)-pio2_lo);
} else {
w = s;
SET_LOW_WORD(w,0);
c = (t-w*w)/(s+w);
r = p/q;
p = 2.0*s*r-(pio2_lo-2.0*c);
q = pio4_hi-2.0*w;
t = pio4_hi-(p-q);
}
if(hx>0) return t; else return -t;
}

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/* e_asinf.c -- float version of e_asin.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_asinf.c,v 1.9 2005/12/04 13:52:46 bde Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float
one = 1.0000000000e+00, /* 0x3F800000 */
huge = 1.000e+30,
pio2_hi = 1.5707962513e+00, /* 0x3fc90fda */
pio2_lo = 7.5497894159e-08, /* 0x33a22168 */
pio4_hi = 7.8539812565e-01, /* 0x3f490fda */
/* coefficient for R(x^2) */
pS0 = 1.6666667163e-01, /* 0x3e2aaaab */
pS1 = -3.2556581497e-01, /* 0xbea6b090 */
pS2 = 2.0121252537e-01, /* 0x3e4e0aa8 */
pS3 = -4.0055535734e-02, /* 0xbd241146 */
pS4 = 7.9153501429e-04, /* 0x3a4f7f04 */
pS5 = 3.4793309169e-05, /* 0x3811ef08 */
qS1 = -2.4033949375e+00, /* 0xc019d139 */
qS2 = 2.0209457874e+00, /* 0x4001572d */
qS3 = -6.8828397989e-01, /* 0xbf303361 */
qS4 = 7.7038154006e-02; /* 0x3d9dc62e */
float
__ieee754_asinf(float x)
{
float t=0.0,w,p,q,c,r,s;
int32_t hx,ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix==0x3f800000) {
/* asin(1)=+-pi/2 with inexact */
return x*pio2_hi+x*pio2_lo;
} else if(ix> 0x3f800000) { /* |x|>= 1 */
return (x-x)/(x-x); /* asin(|x|>1) is NaN */
} else if (ix<0x3f000000) { /* |x|<0.5 */
if(ix<0x32000000) { /* if |x| < 2**-27 */
if(huge+x>one) return x;/* return x with inexact if x!=0*/
} else
t = x*x;
p = t*(pS0+t*(pS1+t*(pS2+t*(pS3+t*(pS4+t*pS5)))));
q = one+t*(qS1+t*(qS2+t*(qS3+t*qS4)));
w = p/q;
return x+x*w;
}
/* 1> |x|>= 0.5 */
w = one-fabsf(x);
t = w*(float)0.5;
p = t*(pS0+t*(pS1+t*(pS2+t*(pS3+t*(pS4+t*pS5)))));
q = one+t*(qS1+t*(qS2+t*(qS3+t*qS4)));
s = __ieee754_sqrtf(t);
if(ix>=0x3F79999A) { /* if |x| > 0.975 */
w = p/q;
t = pio2_hi-((float)2.0*(s+s*w)-pio2_lo);
} else {
int32_t iw;
w = s;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(iw,w);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(w,iw&0xfffff000);
c = (t-w*w)/(s+w);
r = p/q;
p = (float)2.0*s*r-(pio2_lo-(float)2.0*c);
q = pio4_hi-(float)2.0*w;
t = pio4_hi-(p-q);
}
if(hx>0) return t; else return -t;
}

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/* @(#)e_atan2.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_atan2.c,v 1.10 2005/02/04 18:26:05 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_atan2(y,x)
* Method :
* 1. Reduce y to positive by atan2(y,x)=-atan2(-y,x).
* 2. Reduce x to positive by (if x and y are unexceptional):
* ARG (x+iy) = arctan(y/x) ... if x > 0,
* ARG (x+iy) = pi - arctan[y/(-x)] ... if x < 0,
*
* Special cases:
*
* ATAN2((anything), NaN ) is NaN;
* ATAN2(NAN , (anything) ) is NaN;
* ATAN2(+-0, +(anything but NaN)) is +-0 ;
* ATAN2(+-0, -(anything but NaN)) is +-pi ;
* ATAN2(+-(anything but 0 and NaN), 0) is +-pi/2;
* ATAN2(+-(anything but INF and NaN), +INF) is +-0 ;
* ATAN2(+-(anything but INF and NaN), -INF) is +-pi;
* ATAN2(+-INF,+INF ) is +-pi/4 ;
* ATAN2(+-INF,-INF ) is +-3pi/4;
* ATAN2(+-INF, (anything but,0,NaN, and INF)) is +-pi/2;
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
tiny = 1.0e-300,
zero = 0.0,
pi_o_4 = 7.8539816339744827900E-01, /* 0x3FE921FB, 0x54442D18 */
pi_o_2 = 1.5707963267948965580E+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x54442D18 */
pi = 3.1415926535897931160E+00, /* 0x400921FB, 0x54442D18 */
pi_lo = 1.2246467991473531772E-16; /* 0x3CA1A626, 0x33145C07 */
double
__ieee754_atan2(double y, double x)
{
double z;
int32_t k,m,hx,hy,ix,iy;
u_int32_t lx,ly;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hy,ly,y);
iy = hy&0x7fffffff;
if(((ix|((lx|-lx)>>31))>0x7ff00000)||
((iy|((ly|-ly)>>31))>0x7ff00000)) /* x or y is NaN */
return x+y;
if((hx-0x3ff00000|lx)==0) return atan(y); /* x=1.0 */
m = ((hy>>31)&1)|((hx>>30)&2); /* 2*sign(x)+sign(y) */
/* when y = 0 */
if((iy|ly)==0) {
switch(m) {
case 0:
case 1: return y; /* atan(+-0,+anything)=+-0 */
case 2: return pi+tiny;/* atan(+0,-anything) = pi */
case 3: return -pi-tiny;/* atan(-0,-anything) =-pi */
}
}
/* when x = 0 */
if((ix|lx)==0) return (hy<0)? -pi_o_2-tiny: pi_o_2+tiny;
/* when x is INF */
if(ix==0x7ff00000) {
if(iy==0x7ff00000) {
switch(m) {
case 0: return pi_o_4+tiny;/* atan(+INF,+INF) */
case 1: return -pi_o_4-tiny;/* atan(-INF,+INF) */
case 2: return 3.0*pi_o_4+tiny;/*atan(+INF,-INF)*/
case 3: return -3.0*pi_o_4-tiny;/*atan(-INF,-INF)*/
}
} else {
switch(m) {
case 0: return zero ; /* atan(+...,+INF) */
case 1: return -zero ; /* atan(-...,+INF) */
case 2: return pi+tiny ; /* atan(+...,-INF) */
case 3: return -pi-tiny ; /* atan(-...,-INF) */
}
}
}
/* when y is INF */
if(iy==0x7ff00000) return (hy<0)? -pi_o_2-tiny: pi_o_2+tiny;
/* compute y/x */
k = (iy-ix)>>20;
if(k > 60) z=pi_o_2+0.5*pi_lo; /* |y/x| > 2**60 */
else if(hx<0&&k<-60) z=0.0; /* |y|/x < -2**60 */
else z=atan(fabs(y/x)); /* safe to do y/x */
switch (m) {
case 0: return z ; /* atan(+,+) */
case 1: {
u_int32_t zh;
GET_HIGH_WORD(zh,z);
SET_HIGH_WORD(z,zh ^ 0x80000000);
}
return z ; /* atan(-,+) */
case 2: return pi-(z-pi_lo);/* atan(+,-) */
default: /* case 3 */
return (z-pi_lo)-pi;/* atan(-,-) */
}
}

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/* e_atan2f.c -- float version of e_atan2.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_atan2f.c,v 1.7 2004/06/02 17:09:05 bde Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float
tiny = 1.0e-30,
zero = 0.0,
pi_o_4 = 7.8539818525e-01, /* 0x3f490fdb */
pi_o_2 = 1.5707963705e+00, /* 0x3fc90fdb */
pi = 3.1415927410e+00, /* 0x40490fdb */
pi_lo = -8.7422776573e-08; /* 0xb3bbbd2e */
float
__ieee754_atan2f(float y, float x)
{
float z;
int32_t k,m,hx,hy,ix,iy;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hy,y);
iy = hy&0x7fffffff;
if((ix>0x7f800000)||
(iy>0x7f800000)) /* x or y is NaN */
return x+y;
if(hx==0x3f800000) return atanf(y); /* x=1.0 */
m = ((hy>>31)&1)|((hx>>30)&2); /* 2*sign(x)+sign(y) */
/* when y = 0 */
if(iy==0) {
switch(m) {
case 0:
case 1: return y; /* atan(+-0,+anything)=+-0 */
case 2: return pi+tiny;/* atan(+0,-anything) = pi */
case 3: return -pi-tiny;/* atan(-0,-anything) =-pi */
}
}
/* when x = 0 */
if(ix==0) return (hy<0)? -pi_o_2-tiny: pi_o_2+tiny;
/* when x is INF */
if(ix==0x7f800000) {
if(iy==0x7f800000) {
switch(m) {
case 0: return pi_o_4+tiny;/* atan(+INF,+INF) */
case 1: return -pi_o_4-tiny;/* atan(-INF,+INF) */
case 2: return (float)3.0*pi_o_4+tiny;/*atan(+INF,-INF)*/
case 3: return (float)-3.0*pi_o_4-tiny;/*atan(-INF,-INF)*/
}
} else {
switch(m) {
case 0: return zero ; /* atan(+...,+INF) */
case 1: return -zero ; /* atan(-...,+INF) */
case 2: return pi+tiny ; /* atan(+...,-INF) */
case 3: return -pi-tiny ; /* atan(-...,-INF) */
}
}
}
/* when y is INF */
if(iy==0x7f800000) return (hy<0)? -pi_o_2-tiny: pi_o_2+tiny;
/* compute y/x */
k = (iy-ix)>>23;
if(k > 60) z=pi_o_2+(float)0.5*pi_lo; /* |y/x| > 2**60 */
else if(hx<0&&k<-60) z=0.0; /* |y|/x < -2**60 */
else z=atanf(fabsf(y/x)); /* safe to do y/x */
switch (m) {
case 0: return z ; /* atan(+,+) */
case 1: {
u_int32_t zh;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(zh,z);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(z,zh ^ 0x80000000);
}
return z ; /* atan(-,+) */
case 2: return pi-(z-pi_lo);/* atan(+,-) */
default: /* case 3 */
return (z-pi_lo)-pi;/* atan(-,-) */
}
}

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/* @(#)e_atanh.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_atanh.c,v 1.7 2005/02/04 18:26:05 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_atanh(x)
* Method :
* 1.Reduced x to positive by atanh(-x) = -atanh(x)
* 2.For x>=0.5
* 1 2x x
* atanh(x) = --- * log(1 + -------) = 0.5 * log1p(2 * --------)
* 2 1 - x 1 - x
*
* For x<0.5
* atanh(x) = 0.5*log1p(2x+2x*x/(1-x))
*
* Special cases:
* atanh(x) is NaN if |x| > 1 with signal;
* atanh(NaN) is that NaN with no signal;
* atanh(+-1) is +-INF with signal.
*
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double one = 1.0, huge = 1e300;
static const double zero = 0.0;
double
__ieee754_atanh(double x)
{
double t;
int32_t hx,ix;
u_int32_t lx;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if ((ix|((lx|(-lx))>>31))>0x3ff00000) /* |x|>1 */
return (x-x)/(x-x);
if(ix==0x3ff00000)
return x/zero;
if(ix<0x3e300000&&(huge+x)>zero) return x; /* x<2**-28 */
SET_HIGH_WORD(x,ix);
if(ix<0x3fe00000) { /* x < 0.5 */
t = x+x;
t = 0.5*log1p(t+t*x/(one-x));
} else
t = 0.5*log1p((x+x)/(one-x));
if(hx>=0) return t; else return -t;
}

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/* e_atanhf.c -- float version of e_atanh.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_atanhf.c,v 1.6 2002/05/28 17:03:12 alfred Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float one = 1.0, huge = 1e30;
static const float zero = 0.0;
float
__ieee754_atanhf(float x)
{
float t;
int32_t hx,ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if (ix>0x3f800000) /* |x|>1 */
return (x-x)/(x-x);
if(ix==0x3f800000)
return x/zero;
if(ix<0x31800000&&(huge+x)>zero) return x; /* x<2**-28 */
SET_FLOAT_WORD(x,ix);
if(ix<0x3f000000) { /* x < 0.5 */
t = x+x;
t = (float)0.5*log1pf(t+t*x/(one-x));
} else
t = (float)0.5*log1pf((x+x)/(one-x));
if(hx>=0) return t; else return -t;
}

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/* @(#)e_cosh.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_cosh.c,v 1.8 2005/02/04 18:26:05 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_cosh(x)
* Method :
* mathematically cosh(x) if defined to be (exp(x)+exp(-x))/2
* 1. Replace x by |x| (cosh(x) = cosh(-x)).
* 2.
* [ exp(x) - 1 ]^2
* 0 <= x <= ln2/2 : cosh(x) := 1 + -------------------
* 2*exp(x)
*
* exp(x) + 1/exp(x)
* ln2/2 <= x <= 22 : cosh(x) := -------------------
* 2
* 22 <= x <= lnovft : cosh(x) := exp(x)/2
* lnovft <= x <= ln2ovft: cosh(x) := exp(x/2)/2 * exp(x/2)
* ln2ovft < x : cosh(x) := huge*huge (overflow)
*
* Special cases:
* cosh(x) is |x| if x is +INF, -INF, or NaN.
* only cosh(0)=1 is exact for finite x.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double one = 1.0, half=0.5, huge = 1.0e300;
double
__ieee754_cosh(double x)
{
double t,w;
int32_t ix;
u_int32_t lx;
/* High word of |x|. */
GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
/* x is INF or NaN */
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return x*x;
/* |x| in [0,0.5*ln2], return 1+expm1(|x|)^2/(2*exp(|x|)) */
if(ix<0x3fd62e43) {
t = expm1(fabs(x));
w = one+t;
if (ix<0x3c800000) return w; /* cosh(tiny) = 1 */
return one+(t*t)/(w+w);
}
/* |x| in [0.5*ln2,22], return (exp(|x|)+1/exp(|x|)/2; */
if (ix < 0x40360000) {
t = __ieee754_exp(fabs(x));
return half*t+half/t;
}
/* |x| in [22, log(maxdouble)] return half*exp(|x|) */
if (ix < 0x40862E42) return half*__ieee754_exp(fabs(x));
/* |x| in [log(maxdouble), overflowthresold] */
GET_LOW_WORD(lx,x);
if (ix<0x408633CE ||
((ix==0x408633ce)&&(lx<=(u_int32_t)0x8fb9f87d))) {
w = __ieee754_exp(half*fabs(x));
t = half*w;
return t*w;
}
/* |x| > overflowthresold, cosh(x) overflow */
return huge*huge;
}

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/* e_coshf.c -- float version of e_cosh.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_coshf.c,v 1.7 2005/11/13 00:08:23 bde Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float one = 1.0, half=0.5, huge = 1.0e30;
float
__ieee754_coshf(float x)
{
float t,w;
int32_t ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(ix,x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
/* x is INF or NaN */
if(ix>=0x7f800000) return x*x;
/* |x| in [0,0.5*ln2], return 1+expm1(|x|)^2/(2*exp(|x|)) */
if(ix<0x3eb17218) {
t = expm1f(fabsf(x));
w = one+t;
if (ix<0x39800000) return one; /* cosh(tiny) = 1 */
return one+(t*t)/(w+w);
}
/* |x| in [0.5*ln2,9], return (exp(|x|)+1/exp(|x|))/2; */
if (ix < 0x41100000) {
t = __ieee754_expf(fabsf(x));
return half*t+half/t;
}
/* |x| in [9, log(maxfloat)] return half*exp(|x|) */
if (ix < 0x42b17217) return half*__ieee754_expf(fabsf(x));
/* |x| in [log(maxfloat), overflowthresold] */
if (ix<=0x42b2d4fc) {
w = __ieee754_expf(half*fabsf(x));
t = half*w;
return t*w;
}
/* |x| > overflowthresold, cosh(x) overflow */
return huge*huge;
}

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/* @(#)e_exp.c 1.6 04/04/22 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 2004 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_exp.c,v 1.10 2005/02/04 18:26:05 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_exp(x)
* Returns the exponential of x.
*
* Method
* 1. Argument reduction:
* Reduce x to an r so that |r| <= 0.5*ln2 ~ 0.34658.
* Given x, find r and integer k such that
*
* x = k*ln2 + r, |r| <= 0.5*ln2.
*
* Here r will be represented as r = hi-lo for better
* accuracy.
*
* 2. Approximation of exp(r) by a special rational function on
* the interval [0,0.34658]:
* Write
* R(r**2) = r*(exp(r)+1)/(exp(r)-1) = 2 + r*r/6 - r**4/360 + ...
* We use a special Remes algorithm on [0,0.34658] to generate
* a polynomial of degree 5 to approximate R. The maximum error
* of this polynomial approximation is bounded by 2**-59. In
* other words,
* R(z) ~ 2.0 + P1*z + P2*z**2 + P3*z**3 + P4*z**4 + P5*z**5
* (where z=r*r, and the values of P1 to P5 are listed below)
* and
* | 5 | -59
* | 2.0+P1*z+...+P5*z - R(z) | <= 2
* | |
* The computation of exp(r) thus becomes
* 2*r
* exp(r) = 1 + -------
* R - r
* r*R1(r)
* = 1 + r + ----------- (for better accuracy)
* 2 - R1(r)
* where
* 2 4 10
* R1(r) = r - (P1*r + P2*r + ... + P5*r ).
*
* 3. Scale back to obtain exp(x):
* From step 1, we have
* exp(x) = 2^k * exp(r)
*
* Special cases:
* exp(INF) is INF, exp(NaN) is NaN;
* exp(-INF) is 0, and
* for finite argument, only exp(0)=1 is exact.
*
* Accuracy:
* according to an error analysis, the error is always less than
* 1 ulp (unit in the last place).
*
* Misc. info.
* For IEEE double
* if x > 7.09782712893383973096e+02 then exp(x) overflow
* if x < -7.45133219101941108420e+02 then exp(x) underflow
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
one = 1.0,
halF[2] = {0.5,-0.5,},
huge = 1.0e+300,
twom1000= 9.33263618503218878990e-302, /* 2**-1000=0x01700000,0*/
o_threshold= 7.09782712893383973096e+02, /* 0x40862E42, 0xFEFA39EF */
u_threshold= -7.45133219101941108420e+02, /* 0xc0874910, 0xD52D3051 */
ln2HI[2] ={ 6.93147180369123816490e-01, /* 0x3fe62e42, 0xfee00000 */
-6.93147180369123816490e-01,},/* 0xbfe62e42, 0xfee00000 */
ln2LO[2] ={ 1.90821492927058770002e-10, /* 0x3dea39ef, 0x35793c76 */
-1.90821492927058770002e-10,},/* 0xbdea39ef, 0x35793c76 */
invln2 = 1.44269504088896338700e+00, /* 0x3ff71547, 0x652b82fe */
P1 = 1.66666666666666019037e-01, /* 0x3FC55555, 0x5555553E */
P2 = -2.77777777770155933842e-03, /* 0xBF66C16C, 0x16BEBD93 */
P3 = 6.61375632143793436117e-05, /* 0x3F11566A, 0xAF25DE2C */
P4 = -1.65339022054652515390e-06, /* 0xBEBBBD41, 0xC5D26BF1 */
P5 = 4.13813679705723846039e-08; /* 0x3E663769, 0x72BEA4D0 */
double
__ieee754_exp(double x) /* default IEEE double exp */
{
double y,hi=0.0,lo=0.0,c,t;
int32_t k=0,xsb;
u_int32_t hx;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
xsb = (hx>>31)&1; /* sign bit of x */
hx &= 0x7fffffff; /* high word of |x| */
/* filter out non-finite argument */
if(hx >= 0x40862E42) { /* if |x|>=709.78... */
if(hx>=0x7ff00000) {
u_int32_t lx;
GET_LOW_WORD(lx,x);
if(((hx&0xfffff)|lx)!=0)
return x+x; /* NaN */
else return (xsb==0)? x:0.0; /* exp(+-inf)={inf,0} */
}
if(x > o_threshold) return huge*huge; /* overflow */
if(x < u_threshold) return twom1000*twom1000; /* underflow */
}
/* argument reduction */
if(hx > 0x3fd62e42) { /* if |x| > 0.5 ln2 */
if(hx < 0x3FF0A2B2) { /* and |x| < 1.5 ln2 */
hi = x-ln2HI[xsb]; lo=ln2LO[xsb]; k = 1-xsb-xsb;
} else {
k = (int)(invln2*x+halF[xsb]);
t = k;
hi = x - t*ln2HI[0]; /* t*ln2HI is exact here */
lo = t*ln2LO[0];
}
x = hi - lo;
}
else if(hx < 0x3e300000) { /* when |x|<2**-28 */
if(huge+x>one) return one+x;/* trigger inexact */
}
else k = 0;
/* x is now in primary range */
t = x*x;
c = x - t*(P1+t*(P2+t*(P3+t*(P4+t*P5))));
if(k==0) return one-((x*c)/(c-2.0)-x);
else y = one-((lo-(x*c)/(2.0-c))-hi);
if(k >= -1021) {
u_int32_t hy;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hy,y);
SET_HIGH_WORD(y,hy+(k<<20)); /* add k to y's exponent */
return y;
} else {
u_int32_t hy;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hy,y);
SET_HIGH_WORD(y,hy+((k+1000)<<20)); /* add k to y's exponent */
return y*twom1000;
}
}

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/* e_expf.c -- float version of e_exp.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_expf.c,v 1.10 2005/11/30 04:56:49 bde Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float
one = 1.0,
halF[2] = {0.5,-0.5,},
huge = 1.0e+30,
twom100 = 7.8886090522e-31, /* 2**-100=0x0d800000 */
o_threshold= 8.8721679688e+01, /* 0x42b17180 */
u_threshold= -1.0397208405e+02, /* 0xc2cff1b5 */
ln2HI[2] ={ 6.9314575195e-01, /* 0x3f317200 */
-6.9314575195e-01,}, /* 0xbf317200 */
ln2LO[2] ={ 1.4286067653e-06, /* 0x35bfbe8e */
-1.4286067653e-06,}, /* 0xb5bfbe8e */
invln2 = 1.4426950216e+00, /* 0x3fb8aa3b */
P1 = 1.6666667163e-01, /* 0x3e2aaaab */
P2 = -2.7777778450e-03, /* 0xbb360b61 */
P3 = 6.6137559770e-05, /* 0x388ab355 */
P4 = -1.6533901999e-06, /* 0xb5ddea0e */
P5 = 4.1381369442e-08; /* 0x3331bb4c */
float
__ieee754_expf(float x) /* default IEEE double exp */
{
float y,hi=0.0,lo=0.0,c,t;
int32_t k=0,xsb;
u_int32_t hx;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
xsb = (hx>>31)&1; /* sign bit of x */
hx &= 0x7fffffff; /* high word of |x| */
/* filter out non-finite argument */
if(hx >= 0x42b17218) { /* if |x|>=88.721... */
if(hx>0x7f800000)
return x+x; /* NaN */
if(hx==0x7f800000)
return (xsb==0)? x:0.0; /* exp(+-inf)={inf,0} */
if(x > o_threshold) return huge*huge; /* overflow */
if(x < u_threshold) return twom100*twom100; /* underflow */
}
/* argument reduction */
if(hx > 0x3eb17218) { /* if |x| > 0.5 ln2 */
if(hx < 0x3F851592) { /* and |x| < 1.5 ln2 */
hi = x-ln2HI[xsb]; lo=ln2LO[xsb]; k = 1-xsb-xsb;
} else {
k = invln2*x+halF[xsb];
t = k;
hi = x - t*ln2HI[0]; /* t*ln2HI is exact here */
lo = t*ln2LO[0];
}
x = hi - lo;
}
else if(hx < 0x31800000) { /* when |x|<2**-28 */
if(huge+x>one) return one+x;/* trigger inexact */
}
else k = 0;
/* x is now in primary range */
t = x*x;
c = x - t*(P1+t*(P2+t*(P3+t*(P4+t*P5))));
if(k==0) return one-((x*c)/(c-(float)2.0)-x);
else y = one-((lo-(x*c)/((float)2.0-c))-hi);
if(k >= -125) {
u_int32_t hy;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hy,y);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(y,hy+(k<<23)); /* add k to y's exponent */
return y;
} else {
u_int32_t hy;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hy,y);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(y,hy+((k+100)<<23)); /* add k to y's exponent */
return y*twom100;
}
}

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/* @(#)e_fmod.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_fmod.c,v 1.9 2005/02/04 18:26:05 das Exp $";
#endif
/*
* __ieee754_fmod(x,y)
* Return x mod y in exact arithmetic
* Method: shift and subtract
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double one = 1.0, Zero[] = {0.0, -0.0,};
double
__ieee754_fmod(double x, double y)
{
int32_t n,hx,hy,hz,ix,iy,sx,i;
u_int32_t lx,ly,lz;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
EXTRACT_WORDS(hy,ly,y);
sx = hx&0x80000000; /* sign of x */
hx ^=sx; /* |x| */
hy &= 0x7fffffff; /* |y| */
/* purge off exception values */
if((hy|ly)==0||(hx>=0x7ff00000)|| /* y=0,or x not finite */
((hy|((ly|-ly)>>31))>0x7ff00000)) /* or y is NaN */
return (x*y)/(x*y);
if(hx<=hy) {
if((hx<hy)||(lx<ly)) return x; /* |x|<|y| return x */
if(lx==ly)
return Zero[(u_int32_t)sx>>31]; /* |x|=|y| return x*0*/
}
/* determine ix = ilogb(x) */
if(hx<0x00100000) { /* subnormal x */
if(hx==0) {
for (ix = -1043, i=lx; i>0; i<<=1) ix -=1;
} else {
for (ix = -1022,i=(hx<<11); i>0; i<<=1) ix -=1;
}
} else ix = (hx>>20)-1023;
/* determine iy = ilogb(y) */
if(hy<0x00100000) { /* subnormal y */
if(hy==0) {
for (iy = -1043, i=ly; i>0; i<<=1) iy -=1;
} else {
for (iy = -1022,i=(hy<<11); i>0; i<<=1) iy -=1;
}
} else iy = (hy>>20)-1023;
/* set up {hx,lx}, {hy,ly} and align y to x */
if(ix >= -1022)
hx = 0x00100000|(0x000fffff&hx);
else { /* subnormal x, shift x to normal */
n = -1022-ix;
if(n<=31) {
hx = (hx<<n)|(lx>>(32-n));
lx <<= n;
} else {
hx = lx<<(n-32);
lx = 0;
}
}
if(iy >= -1022)
hy = 0x00100000|(0x000fffff&hy);
else { /* subnormal y, shift y to normal */
n = -1022-iy;
if(n<=31) {
hy = (hy<<n)|(ly>>(32-n));
ly <<= n;
} else {
hy = ly<<(n-32);
ly = 0;
}
}
/* fix point fmod */
n = ix - iy;
while(n--) {
hz=hx-hy;lz=lx-ly; if(lx<ly) hz -= 1;
if(hz<0){hx = hx+hx+(lx>>31); lx = lx+lx;}
else {
if((hz|lz)==0) /* return sign(x)*0 */
return Zero[(u_int32_t)sx>>31];
hx = hz+hz+(lz>>31); lx = lz+lz;
}
}
hz=hx-hy;lz=lx-ly; if(lx<ly) hz -= 1;
if(hz>=0) {hx=hz;lx=lz;}
/* convert back to floating value and restore the sign */
if((hx|lx)==0) /* return sign(x)*0 */
return Zero[(u_int32_t)sx>>31];
while(hx<0x00100000) { /* normalize x */
hx = hx+hx+(lx>>31); lx = lx+lx;
iy -= 1;
}
if(iy>= -1022) { /* normalize output */
hx = ((hx-0x00100000)|((iy+1023)<<20));
INSERT_WORDS(x,hx|sx,lx);
} else { /* subnormal output */
n = -1022 - iy;
if(n<=20) {
lx = (lx>>n)|((u_int32_t)hx<<(32-n));
hx >>= n;
} else if (n<=31) {
lx = (hx<<(32-n))|(lx>>n); hx = sx;
} else {
lx = hx>>(n-32); hx = sx;
}
INSERT_WORDS(x,hx|sx,lx);
x *= one; /* create necessary signal */
}
return x; /* exact output */
}

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/* e_fmodf.c -- float version of e_fmod.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_fmodf.c,v 1.6 2002/05/28 17:03:12 alfred Exp $";
#endif
/*
* __ieee754_fmodf(x,y)
* Return x mod y in exact arithmetic
* Method: shift and subtract
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float one = 1.0, Zero[] = {0.0, -0.0,};
float
__ieee754_fmodf(float x, float y)
{
int32_t n,hx,hy,hz,ix,iy,sx,i;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hy,y);
sx = hx&0x80000000; /* sign of x */
hx ^=sx; /* |x| */
hy &= 0x7fffffff; /* |y| */
/* purge off exception values */
if(hy==0||(hx>=0x7f800000)|| /* y=0,or x not finite */
(hy>0x7f800000)) /* or y is NaN */
return (x*y)/(x*y);
if(hx<hy) return x; /* |x|<|y| return x */
if(hx==hy)
return Zero[(u_int32_t)sx>>31]; /* |x|=|y| return x*0*/
/* determine ix = ilogb(x) */
if(hx<0x00800000) { /* subnormal x */
for (ix = -126,i=(hx<<8); i>0; i<<=1) ix -=1;
} else ix = (hx>>23)-127;
/* determine iy = ilogb(y) */
if(hy<0x00800000) { /* subnormal y */
for (iy = -126,i=(hy<<8); i>=0; i<<=1) iy -=1;
} else iy = (hy>>23)-127;
/* set up {hx,lx}, {hy,ly} and align y to x */
if(ix >= -126)
hx = 0x00800000|(0x007fffff&hx);
else { /* subnormal x, shift x to normal */
n = -126-ix;
hx = hx<<n;
}
if(iy >= -126)
hy = 0x00800000|(0x007fffff&hy);
else { /* subnormal y, shift y to normal */
n = -126-iy;
hy = hy<<n;
}
/* fix point fmod */
n = ix - iy;
while(n--) {
hz=hx-hy;
if(hz<0){hx = hx+hx;}
else {
if(hz==0) /* return sign(x)*0 */
return Zero[(u_int32_t)sx>>31];
hx = hz+hz;
}
}
hz=hx-hy;
if(hz>=0) {hx=hz;}
/* convert back to floating value and restore the sign */
if(hx==0) /* return sign(x)*0 */
return Zero[(u_int32_t)sx>>31];
while(hx<0x00800000) { /* normalize x */
hx = hx+hx;
iy -= 1;
}
if(iy>= -126) { /* normalize output */
hx = ((hx-0x00800000)|((iy+127)<<23));
SET_FLOAT_WORD(x,hx|sx);
} else { /* subnormal output */
n = -126 - iy;
hx >>= n;
SET_FLOAT_WORD(x,hx|sx);
x *= one; /* create necessary signal */
}
return x; /* exact output */
}

34
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/* @(#)e_gamma.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_gamma.c,v 1.7 2005/02/04 18:26:05 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_gamma(x)
* Return the logarithm of the Gamma function of x.
*
* Method: call __ieee754_gamma_r
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
extern int signgam;
double
__ieee754_gamma(double x)
{
return __ieee754_gamma_r(x,&signgam);
}

33
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/* @(#)e_gamma_r.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_gamma_r.c,v 1.7 2005/02/04 18:26:05 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_gamma_r(x, signgamp)
* Reentrant version of the logarithm of the Gamma function
* with user provide pointer for the sign of Gamma(x).
*
* Method: See __ieee754_lgamma_r
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
double
__ieee754_gamma_r(double x, int *signgamp)
{
return __ieee754_lgamma_r(x,signgamp);
}

35
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/* e_gammaf.c -- float version of e_gamma.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_gammaf.c,v 1.6 2002/05/28 17:03:12 alfred Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_gammaf(x)
* Return the logarithm of the Gamma function of x.
*
* Method: call __ieee754_gammaf_r
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
extern int signgam;
float
__ieee754_gammaf(float x)
{
return __ieee754_gammaf_r(x,&signgam);
}

34
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/* e_gammaf_r.c -- float version of e_gamma_r.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_gammaf_r.c,v 1.7 2002/05/28 18:15:03 alfred Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_gammaf_r(x, signgamp)
* Reentrant version of the logarithm of the Gamma function
* with user provide pointer for the sign of Gamma(x).
*
* Method: See __ieee754_lgammaf_r
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
float
__ieee754_gammaf_r(float x, int *signgamp)
{
return __ieee754_lgammaf_r(x,signgamp);
}

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/* @(#)e_hypot.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_hypot.c,v 1.9 2005/02/04 18:26:05 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_hypot(x,y)
*
* Method :
* If (assume round-to-nearest) z=x*x+y*y
* has error less than sqrt(2)/2 ulp, than
* sqrt(z) has error less than 1 ulp (exercise).
*
* So, compute sqrt(x*x+y*y) with some care as
* follows to get the error below 1 ulp:
*
* Assume x>y>0;
* (if possible, set rounding to round-to-nearest)
* 1. if x > 2y use
* x1*x1+(y*y+(x2*(x+x1))) for x*x+y*y
* where x1 = x with lower 32 bits cleared, x2 = x-x1; else
* 2. if x <= 2y use
* t1*y1+((x-y)*(x-y)+(t1*y2+t2*y))
* where t1 = 2x with lower 32 bits cleared, t2 = 2x-t1,
* y1= y with lower 32 bits chopped, y2 = y-y1.
*
* NOTE: scaling may be necessary if some argument is too
* large or too tiny
*
* Special cases:
* hypot(x,y) is INF if x or y is +INF or -INF; else
* hypot(x,y) is NAN if x or y is NAN.
*
* Accuracy:
* hypot(x,y) returns sqrt(x^2+y^2) with error less
* than 1 ulps (units in the last place)
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
double
__ieee754_hypot(double x, double y)
{
double a=x,b=y,t1,t2,y1,y2,w;
int32_t j,k,ha,hb;
GET_HIGH_WORD(ha,x);
ha &= 0x7fffffff;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hb,y);
hb &= 0x7fffffff;
if(hb > ha) {a=y;b=x;j=ha; ha=hb;hb=j;} else {a=x;b=y;}
SET_HIGH_WORD(a,ha); /* a <- |a| */
SET_HIGH_WORD(b,hb); /* b <- |b| */
if((ha-hb)>0x3c00000) {return a+b;} /* x/y > 2**60 */
k=0;
if(ha > 0x5f300000) { /* a>2**500 */
if(ha >= 0x7ff00000) { /* Inf or NaN */
u_int32_t low;
w = a+b; /* for sNaN */
GET_LOW_WORD(low,a);
if(((ha&0xfffff)|low)==0) w = a;
GET_LOW_WORD(low,b);
if(((hb^0x7ff00000)|low)==0) w = b;
return w;
}
/* scale a and b by 2**-600 */
ha -= 0x25800000; hb -= 0x25800000; k += 600;
SET_HIGH_WORD(a,ha);
SET_HIGH_WORD(b,hb);
}
if(hb < 0x20b00000) { /* b < 2**-500 */
if(hb <= 0x000fffff) { /* subnormal b or 0 */
u_int32_t low;
GET_LOW_WORD(low,b);
if((hb|low)==0) return a;
t1=0;
SET_HIGH_WORD(t1,0x7fd00000); /* t1=2^1022 */
b *= t1;
a *= t1;
k -= 1022;
} else { /* scale a and b by 2^600 */
ha += 0x25800000; /* a *= 2^600 */
hb += 0x25800000; /* b *= 2^600 */
k -= 600;
SET_HIGH_WORD(a,ha);
SET_HIGH_WORD(b,hb);
}
}
/* medium size a and b */
w = a-b;
if (w>b) {
t1 = 0;
SET_HIGH_WORD(t1,ha);
t2 = a-t1;
w = sqrt(t1*t1-(b*(-b)-t2*(a+t1)));
} else {
a = a+a;
y1 = 0;
SET_HIGH_WORD(y1,hb);
y2 = b - y1;
t1 = 0;
SET_HIGH_WORD(t1,ha+0x00100000);
t2 = a - t1;
w = sqrt(t1*y1-(w*(-w)-(t1*y2+t2*b)));
}
if(k!=0) {
u_int32_t high;
t1 = 1.0;
GET_HIGH_WORD(high,t1);
SET_HIGH_WORD(t1,high+(k<<20));
return t1*w;
} else return w;
}

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/* e_hypotf.c -- float version of e_hypot.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_hypotf.c,v 1.9 2002/05/28 18:15:03 alfred Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
float
__ieee754_hypotf(float x, float y)
{
float a=x,b=y,t1,t2,y1,y2,w;
int32_t j,k,ha,hb;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(ha,x);
ha &= 0x7fffffff;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hb,y);
hb &= 0x7fffffff;
if(hb > ha) {a=y;b=x;j=ha; ha=hb;hb=j;} else {a=x;b=y;}
SET_FLOAT_WORD(a,ha); /* a <- |a| */
SET_FLOAT_WORD(b,hb); /* b <- |b| */
if((ha-hb)>0xf000000) {return a+b;} /* x/y > 2**30 */
k=0;
if(ha > 0x58800000) { /* a>2**50 */
if(ha >= 0x7f800000) { /* Inf or NaN */
w = a+b; /* for sNaN */
if(ha == 0x7f800000) w = a;
if(hb == 0x7f800000) w = b;
return w;
}
/* scale a and b by 2**-68 */
ha -= 0x22000000; hb -= 0x22000000; k += 68;
SET_FLOAT_WORD(a,ha);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(b,hb);
}
if(hb < 0x26800000) { /* b < 2**-50 */
if(hb <= 0x007fffff) { /* subnormal b or 0 */
if(hb==0) return a;
SET_FLOAT_WORD(t1,0x7e800000); /* t1=2^126 */
b *= t1;
a *= t1;
k -= 126;
} else { /* scale a and b by 2^68 */
ha += 0x22000000; /* a *= 2^68 */
hb += 0x22000000; /* b *= 2^68 */
k -= 68;
SET_FLOAT_WORD(a,ha);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(b,hb);
}
}
/* medium size a and b */
w = a-b;
if (w>b) {
SET_FLOAT_WORD(t1,ha&0xfffff000);
t2 = a-t1;
w = __ieee754_sqrtf(t1*t1-(b*(-b)-t2*(a+t1)));
} else {
a = a+a;
SET_FLOAT_WORD(y1,hb&0xfffff000);
y2 = b - y1;
SET_FLOAT_WORD(t1,ha+0x00800000);
t2 = a - t1;
w = __ieee754_sqrtf(t1*y1-(w*(-w)-(t1*y2+t2*b)));
}
if(k!=0) {
SET_FLOAT_WORD(t1,0x3f800000+(k<<23));
return t1*w;
} else return w;
}

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/* @(#)e_j0.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_j0.c,v 1.8 2005/02/04 18:26:05 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_j0(x), __ieee754_y0(x)
* Bessel function of the first and second kinds of order zero.
* Method -- j0(x):
* 1. For tiny x, we use j0(x) = 1 - x^2/4 + x^4/64 - ...
* 2. Reduce x to |x| since j0(x)=j0(-x), and
* for x in (0,2)
* j0(x) = 1-z/4+ z^2*R0/S0, where z = x*x;
* (precision: |j0-1+z/4-z^2R0/S0 |<2**-63.67 )
* for x in (2,inf)
* j0(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p0(x)*cos(x0)-q0(x)*sin(x0))
* where x0 = x-pi/4. It is better to compute sin(x0),cos(x0)
* as follow:
* cos(x0) = cos(x)cos(pi/4)+sin(x)sin(pi/4)
* = 1/sqrt(2) * (cos(x) + sin(x))
* sin(x0) = sin(x)cos(pi/4)-cos(x)sin(pi/4)
* = 1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) - cos(x))
* (To avoid cancellation, use
* sin(x) +- cos(x) = -cos(2x)/(sin(x) -+ cos(x))
* to compute the worse one.)
*
* 3 Special cases
* j0(nan)= nan
* j0(0) = 1
* j0(inf) = 0
*
* Method -- y0(x):
* 1. For x<2.
* Since
* y0(x) = 2/pi*(j0(x)*(ln(x/2)+Euler) + x^2/4 - ...)
* therefore y0(x)-2/pi*j0(x)*ln(x) is an even function.
* We use the following function to approximate y0,
* y0(x) = U(z)/V(z) + (2/pi)*(j0(x)*ln(x)), z= x^2
* where
* U(z) = u00 + u01*z + ... + u06*z^6
* V(z) = 1 + v01*z + ... + v04*z^4
* with absolute approximation error bounded by 2**-72.
* Note: For tiny x, U/V = u0 and j0(x)~1, hence
* y0(tiny) = u0 + (2/pi)*ln(tiny), (choose tiny<2**-27)
* 2. For x>=2.
* y0(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p0(x)*cos(x0)+q0(x)*sin(x0))
* where x0 = x-pi/4. It is better to compute sin(x0),cos(x0)
* by the method mentioned above.
* 3. Special cases: y0(0)=-inf, y0(x<0)=NaN, y0(inf)=0.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static double pzero(double), qzero(double);
static const double
huge = 1e300,
one = 1.0,
invsqrtpi= 5.64189583547756279280e-01, /* 0x3FE20DD7, 0x50429B6D */
tpi = 6.36619772367581382433e-01, /* 0x3FE45F30, 0x6DC9C883 */
/* R0/S0 on [0, 2.00] */
R02 = 1.56249999999999947958e-02, /* 0x3F8FFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFD */
R03 = -1.89979294238854721751e-04, /* 0xBF28E6A5, 0xB61AC6E9 */
R04 = 1.82954049532700665670e-06, /* 0x3EBEB1D1, 0x0C503919 */
R05 = -4.61832688532103189199e-09, /* 0xBE33D5E7, 0x73D63FCE */
S01 = 1.56191029464890010492e-02, /* 0x3F8FFCE8, 0x82C8C2A4 */
S02 = 1.16926784663337450260e-04, /* 0x3F1EA6D2, 0xDD57DBF4 */
S03 = 5.13546550207318111446e-07, /* 0x3EA13B54, 0xCE84D5A9 */
S04 = 1.16614003333790000205e-09; /* 0x3E1408BC, 0xF4745D8F */
static const double zero = 0.0;
double
__ieee754_j0(double x)
{
double z, s,c,ss,cc,r,u,v;
int32_t hx,ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return one/(x*x);
x = fabs(x);
if(ix >= 0x40000000) { /* |x| >= 2.0 */
s = sin(x);
c = cos(x);
ss = s-c;
cc = s+c;
if(ix<0x7fe00000) { /* make sure x+x not overflow */
z = -cos(x+x);
if ((s*c)<zero) cc = z/ss;
else ss = z/cc;
}
/*
* j0(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(0,x)*cc - Q(0,x)*ss) / sqrt(x)
* y0(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(0,x)*ss + Q(0,x)*cc) / sqrt(x)
*/
if(ix>0x48000000) z = (invsqrtpi*cc)/sqrt(x);
else {
u = pzero(x); v = qzero(x);
z = invsqrtpi*(u*cc-v*ss)/sqrt(x);
}
return z;
}
if(ix<0x3f200000) { /* |x| < 2**-13 */
if(huge+x>one) { /* raise inexact if x != 0 */
if(ix<0x3e400000) return one; /* |x|<2**-27 */
else return one - 0.25*x*x;
}
}
z = x*x;
r = z*(R02+z*(R03+z*(R04+z*R05)));
s = one+z*(S01+z*(S02+z*(S03+z*S04)));
if(ix < 0x3FF00000) { /* |x| < 1.00 */
return one + z*(-0.25+(r/s));
} else {
u = 0.5*x;
return((one+u)*(one-u)+z*(r/s));
}
}
static const double
u00 = -7.38042951086872317523e-02, /* 0xBFB2E4D6, 0x99CBD01F */
u01 = 1.76666452509181115538e-01, /* 0x3FC69D01, 0x9DE9E3FC */
u02 = -1.38185671945596898896e-02, /* 0xBF8C4CE8, 0xB16CFA97 */
u03 = 3.47453432093683650238e-04, /* 0x3F36C54D, 0x20B29B6B */
u04 = -3.81407053724364161125e-06, /* 0xBECFFEA7, 0x73D25CAD */
u05 = 1.95590137035022920206e-08, /* 0x3E550057, 0x3B4EABD4 */
u06 = -3.98205194132103398453e-11, /* 0xBDC5E43D, 0x693FB3C8 */
v01 = 1.27304834834123699328e-02, /* 0x3F8A1270, 0x91C9C71A */
v02 = 7.60068627350353253702e-05, /* 0x3F13ECBB, 0xF578C6C1 */
v03 = 2.59150851840457805467e-07, /* 0x3E91642D, 0x7FF202FD */
v04 = 4.41110311332675467403e-10; /* 0x3DFE5018, 0x3BD6D9EF */
double
__ieee754_y0(double x)
{
double z, s,c,ss,cc,u,v;
int32_t hx,ix,lx;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
ix = 0x7fffffff&hx;
/* Y0(NaN) is NaN, y0(-inf) is Nan, y0(inf) is 0 */
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return one/(x+x*x);
if((ix|lx)==0) return -one/zero;
if(hx<0) return zero/zero;
if(ix >= 0x40000000) { /* |x| >= 2.0 */
/* y0(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p0(x)*sin(x0)+q0(x)*cos(x0))
* where x0 = x-pi/4
* Better formula:
* cos(x0) = cos(x)cos(pi/4)+sin(x)sin(pi/4)
* = 1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) + cos(x))
* sin(x0) = sin(x)cos(3pi/4)-cos(x)sin(3pi/4)
* = 1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) - cos(x))
* To avoid cancellation, use
* sin(x) +- cos(x) = -cos(2x)/(sin(x) -+ cos(x))
* to compute the worse one.
*/
s = sin(x);
c = cos(x);
ss = s-c;
cc = s+c;
/*
* j0(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(0,x)*cc - Q(0,x)*ss) / sqrt(x)
* y0(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(0,x)*ss + Q(0,x)*cc) / sqrt(x)
*/
if(ix<0x7fe00000) { /* make sure x+x not overflow */
z = -cos(x+x);
if ((s*c)<zero) cc = z/ss;
else ss = z/cc;
}
if(ix>0x48000000) z = (invsqrtpi*ss)/sqrt(x);
else {
u = pzero(x); v = qzero(x);
z = invsqrtpi*(u*ss+v*cc)/sqrt(x);
}
return z;
}
if(ix<=0x3e400000) { /* x < 2**-27 */
return(u00 + tpi*__ieee754_log(x));
}
z = x*x;
u = u00+z*(u01+z*(u02+z*(u03+z*(u04+z*(u05+z*u06)))));
v = one+z*(v01+z*(v02+z*(v03+z*v04)));
return(u/v + tpi*(__ieee754_j0(x)*__ieee754_log(x)));
}
/* The asymptotic expansions of pzero is
* 1 - 9/128 s^2 + 11025/98304 s^4 - ..., where s = 1/x.
* For x >= 2, We approximate pzero by
* pzero(x) = 1 + (R/S)
* where R = pR0 + pR1*s^2 + pR2*s^4 + ... + pR5*s^10
* S = 1 + pS0*s^2 + ... + pS4*s^10
* and
* | pzero(x)-1-R/S | <= 2 ** ( -60.26)
*/
static const double pR8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
0.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000, 0x00000000 */
-7.03124999999900357484e-02, /* 0xBFB1FFFF, 0xFFFFFD32 */
-8.08167041275349795626e+00, /* 0xC02029D0, 0xB44FA779 */
-2.57063105679704847262e+02, /* 0xC0701102, 0x7B19E863 */
-2.48521641009428822144e+03, /* 0xC0A36A6E, 0xCD4DCAFC */
-5.25304380490729545272e+03, /* 0xC0B4850B, 0x36CC643D */
};
static const double pS8[5] = {
1.16534364619668181717e+02, /* 0x405D2233, 0x07A96751 */
3.83374475364121826715e+03, /* 0x40ADF37D, 0x50596938 */
4.05978572648472545552e+04, /* 0x40E3D2BB, 0x6EB6B05F */
1.16752972564375915681e+05, /* 0x40FC810F, 0x8F9FA9BD */
4.76277284146730962675e+04, /* 0x40E74177, 0x4F2C49DC */
};
static const double pR5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
-1.14125464691894502584e-11, /* 0xBDA918B1, 0x47E495CC */
-7.03124940873599280078e-02, /* 0xBFB1FFFF, 0xE69AFBC6 */
-4.15961064470587782438e+00, /* 0xC010A370, 0xF90C6BBF */
-6.76747652265167261021e+01, /* 0xC050EB2F, 0x5A7D1783 */
-3.31231299649172967747e+02, /* 0xC074B3B3, 0x6742CC63 */
-3.46433388365604912451e+02, /* 0xC075A6EF, 0x28A38BD7 */
};
static const double pS5[5] = {
6.07539382692300335975e+01, /* 0x404E6081, 0x0C98C5DE */
1.05125230595704579173e+03, /* 0x40906D02, 0x5C7E2864 */
5.97897094333855784498e+03, /* 0x40B75AF8, 0x8FBE1D60 */
9.62544514357774460223e+03, /* 0x40C2CCB8, 0xFA76FA38 */
2.40605815922939109441e+03, /* 0x40A2CC1D, 0xC70BE864 */
};
static const double pR3[6] = {/* for x in [4.547,2.8571]=1/[0.2199,0.35001] */
-2.54704601771951915620e-09, /* 0xBE25E103, 0x6FE1AA86 */
-7.03119616381481654654e-02, /* 0xBFB1FFF6, 0xF7C0E24B */
-2.40903221549529611423e+00, /* 0xC00345B2, 0xAEA48074 */
-2.19659774734883086467e+01, /* 0xC035F74A, 0x4CB94E14 */
-5.80791704701737572236e+01, /* 0xC04D0A22, 0x420A1A45 */
-3.14479470594888503854e+01, /* 0xC03F72AC, 0xA892D80F */
};
static const double pS3[5] = {
3.58560338055209726349e+01, /* 0x4041ED92, 0x84077DD3 */
3.61513983050303863820e+02, /* 0x40769839, 0x464A7C0E */
1.19360783792111533330e+03, /* 0x4092A66E, 0x6D1061D6 */
1.12799679856907414432e+03, /* 0x40919FFC, 0xB8C39B7E */
1.73580930813335754692e+02, /* 0x4065B296, 0xFC379081 */
};
static const double pR2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
-8.87534333032526411254e-08, /* 0xBE77D316, 0xE927026D */
-7.03030995483624743247e-02, /* 0xBFB1FF62, 0x495E1E42 */
-1.45073846780952986357e+00, /* 0xBFF73639, 0x8A24A843 */
-7.63569613823527770791e+00, /* 0xC01E8AF3, 0xEDAFA7F3 */
-1.11931668860356747786e+01, /* 0xC02662E6, 0xC5246303 */
-3.23364579351335335033e+00, /* 0xC009DE81, 0xAF8FE70F */
};
static const double pS2[5] = {
2.22202997532088808441e+01, /* 0x40363865, 0x908B5959 */
1.36206794218215208048e+02, /* 0x4061069E, 0x0EE8878F */
2.70470278658083486789e+02, /* 0x4070E786, 0x42EA079B */
1.53875394208320329881e+02, /* 0x40633C03, 0x3AB6FAFF */
1.46576176948256193810e+01, /* 0x402D50B3, 0x44391809 */
};
static double pzero(double x)
{
const double *p,*q;
double z,r,s;
int32_t ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x40200000) {p = pR8; q= pS8;}
else if(ix>=0x40122E8B){p = pR5; q= pS5;}
else if(ix>=0x4006DB6D){p = pR3; q= pS3;}
else if(ix>=0x40000000){p = pR2; q= pS2;}
z = one/(x*x);
r = p[0]+z*(p[1]+z*(p[2]+z*(p[3]+z*(p[4]+z*p[5]))));
s = one+z*(q[0]+z*(q[1]+z*(q[2]+z*(q[3]+z*q[4]))));
return one+ r/s;
}
/* For x >= 8, the asymptotic expansions of qzero is
* -1/8 s + 75/1024 s^3 - ..., where s = 1/x.
* We approximate pzero by
* qzero(x) = s*(-1.25 + (R/S))
* where R = qR0 + qR1*s^2 + qR2*s^4 + ... + qR5*s^10
* S = 1 + qS0*s^2 + ... + qS5*s^12
* and
* | qzero(x)/s +1.25-R/S | <= 2 ** ( -61.22)
*/
static const double qR8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
0.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000, 0x00000000 */
7.32421874999935051953e-02, /* 0x3FB2BFFF, 0xFFFFFE2C */
1.17682064682252693899e+01, /* 0x40278952, 0x5BB334D6 */
5.57673380256401856059e+02, /* 0x40816D63, 0x15301825 */
8.85919720756468632317e+03, /* 0x40C14D99, 0x3E18F46D */
3.70146267776887834771e+04, /* 0x40E212D4, 0x0E901566 */
};
static const double qS8[6] = {
1.63776026895689824414e+02, /* 0x406478D5, 0x365B39BC */
8.09834494656449805916e+03, /* 0x40BFA258, 0x4E6B0563 */
1.42538291419120476348e+05, /* 0x41016652, 0x54D38C3F */
8.03309257119514397345e+05, /* 0x412883DA, 0x83A52B43 */
8.40501579819060512818e+05, /* 0x4129A66B, 0x28DE0B3D */
-3.43899293537866615225e+05, /* 0xC114FD6D, 0x2C9530C5 */
};
static const double qR5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
1.84085963594515531381e-11, /* 0x3DB43D8F, 0x29CC8CD9 */
7.32421766612684765896e-02, /* 0x3FB2BFFF, 0xD172B04C */
5.83563508962056953777e+00, /* 0x401757B0, 0xB9953DD3 */
1.35111577286449829671e+02, /* 0x4060E392, 0x0A8788E9 */
1.02724376596164097464e+03, /* 0x40900CF9, 0x9DC8C481 */
1.98997785864605384631e+03, /* 0x409F17E9, 0x53C6E3A6 */
};
static const double qS5[6] = {
8.27766102236537761883e+01, /* 0x4054B1B3, 0xFB5E1543 */
2.07781416421392987104e+03, /* 0x40A03BA0, 0xDA21C0CE */
1.88472887785718085070e+04, /* 0x40D267D2, 0x7B591E6D */
5.67511122894947329769e+04, /* 0x40EBB5E3, 0x97E02372 */
3.59767538425114471465e+04, /* 0x40E19118, 0x1F7A54A0 */
-5.35434275601944773371e+03, /* 0xC0B4EA57, 0xBEDBC609 */
};
static const double qR3[6] = {/* for x in [4.547,2.8571]=1/[0.2199,0.35001] */
4.37741014089738620906e-09, /* 0x3E32CD03, 0x6ADECB82 */
7.32411180042911447163e-02, /* 0x3FB2BFEE, 0x0E8D0842 */
3.34423137516170720929e+00, /* 0x400AC0FC, 0x61149CF5 */
4.26218440745412650017e+01, /* 0x40454F98, 0x962DAEDD */
1.70808091340565596283e+02, /* 0x406559DB, 0xE25EFD1F */
1.66733948696651168575e+02, /* 0x4064D77C, 0x81FA21E0 */
};
static const double qS3[6] = {
4.87588729724587182091e+01, /* 0x40486122, 0xBFE343A6 */
7.09689221056606015736e+02, /* 0x40862D83, 0x86544EB3 */
3.70414822620111362994e+03, /* 0x40ACF04B, 0xE44DFC63 */
6.46042516752568917582e+03, /* 0x40B93C6C, 0xD7C76A28 */
2.51633368920368957333e+03, /* 0x40A3A8AA, 0xD94FB1C0 */
-1.49247451836156386662e+02, /* 0xC062A7EB, 0x201CF40F */
};
static const double qR2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
1.50444444886983272379e-07, /* 0x3E84313B, 0x54F76BDB */
7.32234265963079278272e-02, /* 0x3FB2BEC5, 0x3E883E34 */
1.99819174093815998816e+00, /* 0x3FFFF897, 0xE727779C */
1.44956029347885735348e+01, /* 0x402CFDBF, 0xAAF96FE5 */
3.16662317504781540833e+01, /* 0x403FAA8E, 0x29FBDC4A */
1.62527075710929267416e+01, /* 0x403040B1, 0x71814BB4 */
};
static const double qS2[6] = {
3.03655848355219184498e+01, /* 0x403E5D96, 0xF7C07AED */
2.69348118608049844624e+02, /* 0x4070D591, 0xE4D14B40 */
8.44783757595320139444e+02, /* 0x408A6645, 0x22B3BF22 */
8.82935845112488550512e+02, /* 0x408B977C, 0x9C5CC214 */
2.12666388511798828631e+02, /* 0x406A9553, 0x0E001365 */
-5.31095493882666946917e+00, /* 0xC0153E6A, 0xF8B32931 */
};
static double qzero(double x)
{
const double *p,*q;
double s,r,z;
int32_t ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x40200000) {p = qR8; q= qS8;}
else if(ix>=0x40122E8B){p = qR5; q= qS5;}
else if(ix>=0x4006DB6D){p = qR3; q= qS3;}
else if(ix>=0x40000000){p = qR2; q= qS2;}
z = one/(x*x);
r = p[0]+z*(p[1]+z*(p[2]+z*(p[3]+z*(p[4]+z*p[5]))));
s = one+z*(q[0]+z*(q[1]+z*(q[2]+z*(q[3]+z*(q[4]+z*q[5])))));
return (-.125 + r/s)/x;
}

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/* e_j0f.c -- float version of e_j0.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_j0f.c,v 1.7 2002/05/28 18:15:03 alfred Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static float pzerof(float), qzerof(float);
static const float
huge = 1e30,
one = 1.0,
invsqrtpi= 5.6418961287e-01, /* 0x3f106ebb */
tpi = 6.3661974669e-01, /* 0x3f22f983 */
/* R0/S0 on [0, 2.00] */
R02 = 1.5625000000e-02, /* 0x3c800000 */
R03 = -1.8997929874e-04, /* 0xb947352e */
R04 = 1.8295404516e-06, /* 0x35f58e88 */
R05 = -4.6183270541e-09, /* 0xb19eaf3c */
S01 = 1.5619102865e-02, /* 0x3c7fe744 */
S02 = 1.1692678527e-04, /* 0x38f53697 */
S03 = 5.1354652442e-07, /* 0x3509daa6 */
S04 = 1.1661400734e-09; /* 0x30a045e8 */
static const float zero = 0.0;
float
__ieee754_j0f(float x)
{
float z, s,c,ss,cc,r,u,v;
int32_t hx,ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7f800000) return one/(x*x);
x = fabsf(x);
if(ix >= 0x40000000) { /* |x| >= 2.0 */
s = sinf(x);
c = cosf(x);
ss = s-c;
cc = s+c;
if(ix<0x7f000000) { /* make sure x+x not overflow */
z = -cosf(x+x);
if ((s*c)<zero) cc = z/ss;
else ss = z/cc;
}
/*
* j0(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(0,x)*cc - Q(0,x)*ss) / sqrt(x)
* y0(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(0,x)*ss + Q(0,x)*cc) / sqrt(x)
*/
if(ix>0x80000000) z = (invsqrtpi*cc)/sqrtf(x);
else {
u = pzerof(x); v = qzerof(x);
z = invsqrtpi*(u*cc-v*ss)/sqrtf(x);
}
return z;
}
if(ix<0x39000000) { /* |x| < 2**-13 */
if(huge+x>one) { /* raise inexact if x != 0 */
if(ix<0x32000000) return one; /* |x|<2**-27 */
else return one - (float)0.25*x*x;
}
}
z = x*x;
r = z*(R02+z*(R03+z*(R04+z*R05)));
s = one+z*(S01+z*(S02+z*(S03+z*S04)));
if(ix < 0x3F800000) { /* |x| < 1.00 */
return one + z*((float)-0.25+(r/s));
} else {
u = (float)0.5*x;
return((one+u)*(one-u)+z*(r/s));
}
}
static const float
u00 = -7.3804296553e-02, /* 0xbd9726b5 */
u01 = 1.7666645348e-01, /* 0x3e34e80d */
u02 = -1.3818567619e-02, /* 0xbc626746 */
u03 = 3.4745343146e-04, /* 0x39b62a69 */
u04 = -3.8140706238e-06, /* 0xb67ff53c */
u05 = 1.9559013964e-08, /* 0x32a802ba */
u06 = -3.9820518410e-11, /* 0xae2f21eb */
v01 = 1.2730483897e-02, /* 0x3c509385 */
v02 = 7.6006865129e-05, /* 0x389f65e0 */
v03 = 2.5915085189e-07, /* 0x348b216c */
v04 = 4.4111031494e-10; /* 0x2ff280c2 */
float
__ieee754_y0f(float x)
{
float z, s,c,ss,cc,u,v;
int32_t hx,ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
ix = 0x7fffffff&hx;
/* Y0(NaN) is NaN, y0(-inf) is Nan, y0(inf) is 0 */
if(ix>=0x7f800000) return one/(x+x*x);
if(ix==0) return -one/zero;
if(hx<0) return zero/zero;
if(ix >= 0x40000000) { /* |x| >= 2.0 */
/* y0(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p0(x)*sin(x0)+q0(x)*cos(x0))
* where x0 = x-pi/4
* Better formula:
* cos(x0) = cos(x)cos(pi/4)+sin(x)sin(pi/4)
* = 1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) + cos(x))
* sin(x0) = sin(x)cos(3pi/4)-cos(x)sin(3pi/4)
* = 1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) - cos(x))
* To avoid cancellation, use
* sin(x) +- cos(x) = -cos(2x)/(sin(x) -+ cos(x))
* to compute the worse one.
*/
s = sinf(x);
c = cosf(x);
ss = s-c;
cc = s+c;
/*
* j0(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(0,x)*cc - Q(0,x)*ss) / sqrt(x)
* y0(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(0,x)*ss + Q(0,x)*cc) / sqrt(x)
*/
if(ix<0x7f000000) { /* make sure x+x not overflow */
z = -cosf(x+x);
if ((s*c)<zero) cc = z/ss;
else ss = z/cc;
}
if(ix>0x80000000) z = (invsqrtpi*ss)/sqrtf(x);
else {
u = pzerof(x); v = qzerof(x);
z = invsqrtpi*(u*ss+v*cc)/sqrtf(x);
}
return z;
}
if(ix<=0x32000000) { /* x < 2**-27 */
return(u00 + tpi*__ieee754_logf(x));
}
z = x*x;
u = u00+z*(u01+z*(u02+z*(u03+z*(u04+z*(u05+z*u06)))));
v = one+z*(v01+z*(v02+z*(v03+z*v04)));
return(u/v + tpi*(__ieee754_j0f(x)*__ieee754_logf(x)));
}
/* The asymptotic expansions of pzero is
* 1 - 9/128 s^2 + 11025/98304 s^4 - ..., where s = 1/x.
* For x >= 2, We approximate pzero by
* pzero(x) = 1 + (R/S)
* where R = pR0 + pR1*s^2 + pR2*s^4 + ... + pR5*s^10
* S = 1 + pS0*s^2 + ... + pS4*s^10
* and
* | pzero(x)-1-R/S | <= 2 ** ( -60.26)
*/
static const float pR8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
0.0000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000 */
-7.0312500000e-02, /* 0xbd900000 */
-8.0816707611e+00, /* 0xc1014e86 */
-2.5706311035e+02, /* 0xc3808814 */
-2.4852163086e+03, /* 0xc51b5376 */
-5.2530439453e+03, /* 0xc5a4285a */
};
static const float pS8[5] = {
1.1653436279e+02, /* 0x42e91198 */
3.8337448730e+03, /* 0x456f9beb */
4.0597855469e+04, /* 0x471e95db */
1.1675296875e+05, /* 0x47e4087c */
4.7627726562e+04, /* 0x473a0bba */
};
static const float pR5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
-1.1412546255e-11, /* 0xad48c58a */
-7.0312492549e-02, /* 0xbd8fffff */
-4.1596107483e+00, /* 0xc0851b88 */
-6.7674766541e+01, /* 0xc287597b */
-3.3123129272e+02, /* 0xc3a59d9b */
-3.4643338013e+02, /* 0xc3ad3779 */
};
static const float pS5[5] = {
6.0753936768e+01, /* 0x42730408 */
1.0512523193e+03, /* 0x44836813 */
5.9789707031e+03, /* 0x45bad7c4 */
9.6254453125e+03, /* 0x461665c8 */
2.4060581055e+03, /* 0x451660ee */
};
static const float pR3[6] = {/* for x in [4.547,2.8571]=1/[0.2199,0.35001] */
-2.5470459075e-09, /* 0xb12f081b */
-7.0311963558e-02, /* 0xbd8fffb8 */
-2.4090321064e+00, /* 0xc01a2d95 */
-2.1965976715e+01, /* 0xc1afba52 */
-5.8079170227e+01, /* 0xc2685112 */
-3.1447946548e+01, /* 0xc1fb9565 */
};
static const float pS3[5] = {
3.5856033325e+01, /* 0x420f6c94 */
3.6151397705e+02, /* 0x43b4c1ca */
1.1936077881e+03, /* 0x44953373 */
1.1279968262e+03, /* 0x448cffe6 */
1.7358093262e+02, /* 0x432d94b8 */
};
static const float pR2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
-8.8753431271e-08, /* 0xb3be98b7 */
-7.0303097367e-02, /* 0xbd8ffb12 */
-1.4507384300e+00, /* 0xbfb9b1cc */
-7.6356959343e+00, /* 0xc0f4579f */
-1.1193166733e+01, /* 0xc1331736 */
-3.2336456776e+00, /* 0xc04ef40d */
};
static const float pS2[5] = {
2.2220300674e+01, /* 0x41b1c32d */
1.3620678711e+02, /* 0x430834f0 */
2.7047027588e+02, /* 0x43873c32 */
1.5387539673e+02, /* 0x4319e01a */
1.4657617569e+01, /* 0x416a859a */
};
static float pzerof(float x)
{
const float *p,*q;
float z,r,s;
int32_t ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(ix,x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x41000000) {p = pR8; q= pS8;}
else if(ix>=0x40f71c58){p = pR5; q= pS5;}
else if(ix>=0x4036db68){p = pR3; q= pS3;}
else if(ix>=0x40000000){p = pR2; q= pS2;}
z = one/(x*x);
r = p[0]+z*(p[1]+z*(p[2]+z*(p[3]+z*(p[4]+z*p[5]))));
s = one+z*(q[0]+z*(q[1]+z*(q[2]+z*(q[3]+z*q[4]))));
return one+ r/s;
}
/* For x >= 8, the asymptotic expansions of qzero is
* -1/8 s + 75/1024 s^3 - ..., where s = 1/x.
* We approximate pzero by
* qzero(x) = s*(-1.25 + (R/S))
* where R = qR0 + qR1*s^2 + qR2*s^4 + ... + qR5*s^10
* S = 1 + qS0*s^2 + ... + qS5*s^12
* and
* | qzero(x)/s +1.25-R/S | <= 2 ** ( -61.22)
*/
static const float qR8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
0.0000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000 */
7.3242187500e-02, /* 0x3d960000 */
1.1768206596e+01, /* 0x413c4a93 */
5.5767340088e+02, /* 0x440b6b19 */
8.8591972656e+03, /* 0x460a6cca */
3.7014625000e+04, /* 0x471096a0 */
};
static const float qS8[6] = {
1.6377603149e+02, /* 0x4323c6aa */
8.0983447266e+03, /* 0x45fd12c2 */
1.4253829688e+05, /* 0x480b3293 */
8.0330925000e+05, /* 0x49441ed4 */
8.4050156250e+05, /* 0x494d3359 */
-3.4389928125e+05, /* 0xc8a7eb69 */
};
static const float qR5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
1.8408595828e-11, /* 0x2da1ec79 */
7.3242180049e-02, /* 0x3d95ffff */
5.8356351852e+00, /* 0x40babd86 */
1.3511157227e+02, /* 0x43071c90 */
1.0272437744e+03, /* 0x448067cd */
1.9899779053e+03, /* 0x44f8bf4b */
};
static const float qS5[6] = {
8.2776611328e+01, /* 0x42a58da0 */
2.0778142090e+03, /* 0x4501dd07 */
1.8847289062e+04, /* 0x46933e94 */
5.6751113281e+04, /* 0x475daf1d */
3.5976753906e+04, /* 0x470c88c1 */
-5.3543427734e+03, /* 0xc5a752be */
};
static const float qR3[6] = {/* for x in [4.547,2.8571]=1/[0.2199,0.35001] */
4.3774099900e-09, /* 0x3196681b */
7.3241114616e-02, /* 0x3d95ff70 */
3.3442313671e+00, /* 0x405607e3 */
4.2621845245e+01, /* 0x422a7cc5 */
1.7080809021e+02, /* 0x432acedf */
1.6673394775e+02, /* 0x4326bbe4 */
};
static const float qS3[6] = {
4.8758872986e+01, /* 0x42430916 */
7.0968920898e+02, /* 0x44316c1c */
3.7041481934e+03, /* 0x4567825f */
6.4604252930e+03, /* 0x45c9e367 */
2.5163337402e+03, /* 0x451d4557 */
-1.4924745178e+02, /* 0xc3153f59 */
};
static const float qR2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
1.5044444979e-07, /* 0x342189db */
7.3223426938e-02, /* 0x3d95f62a */
1.9981917143e+00, /* 0x3fffc4bf */
1.4495602608e+01, /* 0x4167edfd */
3.1666231155e+01, /* 0x41fd5471 */
1.6252708435e+01, /* 0x4182058c */
};
static const float qS2[6] = {
3.0365585327e+01, /* 0x41f2ecb8 */
2.6934811401e+02, /* 0x4386ac8f */
8.4478375244e+02, /* 0x44533229 */
8.8293585205e+02, /* 0x445cbbe5 */
2.1266638184e+02, /* 0x4354aa98 */
-5.3109550476e+00, /* 0xc0a9f358 */
};
static float qzerof(float x)
{
const float *p,*q;
float s,r,z;
int32_t ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(ix,x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x41000000) {p = qR8; q= qS8;}
else if(ix>=0x40f71c58){p = qR5; q= qS5;}
else if(ix>=0x4036db68){p = qR3; q= qS3;}
else if(ix>=0x40000000){p = qR2; q= qS2;}
z = one/(x*x);
r = p[0]+z*(p[1]+z*(p[2]+z*(p[3]+z*(p[4]+z*p[5]))));
s = one+z*(q[0]+z*(q[1]+z*(q[2]+z*(q[3]+z*(q[4]+z*q[5])))));
return (-(float).125 + r/s)/x;
}

377
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/* @(#)e_j1.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_j1.c,v 1.8 2005/02/04 18:26:06 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_j1(x), __ieee754_y1(x)
* Bessel function of the first and second kinds of order zero.
* Method -- j1(x):
* 1. For tiny x, we use j1(x) = x/2 - x^3/16 + x^5/384 - ...
* 2. Reduce x to |x| since j1(x)=-j1(-x), and
* for x in (0,2)
* j1(x) = x/2 + x*z*R0/S0, where z = x*x;
* (precision: |j1/x - 1/2 - R0/S0 |<2**-61.51 )
* for x in (2,inf)
* j1(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p1(x)*cos(x1)-q1(x)*sin(x1))
* y1(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p1(x)*sin(x1)+q1(x)*cos(x1))
* where x1 = x-3*pi/4. It is better to compute sin(x1),cos(x1)
* as follow:
* cos(x1) = cos(x)cos(3pi/4)+sin(x)sin(3pi/4)
* = 1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) - cos(x))
* sin(x1) = sin(x)cos(3pi/4)-cos(x)sin(3pi/4)
* = -1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) + cos(x))
* (To avoid cancellation, use
* sin(x) +- cos(x) = -cos(2x)/(sin(x) -+ cos(x))
* to compute the worse one.)
*
* 3 Special cases
* j1(nan)= nan
* j1(0) = 0
* j1(inf) = 0
*
* Method -- y1(x):
* 1. screen out x<=0 cases: y1(0)=-inf, y1(x<0)=NaN
* 2. For x<2.
* Since
* y1(x) = 2/pi*(j1(x)*(ln(x/2)+Euler)-1/x-x/2+5/64*x^3-...)
* therefore y1(x)-2/pi*j1(x)*ln(x)-1/x is an odd function.
* We use the following function to approximate y1,
* y1(x) = x*U(z)/V(z) + (2/pi)*(j1(x)*ln(x)-1/x), z= x^2
* where for x in [0,2] (abs err less than 2**-65.89)
* U(z) = U0[0] + U0[1]*z + ... + U0[4]*z^4
* V(z) = 1 + v0[0]*z + ... + v0[4]*z^5
* Note: For tiny x, 1/x dominate y1 and hence
* y1(tiny) = -2/pi/tiny, (choose tiny<2**-54)
* 3. For x>=2.
* y1(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p1(x)*sin(x1)+q1(x)*cos(x1))
* where x1 = x-3*pi/4. It is better to compute sin(x1),cos(x1)
* by method mentioned above.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static double pone(double), qone(double);
static const double
huge = 1e300,
one = 1.0,
invsqrtpi= 5.64189583547756279280e-01, /* 0x3FE20DD7, 0x50429B6D */
tpi = 6.36619772367581382433e-01, /* 0x3FE45F30, 0x6DC9C883 */
/* R0/S0 on [0,2] */
r00 = -6.25000000000000000000e-02, /* 0xBFB00000, 0x00000000 */
r01 = 1.40705666955189706048e-03, /* 0x3F570D9F, 0x98472C61 */
r02 = -1.59955631084035597520e-05, /* 0xBEF0C5C6, 0xBA169668 */
r03 = 4.96727999609584448412e-08, /* 0x3E6AAAFA, 0x46CA0BD9 */
s01 = 1.91537599538363460805e-02, /* 0x3F939D0B, 0x12637E53 */
s02 = 1.85946785588630915560e-04, /* 0x3F285F56, 0xB9CDF664 */
s03 = 1.17718464042623683263e-06, /* 0x3EB3BFF8, 0x333F8498 */
s04 = 5.04636257076217042715e-09, /* 0x3E35AC88, 0xC97DFF2C */
s05 = 1.23542274426137913908e-11; /* 0x3DAB2ACF, 0xCFB97ED8 */
static const double zero = 0.0;
double
__ieee754_j1(double x)
{
double z, s,c,ss,cc,r,u,v,y;
int32_t hx,ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return one/x;
y = fabs(x);
if(ix >= 0x40000000) { /* |x| >= 2.0 */
s = sin(y);
c = cos(y);
ss = -s-c;
cc = s-c;
if(ix<0x7fe00000) { /* make sure y+y not overflow */
z = cos(y+y);
if ((s*c)>zero) cc = z/ss;
else ss = z/cc;
}
/*
* j1(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(1,x)*cc - Q(1,x)*ss) / sqrt(x)
* y1(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(1,x)*ss + Q(1,x)*cc) / sqrt(x)
*/
if(ix>0x48000000) z = (invsqrtpi*cc)/sqrt(y);
else {
u = pone(y); v = qone(y);
z = invsqrtpi*(u*cc-v*ss)/sqrt(y);
}
if(hx<0) return -z;
else return z;
}
if(ix<0x3e400000) { /* |x|<2**-27 */
if(huge+x>one) return 0.5*x;/* inexact if x!=0 necessary */
}
z = x*x;
r = z*(r00+z*(r01+z*(r02+z*r03)));
s = one+z*(s01+z*(s02+z*(s03+z*(s04+z*s05))));
r *= x;
return(x*0.5+r/s);
}
static const double U0[5] = {
-1.96057090646238940668e-01, /* 0xBFC91866, 0x143CBC8A */
5.04438716639811282616e-02, /* 0x3FA9D3C7, 0x76292CD1 */
-1.91256895875763547298e-03, /* 0xBF5F55E5, 0x4844F50F */
2.35252600561610495928e-05, /* 0x3EF8AB03, 0x8FA6B88E */
-9.19099158039878874504e-08, /* 0xBE78AC00, 0x569105B8 */
};
static const double V0[5] = {
1.99167318236649903973e-02, /* 0x3F94650D, 0x3F4DA9F0 */
2.02552581025135171496e-04, /* 0x3F2A8C89, 0x6C257764 */
1.35608801097516229404e-06, /* 0x3EB6C05A, 0x894E8CA6 */
6.22741452364621501295e-09, /* 0x3E3ABF1D, 0x5BA69A86 */
1.66559246207992079114e-11, /* 0x3DB25039, 0xDACA772A */
};
double
__ieee754_y1(double x)
{
double z, s,c,ss,cc,u,v;
int32_t hx,ix,lx;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
ix = 0x7fffffff&hx;
/* if Y1(NaN) is NaN, Y1(-inf) is NaN, Y1(inf) is 0 */
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return one/(x+x*x);
if((ix|lx)==0) return -one/zero;
if(hx<0) return zero/zero;
if(ix >= 0x40000000) { /* |x| >= 2.0 */
s = sin(x);
c = cos(x);
ss = -s-c;
cc = s-c;
if(ix<0x7fe00000) { /* make sure x+x not overflow */
z = cos(x+x);
if ((s*c)>zero) cc = z/ss;
else ss = z/cc;
}
/* y1(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p1(x)*sin(x0)+q1(x)*cos(x0))
* where x0 = x-3pi/4
* Better formula:
* cos(x0) = cos(x)cos(3pi/4)+sin(x)sin(3pi/4)
* = 1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) - cos(x))
* sin(x0) = sin(x)cos(3pi/4)-cos(x)sin(3pi/4)
* = -1/sqrt(2) * (cos(x) + sin(x))
* To avoid cancellation, use
* sin(x) +- cos(x) = -cos(2x)/(sin(x) -+ cos(x))
* to compute the worse one.
*/
if(ix>0x48000000) z = (invsqrtpi*ss)/sqrt(x);
else {
u = pone(x); v = qone(x);
z = invsqrtpi*(u*ss+v*cc)/sqrt(x);
}
return z;
}
if(ix<=0x3c900000) { /* x < 2**-54 */
return(-tpi/x);
}
z = x*x;
u = U0[0]+z*(U0[1]+z*(U0[2]+z*(U0[3]+z*U0[4])));
v = one+z*(V0[0]+z*(V0[1]+z*(V0[2]+z*(V0[3]+z*V0[4]))));
return(x*(u/v) + tpi*(__ieee754_j1(x)*__ieee754_log(x)-one/x));
}
/* For x >= 8, the asymptotic expansions of pone is
* 1 + 15/128 s^2 - 4725/2^15 s^4 - ..., where s = 1/x.
* We approximate pone by
* pone(x) = 1 + (R/S)
* where R = pr0 + pr1*s^2 + pr2*s^4 + ... + pr5*s^10
* S = 1 + ps0*s^2 + ... + ps4*s^10
* and
* | pone(x)-1-R/S | <= 2 ** ( -60.06)
*/
static const double pr8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
0.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000, 0x00000000 */
1.17187499999988647970e-01, /* 0x3FBDFFFF, 0xFFFFFCCE */
1.32394806593073575129e+01, /* 0x402A7A9D, 0x357F7FCE */
4.12051854307378562225e+02, /* 0x4079C0D4, 0x652EA590 */
3.87474538913960532227e+03, /* 0x40AE457D, 0xA3A532CC */
7.91447954031891731574e+03, /* 0x40BEEA7A, 0xC32782DD */
};
static const double ps8[5] = {
1.14207370375678408436e+02, /* 0x405C8D45, 0x8E656CAC */
3.65093083420853463394e+03, /* 0x40AC85DC, 0x964D274F */
3.69562060269033463555e+04, /* 0x40E20B86, 0x97C5BB7F */
9.76027935934950801311e+04, /* 0x40F7D42C, 0xB28F17BB */
3.08042720627888811578e+04, /* 0x40DE1511, 0x697A0B2D */
};
static const double pr5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
1.31990519556243522749e-11, /* 0x3DAD0667, 0xDAE1CA7D */
1.17187493190614097638e-01, /* 0x3FBDFFFF, 0xE2C10043 */
6.80275127868432871736e+00, /* 0x401B3604, 0x6E6315E3 */
1.08308182990189109773e+02, /* 0x405B13B9, 0x452602ED */
5.17636139533199752805e+02, /* 0x40802D16, 0xD052D649 */
5.28715201363337541807e+02, /* 0x408085B8, 0xBB7E0CB7 */
};
static const double ps5[5] = {
5.92805987221131331921e+01, /* 0x404DA3EA, 0xA8AF633D */
9.91401418733614377743e+02, /* 0x408EFB36, 0x1B066701 */
5.35326695291487976647e+03, /* 0x40B4E944, 0x5706B6FB */
7.84469031749551231769e+03, /* 0x40BEA4B0, 0xB8A5BB15 */
1.50404688810361062679e+03, /* 0x40978030, 0x036F5E51 */
};
static const double pr3[6] = {
3.02503916137373618024e-09, /* 0x3E29FC21, 0xA7AD9EDD */
1.17186865567253592491e-01, /* 0x3FBDFFF5, 0x5B21D17B */
3.93297750033315640650e+00, /* 0x400F76BC, 0xE85EAD8A */
3.51194035591636932736e+01, /* 0x40418F48, 0x9DA6D129 */
9.10550110750781271918e+01, /* 0x4056C385, 0x4D2C1837 */
4.85590685197364919645e+01, /* 0x4048478F, 0x8EA83EE5 */
};
static const double ps3[5] = {
3.47913095001251519989e+01, /* 0x40416549, 0xA134069C */
3.36762458747825746741e+02, /* 0x40750C33, 0x07F1A75F */
1.04687139975775130551e+03, /* 0x40905B7C, 0x5037D523 */
8.90811346398256432622e+02, /* 0x408BD67D, 0xA32E31E9 */
1.03787932439639277504e+02, /* 0x4059F26D, 0x7C2EED53 */
};
static const double pr2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
1.07710830106873743082e-07, /* 0x3E7CE9D4, 0xF65544F4 */
1.17176219462683348094e-01, /* 0x3FBDFF42, 0xBE760D83 */
2.36851496667608785174e+00, /* 0x4002F2B7, 0xF98FAEC0 */
1.22426109148261232917e+01, /* 0x40287C37, 0x7F71A964 */
1.76939711271687727390e+01, /* 0x4031B1A8, 0x177F8EE2 */
5.07352312588818499250e+00, /* 0x40144B49, 0xA574C1FE */
};
static const double ps2[5] = {
2.14364859363821409488e+01, /* 0x40356FBD, 0x8AD5ECDC */
1.25290227168402751090e+02, /* 0x405F5293, 0x14F92CD5 */
2.32276469057162813669e+02, /* 0x406D08D8, 0xD5A2DBD9 */
1.17679373287147100768e+02, /* 0x405D6B7A, 0xDA1884A9 */
8.36463893371618283368e+00, /* 0x4020BAB1, 0xF44E5192 */
};
static double pone(double x)
{
const double *p,*q;
double z,r,s;
int32_t ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x40200000) {p = pr8; q= ps8;}
else if(ix>=0x40122E8B){p = pr5; q= ps5;}
else if(ix>=0x4006DB6D){p = pr3; q= ps3;}
else if(ix>=0x40000000){p = pr2; q= ps2;}
z = one/(x*x);
r = p[0]+z*(p[1]+z*(p[2]+z*(p[3]+z*(p[4]+z*p[5]))));
s = one+z*(q[0]+z*(q[1]+z*(q[2]+z*(q[3]+z*q[4]))));
return one+ r/s;
}
/* For x >= 8, the asymptotic expansions of qone is
* 3/8 s - 105/1024 s^3 - ..., where s = 1/x.
* We approximate pone by
* qone(x) = s*(0.375 + (R/S))
* where R = qr1*s^2 + qr2*s^4 + ... + qr5*s^10
* S = 1 + qs1*s^2 + ... + qs6*s^12
* and
* | qone(x)/s -0.375-R/S | <= 2 ** ( -61.13)
*/
static const double qr8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
0.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000, 0x00000000 */
-1.02539062499992714161e-01, /* 0xBFBA3FFF, 0xFFFFFDF3 */
-1.62717534544589987888e+01, /* 0xC0304591, 0xA26779F7 */
-7.59601722513950107896e+02, /* 0xC087BCD0, 0x53E4B576 */
-1.18498066702429587167e+04, /* 0xC0C724E7, 0x40F87415 */
-4.84385124285750353010e+04, /* 0xC0E7A6D0, 0x65D09C6A */
};
static const double qs8[6] = {
1.61395369700722909556e+02, /* 0x40642CA6, 0xDE5BCDE5 */
7.82538599923348465381e+03, /* 0x40BE9162, 0xD0D88419 */
1.33875336287249578163e+05, /* 0x4100579A, 0xB0B75E98 */
7.19657723683240939863e+05, /* 0x4125F653, 0x72869C19 */
6.66601232617776375264e+05, /* 0x412457D2, 0x7719AD5C */
-2.94490264303834643215e+05, /* 0xC111F969, 0x0EA5AA18 */
};
static const double qr5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
-2.08979931141764104297e-11, /* 0xBDB6FA43, 0x1AA1A098 */
-1.02539050241375426231e-01, /* 0xBFBA3FFF, 0xCB597FEF */
-8.05644828123936029840e+00, /* 0xC0201CE6, 0xCA03AD4B */
-1.83669607474888380239e+02, /* 0xC066F56D, 0x6CA7B9B0 */
-1.37319376065508163265e+03, /* 0xC09574C6, 0x6931734F */
-2.61244440453215656817e+03, /* 0xC0A468E3, 0x88FDA79D */
};
static const double qs5[6] = {
8.12765501384335777857e+01, /* 0x405451B2, 0xFF5A11B2 */
1.99179873460485964642e+03, /* 0x409F1F31, 0xE77BF839 */
1.74684851924908907677e+04, /* 0x40D10F1F, 0x0D64CE29 */
4.98514270910352279316e+04, /* 0x40E8576D, 0xAABAD197 */
2.79480751638918118260e+04, /* 0x40DB4B04, 0xCF7C364B */
-4.71918354795128470869e+03, /* 0xC0B26F2E, 0xFCFFA004 */
};
static const double qr3[6] = {
-5.07831226461766561369e-09, /* 0xBE35CFA9, 0xD38FC84F */
-1.02537829820837089745e-01, /* 0xBFBA3FEB, 0x51AEED54 */
-4.61011581139473403113e+00, /* 0xC01270C2, 0x3302D9FF */
-5.78472216562783643212e+01, /* 0xC04CEC71, 0xC25D16DA */
-2.28244540737631695038e+02, /* 0xC06C87D3, 0x4718D55F */
-2.19210128478909325622e+02, /* 0xC06B66B9, 0x5F5C1BF6 */
};
static const double qs3[6] = {
4.76651550323729509273e+01, /* 0x4047D523, 0xCCD367E4 */
6.73865112676699709482e+02, /* 0x40850EEB, 0xC031EE3E */
3.38015286679526343505e+03, /* 0x40AA684E, 0x448E7C9A */
5.54772909720722782367e+03, /* 0x40B5ABBA, 0xA61D54A6 */
1.90311919338810798763e+03, /* 0x409DBC7A, 0x0DD4DF4B */
-1.35201191444307340817e+02, /* 0xC060E670, 0x290A311F */
};
static const double qr2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
-1.78381727510958865572e-07, /* 0xBE87F126, 0x44C626D2 */
-1.02517042607985553460e-01, /* 0xBFBA3E8E, 0x9148B010 */
-2.75220568278187460720e+00, /* 0xC0060484, 0x69BB4EDA */
-1.96636162643703720221e+01, /* 0xC033A9E2, 0xC168907F */
-4.23253133372830490089e+01, /* 0xC04529A3, 0xDE104AAA */
-2.13719211703704061733e+01, /* 0xC0355F36, 0x39CF6E52 */
};
static const double qs2[6] = {
2.95333629060523854548e+01, /* 0x403D888A, 0x78AE64FF */
2.52981549982190529136e+02, /* 0x406F9F68, 0xDB821CBA */
7.57502834868645436472e+02, /* 0x4087AC05, 0xCE49A0F7 */
7.39393205320467245656e+02, /* 0x40871B25, 0x48D4C029 */
1.55949003336666123687e+02, /* 0x40637E5E, 0x3C3ED8D4 */
-4.95949898822628210127e+00, /* 0xC013D686, 0xE71BE86B */
};
static double qone(double x)
{
const double *p,*q;
double s,r,z;
int32_t ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x40200000) {p = qr8; q= qs8;}
else if(ix>=0x40122E8B){p = qr5; q= qs5;}
else if(ix>=0x4006DB6D){p = qr3; q= qs3;}
else if(ix>=0x40000000){p = qr2; q= qs2;}
z = one/(x*x);
r = p[0]+z*(p[1]+z*(p[2]+z*(p[3]+z*(p[4]+z*p[5]))));
s = one+z*(q[0]+z*(q[1]+z*(q[2]+z*(q[3]+z*(q[4]+z*q[5])))));
return (.375 + r/s)/x;
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
/* e_j1f.c -- float version of e_j1.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_j1f.c,v 1.7 2002/05/28 18:15:04 alfred Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static float ponef(float), qonef(float);
static const float
huge = 1e30,
one = 1.0,
invsqrtpi= 5.6418961287e-01, /* 0x3f106ebb */
tpi = 6.3661974669e-01, /* 0x3f22f983 */
/* R0/S0 on [0,2] */
r00 = -6.2500000000e-02, /* 0xbd800000 */
r01 = 1.4070566976e-03, /* 0x3ab86cfd */
r02 = -1.5995563444e-05, /* 0xb7862e36 */
r03 = 4.9672799207e-08, /* 0x335557d2 */
s01 = 1.9153760746e-02, /* 0x3c9ce859 */
s02 = 1.8594678841e-04, /* 0x3942fab6 */
s03 = 1.1771846857e-06, /* 0x359dffc2 */
s04 = 5.0463624390e-09, /* 0x31ad6446 */
s05 = 1.2354227016e-11; /* 0x2d59567e */
static const float zero = 0.0;
float
__ieee754_j1f(float x)
{
float z, s,c,ss,cc,r,u,v,y;
int32_t hx,ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7f800000) return one/x;
y = fabsf(x);
if(ix >= 0x40000000) { /* |x| >= 2.0 */
s = sinf(y);
c = cosf(y);
ss = -s-c;
cc = s-c;
if(ix<0x7f000000) { /* make sure y+y not overflow */
z = cosf(y+y);
if ((s*c)>zero) cc = z/ss;
else ss = z/cc;
}
/*
* j1(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(1,x)*cc - Q(1,x)*ss) / sqrt(x)
* y1(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(1,x)*ss + Q(1,x)*cc) / sqrt(x)
*/
if(ix>0x80000000) z = (invsqrtpi*cc)/sqrtf(y);
else {
u = ponef(y); v = qonef(y);
z = invsqrtpi*(u*cc-v*ss)/sqrtf(y);
}
if(hx<0) return -z;
else return z;
}
if(ix<0x32000000) { /* |x|<2**-27 */
if(huge+x>one) return (float)0.5*x;/* inexact if x!=0 necessary */
}
z = x*x;
r = z*(r00+z*(r01+z*(r02+z*r03)));
s = one+z*(s01+z*(s02+z*(s03+z*(s04+z*s05))));
r *= x;
return(x*(float)0.5+r/s);
}
static const float U0[5] = {
-1.9605709612e-01, /* 0xbe48c331 */
5.0443872809e-02, /* 0x3d4e9e3c */
-1.9125689287e-03, /* 0xbafaaf2a */
2.3525259166e-05, /* 0x37c5581c */
-9.1909917899e-08, /* 0xb3c56003 */
};
static const float V0[5] = {
1.9916731864e-02, /* 0x3ca3286a */
2.0255257550e-04, /* 0x3954644b */
1.3560879779e-06, /* 0x35b602d4 */
6.2274145840e-09, /* 0x31d5f8eb */
1.6655924903e-11, /* 0x2d9281cf */
};
float
__ieee754_y1f(float x)
{
float z, s,c,ss,cc,u,v;
int32_t hx,ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
ix = 0x7fffffff&hx;
/* if Y1(NaN) is NaN, Y1(-inf) is NaN, Y1(inf) is 0 */
if(ix>=0x7f800000) return one/(x+x*x);
if(ix==0) return -one/zero;
if(hx<0) return zero/zero;
if(ix >= 0x40000000) { /* |x| >= 2.0 */
s = sinf(x);
c = cosf(x);
ss = -s-c;
cc = s-c;
if(ix<0x7f000000) { /* make sure x+x not overflow */
z = cosf(x+x);
if ((s*c)>zero) cc = z/ss;
else ss = z/cc;
}
/* y1(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p1(x)*sin(x0)+q1(x)*cos(x0))
* where x0 = x-3pi/4
* Better formula:
* cos(x0) = cos(x)cos(3pi/4)+sin(x)sin(3pi/4)
* = 1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) - cos(x))
* sin(x0) = sin(x)cos(3pi/4)-cos(x)sin(3pi/4)
* = -1/sqrt(2) * (cos(x) + sin(x))
* To avoid cancellation, use
* sin(x) +- cos(x) = -cos(2x)/(sin(x) -+ cos(x))
* to compute the worse one.
*/
if(ix>0x48000000) z = (invsqrtpi*ss)/sqrtf(x);
else {
u = ponef(x); v = qonef(x);
z = invsqrtpi*(u*ss+v*cc)/sqrtf(x);
}
return z;
}
if(ix<=0x24800000) { /* x < 2**-54 */
return(-tpi/x);
}
z = x*x;
u = U0[0]+z*(U0[1]+z*(U0[2]+z*(U0[3]+z*U0[4])));
v = one+z*(V0[0]+z*(V0[1]+z*(V0[2]+z*(V0[3]+z*V0[4]))));
return(x*(u/v) + tpi*(__ieee754_j1f(x)*__ieee754_logf(x)-one/x));
}
/* For x >= 8, the asymptotic expansions of pone is
* 1 + 15/128 s^2 - 4725/2^15 s^4 - ..., where s = 1/x.
* We approximate pone by
* pone(x) = 1 + (R/S)
* where R = pr0 + pr1*s^2 + pr2*s^4 + ... + pr5*s^10
* S = 1 + ps0*s^2 + ... + ps4*s^10
* and
* | pone(x)-1-R/S | <= 2 ** ( -60.06)
*/
static const float pr8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
0.0000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000 */
1.1718750000e-01, /* 0x3df00000 */
1.3239480972e+01, /* 0x4153d4ea */
4.1205184937e+02, /* 0x43ce06a3 */
3.8747453613e+03, /* 0x45722bed */
7.9144794922e+03, /* 0x45f753d6 */
};
static const float ps8[5] = {
1.1420736694e+02, /* 0x42e46a2c */
3.6509309082e+03, /* 0x45642ee5 */
3.6956207031e+04, /* 0x47105c35 */
9.7602796875e+04, /* 0x47bea166 */
3.0804271484e+04, /* 0x46f0a88b */
};
static const float pr5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
1.3199052094e-11, /* 0x2d68333f */
1.1718749255e-01, /* 0x3defffff */
6.8027510643e+00, /* 0x40d9b023 */
1.0830818176e+02, /* 0x42d89dca */
5.1763616943e+02, /* 0x440168b7 */
5.2871520996e+02, /* 0x44042dc6 */
};
static const float ps5[5] = {
5.9280597687e+01, /* 0x426d1f55 */
9.9140142822e+02, /* 0x4477d9b1 */
5.3532670898e+03, /* 0x45a74a23 */
7.8446904297e+03, /* 0x45f52586 */
1.5040468750e+03, /* 0x44bc0180 */
};
static const float pr3[6] = {
3.0250391081e-09, /* 0x314fe10d */
1.1718686670e-01, /* 0x3defffab */
3.9329774380e+00, /* 0x407bb5e7 */
3.5119403839e+01, /* 0x420c7a45 */
9.1055007935e+01, /* 0x42b61c2a */
4.8559066772e+01, /* 0x42423c7c */
};
static const float ps3[5] = {
3.4791309357e+01, /* 0x420b2a4d */
3.3676245117e+02, /* 0x43a86198 */
1.0468714600e+03, /* 0x4482dbe3 */
8.9081134033e+02, /* 0x445eb3ed */
1.0378793335e+02, /* 0x42cf936c */
};
static const float pr2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
1.0771083225e-07, /* 0x33e74ea8 */
1.1717621982e-01, /* 0x3deffa16 */
2.3685150146e+00, /* 0x401795c0 */
1.2242610931e+01, /* 0x4143e1bc */
1.7693971634e+01, /* 0x418d8d41 */
5.0735230446e+00, /* 0x40a25a4d */
};
static const float ps2[5] = {
2.1436485291e+01, /* 0x41ab7dec */
1.2529022980e+02, /* 0x42fa9499 */
2.3227647400e+02, /* 0x436846c7 */
1.1767937469e+02, /* 0x42eb5bd7 */
8.3646392822e+00, /* 0x4105d590 */
};
static float ponef(float x)
{
const float *p,*q;
float z,r,s;
int32_t ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(ix,x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x41000000) {p = pr8; q= ps8;}
else if(ix>=0x40f71c58){p = pr5; q= ps5;}
else if(ix>=0x4036db68){p = pr3; q= ps3;}
else if(ix>=0x40000000){p = pr2; q= ps2;}
z = one/(x*x);
r = p[0]+z*(p[1]+z*(p[2]+z*(p[3]+z*(p[4]+z*p[5]))));
s = one+z*(q[0]+z*(q[1]+z*(q[2]+z*(q[3]+z*q[4]))));
return one+ r/s;
}
/* For x >= 8, the asymptotic expansions of qone is
* 3/8 s - 105/1024 s^3 - ..., where s = 1/x.
* We approximate pone by
* qone(x) = s*(0.375 + (R/S))
* where R = qr1*s^2 + qr2*s^4 + ... + qr5*s^10
* S = 1 + qs1*s^2 + ... + qs6*s^12
* and
* | qone(x)/s -0.375-R/S | <= 2 ** ( -61.13)
*/
static const float qr8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
0.0000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000 */
-1.0253906250e-01, /* 0xbdd20000 */
-1.6271753311e+01, /* 0xc1822c8d */
-7.5960174561e+02, /* 0xc43de683 */
-1.1849806641e+04, /* 0xc639273a */
-4.8438511719e+04, /* 0xc73d3683 */
};
static const float qs8[6] = {
1.6139537048e+02, /* 0x43216537 */
7.8253862305e+03, /* 0x45f48b17 */
1.3387534375e+05, /* 0x4802bcd6 */
7.1965775000e+05, /* 0x492fb29c */
6.6660125000e+05, /* 0x4922be94 */
-2.9449025000e+05, /* 0xc88fcb48 */
};
static const float qr5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
-2.0897993405e-11, /* 0xadb7d219 */
-1.0253904760e-01, /* 0xbdd1fffe */
-8.0564479828e+00, /* 0xc100e736 */
-1.8366960144e+02, /* 0xc337ab6b */
-1.3731937256e+03, /* 0xc4aba633 */
-2.6124443359e+03, /* 0xc523471c */
};
static const float qs5[6] = {
8.1276550293e+01, /* 0x42a28d98 */
1.9917987061e+03, /* 0x44f8f98f */
1.7468484375e+04, /* 0x468878f8 */
4.9851425781e+04, /* 0x4742bb6d */
2.7948074219e+04, /* 0x46da5826 */
-4.7191835938e+03, /* 0xc5937978 */
};
static const float qr3[6] = {
-5.0783124372e-09, /* 0xb1ae7d4f */
-1.0253783315e-01, /* 0xbdd1ff5b */
-4.6101160049e+00, /* 0xc0938612 */
-5.7847221375e+01, /* 0xc267638e */
-2.2824453735e+02, /* 0xc3643e9a */
-2.1921012878e+02, /* 0xc35b35cb */
};
static const float qs3[6] = {
4.7665153503e+01, /* 0x423ea91e */
6.7386511230e+02, /* 0x4428775e */
3.3801528320e+03, /* 0x45534272 */
5.5477290039e+03, /* 0x45ad5dd5 */
1.9031191406e+03, /* 0x44ede3d0 */
-1.3520118713e+02, /* 0xc3073381 */
};
static const float qr2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
-1.7838172539e-07, /* 0xb43f8932 */
-1.0251704603e-01, /* 0xbdd1f475 */
-2.7522056103e+00, /* 0xc0302423 */
-1.9663616180e+01, /* 0xc19d4f16 */
-4.2325313568e+01, /* 0xc2294d1f */
-2.1371921539e+01, /* 0xc1aaf9b2 */
};
static const float qs2[6] = {
2.9533363342e+01, /* 0x41ec4454 */
2.5298155212e+02, /* 0x437cfb47 */
7.5750280762e+02, /* 0x443d602e */
7.3939318848e+02, /* 0x4438d92a */
1.5594900513e+02, /* 0x431bf2f2 */
-4.9594988823e+00, /* 0xc09eb437 */
};
static float qonef(float x)
{
const float *p,*q;
float s,r,z;
int32_t ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(ix,x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x40200000) {p = qr8; q= qs8;}
else if(ix>=0x40f71c58){p = qr5; q= qs5;}
else if(ix>=0x4036db68){p = qr3; q= qs3;}
else if(ix>=0x40000000){p = qr2; q= qs2;}
z = one/(x*x);
r = p[0]+z*(p[1]+z*(p[2]+z*(p[3]+z*(p[4]+z*p[5]))));
s = one+z*(q[0]+z*(q[1]+z*(q[2]+z*(q[3]+z*(q[4]+z*q[5])))));
return ((float).375 + r/s)/x;
}

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/* @(#)e_jn.c 1.4 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_jn.c,v 1.9 2005/02/04 18:26:06 das Exp $";
#endif
/*
* __ieee754_jn(n, x), __ieee754_yn(n, x)
* floating point Bessel's function of the 1st and 2nd kind
* of order n
*
* Special cases:
* y0(0)=y1(0)=yn(n,0) = -inf with division by zero signal;
* y0(-ve)=y1(-ve)=yn(n,-ve) are NaN with invalid signal.
* Note 2. About jn(n,x), yn(n,x)
* For n=0, j0(x) is called,
* for n=1, j1(x) is called,
* for n<x, forward recursion us used starting
* from values of j0(x) and j1(x).
* for n>x, a continued fraction approximation to
* j(n,x)/j(n-1,x) is evaluated and then backward
* recursion is used starting from a supposed value
* for j(n,x). The resulting value of j(0,x) is
* compared with the actual value to correct the
* supposed value of j(n,x).
*
* yn(n,x) is similar in all respects, except
* that forward recursion is used for all
* values of n>1.
*
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
invsqrtpi= 5.64189583547756279280e-01, /* 0x3FE20DD7, 0x50429B6D */
two = 2.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x40000000, 0x00000000 */
one = 1.00000000000000000000e+00; /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
static const double zero = 0.00000000000000000000e+00;
double
__ieee754_jn(int n, double x)
{
int32_t i,hx,ix,lx, sgn;
double a, b, temp, di;
double z, w;
/* J(-n,x) = (-1)^n * J(n, x), J(n, -x) = (-1)^n * J(n, x)
* Thus, J(-n,x) = J(n,-x)
*/
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
ix = 0x7fffffff&hx;
/* if J(n,NaN) is NaN */
if((ix|((u_int32_t)(lx|-lx))>>31)>0x7ff00000) return x+x;
if(n<0){
n = -n;
x = -x;
hx ^= 0x80000000;
}
if(n==0) return(__ieee754_j0(x));
if(n==1) return(__ieee754_j1(x));
sgn = (n&1)&(hx>>31); /* even n -- 0, odd n -- sign(x) */
x = fabs(x);
if((ix|lx)==0||ix>=0x7ff00000) /* if x is 0 or inf */
b = zero;
else if((double)n<=x) {
/* Safe to use J(n+1,x)=2n/x *J(n,x)-J(n-1,x) */
if(ix>=0x52D00000) { /* x > 2**302 */
/* (x >> n**2)
* Jn(x) = cos(x-(2n+1)*pi/4)*sqrt(2/x*pi)
* Yn(x) = sin(x-(2n+1)*pi/4)*sqrt(2/x*pi)
* Let s=sin(x), c=cos(x),
* xn=x-(2n+1)*pi/4, sqt2 = sqrt(2),then
*
* n sin(xn)*sqt2 cos(xn)*sqt2
* ----------------------------------
* 0 s-c c+s
* 1 -s-c -c+s
* 2 -s+c -c-s
* 3 s+c c-s
*/
switch(n&3) {
case 0: temp = cos(x)+sin(x); break;
case 1: temp = -cos(x)+sin(x); break;
case 2: temp = -cos(x)-sin(x); break;
case 3: temp = cos(x)-sin(x); break;
}
b = invsqrtpi*temp/sqrt(x);
} else {
a = __ieee754_j0(x);
b = __ieee754_j1(x);
for(i=1;i<n;i++){
temp = b;
b = b*((double)(i+i)/x) - a; /* avoid underflow */
a = temp;
}
}
} else {
if(ix<0x3e100000) { /* x < 2**-29 */
/* x is tiny, return the first Taylor expansion of J(n,x)
* J(n,x) = 1/n!*(x/2)^n - ...
*/
if(n>33) /* underflow */
b = zero;
else {
temp = x*0.5; b = temp;
for (a=one,i=2;i<=n;i++) {
a *= (double)i; /* a = n! */
b *= temp; /* b = (x/2)^n */
}
b = b/a;
}
} else {
/* use backward recurrence */
/* x x^2 x^2
* J(n,x)/J(n-1,x) = ---- ------ ------ .....
* 2n - 2(n+1) - 2(n+2)
*
* 1 1 1
* (for large x) = ---- ------ ------ .....
* 2n 2(n+1) 2(n+2)
* -- - ------ - ------ -
* x x x
*
* Let w = 2n/x and h=2/x, then the above quotient
* is equal to the continued fraction:
* 1
* = -----------------------
* 1
* w - -----------------
* 1
* w+h - ---------
* w+2h - ...
*
* To determine how many terms needed, let
* Q(0) = w, Q(1) = w(w+h) - 1,
* Q(k) = (w+k*h)*Q(k-1) - Q(k-2),
* When Q(k) > 1e4 good for single
* When Q(k) > 1e9 good for double
* When Q(k) > 1e17 good for quadruple
*/
/* determine k */
double t,v;
double q0,q1,h,tmp; int32_t k,m;
w = (n+n)/(double)x; h = 2.0/(double)x;
q0 = w; z = w+h; q1 = w*z - 1.0; k=1;
while(q1<1.0e9) {
k += 1; z += h;
tmp = z*q1 - q0;
q0 = q1;
q1 = tmp;
}
m = n+n;
for(t=zero, i = 2*(n+k); i>=m; i -= 2) t = one/(i/x-t);
a = t;
b = one;
/* estimate log((2/x)^n*n!) = n*log(2/x)+n*ln(n)
* Hence, if n*(log(2n/x)) > ...
* single 8.8722839355e+01
* double 7.09782712893383973096e+02
* long double 1.1356523406294143949491931077970765006170e+04
* then recurrent value may overflow and the result is
* likely underflow to zero
*/
tmp = n;
v = two/x;
tmp = tmp*__ieee754_log(fabs(v*tmp));
if(tmp<7.09782712893383973096e+02) {
for(i=n-1,di=(double)(i+i);i>0;i--){
temp = b;
b *= di;
b = b/x - a;
a = temp;
di -= two;
}
} else {
for(i=n-1,di=(double)(i+i);i>0;i--){
temp = b;
b *= di;
b = b/x - a;
a = temp;
di -= two;
/* scale b to avoid spurious overflow */
if(b>1e100) {
a /= b;
t /= b;
b = one;
}
}
}
b = (t*__ieee754_j0(x)/b);
}
}
if(sgn==1) return -b; else return b;
}
double
__ieee754_yn(int n, double x)
{
int32_t i,hx,ix,lx;
int32_t sign;
double a, b, temp;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
ix = 0x7fffffff&hx;
/* if Y(n,NaN) is NaN */
if((ix|((u_int32_t)(lx|-lx))>>31)>0x7ff00000) return x+x;
if((ix|lx)==0) return -one/zero;
if(hx<0) return zero/zero;
sign = 1;
if(n<0){
n = -n;
sign = 1 - ((n&1)<<1);
}
if(n==0) return(__ieee754_y0(x));
if(n==1) return(sign*__ieee754_y1(x));
if(ix==0x7ff00000) return zero;
if(ix>=0x52D00000) { /* x > 2**302 */
/* (x >> n**2)
* Jn(x) = cos(x-(2n+1)*pi/4)*sqrt(2/x*pi)
* Yn(x) = sin(x-(2n+1)*pi/4)*sqrt(2/x*pi)
* Let s=sin(x), c=cos(x),
* xn=x-(2n+1)*pi/4, sqt2 = sqrt(2),then
*
* n sin(xn)*sqt2 cos(xn)*sqt2
* ----------------------------------
* 0 s-c c+s
* 1 -s-c -c+s
* 2 -s+c -c-s
* 3 s+c c-s
*/
switch(n&3) {
case 0: temp = sin(x)-cos(x); break;
case 1: temp = -sin(x)-cos(x); break;
case 2: temp = -sin(x)+cos(x); break;
case 3: temp = sin(x)+cos(x); break;
}
b = invsqrtpi*temp/sqrt(x);
} else {
u_int32_t high;
a = __ieee754_y0(x);
b = __ieee754_y1(x);
/* quit if b is -inf */
GET_HIGH_WORD(high,b);
for(i=1;i<n&&high!=0xfff00000;i++){
temp = b;
b = ((double)(i+i)/x)*b - a;
GET_HIGH_WORD(high,b);
a = temp;
}
}
if(sign>0) return b; else return -b;
}

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/* e_jnf.c -- float version of e_jn.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_jnf.c,v 1.8 2002/05/28 18:15:04 alfred Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float
invsqrtpi= 5.6418961287e-01, /* 0x3f106ebb */
two = 2.0000000000e+00, /* 0x40000000 */
one = 1.0000000000e+00; /* 0x3F800000 */
static const float zero = 0.0000000000e+00;
float
__ieee754_jnf(int n, float x)
{
int32_t i,hx,ix, sgn;
float a, b, temp, di;
float z, w;
/* J(-n,x) = (-1)^n * J(n, x), J(n, -x) = (-1)^n * J(n, x)
* Thus, J(-n,x) = J(n,-x)
*/
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
ix = 0x7fffffff&hx;
/* if J(n,NaN) is NaN */
if(ix>0x7f800000) return x+x;
if(n<0){
n = -n;
x = -x;
hx ^= 0x80000000;
}
if(n==0) return(__ieee754_j0f(x));
if(n==1) return(__ieee754_j1f(x));
sgn = (n&1)&(hx>>31); /* even n -- 0, odd n -- sign(x) */
x = fabsf(x);
if(ix==0||ix>=0x7f800000) /* if x is 0 or inf */
b = zero;
else if((float)n<=x) {
/* Safe to use J(n+1,x)=2n/x *J(n,x)-J(n-1,x) */
a = __ieee754_j0f(x);
b = __ieee754_j1f(x);
for(i=1;i<n;i++){
temp = b;
b = b*((float)(i+i)/x) - a; /* avoid underflow */
a = temp;
}
} else {
if(ix<0x30800000) { /* x < 2**-29 */
/* x is tiny, return the first Taylor expansion of J(n,x)
* J(n,x) = 1/n!*(x/2)^n - ...
*/
if(n>33) /* underflow */
b = zero;
else {
temp = x*(float)0.5; b = temp;
for (a=one,i=2;i<=n;i++) {
a *= (float)i; /* a = n! */
b *= temp; /* b = (x/2)^n */
}
b = b/a;
}
} else {
/* use backward recurrence */
/* x x^2 x^2
* J(n,x)/J(n-1,x) = ---- ------ ------ .....
* 2n - 2(n+1) - 2(n+2)
*
* 1 1 1
* (for large x) = ---- ------ ------ .....
* 2n 2(n+1) 2(n+2)
* -- - ------ - ------ -
* x x x
*
* Let w = 2n/x and h=2/x, then the above quotient
* is equal to the continued fraction:
* 1
* = -----------------------
* 1
* w - -----------------
* 1
* w+h - ---------
* w+2h - ...
*
* To determine how many terms needed, let
* Q(0) = w, Q(1) = w(w+h) - 1,
* Q(k) = (w+k*h)*Q(k-1) - Q(k-2),
* When Q(k) > 1e4 good for single
* When Q(k) > 1e9 good for double
* When Q(k) > 1e17 good for quadruple
*/
/* determine k */
float t,v;
float q0,q1,h,tmp; int32_t k,m;
w = (n+n)/(float)x; h = (float)2.0/(float)x;
q0 = w; z = w+h; q1 = w*z - (float)1.0; k=1;
while(q1<(float)1.0e9) {
k += 1; z += h;
tmp = z*q1 - q0;
q0 = q1;
q1 = tmp;
}
m = n+n;
for(t=zero, i = 2*(n+k); i>=m; i -= 2) t = one/(i/x-t);
a = t;
b = one;
/* estimate log((2/x)^n*n!) = n*log(2/x)+n*ln(n)
* Hence, if n*(log(2n/x)) > ...
* single 8.8722839355e+01
* double 7.09782712893383973096e+02
* long double 1.1356523406294143949491931077970765006170e+04
* then recurrent value may overflow and the result is
* likely underflow to zero
*/
tmp = n;
v = two/x;
tmp = tmp*__ieee754_logf(fabsf(v*tmp));
if(tmp<(float)8.8721679688e+01) {
for(i=n-1,di=(float)(i+i);i>0;i--){
temp = b;
b *= di;
b = b/x - a;
a = temp;
di -= two;
}
} else {
for(i=n-1,di=(float)(i+i);i>0;i--){
temp = b;
b *= di;
b = b/x - a;
a = temp;
di -= two;
/* scale b to avoid spurious overflow */
if(b>(float)1e10) {
a /= b;
t /= b;
b = one;
}
}
}
b = (t*__ieee754_j0f(x)/b);
}
}
if(sgn==1) return -b; else return b;
}
float
__ieee754_ynf(int n, float x)
{
int32_t i,hx,ix,ib;
int32_t sign;
float a, b, temp;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
ix = 0x7fffffff&hx;
/* if Y(n,NaN) is NaN */
if(ix>0x7f800000) return x+x;
if(ix==0) return -one/zero;
if(hx<0) return zero/zero;
sign = 1;
if(n<0){
n = -n;
sign = 1 - ((n&1)<<1);
}
if(n==0) return(__ieee754_y0f(x));
if(n==1) return(sign*__ieee754_y1f(x));
if(ix==0x7f800000) return zero;
a = __ieee754_y0f(x);
b = __ieee754_y1f(x);
/* quit if b is -inf */
GET_FLOAT_WORD(ib,b);
for(i=1;i<n&&ib!=0xff800000;i++){
temp = b;
b = ((float)(i+i)/x)*b - a;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(ib,b);
a = temp;
}
if(sign>0) return b; else return -b;
}

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/* e_scalbf.c -- float version of e_scalb.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
float
__ieee754_ldexpf(float x, int fn)
{
return __ieee754_scalbf(x,fn);
}

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/* @(#)e_lgamma.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_lgamma.c,v 1.8 2005/02/04 18:26:06 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_lgamma(x)
* Return the logarithm of the Gamma function of x.
*
* Method: call __ieee754_lgamma_r
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
extern int signgam;
double
__ieee754_lgamma(double x)
{
return __ieee754_lgamma_r(x,&signgam);
}

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/* @(#)e_lgamma_r.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_lgamma_r.c,v 1.8 2005/02/04 18:26:06 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_lgamma_r(x, signgamp)
* Reentrant version of the logarithm of the Gamma function
* with user provide pointer for the sign of Gamma(x).
*
* Method:
* 1. Argument Reduction for 0 < x <= 8
* Since gamma(1+s)=s*gamma(s), for x in [0,8], we may
* reduce x to a number in [1.5,2.5] by
* lgamma(1+s) = log(s) + lgamma(s)
* for example,
* lgamma(7.3) = log(6.3) + lgamma(6.3)
* = log(6.3*5.3) + lgamma(5.3)
* = log(6.3*5.3*4.3*3.3*2.3) + lgamma(2.3)
* 2. Polynomial approximation of lgamma around its
* minimun ymin=1.461632144968362245 to maintain monotonicity.
* On [ymin-0.23, ymin+0.27] (i.e., [1.23164,1.73163]), use
* Let z = x-ymin;
* lgamma(x) = -1.214862905358496078218 + z^2*poly(z)
* where
* poly(z) is a 14 degree polynomial.
* 2. Rational approximation in the primary interval [2,3]
* We use the following approximation:
* s = x-2.0;
* lgamma(x) = 0.5*s + s*P(s)/Q(s)
* with accuracy
* |P/Q - (lgamma(x)-0.5s)| < 2**-61.71
* Our algorithms are based on the following observation
*
* zeta(2)-1 2 zeta(3)-1 3
* lgamma(2+s) = s*(1-Euler) + --------- * s - --------- * s + ...
* 2 3
*
* where Euler = 0.5771... is the Euler constant, which is very
* close to 0.5.
*
* 3. For x>=8, we have
* lgamma(x)~(x-0.5)log(x)-x+0.5*log(2pi)+1/(12x)-1/(360x**3)+....
* (better formula:
* lgamma(x)~(x-0.5)*(log(x)-1)-.5*(log(2pi)-1) + ...)
* Let z = 1/x, then we approximation
* f(z) = lgamma(x) - (x-0.5)(log(x)-1)
* by
* 3 5 11
* w = w0 + w1*z + w2*z + w3*z + ... + w6*z
* where
* |w - f(z)| < 2**-58.74
*
* 4. For negative x, since (G is gamma function)
* -x*G(-x)*G(x) = pi/sin(pi*x),
* we have
* G(x) = pi/(sin(pi*x)*(-x)*G(-x))
* since G(-x) is positive, sign(G(x)) = sign(sin(pi*x)) for x<0
* Hence, for x<0, signgam = sign(sin(pi*x)) and
* lgamma(x) = log(|Gamma(x)|)
* = log(pi/(|x*sin(pi*x)|)) - lgamma(-x);
* Note: one should avoid compute pi*(-x) directly in the
* computation of sin(pi*(-x)).
*
* 5. Special Cases
* lgamma(2+s) ~ s*(1-Euler) for tiny s
* lgamma(1)=lgamma(2)=0
* lgamma(x) ~ -log(x) for tiny x
* lgamma(0) = lgamma(inf) = inf
* lgamma(-integer) = +-inf
*
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
two52= 4.50359962737049600000e+15, /* 0x43300000, 0x00000000 */
half= 5.00000000000000000000e-01, /* 0x3FE00000, 0x00000000 */
one = 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
pi = 3.14159265358979311600e+00, /* 0x400921FB, 0x54442D18 */
a0 = 7.72156649015328655494e-02, /* 0x3FB3C467, 0xE37DB0C8 */
a1 = 3.22467033424113591611e-01, /* 0x3FD4A34C, 0xC4A60FAD */
a2 = 6.73523010531292681824e-02, /* 0x3FB13E00, 0x1A5562A7 */
a3 = 2.05808084325167332806e-02, /* 0x3F951322, 0xAC92547B */
a4 = 7.38555086081402883957e-03, /* 0x3F7E404F, 0xB68FEFE8 */
a5 = 2.89051383673415629091e-03, /* 0x3F67ADD8, 0xCCB7926B */
a6 = 1.19270763183362067845e-03, /* 0x3F538A94, 0x116F3F5D */
a7 = 5.10069792153511336608e-04, /* 0x3F40B6C6, 0x89B99C00 */
a8 = 2.20862790713908385557e-04, /* 0x3F2CF2EC, 0xED10E54D */
a9 = 1.08011567247583939954e-04, /* 0x3F1C5088, 0x987DFB07 */
a10 = 2.52144565451257326939e-05, /* 0x3EFA7074, 0x428CFA52 */
a11 = 4.48640949618915160150e-05, /* 0x3F07858E, 0x90A45837 */
tc = 1.46163214496836224576e+00, /* 0x3FF762D8, 0x6356BE3F */
tf = -1.21486290535849611461e-01, /* 0xBFBF19B9, 0xBCC38A42 */
/* tt = -(tail of tf) */
tt = -3.63867699703950536541e-18, /* 0xBC50C7CA, 0xA48A971F */
t0 = 4.83836122723810047042e-01, /* 0x3FDEF72B, 0xC8EE38A2 */
t1 = -1.47587722994593911752e-01, /* 0xBFC2E427, 0x8DC6C509 */
t2 = 6.46249402391333854778e-02, /* 0x3FB08B42, 0x94D5419B */
t3 = -3.27885410759859649565e-02, /* 0xBFA0C9A8, 0xDF35B713 */
t4 = 1.79706750811820387126e-02, /* 0x3F9266E7, 0x970AF9EC */
t5 = -1.03142241298341437450e-02, /* 0xBF851F9F, 0xBA91EC6A */
t6 = 6.10053870246291332635e-03, /* 0x3F78FCE0, 0xE370E344 */
t7 = -3.68452016781138256760e-03, /* 0xBF6E2EFF, 0xB3E914D7 */
t8 = 2.25964780900612472250e-03, /* 0x3F6282D3, 0x2E15C915 */
t9 = -1.40346469989232843813e-03, /* 0xBF56FE8E, 0xBF2D1AF1 */
t10 = 8.81081882437654011382e-04, /* 0x3F4CDF0C, 0xEF61A8E9 */
t11 = -5.38595305356740546715e-04, /* 0xBF41A610, 0x9C73E0EC */
t12 = 3.15632070903625950361e-04, /* 0x3F34AF6D, 0x6C0EBBF7 */
t13 = -3.12754168375120860518e-04, /* 0xBF347F24, 0xECC38C38 */
t14 = 3.35529192635519073543e-04, /* 0x3F35FD3E, 0xE8C2D3F4 */
u0 = -7.72156649015328655494e-02, /* 0xBFB3C467, 0xE37DB0C8 */
u1 = 6.32827064025093366517e-01, /* 0x3FE4401E, 0x8B005DFF */
u2 = 1.45492250137234768737e+00, /* 0x3FF7475C, 0xD119BD6F */
u3 = 9.77717527963372745603e-01, /* 0x3FEF4976, 0x44EA8450 */
u4 = 2.28963728064692451092e-01, /* 0x3FCD4EAE, 0xF6010924 */
u5 = 1.33810918536787660377e-02, /* 0x3F8B678B, 0xBF2BAB09 */
v1 = 2.45597793713041134822e+00, /* 0x4003A5D7, 0xC2BD619C */
v2 = 2.12848976379893395361e+00, /* 0x40010725, 0xA42B18F5 */
v3 = 7.69285150456672783825e-01, /* 0x3FE89DFB, 0xE45050AF */
v4 = 1.04222645593369134254e-01, /* 0x3FBAAE55, 0xD6537C88 */
v5 = 3.21709242282423911810e-03, /* 0x3F6A5ABB, 0x57D0CF61 */
s0 = -7.72156649015328655494e-02, /* 0xBFB3C467, 0xE37DB0C8 */
s1 = 2.14982415960608852501e-01, /* 0x3FCB848B, 0x36E20878 */
s2 = 3.25778796408930981787e-01, /* 0x3FD4D98F, 0x4F139F59 */
s3 = 1.46350472652464452805e-01, /* 0x3FC2BB9C, 0xBEE5F2F7 */
s4 = 2.66422703033638609560e-02, /* 0x3F9B481C, 0x7E939961 */
s5 = 1.84028451407337715652e-03, /* 0x3F5E26B6, 0x7368F239 */
s6 = 3.19475326584100867617e-05, /* 0x3F00BFEC, 0xDD17E945 */
r1 = 1.39200533467621045958e+00, /* 0x3FF645A7, 0x62C4AB74 */
r2 = 7.21935547567138069525e-01, /* 0x3FE71A18, 0x93D3DCDC */
r3 = 1.71933865632803078993e-01, /* 0x3FC601ED, 0xCCFBDF27 */
r4 = 1.86459191715652901344e-02, /* 0x3F9317EA, 0x742ED475 */
r5 = 7.77942496381893596434e-04, /* 0x3F497DDA, 0xCA41A95B */
r6 = 7.32668430744625636189e-06, /* 0x3EDEBAF7, 0xA5B38140 */
w0 = 4.18938533204672725052e-01, /* 0x3FDACFE3, 0x90C97D69 */
w1 = 8.33333333333329678849e-02, /* 0x3FB55555, 0x5555553B */
w2 = -2.77777777728775536470e-03, /* 0xBF66C16C, 0x16B02E5C */
w3 = 7.93650558643019558500e-04, /* 0x3F4A019F, 0x98CF38B6 */
w4 = -5.95187557450339963135e-04, /* 0xBF4380CB, 0x8C0FE741 */
w5 = 8.36339918996282139126e-04, /* 0x3F4B67BA, 0x4CDAD5D1 */
w6 = -1.63092934096575273989e-03; /* 0xBF5AB89D, 0x0B9E43E4 */
static const double zero= 0.00000000000000000000e+00;
static double sin_pi(double x)
{
double y,z;
int n,ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix<0x3fd00000) return __kernel_sin(pi*x,zero,0);
y = -x; /* x is assume negative */
/*
* argument reduction, make sure inexact flag not raised if input
* is an integer
*/
z = floor(y);
if(z!=y) { /* inexact anyway */
y *= 0.5;
y = 2.0*(y - floor(y)); /* y = |x| mod 2.0 */
n = (int) (y*4.0);
} else {
if(ix>=0x43400000) {
y = zero; n = 0; /* y must be even */
} else {
if(ix<0x43300000) z = y+two52; /* exact */
GET_LOW_WORD(n,z);
n &= 1;
y = n;
n<<= 2;
}
}
switch (n) {
case 0: y = __kernel_sin(pi*y,zero,0); break;
case 1:
case 2: y = __kernel_cos(pi*(0.5-y),zero); break;
case 3:
case 4: y = __kernel_sin(pi*(one-y),zero,0); break;
case 5:
case 6: y = -__kernel_cos(pi*(y-1.5),zero); break;
default: y = __kernel_sin(pi*(y-2.0),zero,0); break;
}
return -y;
}
double
__ieee754_lgamma_r(double x, int *signgamp)
{
double t,y,z,nadj,p,p1,p2,p3,q,r,w;
int i,hx,lx,ix;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
/* purge off +-inf, NaN, +-0, and negative arguments */
*signgamp = 1;
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return x*x;
if((ix|lx)==0) return one/zero;
if(ix<0x3b900000) { /* |x|<2**-70, return -log(|x|) */
if(hx<0) {
*signgamp = -1;
return -__ieee754_log(-x);
} else return -__ieee754_log(x);
}
if(hx<0) {
if(ix>=0x43300000) /* |x|>=2**52, must be -integer */
return one/zero;
t = sin_pi(x);
if(t==zero) return one/zero; /* -integer */
nadj = __ieee754_log(pi/fabs(t*x));
if(t<zero) *signgamp = -1;
x = -x;
}
/* purge off 1 and 2 */
if((((ix-0x3ff00000)|lx)==0)||(((ix-0x40000000)|lx)==0)) r = 0;
/* for x < 2.0 */
else if(ix<0x40000000) {
if(ix<=0x3feccccc) { /* lgamma(x) = lgamma(x+1)-log(x) */
r = -__ieee754_log(x);
if(ix>=0x3FE76944) {y = one-x; i= 0;}
else if(ix>=0x3FCDA661) {y= x-(tc-one); i=1;}
else {y = x; i=2;}
} else {
r = zero;
if(ix>=0x3FFBB4C3) {y=2.0-x;i=0;} /* [1.7316,2] */
else if(ix>=0x3FF3B4C4) {y=x-tc;i=1;} /* [1.23,1.73] */
else {y=x-one;i=2;}
}
switch(i) {
case 0:
z = y*y;
p1 = a0+z*(a2+z*(a4+z*(a6+z*(a8+z*a10))));
p2 = z*(a1+z*(a3+z*(a5+z*(a7+z*(a9+z*a11)))));
p = y*p1+p2;
r += (p-0.5*y); break;
case 1:
z = y*y;
w = z*y;
p1 = t0+w*(t3+w*(t6+w*(t9 +w*t12))); /* parallel comp */
p2 = t1+w*(t4+w*(t7+w*(t10+w*t13)));
p3 = t2+w*(t5+w*(t8+w*(t11+w*t14)));
p = z*p1-(tt-w*(p2+y*p3));
r += (tf + p); break;
case 2:
p1 = y*(u0+y*(u1+y*(u2+y*(u3+y*(u4+y*u5)))));
p2 = one+y*(v1+y*(v2+y*(v3+y*(v4+y*v5))));
r += (-0.5*y + p1/p2);
}
}
else if(ix<0x40200000) { /* x < 8.0 */
i = (int)x;
t = zero;
y = x-(double)i;
p = y*(s0+y*(s1+y*(s2+y*(s3+y*(s4+y*(s5+y*s6))))));
q = one+y*(r1+y*(r2+y*(r3+y*(r4+y*(r5+y*r6)))));
r = half*y+p/q;
z = one; /* lgamma(1+s) = log(s) + lgamma(s) */
switch(i) {
case 7: z *= (y+6.0); /* FALLTHRU */
case 6: z *= (y+5.0); /* FALLTHRU */
case 5: z *= (y+4.0); /* FALLTHRU */
case 4: z *= (y+3.0); /* FALLTHRU */
case 3: z *= (y+2.0); /* FALLTHRU */
r += __ieee754_log(z); break;
}
/* 8.0 <= x < 2**58 */
} else if (ix < 0x43900000) {
t = __ieee754_log(x);
z = one/x;
y = z*z;
w = w0+z*(w1+y*(w2+y*(w3+y*(w4+y*(w5+y*w6)))));
r = (x-half)*(t-one)+w;
} else
/* 2**58 <= x <= inf */
r = x*(__ieee754_log(x)-one);
if(hx<0) r = nadj - r;
return r;
}

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/* e_lgammaf.c -- float version of e_lgamma.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_lgammaf.c,v 1.7 2002/05/28 18:15:04 alfred Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_lgammaf(x)
* Return the logarithm of the Gamma function of x.
*
* Method: call __ieee754_lgammaf_r
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
extern int signgam;
float
__ieee754_lgammaf(float x)
{
return __ieee754_lgammaf_r(x,&signgam);
}

231
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/* e_lgammaf_r.c -- float version of e_lgamma_r.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_lgammaf_r.c,v 1.9 2005/11/28 08:32:15 bde Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float
two23= 8.3886080000e+06, /* 0x4b000000 */
half= 5.0000000000e-01, /* 0x3f000000 */
one = 1.0000000000e+00, /* 0x3f800000 */
pi = 3.1415927410e+00, /* 0x40490fdb */
a0 = 7.7215664089e-02, /* 0x3d9e233f */
a1 = 3.2246702909e-01, /* 0x3ea51a66 */
a2 = 6.7352302372e-02, /* 0x3d89f001 */
a3 = 2.0580807701e-02, /* 0x3ca89915 */
a4 = 7.3855509982e-03, /* 0x3bf2027e */
a5 = 2.8905137442e-03, /* 0x3b3d6ec6 */
a6 = 1.1927076848e-03, /* 0x3a9c54a1 */
a7 = 5.1006977446e-04, /* 0x3a05b634 */
a8 = 2.2086278477e-04, /* 0x39679767 */
a9 = 1.0801156895e-04, /* 0x38e28445 */
a10 = 2.5214456400e-05, /* 0x37d383a2 */
a11 = 4.4864096708e-05, /* 0x383c2c75 */
tc = 1.4616321325e+00, /* 0x3fbb16c3 */
tf = -1.2148628384e-01, /* 0xbdf8cdcd */
/* tt = -(tail of tf) */
tt = 6.6971006518e-09, /* 0x31e61c52 */
t0 = 4.8383611441e-01, /* 0x3ef7b95e */
t1 = -1.4758771658e-01, /* 0xbe17213c */
t2 = 6.4624942839e-02, /* 0x3d845a15 */
t3 = -3.2788541168e-02, /* 0xbd064d47 */
t4 = 1.7970675603e-02, /* 0x3c93373d */
t5 = -1.0314224288e-02, /* 0xbc28fcfe */
t6 = 6.1005386524e-03, /* 0x3bc7e707 */
t7 = -3.6845202558e-03, /* 0xbb7177fe */
t8 = 2.2596477065e-03, /* 0x3b141699 */
t9 = -1.4034647029e-03, /* 0xbab7f476 */
t10 = 8.8108185446e-04, /* 0x3a66f867 */
t11 = -5.3859531181e-04, /* 0xba0d3085 */
t12 = 3.1563205994e-04, /* 0x39a57b6b */
t13 = -3.1275415677e-04, /* 0xb9a3f927 */
t14 = 3.3552918467e-04, /* 0x39afe9f7 */
u0 = -7.7215664089e-02, /* 0xbd9e233f */
u1 = 6.3282704353e-01, /* 0x3f2200f4 */
u2 = 1.4549225569e+00, /* 0x3fba3ae7 */
u3 = 9.7771751881e-01, /* 0x3f7a4bb2 */
u4 = 2.2896373272e-01, /* 0x3e6a7578 */
u5 = 1.3381091878e-02, /* 0x3c5b3c5e */
v1 = 2.4559779167e+00, /* 0x401d2ebe */
v2 = 2.1284897327e+00, /* 0x4008392d */
v3 = 7.6928514242e-01, /* 0x3f44efdf */
v4 = 1.0422264785e-01, /* 0x3dd572af */
v5 = 3.2170924824e-03, /* 0x3b52d5db */
s0 = -7.7215664089e-02, /* 0xbd9e233f */
s1 = 2.1498242021e-01, /* 0x3e5c245a */
s2 = 3.2577878237e-01, /* 0x3ea6cc7a */
s3 = 1.4635047317e-01, /* 0x3e15dce6 */
s4 = 2.6642270386e-02, /* 0x3cda40e4 */
s5 = 1.8402845599e-03, /* 0x3af135b4 */
s6 = 3.1947532989e-05, /* 0x3805ff67 */
r1 = 1.3920053244e+00, /* 0x3fb22d3b */
r2 = 7.2193557024e-01, /* 0x3f38d0c5 */
r3 = 1.7193385959e-01, /* 0x3e300f6e */
r4 = 1.8645919859e-02, /* 0x3c98bf54 */
r5 = 7.7794247773e-04, /* 0x3a4beed6 */
r6 = 7.3266842264e-06, /* 0x36f5d7bd */
w0 = 4.1893854737e-01, /* 0x3ed67f1d */
w1 = 8.3333335817e-02, /* 0x3daaaaab */
w2 = -2.7777778450e-03, /* 0xbb360b61 */
w3 = 7.9365057172e-04, /* 0x3a500cfd */
w4 = -5.9518753551e-04, /* 0xba1c065c */
w5 = 8.3633989561e-04, /* 0x3a5b3dd2 */
w6 = -1.6309292987e-03; /* 0xbad5c4e8 */
static const float zero= 0.0000000000e+00;
static float sin_pif(float x)
{
float y,z;
int n,ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(ix,x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix<0x3e800000) return __kernel_sindf(pi*x);
y = -x; /* x is assume negative */
/*
* argument reduction, make sure inexact flag not raised if input
* is an integer
*/
z = floorf(y);
if(z!=y) { /* inexact anyway */
y *= (float)0.5;
y = (float)2.0*(y - floorf(y)); /* y = |x| mod 2.0 */
n = (int) (y*(float)4.0);
} else {
if(ix>=0x4b800000) {
y = zero; n = 0; /* y must be even */
} else {
if(ix<0x4b000000) z = y+two23; /* exact */
GET_FLOAT_WORD(n,z);
n &= 1;
y = n;
n<<= 2;
}
}
switch (n) {
case 0: y = __kernel_sindf(pi*y); break;
case 1:
case 2: y = __kernel_cosdf(pi*((float)0.5-y)); break;
case 3:
case 4: y = __kernel_sindf(pi*(one-y)); break;
case 5:
case 6: y = -__kernel_cosdf(pi*(y-(float)1.5)); break;
default: y = __kernel_sindf(pi*(y-(float)2.0)); break;
}
return -y;
}
float
__ieee754_lgammaf_r(float x, int *signgamp)
{
float t,y,z,nadj,p,p1,p2,p3,q,r,w;
int i,hx,ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
/* purge off +-inf, NaN, +-0, and negative arguments */
*signgamp = 1;
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7f800000) return x*x;
if(ix==0) return one/zero;
if(ix<0x35000000) { /* |x|<2**-21, return -log(|x|) */
if(hx<0) {
*signgamp = -1;
return -__ieee754_logf(-x);
} else return -__ieee754_logf(x);
}
if(hx<0) {
if(ix>=0x4b000000) /* |x|>=2**23, must be -integer */
return one/zero;
t = sin_pif(x);
if(t==zero) return one/zero; /* -integer */
nadj = __ieee754_logf(pi/fabsf(t*x));
if(t<zero) *signgamp = -1;
x = -x;
}
/* purge off 1 and 2 */
if (ix==0x3f800000||ix==0x40000000) r = 0;
/* for x < 2.0 */
else if(ix<0x40000000) {
if(ix<=0x3f666666) { /* lgamma(x) = lgamma(x+1)-log(x) */
r = -__ieee754_logf(x);
if(ix>=0x3f3b4a20) {y = one-x; i= 0;}
else if(ix>=0x3e6d3308) {y= x-(tc-one); i=1;}
else {y = x; i=2;}
} else {
r = zero;
if(ix>=0x3fdda618) {y=(float)2.0-x;i=0;} /* [1.7316,2] */
else if(ix>=0x3F9da620) {y=x-tc;i=1;} /* [1.23,1.73] */
else {y=x-one;i=2;}
}
switch(i) {
case 0:
z = y*y;
p1 = a0+z*(a2+z*(a4+z*(a6+z*(a8+z*a10))));
p2 = z*(a1+z*(a3+z*(a5+z*(a7+z*(a9+z*a11)))));
p = y*p1+p2;
r += (p-(float)0.5*y); break;
case 1:
z = y*y;
w = z*y;
p1 = t0+w*(t3+w*(t6+w*(t9 +w*t12))); /* parallel comp */
p2 = t1+w*(t4+w*(t7+w*(t10+w*t13)));
p3 = t2+w*(t5+w*(t8+w*(t11+w*t14)));
p = z*p1-(tt-w*(p2+y*p3));
r += (tf + p); break;
case 2:
p1 = y*(u0+y*(u1+y*(u2+y*(u3+y*(u4+y*u5)))));
p2 = one+y*(v1+y*(v2+y*(v3+y*(v4+y*v5))));
r += (-(float)0.5*y + p1/p2);
}
}
else if(ix<0x41000000) { /* x < 8.0 */
i = (int)x;
t = zero;
y = x-(float)i;
p = y*(s0+y*(s1+y*(s2+y*(s3+y*(s4+y*(s5+y*s6))))));
q = one+y*(r1+y*(r2+y*(r3+y*(r4+y*(r5+y*r6)))));
r = half*y+p/q;
z = one; /* lgamma(1+s) = log(s) + lgamma(s) */
switch(i) {
case 7: z *= (y+(float)6.0); /* FALLTHRU */
case 6: z *= (y+(float)5.0); /* FALLTHRU */
case 5: z *= (y+(float)4.0); /* FALLTHRU */
case 4: z *= (y+(float)3.0); /* FALLTHRU */
case 3: z *= (y+(float)2.0); /* FALLTHRU */
r += __ieee754_logf(z); break;
}
/* 8.0 <= x < 2**58 */
} else if (ix < 0x5c800000) {
t = __ieee754_logf(x);
z = one/x;
y = z*z;
w = w0+z*(w1+y*(w2+y*(w3+y*(w4+y*(w5+y*w6)))));
r = (x-half)*(t-one)+w;
} else
/* 2**58 <= x <= inf */
r = x*(__ieee754_logf(x)-one);
if(hx<0) r = nadj - r;
return r;
}

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/* @(#)e_log.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_log.c,v 1.10 2005/02/04 18:26:06 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_log(x)
* Return the logrithm of x
*
* Method :
* 1. Argument Reduction: find k and f such that
* x = 2^k * (1+f),
* where sqrt(2)/2 < 1+f < sqrt(2) .
*
* 2. Approximation of log(1+f).
* Let s = f/(2+f) ; based on log(1+f) = log(1+s) - log(1-s)
* = 2s + 2/3 s**3 + 2/5 s**5 + .....,
* = 2s + s*R
* We use a special Reme algorithm on [0,0.1716] to generate
* a polynomial of degree 14 to approximate R The maximum error
* of this polynomial approximation is bounded by 2**-58.45. In
* other words,
* 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
* R(z) ~ Lg1*s +Lg2*s +Lg3*s +Lg4*s +Lg5*s +Lg6*s +Lg7*s
* (the values of Lg1 to Lg7 are listed in the program)
* and
* | 2 14 | -58.45
* | Lg1*s +...+Lg7*s - R(z) | <= 2
* | |
* Note that 2s = f - s*f = f - hfsq + s*hfsq, where hfsq = f*f/2.
* In order to guarantee error in log below 1ulp, we compute log
* by
* log(1+f) = f - s*(f - R) (if f is not too large)
* log(1+f) = f - (hfsq - s*(hfsq+R)). (better accuracy)
*
* 3. Finally, log(x) = k*ln2 + log(1+f).
* = k*ln2_hi+(f-(hfsq-(s*(hfsq+R)+k*ln2_lo)))
* Here ln2 is split into two floating point number:
* ln2_hi + ln2_lo,
* where n*ln2_hi is always exact for |n| < 2000.
*
* Special cases:
* log(x) is NaN with signal if x < 0 (including -INF) ;
* log(+INF) is +INF; log(0) is -INF with signal;
* log(NaN) is that NaN with no signal.
*
* Accuracy:
* according to an error analysis, the error is always less than
* 1 ulp (unit in the last place).
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
ln2_hi = 6.93147180369123816490e-01, /* 3fe62e42 fee00000 */
ln2_lo = 1.90821492927058770002e-10, /* 3dea39ef 35793c76 */
two54 = 1.80143985094819840000e+16, /* 43500000 00000000 */
Lg1 = 6.666666666666735130e-01, /* 3FE55555 55555593 */
Lg2 = 3.999999999940941908e-01, /* 3FD99999 9997FA04 */
Lg3 = 2.857142874366239149e-01, /* 3FD24924 94229359 */
Lg4 = 2.222219843214978396e-01, /* 3FCC71C5 1D8E78AF */
Lg5 = 1.818357216161805012e-01, /* 3FC74664 96CB03DE */
Lg6 = 1.531383769920937332e-01, /* 3FC39A09 D078C69F */
Lg7 = 1.479819860511658591e-01; /* 3FC2F112 DF3E5244 */
static const double zero = 0.0;
double
__ieee754_log(double x)
{
double hfsq,f,s,z,R,w,t1,t2,dk;
int32_t k,hx,i,j;
u_int32_t lx;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
k=0;
if (hx < 0x00100000) { /* x < 2**-1022 */
if (((hx&0x7fffffff)|lx)==0)
return -two54/zero; /* log(+-0)=-inf */
if (hx<0) return (x-x)/zero; /* log(-#) = NaN */
k -= 54; x *= two54; /* subnormal number, scale up x */
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
}
if (hx >= 0x7ff00000) return x+x;
k += (hx>>20)-1023;
hx &= 0x000fffff;
i = (hx+0x95f64)&0x100000;
SET_HIGH_WORD(x,hx|(i^0x3ff00000)); /* normalize x or x/2 */
k += (i>>20);
f = x-1.0;
if((0x000fffff&(2+hx))<3) { /* |f| < 2**-20 */
if(f==zero) if(k==0) return zero; else {dk=(double)k;
return dk*ln2_hi+dk*ln2_lo;}
R = f*f*(0.5-0.33333333333333333*f);
if(k==0) return f-R; else {dk=(double)k;
return dk*ln2_hi-((R-dk*ln2_lo)-f);}
}
s = f/(2.0+f);
dk = (double)k;
z = s*s;
i = hx-0x6147a;
w = z*z;
j = 0x6b851-hx;
t1= w*(Lg2+w*(Lg4+w*Lg6));
t2= z*(Lg1+w*(Lg3+w*(Lg5+w*Lg7)));
i |= j;
R = t2+t1;
if(i>0) {
hfsq=0.5*f*f;
if(k==0) return f-(hfsq-s*(hfsq+R)); else
return dk*ln2_hi-((hfsq-(s*(hfsq+R)+dk*ln2_lo))-f);
} else {
if(k==0) return f-s*(f-R); else
return dk*ln2_hi-((s*(f-R)-dk*ln2_lo)-f);
}
}

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/* @(#)e_log10.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_log10.c,v 1.11 2005/02/04 18:26:06 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_log10(x)
* Return the base 10 logarithm of x
*
* Method :
* Let log10_2hi = leading 40 bits of log10(2) and
* log10_2lo = log10(2) - log10_2hi,
* ivln10 = 1/log(10) rounded.
* Then
* n = ilogb(x),
* if(n<0) n = n+1;
* x = scalbn(x,-n);
* log10(x) := n*log10_2hi + (n*log10_2lo + ivln10*log(x))
*
* Note 1:
* To guarantee log10(10**n)=n, where 10**n is normal, the rounding
* mode must set to Round-to-Nearest.
* Note 2:
* [1/log(10)] rounded to 53 bits has error .198 ulps;
* log10 is monotonic at all binary break points.
*
* Special cases:
* log10(x) is NaN with signal if x < 0;
* log10(+INF) is +INF with no signal; log10(0) is -INF with signal;
* log10(NaN) is that NaN with no signal;
* log10(10**N) = N for N=0,1,...,22.
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following constants.
* The decimal values may be used, provided that the compiler will convert
* from decimal to binary accurately enough to produce the hexadecimal values
* shown.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
two54 = 1.80143985094819840000e+16, /* 0x43500000, 0x00000000 */
ivln10 = 4.34294481903251816668e-01, /* 0x3FDBCB7B, 0x1526E50E */
log10_2hi = 3.01029995663611771306e-01, /* 0x3FD34413, 0x509F6000 */
log10_2lo = 3.69423907715893078616e-13; /* 0x3D59FEF3, 0x11F12B36 */
static const double zero = 0.0;
double
__ieee754_log10(double x)
{
double y,z;
int32_t i,k,hx;
u_int32_t lx;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
k=0;
if (hx < 0x00100000) { /* x < 2**-1022 */
if (((hx&0x7fffffff)|lx)==0)
return -two54/zero; /* log(+-0)=-inf */
if (hx<0) return (x-x)/zero; /* log(-#) = NaN */
k -= 54; x *= two54; /* subnormal number, scale up x */
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
}
if (hx >= 0x7ff00000) return x+x;
k += (hx>>20)-1023;
i = ((u_int32_t)k&0x80000000)>>31;
hx = (hx&0x000fffff)|((0x3ff-i)<<20);
y = (double)(k+i);
SET_HIGH_WORD(x,hx);
z = y*log10_2lo + ivln10*__ieee754_log(x);
return z+y*log10_2hi;
}

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/* e_log10f.c -- float version of e_log10.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_log10f.c,v 1.8 2002/05/28 18:15:04 alfred Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float
two25 = 3.3554432000e+07, /* 0x4c000000 */
ivln10 = 4.3429449201e-01, /* 0x3ede5bd9 */
log10_2hi = 3.0102920532e-01, /* 0x3e9a2080 */
log10_2lo = 7.9034151668e-07; /* 0x355427db */
static const float zero = 0.0;
float
__ieee754_log10f(float x)
{
float y,z;
int32_t i,k,hx;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
k=0;
if (hx < 0x00800000) { /* x < 2**-126 */
if ((hx&0x7fffffff)==0)
return -two25/zero; /* log(+-0)=-inf */
if (hx<0) return (x-x)/zero; /* log(-#) = NaN */
k -= 25; x *= two25; /* subnormal number, scale up x */
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
}
if (hx >= 0x7f800000) return x+x;
k += (hx>>23)-127;
i = ((u_int32_t)k&0x80000000)>>31;
hx = (hx&0x007fffff)|((0x7f-i)<<23);
y = (float)(k+i);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(x,hx);
z = y*log10_2lo + ivln10*__ieee754_logf(x);
return z+y*log10_2hi;
}

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/* e_logf.c -- float version of e_log.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_logf.c,v 1.8 2005/11/12 18:20:09 bde Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float
ln2_hi = 6.9313812256e-01, /* 0x3f317180 */
ln2_lo = 9.0580006145e-06, /* 0x3717f7d1 */
two25 = 3.355443200e+07, /* 0x4c000000 */
/* |(log(1+s)-log(1-s))/s - Lg(s)| < 2**-34.24 (~[-4.95e-11, 4.97e-11]). */
Lg1 = 0xaaaaaa.0p-24, /* 0.66666662693 */
Lg2 = 0xccce13.0p-25, /* 0.40000972152 */
Lg3 = 0x91e9ee.0p-25, /* 0.28498786688 */
Lg4 = 0xf89e26.0p-26; /* 0.24279078841 */
static const float zero = 0.0;
float
__ieee754_logf(float x)
{
float hfsq,f,s,z,R,w,t1,t2,dk;
int32_t k,ix,i,j;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(ix,x);
k=0;
if (ix < 0x00800000) { /* x < 2**-126 */
if ((ix&0x7fffffff)==0)
return -two25/zero; /* log(+-0)=-inf */
if (ix<0) return (x-x)/zero; /* log(-#) = NaN */
k -= 25; x *= two25; /* subnormal number, scale up x */
GET_FLOAT_WORD(ix,x);
}
if (ix >= 0x7f800000) return x+x;
k += (ix>>23)-127;
ix &= 0x007fffff;
i = (ix+(0x95f64<<3))&0x800000;
SET_FLOAT_WORD(x,ix|(i^0x3f800000)); /* normalize x or x/2 */
k += (i>>23);
f = x-(float)1.0;
if((0x007fffff&(15+ix))<16) { /* |f| < 2**-20 */
if(f==zero) if(k==0) return zero; else {dk=(float)k;
return dk*ln2_hi+dk*ln2_lo;}
R = f*f*((float)0.5-(float)0.33333333333333333*f);
if(k==0) return f-R; else {dk=(float)k;
return dk*ln2_hi-((R-dk*ln2_lo)-f);}
}
s = f/((float)2.0+f);
dk = (float)k;
z = s*s;
i = ix-(0x6147a<<3);
w = z*z;
j = (0x6b851<<3)-ix;
t1= w*(Lg2+w*Lg4);
t2= z*(Lg1+w*Lg3);
i |= j;
R = t2+t1;
if(i>0) {
hfsq=(float)0.5*f*f;
if(k==0) return f-(hfsq-s*(hfsq+R)); else
return dk*ln2_hi-((hfsq-(s*(hfsq+R)+dk*ln2_lo))-f);
} else {
if(k==0) return f-s*(f-R); else
return dk*ln2_hi-((s*(f-R)-dk*ln2_lo)-f);
}
}

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/* @(#)e_pow.c 1.5 04/04/22 SMI */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 2004 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_pow.c,v 1.11 2005/02/04 18:26:06 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_pow(x,y) return x**y
*
* n
* Method: Let x = 2 * (1+f)
* 1. Compute and return log2(x) in two pieces:
* log2(x) = w1 + w2,
* where w1 has 53-24 = 29 bit trailing zeros.
* 2. Perform y*log2(x) = n+y' by simulating muti-precision
* arithmetic, where |y'|<=0.5.
* 3. Return x**y = 2**n*exp(y'*log2)
*
* Special cases:
* 1. (anything) ** 0 is 1
* 2. (anything) ** 1 is itself
* 3. (anything) ** NAN is NAN
* 4. NAN ** (anything except 0) is NAN
* 5. +-(|x| > 1) ** +INF is +INF
* 6. +-(|x| > 1) ** -INF is +0
* 7. +-(|x| < 1) ** +INF is +0
* 8. +-(|x| < 1) ** -INF is +INF
* 9. +-1 ** +-INF is NAN
* 10. +0 ** (+anything except 0, NAN) is +0
* 11. -0 ** (+anything except 0, NAN, odd integer) is +0
* 12. +0 ** (-anything except 0, NAN) is +INF
* 13. -0 ** (-anything except 0, NAN, odd integer) is +INF
* 14. -0 ** (odd integer) = -( +0 ** (odd integer) )
* 15. +INF ** (+anything except 0,NAN) is +INF
* 16. +INF ** (-anything except 0,NAN) is +0
* 17. -INF ** (anything) = -0 ** (-anything)
* 18. (-anything) ** (integer) is (-1)**(integer)*(+anything**integer)
* 19. (-anything except 0 and inf) ** (non-integer) is NAN
*
* Accuracy:
* pow(x,y) returns x**y nearly rounded. In particular
* pow(integer,integer)
* always returns the correct integer provided it is
* representable.
*
* Constants :
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
bp[] = {1.0, 1.5,},
dp_h[] = { 0.0, 5.84962487220764160156e-01,}, /* 0x3FE2B803, 0x40000000 */
dp_l[] = { 0.0, 1.35003920212974897128e-08,}, /* 0x3E4CFDEB, 0x43CFD006 */
zero = 0.0,
one = 1.0,
two = 2.0,
two53 = 9007199254740992.0, /* 0x43400000, 0x00000000 */
huge = 1.0e300,
tiny = 1.0e-300,
/* poly coefs for (3/2)*(log(x)-2s-2/3*s**3 */
L1 = 5.99999999999994648725e-01, /* 0x3FE33333, 0x33333303 */
L2 = 4.28571428578550184252e-01, /* 0x3FDB6DB6, 0xDB6FABFF */
L3 = 3.33333329818377432918e-01, /* 0x3FD55555, 0x518F264D */
L4 = 2.72728123808534006489e-01, /* 0x3FD17460, 0xA91D4101 */
L5 = 2.30660745775561754067e-01, /* 0x3FCD864A, 0x93C9DB65 */
L6 = 2.06975017800338417784e-01, /* 0x3FCA7E28, 0x4A454EEF */
P1 = 1.66666666666666019037e-01, /* 0x3FC55555, 0x5555553E */
P2 = -2.77777777770155933842e-03, /* 0xBF66C16C, 0x16BEBD93 */
P3 = 6.61375632143793436117e-05, /* 0x3F11566A, 0xAF25DE2C */
P4 = -1.65339022054652515390e-06, /* 0xBEBBBD41, 0xC5D26BF1 */
P5 = 4.13813679705723846039e-08, /* 0x3E663769, 0x72BEA4D0 */
lg2 = 6.93147180559945286227e-01, /* 0x3FE62E42, 0xFEFA39EF */
lg2_h = 6.93147182464599609375e-01, /* 0x3FE62E43, 0x00000000 */
lg2_l = -1.90465429995776804525e-09, /* 0xBE205C61, 0x0CA86C39 */
ovt = 8.0085662595372944372e-0017, /* -(1024-log2(ovfl+.5ulp)) */
cp = 9.61796693925975554329e-01, /* 0x3FEEC709, 0xDC3A03FD =2/(3ln2) */
cp_h = 9.61796700954437255859e-01, /* 0x3FEEC709, 0xE0000000 =(float)cp */
cp_l = -7.02846165095275826516e-09, /* 0xBE3E2FE0, 0x145B01F5 =tail of cp_h*/
ivln2 = 1.44269504088896338700e+00, /* 0x3FF71547, 0x652B82FE =1/ln2 */
ivln2_h = 1.44269502162933349609e+00, /* 0x3FF71547, 0x60000000 =24b 1/ln2*/
ivln2_l = 1.92596299112661746887e-08; /* 0x3E54AE0B, 0xF85DDF44 =1/ln2 tail*/
double
__ieee754_pow(double x, double y)
{
double z,ax,z_h,z_l,p_h,p_l;
double y1,t1,t2,r,s,t,u,v,w;
int32_t i,j,k,yisint,n;
int32_t hx,hy,ix,iy;
u_int32_t lx,ly;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
EXTRACT_WORDS(hy,ly,y);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff; iy = hy&0x7fffffff;
/* y==zero: x**0 = 1 */
if((iy|ly)==0) return one;
/* +-NaN return x+y */
if(ix > 0x7ff00000 || ((ix==0x7ff00000)&&(lx!=0)) ||
iy > 0x7ff00000 || ((iy==0x7ff00000)&&(ly!=0)))
return x+y;
/* determine if y is an odd int when x < 0
* yisint = 0 ... y is not an integer
* yisint = 1 ... y is an odd int
* yisint = 2 ... y is an even int
*/
yisint = 0;
if(hx<0) {
if(iy>=0x43400000) yisint = 2; /* even integer y */
else if(iy>=0x3ff00000) {
k = (iy>>20)-0x3ff; /* exponent */
if(k>20) {
j = ly>>(52-k);
if((j<<(52-k))==ly) yisint = 2-(j&1);
} else if(ly==0) {
j = iy>>(20-k);
if((j<<(20-k))==iy) yisint = 2-(j&1);
}
}
}
/* special value of y */
if(ly==0) {
if (iy==0x7ff00000) { /* y is +-inf */
if(((ix-0x3ff00000)|lx)==0)
return y - y; /* inf**+-1 is NaN */
else if (ix >= 0x3ff00000)/* (|x|>1)**+-inf = inf,0 */
return (hy>=0)? y: zero;
else /* (|x|<1)**-,+inf = inf,0 */
return (hy<0)?-y: zero;
}
if(iy==0x3ff00000) { /* y is +-1 */
if(hy<0) return one/x; else return x;
}
if(hy==0x40000000) return x*x; /* y is 2 */
if(hy==0x3fe00000) { /* y is 0.5 */
if(hx>=0) /* x >= +0 */
return sqrt(x);
}
}
ax = fabs(x);
/* special value of x */
if(lx==0) {
if(ix==0x7ff00000||ix==0||ix==0x3ff00000){
z = ax; /*x is +-0,+-inf,+-1*/
if(hy<0) z = one/z; /* z = (1/|x|) */
if(hx<0) {
if(((ix-0x3ff00000)|yisint)==0) {
z = (z-z)/(z-z); /* (-1)**non-int is NaN */
} else if(yisint==1)
z = -z; /* (x<0)**odd = -(|x|**odd) */
}
return z;
}
}
/* CYGNUS LOCAL + fdlibm-5.3 fix: This used to be
n = (hx>>31)+1;
but ANSI C says a right shift of a signed negative quantity is
implementation defined. */
n = ((u_int32_t)hx>>31)-1;
/* (x<0)**(non-int) is NaN */
if((n|yisint)==0) return (x-x)/(x-x);
s = one; /* s (sign of result -ve**odd) = -1 else = 1 */
if((n|(yisint-1))==0) s = -one;/* (-ve)**(odd int) */
/* |y| is huge */
if(iy>0x41e00000) { /* if |y| > 2**31 */
if(iy>0x43f00000){ /* if |y| > 2**64, must o/uflow */
if(ix<=0x3fefffff) return (hy<0)? huge*huge:tiny*tiny;
if(ix>=0x3ff00000) return (hy>0)? huge*huge:tiny*tiny;
}
/* over/underflow if x is not close to one */
if(ix<0x3fefffff) return (hy<0)? s*huge*huge:s*tiny*tiny;
if(ix>0x3ff00000) return (hy>0)? s*huge*huge:s*tiny*tiny;
/* now |1-x| is tiny <= 2**-20, suffice to compute
log(x) by x-x^2/2+x^3/3-x^4/4 */
t = ax-one; /* t has 20 trailing zeros */
w = (t*t)*(0.5-t*(0.3333333333333333333333-t*0.25));
u = ivln2_h*t; /* ivln2_h has 21 sig. bits */
v = t*ivln2_l-w*ivln2;
t1 = u+v;
SET_LOW_WORD(t1,0);
t2 = v-(t1-u);
} else {
double ss,s2,s_h,s_l,t_h,t_l;
n = 0;
/* take care subnormal number */
if(ix<0x00100000)
{ax *= two53; n -= 53; GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,ax); }
n += ((ix)>>20)-0x3ff;
j = ix&0x000fffff;
/* determine interval */
ix = j|0x3ff00000; /* normalize ix */
if(j<=0x3988E) k=0; /* |x|<sqrt(3/2) */
else if(j<0xBB67A) k=1; /* |x|<sqrt(3) */
else {k=0;n+=1;ix -= 0x00100000;}
SET_HIGH_WORD(ax,ix);
/* compute ss = s_h+s_l = (x-1)/(x+1) or (x-1.5)/(x+1.5) */
u = ax-bp[k]; /* bp[0]=1.0, bp[1]=1.5 */
v = one/(ax+bp[k]);
ss = u*v;
s_h = ss;
SET_LOW_WORD(s_h,0);
/* t_h=ax+bp[k] High */
t_h = zero;
SET_HIGH_WORD(t_h,((ix>>1)|0x20000000)+0x00080000+(k<<18));
t_l = ax - (t_h-bp[k]);
s_l = v*((u-s_h*t_h)-s_h*t_l);
/* compute log(ax) */
s2 = ss*ss;
r = s2*s2*(L1+s2*(L2+s2*(L3+s2*(L4+s2*(L5+s2*L6)))));
r += s_l*(s_h+ss);
s2 = s_h*s_h;
t_h = 3.0+s2+r;
SET_LOW_WORD(t_h,0);
t_l = r-((t_h-3.0)-s2);
/* u+v = ss*(1+...) */
u = s_h*t_h;
v = s_l*t_h+t_l*ss;
/* 2/(3log2)*(ss+...) */
p_h = u+v;
SET_LOW_WORD(p_h,0);
p_l = v-(p_h-u);
z_h = cp_h*p_h; /* cp_h+cp_l = 2/(3*log2) */
z_l = cp_l*p_h+p_l*cp+dp_l[k];
/* log2(ax) = (ss+..)*2/(3*log2) = n + dp_h + z_h + z_l */
t = (double)n;
t1 = (((z_h+z_l)+dp_h[k])+t);
SET_LOW_WORD(t1,0);
t2 = z_l-(((t1-t)-dp_h[k])-z_h);
}
/* split up y into y1+y2 and compute (y1+y2)*(t1+t2) */
y1 = y;
SET_LOW_WORD(y1,0);
p_l = (y-y1)*t1+y*t2;
p_h = y1*t1;
z = p_l+p_h;
EXTRACT_WORDS(j,i,z);
if (j>=0x40900000) { /* z >= 1024 */
if(((j-0x40900000)|i)!=0) /* if z > 1024 */
return s*huge*huge; /* overflow */
else {
if(p_l+ovt>z-p_h) return s*huge*huge; /* overflow */
}
} else if((j&0x7fffffff)>=0x4090cc00 ) { /* z <= -1075 */
if(((j-0xc090cc00)|i)!=0) /* z < -1075 */
return s*tiny*tiny; /* underflow */
else {
if(p_l<=z-p_h) return s*tiny*tiny; /* underflow */
}
}
/*
* compute 2**(p_h+p_l)
*/
i = j&0x7fffffff;
k = (i>>20)-0x3ff;
n = 0;
if(i>0x3fe00000) { /* if |z| > 0.5, set n = [z+0.5] */
n = j+(0x00100000>>(k+1));
k = ((n&0x7fffffff)>>20)-0x3ff; /* new k for n */
t = zero;
SET_HIGH_WORD(t,n&~(0x000fffff>>k));
n = ((n&0x000fffff)|0x00100000)>>(20-k);
if(j<0) n = -n;
p_h -= t;
}
t = p_l+p_h;
SET_LOW_WORD(t,0);
u = t*lg2_h;
v = (p_l-(t-p_h))*lg2+t*lg2_l;
z = u+v;
w = v-(z-u);
t = z*z;
t1 = z - t*(P1+t*(P2+t*(P3+t*(P4+t*P5))));
r = (z*t1)/(t1-two)-(w+z*w);
z = one-(r-z);
GET_HIGH_WORD(j,z);
j += (n<<20);
if((j>>20)<=0) z = scalbn(z,n); /* subnormal output */
else SET_HIGH_WORD(z,j);
return s*z;
}

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/* e_powf.c -- float version of e_pow.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_powf.c,v 1.12 2004/06/01 19:33:30 bde Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float
bp[] = {1.0, 1.5,},
dp_h[] = { 0.0, 5.84960938e-01,}, /* 0x3f15c000 */
dp_l[] = { 0.0, 1.56322085e-06,}, /* 0x35d1cfdc */
zero = 0.0,
one = 1.0,
two = 2.0,
two24 = 16777216.0, /* 0x4b800000 */
huge = 1.0e30,
tiny = 1.0e-30,
/* poly coefs for (3/2)*(log(x)-2s-2/3*s**3 */
L1 = 6.0000002384e-01, /* 0x3f19999a */
L2 = 4.2857143283e-01, /* 0x3edb6db7 */
L3 = 3.3333334327e-01, /* 0x3eaaaaab */
L4 = 2.7272811532e-01, /* 0x3e8ba305 */
L5 = 2.3066075146e-01, /* 0x3e6c3255 */
L6 = 2.0697501302e-01, /* 0x3e53f142 */
P1 = 1.6666667163e-01, /* 0x3e2aaaab */
P2 = -2.7777778450e-03, /* 0xbb360b61 */
P3 = 6.6137559770e-05, /* 0x388ab355 */
P4 = -1.6533901999e-06, /* 0xb5ddea0e */
P5 = 4.1381369442e-08, /* 0x3331bb4c */
lg2 = 6.9314718246e-01, /* 0x3f317218 */
lg2_h = 6.93145752e-01, /* 0x3f317200 */
lg2_l = 1.42860654e-06, /* 0x35bfbe8c */
ovt = 4.2995665694e-08, /* -(128-log2(ovfl+.5ulp)) */
cp = 9.6179670095e-01, /* 0x3f76384f =2/(3ln2) */
cp_h = 9.6179199219e-01, /* 0x3f763800 =head of cp */
cp_l = 4.7017383622e-06, /* 0x369dc3a0 =tail of cp_h */
ivln2 = 1.4426950216e+00, /* 0x3fb8aa3b =1/ln2 */
ivln2_h = 1.4426879883e+00, /* 0x3fb8aa00 =16b 1/ln2*/
ivln2_l = 7.0526075433e-06; /* 0x36eca570 =1/ln2 tail*/
float
__ieee754_powf(float x, float y)
{
float z,ax,z_h,z_l,p_h,p_l;
float y1,t1,t2,r,s,sn,t,u,v,w;
int32_t i,j,k,yisint,n;
int32_t hx,hy,ix,iy,is;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hy,y);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff; iy = hy&0x7fffffff;
/* y==zero: x**0 = 1 */
if(iy==0) return one;
/* +-NaN return x+y */
if(ix > 0x7f800000 ||
iy > 0x7f800000)
return x+y;
/* determine if y is an odd int when x < 0
* yisint = 0 ... y is not an integer
* yisint = 1 ... y is an odd int
* yisint = 2 ... y is an even int
*/
yisint = 0;
if(hx<0) {
if(iy>=0x4b800000) yisint = 2; /* even integer y */
else if(iy>=0x3f800000) {
k = (iy>>23)-0x7f; /* exponent */
j = iy>>(23-k);
if((j<<(23-k))==iy) yisint = 2-(j&1);
}
}
/* special value of y */
if (iy==0x7f800000) { /* y is +-inf */
if (ix==0x3f800000)
return y - y; /* inf**+-1 is NaN */
else if (ix > 0x3f800000)/* (|x|>1)**+-inf = inf,0 */
return (hy>=0)? y: zero;
else /* (|x|<1)**-,+inf = inf,0 */
return (hy<0)?-y: zero;
}
if(iy==0x3f800000) { /* y is +-1 */
if(hy<0) return one/x; else return x;
}
if(hy==0x40000000) return x*x; /* y is 2 */
if(hy==0x3f000000) { /* y is 0.5 */
if(hx>=0) /* x >= +0 */
return __ieee754_sqrtf(x);
}
ax = fabsf(x);
/* special value of x */
if(ix==0x7f800000||ix==0||ix==0x3f800000){
z = ax; /*x is +-0,+-inf,+-1*/
if(hy<0) z = one/z; /* z = (1/|x|) */
if(hx<0) {
if(((ix-0x3f800000)|yisint)==0) {
z = (z-z)/(z-z); /* (-1)**non-int is NaN */
} else if(yisint==1)
z = -z; /* (x<0)**odd = -(|x|**odd) */
}
return z;
}
n = ((u_int32_t)hx>>31)-1;
/* (x<0)**(non-int) is NaN */
if((n|yisint)==0) return (x-x)/(x-x);
sn = one; /* s (sign of result -ve**odd) = -1 else = 1 */
if((n|(yisint-1))==0) sn = -one;/* (-ve)**(odd int) */
/* |y| is huge */
if(iy>0x4d000000) { /* if |y| > 2**27 */
/* over/underflow if x is not close to one */
if(ix<0x3f7ffff8) return (hy<0)? sn*huge*huge:sn*tiny*tiny;
if(ix>0x3f800007) return (hy>0)? sn*huge*huge:sn*tiny*tiny;
/* now |1-x| is tiny <= 2**-20, suffice to compute
log(x) by x-x^2/2+x^3/3-x^4/4 */
t = ax-1; /* t has 20 trailing zeros */
w = (t*t)*((float)0.5-t*((float)0.333333333333-t*(float)0.25));
u = ivln2_h*t; /* ivln2_h has 16 sig. bits */
v = t*ivln2_l-w*ivln2;
t1 = u+v;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,t1);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(t1,is&0xfffff000);
t2 = v-(t1-u);
} else {
float s2,s_h,s_l,t_h,t_l;
n = 0;
/* take care subnormal number */
if(ix<0x00800000)
{ax *= two24; n -= 24; GET_FLOAT_WORD(ix,ax); }
n += ((ix)>>23)-0x7f;
j = ix&0x007fffff;
/* determine interval */
ix = j|0x3f800000; /* normalize ix */
if(j<=0x1cc471) k=0; /* |x|<sqrt(3/2) */
else if(j<0x5db3d7) k=1; /* |x|<sqrt(3) */
else {k=0;n+=1;ix -= 0x00800000;}
SET_FLOAT_WORD(ax,ix);
/* compute s = s_h+s_l = (x-1)/(x+1) or (x-1.5)/(x+1.5) */
u = ax-bp[k]; /* bp[0]=1.0, bp[1]=1.5 */
v = one/(ax+bp[k]);
s = u*v;
s_h = s;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,s_h);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(s_h,is&0xfffff000);
/* t_h=ax+bp[k] High */
is = ((ix>>1)&0xfffff000)|0x20000000;
SET_FLOAT_WORD(t_h,is+0x00400000+(k<<21));
t_l = ax - (t_h-bp[k]);
s_l = v*((u-s_h*t_h)-s_h*t_l);
/* compute log(ax) */
s2 = s*s;
r = s2*s2*(L1+s2*(L2+s2*(L3+s2*(L4+s2*(L5+s2*L6)))));
r += s_l*(s_h+s);
s2 = s_h*s_h;
t_h = (float)3.0+s2+r;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,t_h);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(t_h,is&0xfffff000);
t_l = r-((t_h-(float)3.0)-s2);
/* u+v = s*(1+...) */
u = s_h*t_h;
v = s_l*t_h+t_l*s;
/* 2/(3log2)*(s+...) */
p_h = u+v;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,p_h);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(p_h,is&0xfffff000);
p_l = v-(p_h-u);
z_h = cp_h*p_h; /* cp_h+cp_l = 2/(3*log2) */
z_l = cp_l*p_h+p_l*cp+dp_l[k];
/* log2(ax) = (s+..)*2/(3*log2) = n + dp_h + z_h + z_l */
t = (float)n;
t1 = (((z_h+z_l)+dp_h[k])+t);
GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,t1);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(t1,is&0xfffff000);
t2 = z_l-(((t1-t)-dp_h[k])-z_h);
}
/* split up y into y1+y2 and compute (y1+y2)*(t1+t2) */
GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,y);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(y1,is&0xfffff000);
p_l = (y-y1)*t1+y*t2;
p_h = y1*t1;
z = p_l+p_h;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(j,z);
if (j>0x43000000) /* if z > 128 */
return sn*huge*huge; /* overflow */
else if (j==0x43000000) { /* if z == 128 */
if(p_l+ovt>z-p_h) return sn*huge*huge; /* overflow */
}
else if ((j&0x7fffffff)>0x43160000) /* z <= -150 */
return sn*tiny*tiny; /* underflow */
else if (j==0xc3160000){ /* z == -150 */
if(p_l<=z-p_h) return sn*tiny*tiny; /* underflow */
}
/*
* compute 2**(p_h+p_l)
*/
i = j&0x7fffffff;
k = (i>>23)-0x7f;
n = 0;
if(i>0x3f000000) { /* if |z| > 0.5, set n = [z+0.5] */
n = j+(0x00800000>>(k+1));
k = ((n&0x7fffffff)>>23)-0x7f; /* new k for n */
SET_FLOAT_WORD(t,n&~(0x007fffff>>k));
n = ((n&0x007fffff)|0x00800000)>>(23-k);
if(j<0) n = -n;
p_h -= t;
}
t = p_l+p_h;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,t);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(t,is&0xffff8000);
u = t*lg2_h;
v = (p_l-(t-p_h))*lg2+t*lg2_l;
z = u+v;
w = v-(z-u);
t = z*z;
t1 = z - t*(P1+t*(P2+t*(P3+t*(P4+t*P5))));
r = (z*t1)/(t1-two)-(w+z*w);
z = one-(r-z);
GET_FLOAT_WORD(j,z);
j += (n<<23);
if((j>>23)<=0) z = scalbnf(z,n); /* subnormal output */
else SET_FLOAT_WORD(z,j);
return sn*z;
}

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/* @(#)e_rem_pio2.c 1.4 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_rem_pio2.c,v 1.8 2005/02/04 18:26:06 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_rem_pio2(x,y)
*
* return the remainder of x rem pi/2 in y[0]+y[1]
* use __kernel_rem_pio2()
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
/*
* Table of constants for 2/pi, 396 Hex digits (476 decimal) of 2/pi
*/
static const int32_t two_over_pi[] = {
0xA2F983, 0x6E4E44, 0x1529FC, 0x2757D1, 0xF534DD, 0xC0DB62,
0x95993C, 0x439041, 0xFE5163, 0xABDEBB, 0xC561B7, 0x246E3A,
0x424DD2, 0xE00649, 0x2EEA09, 0xD1921C, 0xFE1DEB, 0x1CB129,
0xA73EE8, 0x8235F5, 0x2EBB44, 0x84E99C, 0x7026B4, 0x5F7E41,
0x3991D6, 0x398353, 0x39F49C, 0x845F8B, 0xBDF928, 0x3B1FF8,
0x97FFDE, 0x05980F, 0xEF2F11, 0x8B5A0A, 0x6D1F6D, 0x367ECF,
0x27CB09, 0xB74F46, 0x3F669E, 0x5FEA2D, 0x7527BA, 0xC7EBE5,
0xF17B3D, 0x0739F7, 0x8A5292, 0xEA6BFB, 0x5FB11F, 0x8D5D08,
0x560330, 0x46FC7B, 0x6BABF0, 0xCFBC20, 0x9AF436, 0x1DA9E3,
0x91615E, 0xE61B08, 0x659985, 0x5F14A0, 0x68408D, 0xFFD880,
0x4D7327, 0x310606, 0x1556CA, 0x73A8C9, 0x60E27B, 0xC08C6B,
};
static const int32_t npio2_hw[] = {
0x3FF921FB, 0x400921FB, 0x4012D97C, 0x401921FB, 0x401F6A7A, 0x4022D97C,
0x4025FDBB, 0x402921FB, 0x402C463A, 0x402F6A7A, 0x4031475C, 0x4032D97C,
0x40346B9C, 0x4035FDBB, 0x40378FDB, 0x403921FB, 0x403AB41B, 0x403C463A,
0x403DD85A, 0x403F6A7A, 0x40407E4C, 0x4041475C, 0x4042106C, 0x4042D97C,
0x4043A28C, 0x40446B9C, 0x404534AC, 0x4045FDBB, 0x4046C6CB, 0x40478FDB,
0x404858EB, 0x404921FB,
};
/*
* invpio2: 53 bits of 2/pi
* pio2_1: first 33 bit of pi/2
* pio2_1t: pi/2 - pio2_1
* pio2_2: second 33 bit of pi/2
* pio2_2t: pi/2 - (pio2_1+pio2_2)
* pio2_3: third 33 bit of pi/2
* pio2_3t: pi/2 - (pio2_1+pio2_2+pio2_3)
*/
static const double
zero = 0.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000, 0x00000000 */
half = 5.00000000000000000000e-01, /* 0x3FE00000, 0x00000000 */
two24 = 1.67772160000000000000e+07, /* 0x41700000, 0x00000000 */
invpio2 = 6.36619772367581382433e-01, /* 0x3FE45F30, 0x6DC9C883 */
pio2_1 = 1.57079632673412561417e+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x54400000 */
pio2_1t = 6.07710050650619224932e-11, /* 0x3DD0B461, 0x1A626331 */
pio2_2 = 6.07710050630396597660e-11, /* 0x3DD0B461, 0x1A600000 */
pio2_2t = 2.02226624879595063154e-21, /* 0x3BA3198A, 0x2E037073 */
pio2_3 = 2.02226624871116645580e-21, /* 0x3BA3198A, 0x2E000000 */
pio2_3t = 8.47842766036889956997e-32; /* 0x397B839A, 0x252049C1 */
int32_t __ieee754_rem_pio2(double x, double *y)
{
double z,w,t,r,fn;
double tx[3];
int32_t e0,i,j,nx,n,ix,hx;
u_int32_t low;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x); /* high word of x */
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix<=0x3fe921fb) /* |x| ~<= pi/4 , no need for reduction */
{y[0] = x; y[1] = 0; return 0;}
if(ix<0x4002d97c) { /* |x| < 3pi/4, special case with n=+-1 */
if(hx>0) {
z = x - pio2_1;
if(ix!=0x3ff921fb) { /* 33+53 bit pi is good enough */
y[0] = z - pio2_1t;
y[1] = (z-y[0])-pio2_1t;
} else { /* near pi/2, use 33+33+53 bit pi */
z -= pio2_2;
y[0] = z - pio2_2t;
y[1] = (z-y[0])-pio2_2t;
}
return 1;
} else { /* negative x */
z = x + pio2_1;
if(ix!=0x3ff921fb) { /* 33+53 bit pi is good enough */
y[0] = z + pio2_1t;
y[1] = (z-y[0])+pio2_1t;
} else { /* near pi/2, use 33+33+53 bit pi */
z += pio2_2;
y[0] = z + pio2_2t;
y[1] = (z-y[0])+pio2_2t;
}
return -1;
}
}
if(ix<=0x413921fb) { /* |x| ~<= 2^19*(pi/2), medium size */
t = fabs(x);
n = (int32_t) (t*invpio2+half);
fn = (double)n;
r = t-fn*pio2_1;
w = fn*pio2_1t; /* 1st round good to 85 bit */
if(n<32&&ix!=npio2_hw[n-1]) {
y[0] = r-w; /* quick check no cancellation */
} else {
u_int32_t high;
j = ix>>20;
y[0] = r-w;
GET_HIGH_WORD(high,y[0]);
i = j-((high>>20)&0x7ff);
if(i>16) { /* 2nd iteration needed, good to 118 */
t = r;
w = fn*pio2_2;
r = t-w;
w = fn*pio2_2t-((t-r)-w);
y[0] = r-w;
GET_HIGH_WORD(high,y[0]);
i = j-((high>>20)&0x7ff);
if(i>49) { /* 3rd iteration need, 151 bits acc */
t = r; /* will cover all possible cases */
w = fn*pio2_3;
r = t-w;
w = fn*pio2_3t-((t-r)-w);
y[0] = r-w;
}
}
}
y[1] = (r-y[0])-w;
if(hx<0) {y[0] = -y[0]; y[1] = -y[1]; return -n;}
else return n;
}
/*
* all other (large) arguments
*/
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) { /* x is inf or NaN */
y[0]=y[1]=x-x; return 0;
}
/* set z = scalbn(|x|,ilogb(x)-23) */
GET_LOW_WORD(low,x);
SET_LOW_WORD(z,low);
e0 = (ix>>20)-1046; /* e0 = ilogb(z)-23; */
SET_HIGH_WORD(z, ix - ((int32_t)(e0<<20)));
for(i=0;i<2;i++) {
tx[i] = (double)((int32_t)(z));
z = (z-tx[i])*two24;
}
tx[2] = z;
nx = 3;
while(tx[nx-1]==zero) nx--; /* skip zero term */
n = __kernel_rem_pio2(tx,y,e0,nx,2,two_over_pi);
if(hx<0) {y[0] = -y[0]; y[1] = -y[1]; return -n;}
return n;
}

98
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/* e_rem_pio2f.c -- float version of e_rem_pio2.c
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
* Debugged and optimized by Bruce D. Evans.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_rem_pio2f.c,v 1.19 2005/11/23 03:03:09 bde Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_rem_pio2f(x,y)
*
* return the remainder of x rem pi/2 in y[0]+y[1]
* use double precision internally
* use __kernel_rem_pio2() for large x
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
/*
* Table of constants for 2/pi, 396 Hex digits (476 decimal) of 2/pi
*/
static const int32_t two_over_pi[] = {
0xA2F983, 0x6E4E44, 0x1529FC, 0x2757D1, 0xF534DD, 0xC0DB62,
0x95993C, 0x439041, 0xFE5163, 0xABDEBB, 0xC561B7, 0x246E3A,
0x424DD2, 0xE00649, 0x2EEA09, 0xD1921C, 0xFE1DEB, 0x1CB129,
0xA73EE8, 0x8235F5, 0x2EBB44, 0x84E99C, 0x7026B4, 0x5F7E41,
0x3991D6, 0x398353, 0x39F49C, 0x845F8B, 0xBDF928, 0x3B1FF8,
0x97FFDE, 0x05980F, 0xEF2F11, 0x8B5A0A, 0x6D1F6D, 0x367ECF,
0x27CB09, 0xB74F46, 0x3F669E, 0x5FEA2D, 0x7527BA, 0xC7EBE5,
0xF17B3D, 0x0739F7, 0x8A5292, 0xEA6BFB, 0x5FB11F, 0x8D5D08,
0x560330, 0x46FC7B, 0x6BABF0, 0xCFBC20, 0x9AF436, 0x1DA9E3,
0x91615E, 0xE61B08, 0x659985, 0x5F14A0, 0x68408D, 0xFFD880,
0x4D7327, 0x310606, 0x1556CA, 0x73A8C9, 0x60E27B, 0xC08C6B,
};
/*
* invpio2: 53 bits of 2/pi
* pio2_1: first 33 bit of pi/2
* pio2_1t: pi/2 - pio2_1
*/
static const double
zero = 0.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000, 0x00000000 */
half = 5.00000000000000000000e-01, /* 0x3FE00000, 0x00000000 */
two24 = 1.67772160000000000000e+07, /* 0x41700000, 0x00000000 */
invpio2 = 6.36619772367581382433e-01, /* 0x3FE45F30, 0x6DC9C883 */
pio2_1 = 1.57079632673412561417e+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x54400000 */
pio2_1t = 6.07710050650619224932e-11; /* 0x3DD0B461, 0x1A626331 */
int32_t __ieee754_rem_pio2f(float x, float *y)
{
double w,t,r,fn;
double tx[1],ty[2];
float z;
int32_t e0,n,ix,hx;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
/* 33+53 bit pi is good enough for medium size */
if(ix<=0x49490f80) { /* |x| ~<= 2^19*(pi/2), medium size */
t = fabsf(x);
n = (int32_t) (t*invpio2+half);
fn = (double)n;
r = t-fn*pio2_1;
w = fn*pio2_1t;
y[0] = r-w;
y[1] = (r-y[0])-w;
if(hx<0) {y[0] = -y[0]; y[1] = -y[1]; return -n;}
else return n;
}
/*
* all other (large) arguments
*/
if(ix>=0x7f800000) { /* x is inf or NaN */
y[0]=y[1]=x-x; return 0;
}
/* set z = scalbn(|x|,ilogb(|x|)-23) */
e0 = (ix>>23)-150; /* e0 = ilogb(|x|)-23; */
SET_FLOAT_WORD(z, ix - ((int32_t)(e0<<23)));
tx[0] = z;
n = __kernel_rem_pio2(tx,ty,e0,1,1,two_over_pi);
y[0] = ty[0];
y[1] = ty[0] - y[0];
if(hx<0) {y[0] = -y[0]; y[1] = -y[1]; return -n;}
return n;
}

73
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/* @(#)e_remainder.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_remainder.c,v 1.10 2005/02/04 18:26:06 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_remainder(x,p)
* Return :
* returns x REM p = x - [x/p]*p as if in infinite
* precise arithmetic, where [x/p] is the (infinite bit)
* integer nearest x/p (in half way case choose the even one).
* Method :
* Based on fmod() return x-[x/p]chopped*p exactlp.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double zero = 0.0;
double
__ieee754_remainder(double x, double p)
{
int32_t hx,hp;
u_int32_t sx,lx,lp;
double p_half;
EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
EXTRACT_WORDS(hp,lp,p);
sx = hx&0x80000000;
hp &= 0x7fffffff;
hx &= 0x7fffffff;
/* purge off exception values */
if((hp|lp)==0) return (x*p)/(x*p); /* p = 0 */
if((hx>=0x7ff00000)|| /* x not finite */
((hp>=0x7ff00000)&& /* p is NaN */
(((hp-0x7ff00000)|lp)!=0)))
return (x*p)/(x*p);
if (hp<=0x7fdfffff) x = __ieee754_fmod(x,p+p); /* now x < 2p */
if (((hx-hp)|(lx-lp))==0) return zero*x;
x = fabs(x);
p = fabs(p);
if (hp<0x00200000) {
if(x+x>p) {
x-=p;
if(x+x>=p) x -= p;
}
} else {
p_half = 0.5*p;
if(x>p_half) {
x-=p;
if(x>=p_half) x -= p;
}
}
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
SET_HIGH_WORD(x,hx^sx);
return x;
}

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/* e_remainderf.c -- float version of e_remainder.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_remainderf.c,v 1.7 2002/05/28 18:15:04 alfred Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float zero = 0.0;
float
__ieee754_remainderf(float x, float p)
{
int32_t hx,hp;
u_int32_t sx;
float p_half;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hp,p);
sx = hx&0x80000000;
hp &= 0x7fffffff;
hx &= 0x7fffffff;
/* purge off exception values */
if(hp==0) return (x*p)/(x*p); /* p = 0 */
if((hx>=0x7f800000)|| /* x not finite */
((hp>0x7f800000))) /* p is NaN */
return (x*p)/(x*p);
if (hp<=0x7effffff) x = __ieee754_fmodf(x,p+p); /* now x < 2p */
if ((hx-hp)==0) return zero*x;
x = fabsf(x);
p = fabsf(p);
if (hp<0x01000000) {
if(x+x>p) {
x-=p;
if(x+x>=p) x -= p;
}
} else {
p_half = (float)0.5*p;
if(x>p_half) {
x-=p;
if(x>=p_half) x -= p;
}
}
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(x,hx^sx);
return x;
}

48
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/* @(#)e_scalb.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_scalb.c,v 1.12 2005/02/04 18:26:06 das Exp $";
#endif
/*
* __ieee754_scalb(x, fn) is provide for
* passing various standard test suite. One
* should use scalbn() instead.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
#ifdef _SCALB_INT
double
__ieee754_scalb(double x, int fn)
#else
double
__ieee754_scalb(double x, double fn)
#endif
{
#ifdef _SCALB_INT
return scalbn(x,fn);
#else
if (isnan(x)||isnan(fn)) return x*fn;
if (!finite(fn)) {
if(fn>0.0) return x*fn;
else return x/(-fn);
}
if (rint(fn)!=fn) return (fn-fn)/(fn-fn);
if ( fn > 65000.0) return scalbn(x, 65000);
if (-fn > 65000.0) return scalbn(x,-65000);
return scalbn(x,(int)fn);
#endif
}

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/* e_scalbf.c -- float version of e_scalb.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_scalbf.c,v 1.10 2005/12/06 20:12:38 obrien Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
#ifdef _SCALB_INT
float
__ieee754_scalbf(float x, int fn)
#else
float
__ieee754_scalbf(float x, float fn)
#endif
{
#ifdef _SCALB_INT
return scalbnf(x,fn);
#else
if ((isnanf)(x)||(isnanf)(fn)) return x*fn;
if (!finitef(fn)) {
if(fn>(float)0.0) return x*fn;
else return x/(-fn);
}
if (rintf(fn)!=fn) return (fn-fn)/(fn-fn);
if ( fn > (float)65000.0) return scalbnf(x, 65000);
if (-fn > (float)65000.0) return scalbnf(x,-65000);
return scalbnf(x,(int)fn);
#endif
}
__weak_reference(scalbf, ldexpf);

79
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/* @(#)e_sinh.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_sinh.c,v 1.9 2005/02/04 18:26:06 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_sinh(x)
* Method :
* mathematically sinh(x) if defined to be (exp(x)-exp(-x))/2
* 1. Replace x by |x| (sinh(-x) = -sinh(x)).
* 2.
* E + E/(E+1)
* 0 <= x <= 22 : sinh(x) := --------------, E=expm1(x)
* 2
*
* 22 <= x <= lnovft : sinh(x) := exp(x)/2
* lnovft <= x <= ln2ovft: sinh(x) := exp(x/2)/2 * exp(x/2)
* ln2ovft < x : sinh(x) := x*shuge (overflow)
*
* Special cases:
* sinh(x) is |x| if x is +INF, -INF, or NaN.
* only sinh(0)=0 is exact for finite x.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double one = 1.0, shuge = 1.0e307;
double
__ieee754_sinh(double x)
{
double t,w,h;
int32_t ix,jx;
u_int32_t lx;
/* High word of |x|. */
GET_HIGH_WORD(jx,x);
ix = jx&0x7fffffff;
/* x is INF or NaN */
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return x+x;
h = 0.5;
if (jx<0) h = -h;
/* |x| in [0,22], return sign(x)*0.5*(E+E/(E+1))) */
if (ix < 0x40360000) { /* |x|<22 */
if (ix<0x3e300000) /* |x|<2**-28 */
if(shuge+x>one) return x;/* sinh(tiny) = tiny with inexact */
t = expm1(fabs(x));
if(ix<0x3ff00000) return h*(2.0*t-t*t/(t+one));
return h*(t+t/(t+one));
}
/* |x| in [22, log(maxdouble)] return 0.5*exp(|x|) */
if (ix < 0x40862E42) return h*__ieee754_exp(fabs(x));
/* |x| in [log(maxdouble), overflowthresold] */
GET_LOW_WORD(lx,x);
if (ix<0x408633CE || ((ix==0x408633ce)&&(lx<=(u_int32_t)0x8fb9f87d))) {
w = __ieee754_exp(0.5*fabs(x));
t = h*w;
return t*w;
}
/* |x| > overflowthresold, sinh(x) overflow */
return x*shuge;
}

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/* e_sinhf.c -- float version of e_sinh.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_sinhf.c,v 1.8 2005/11/13 00:41:46 bde Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float one = 1.0, shuge = 1.0e37;
float
__ieee754_sinhf(float x)
{
float t,w,h;
int32_t ix,jx;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(jx,x);
ix = jx&0x7fffffff;
/* x is INF or NaN */
if(ix>=0x7f800000) return x+x;
h = 0.5;
if (jx<0) h = -h;
/* |x| in [0,9], return sign(x)*0.5*(E+E/(E+1))) */
if (ix < 0x41100000) { /* |x|<9 */
if (ix<0x39800000) /* |x|<2**-12 */
if(shuge+x>one) return x;/* sinh(tiny) = tiny with inexact */
t = expm1f(fabsf(x));
if(ix<0x3f800000) return h*((float)2.0*t-t*t/(t+one));
return h*(t+t/(t+one));
}
/* |x| in [9, logf(maxfloat)] return 0.5*exp(|x|) */
if (ix < 0x42b17217) return h*__ieee754_expf(fabsf(x));
/* |x| in [logf(maxfloat), overflowthresold] */
if (ix<=0x42b2d4fc) {
w = __ieee754_expf((float)0.5*fabsf(x));
t = h*w;
return t*w;
}
/* |x| > overflowthresold, sinh(x) overflow */
return x*shuge;
}

446
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/* @(#)e_sqrt.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_sqrt.c,v 1.10 2005/02/04 18:26:06 das Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_sqrt(x)
* Return correctly rounded sqrt.
* ------------------------------------------
* | Use the hardware sqrt if you have one |
* ------------------------------------------
* Method:
* Bit by bit method using integer arithmetic. (Slow, but portable)
* 1. Normalization
* Scale x to y in [1,4) with even powers of 2:
* find an integer k such that 1 <= (y=x*2^(2k)) < 4, then
* sqrt(x) = 2^k * sqrt(y)
* 2. Bit by bit computation
* Let q = sqrt(y) truncated to i bit after binary point (q = 1),
* i 0
* i+1 2
* s = 2*q , and y = 2 * ( y - q ). (1)
* i i i i
*
* To compute q from q , one checks whether
* i+1 i
*
* -(i+1) 2
* (q + 2 ) <= y. (2)
* i
* -(i+1)
* If (2) is false, then q = q ; otherwise q = q + 2 .
* i+1 i i+1 i
*
* With some algebric manipulation, it is not difficult to see
* that (2) is equivalent to
* -(i+1)
* s + 2 <= y (3)
* i i
*
* The advantage of (3) is that s and y can be computed by
* i i
* the following recurrence formula:
* if (3) is false
*
* s = s , y = y ; (4)
* i+1 i i+1 i
*
* otherwise,
* -i -(i+1)
* s = s + 2 , y = y - s - 2 (5)
* i+1 i i+1 i i
*
* One may easily use induction to prove (4) and (5).
* Note. Since the left hand side of (3) contain only i+2 bits,
* it does not necessary to do a full (53-bit) comparison
* in (3).
* 3. Final rounding
* After generating the 53 bits result, we compute one more bit.
* Together with the remainder, we can decide whether the
* result is exact, bigger than 1/2ulp, or less than 1/2ulp
* (it will never equal to 1/2ulp).
* The rounding mode can be detected by checking whether
* huge + tiny is equal to huge, and whether huge - tiny is
* equal to huge for some floating point number "huge" and "tiny".
*
* Special cases:
* sqrt(+-0) = +-0 ... exact
* sqrt(inf) = inf
* sqrt(-ve) = NaN ... with invalid signal
* sqrt(NaN) = NaN ... with invalid signal for signaling NaN
*
* Other methods : see the appended file at the end of the program below.
*---------------
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double one = 1.0, tiny=1.0e-300;
double
__ieee754_sqrt(double x)
{
double z;
int32_t sign = (int)0x80000000;
int32_t ix0,s0,q,m,t,i;
u_int32_t r,t1,s1,ix1,q1;
EXTRACT_WORDS(ix0,ix1,x);
/* take care of Inf and NaN */
if((ix0&0x7ff00000)==0x7ff00000) {
return x*x+x; /* sqrt(NaN)=NaN, sqrt(+inf)=+inf
sqrt(-inf)=sNaN */
}
/* take care of zero */
if(ix0<=0) {
if(((ix0&(~sign))|ix1)==0) return x;/* sqrt(+-0) = +-0 */
else if(ix0<0)
return (x-x)/(x-x); /* sqrt(-ve) = sNaN */
}
/* normalize x */
m = (ix0>>20);
if(m==0) { /* subnormal x */
while(ix0==0) {
m -= 21;
ix0 |= (ix1>>11); ix1 <<= 21;
}
for(i=0;(ix0&0x00100000)==0;i++) ix0<<=1;
m -= i-1;
ix0 |= (ix1>>(32-i));
ix1 <<= i;
}
m -= 1023; /* unbias exponent */
ix0 = (ix0&0x000fffff)|0x00100000;
if(m&1){ /* odd m, double x to make it even */
ix0 += ix0 + ((ix1&sign)>>31);
ix1 += ix1;
}
m >>= 1; /* m = [m/2] */
/* generate sqrt(x) bit by bit */
ix0 += ix0 + ((ix1&sign)>>31);
ix1 += ix1;
q = q1 = s0 = s1 = 0; /* [q,q1] = sqrt(x) */
r = 0x00200000; /* r = moving bit from right to left */
while(r!=0) {
t = s0+r;
if(t<=ix0) {
s0 = t+r;
ix0 -= t;
q += r;
}
ix0 += ix0 + ((ix1&sign)>>31);
ix1 += ix1;
r>>=1;
}
r = sign;
while(r!=0) {
t1 = s1+r;
t = s0;
if((t<ix0)||((t==ix0)&&(t1<=ix1))) {
s1 = t1+r;
if(((t1&sign)==sign)&&(s1&sign)==0) s0 += 1;
ix0 -= t;
if (ix1 < t1) ix0 -= 1;
ix1 -= t1;
q1 += r;
}
ix0 += ix0 + ((ix1&sign)>>31);
ix1 += ix1;
r>>=1;
}
/* use floating add to find out rounding direction */
if((ix0|ix1)!=0) {
z = one-tiny; /* trigger inexact flag */
if (z>=one) {
z = one+tiny;
if (q1==(u_int32_t)0xffffffff) { q1=0; q += 1;}
else if (z>one) {
if (q1==(u_int32_t)0xfffffffe) q+=1;
q1+=2;
} else
q1 += (q1&1);
}
}
ix0 = (q>>1)+0x3fe00000;
ix1 = q1>>1;
if ((q&1)==1) ix1 |= sign;
ix0 += (m <<20);
INSERT_WORDS(z,ix0,ix1);
return z;
}
/*
Other methods (use floating-point arithmetic)
-------------
(This is a copy of a drafted paper by Prof W. Kahan
and K.C. Ng, written in May, 1986)
Two algorithms are given here to implement sqrt(x)
(IEEE double precision arithmetic) in software.
Both supply sqrt(x) correctly rounded. The first algorithm (in
Section A) uses newton iterations and involves four divisions.
The second one uses reciproot iterations to avoid division, but
requires more multiplications. Both algorithms need the ability
to chop results of arithmetic operations instead of round them,
and the INEXACT flag to indicate when an arithmetic operation
is executed exactly with no roundoff error, all part of the
standard (IEEE 754-1985). The ability to perform shift, add,
subtract and logical AND operations upon 32-bit words is needed
too, though not part of the standard.
A. sqrt(x) by Newton Iteration
(1) Initial approximation
Let x0 and x1 be the leading and the trailing 32-bit words of
a floating point number x (in IEEE double format) respectively
1 11 52 ...widths
------------------------------------------------------
x: |s| e | f |
------------------------------------------------------
msb lsb msb lsb ...order
------------------------ ------------------------
x0: |s| e | f1 | x1: | f2 |
------------------------ ------------------------
By performing shifts and subtracts on x0 and x1 (both regarded
as integers), we obtain an 8-bit approximation of sqrt(x) as
follows.
k := (x0>>1) + 0x1ff80000;
y0 := k - T1[31&(k>>15)]. ... y ~ sqrt(x) to 8 bits
Here k is a 32-bit integer and T1[] is an integer array containing
correction terms. Now magically the floating value of y (y's
leading 32-bit word is y0, the value of its trailing word is 0)
approximates sqrt(x) to almost 8-bit.
Value of T1:
static int T1[32]= {
0, 1024, 3062, 5746, 9193, 13348, 18162, 23592,
29598, 36145, 43202, 50740, 58733, 67158, 75992, 85215,
83599, 71378, 60428, 50647, 41945, 34246, 27478, 21581,
16499, 12183, 8588, 5674, 3403, 1742, 661, 130,};
(2) Iterative refinement
Apply Heron's rule three times to y, we have y approximates
sqrt(x) to within 1 ulp (Unit in the Last Place):
y := (y+x/y)/2 ... almost 17 sig. bits
y := (y+x/y)/2 ... almost 35 sig. bits
y := y-(y-x/y)/2 ... within 1 ulp
Remark 1.
Another way to improve y to within 1 ulp is:
y := (y+x/y) ... almost 17 sig. bits to 2*sqrt(x)
y := y - 0x00100006 ... almost 18 sig. bits to sqrt(x)
2
(x-y )*y
y := y + 2* ---------- ...within 1 ulp
2
3y + x
This formula has one division fewer than the one above; however,
it requires more multiplications and additions. Also x must be
scaled in advance to avoid spurious overflow in evaluating the
expression 3y*y+x. Hence it is not recommended uless division
is slow. If division is very slow, then one should use the
reciproot algorithm given in section B.
(3) Final adjustment
By twiddling y's last bit it is possible to force y to be
correctly rounded according to the prevailing rounding mode
as follows. Let r and i be copies of the rounding mode and
inexact flag before entering the square root program. Also we
use the expression y+-ulp for the next representable floating
numbers (up and down) of y. Note that y+-ulp = either fixed
point y+-1, or multiply y by nextafter(1,+-inf) in chopped
mode.
I := FALSE; ... reset INEXACT flag I
R := RZ; ... set rounding mode to round-toward-zero
z := x/y; ... chopped quotient, possibly inexact
If(not I) then { ... if the quotient is exact
if(z=y) {
I := i; ... restore inexact flag
R := r; ... restore rounded mode
return sqrt(x):=y.
} else {
z := z - ulp; ... special rounding
}
}
i := TRUE; ... sqrt(x) is inexact
If (r=RN) then z=z+ulp ... rounded-to-nearest
If (r=RP) then { ... round-toward-+inf
y = y+ulp; z=z+ulp;
}
y := y+z; ... chopped sum
y0:=y0-0x00100000; ... y := y/2 is correctly rounded.
I := i; ... restore inexact flag
R := r; ... restore rounded mode
return sqrt(x):=y.
(4) Special cases
Square root of +inf, +-0, or NaN is itself;
Square root of a negative number is NaN with invalid signal.
B. sqrt(x) by Reciproot Iteration
(1) Initial approximation
Let x0 and x1 be the leading and the trailing 32-bit words of
a floating point number x (in IEEE double format) respectively
(see section A). By performing shifs and subtracts on x0 and y0,
we obtain a 7.8-bit approximation of 1/sqrt(x) as follows.
k := 0x5fe80000 - (x0>>1);
y0:= k - T2[63&(k>>14)]. ... y ~ 1/sqrt(x) to 7.8 bits
Here k is a 32-bit integer and T2[] is an integer array
containing correction terms. Now magically the floating
value of y (y's leading 32-bit word is y0, the value of
its trailing word y1 is set to zero) approximates 1/sqrt(x)
to almost 7.8-bit.
Value of T2:
static int T2[64]= {
0x1500, 0x2ef8, 0x4d67, 0x6b02, 0x87be, 0xa395, 0xbe7a, 0xd866,
0xf14a, 0x1091b,0x11fcd,0x13552,0x14999,0x15c98,0x16e34,0x17e5f,
0x18d03,0x19a01,0x1a545,0x1ae8a,0x1b5c4,0x1bb01,0x1bfde,0x1c28d,
0x1c2de,0x1c0db,0x1ba73,0x1b11c,0x1a4b5,0x1953d,0x18266,0x16be0,
0x1683e,0x179d8,0x18a4d,0x19992,0x1a789,0x1b445,0x1bf61,0x1c989,
0x1d16d,0x1d77b,0x1dddf,0x1e2ad,0x1e5bf,0x1e6e8,0x1e654,0x1e3cd,
0x1df2a,0x1d635,0x1cb16,0x1be2c,0x1ae4e,0x19bde,0x1868e,0x16e2e,
0x1527f,0x1334a,0x11051,0xe951, 0xbe01, 0x8e0d, 0x5924, 0x1edd,};
(2) Iterative refinement
Apply Reciproot iteration three times to y and multiply the
result by x to get an approximation z that matches sqrt(x)
to about 1 ulp. To be exact, we will have
-1ulp < sqrt(x)-z<1.0625ulp.
... set rounding mode to Round-to-nearest
y := y*(1.5-0.5*x*y*y) ... almost 15 sig. bits to 1/sqrt(x)
y := y*((1.5-2^-30)+0.5*x*y*y)... about 29 sig. bits to 1/sqrt(x)
... special arrangement for better accuracy
z := x*y ... 29 bits to sqrt(x), with z*y<1
z := z + 0.5*z*(1-z*y) ... about 1 ulp to sqrt(x)
Remark 2. The constant 1.5-2^-30 is chosen to bias the error so that
(a) the term z*y in the final iteration is always less than 1;
(b) the error in the final result is biased upward so that
-1 ulp < sqrt(x) - z < 1.0625 ulp
instead of |sqrt(x)-z|<1.03125ulp.
(3) Final adjustment
By twiddling y's last bit it is possible to force y to be
correctly rounded according to the prevailing rounding mode
as follows. Let r and i be copies of the rounding mode and
inexact flag before entering the square root program. Also we
use the expression y+-ulp for the next representable floating
numbers (up and down) of y. Note that y+-ulp = either fixed
point y+-1, or multiply y by nextafter(1,+-inf) in chopped
mode.
R := RZ; ... set rounding mode to round-toward-zero
switch(r) {
case RN: ... round-to-nearest
if(x<= z*(z-ulp)...chopped) z = z - ulp; else
if(x<= z*(z+ulp)...chopped) z = z; else z = z+ulp;
break;
case RZ:case RM: ... round-to-zero or round-to--inf
R:=RP; ... reset rounding mod to round-to-+inf
if(x<z*z ... rounded up) z = z - ulp; else
if(x>=(z+ulp)*(z+ulp) ...rounded up) z = z+ulp;
break;
case RP: ... round-to-+inf
if(x>(z+ulp)*(z+ulp)...chopped) z = z+2*ulp; else
if(x>z*z ...chopped) z = z+ulp;
break;
}
Remark 3. The above comparisons can be done in fixed point. For
example, to compare x and w=z*z chopped, it suffices to compare
x1 and w1 (the trailing parts of x and w), regarding them as
two's complement integers.
...Is z an exact square root?
To determine whether z is an exact square root of x, let z1 be the
trailing part of z, and also let x0 and x1 be the leading and
trailing parts of x.
If ((z1&0x03ffffff)!=0) ... not exact if trailing 26 bits of z!=0
I := 1; ... Raise Inexact flag: z is not exact
else {
j := 1 - [(x0>>20)&1] ... j = logb(x) mod 2
k := z1 >> 26; ... get z's 25-th and 26-th
fraction bits
I := i or (k&j) or ((k&(j+j+1))!=(x1&3));
}
R:= r ... restore rounded mode
return sqrt(x):=z.
If multiplication is cheaper then the foregoing red tape, the
Inexact flag can be evaluated by
I := i;
I := (z*z!=x) or I.
Note that z*z can overwrite I; this value must be sensed if it is
True.
Remark 4. If z*z = x exactly, then bit 25 to bit 0 of z1 must be
zero.
--------------------
z1: | f2 |
--------------------
bit 31 bit 0
Further more, bit 27 and 26 of z1, bit 0 and 1 of x1, and the odd
or even of logb(x) have the following relations:
-------------------------------------------------
bit 27,26 of z1 bit 1,0 of x1 logb(x)
-------------------------------------------------
00 00 odd and even
01 01 even
10 10 odd
10 00 even
11 01 even
-------------------------------------------------
(4) Special cases (see (4) of Section A).
*/

89
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/* e_sqrtf.c -- float version of e_sqrt.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_sqrtf.c,v 1.7 2002/05/28 18:15:04 alfred Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float one = 1.0, tiny=1.0e-30;
float
__ieee754_sqrtf(float x)
{
float z;
int32_t sign = (int)0x80000000;
int32_t ix,s,q,m,t,i;
u_int32_t r;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(ix,x);
/* take care of Inf and NaN */
if((ix&0x7f800000)==0x7f800000) {
return x*x+x; /* sqrt(NaN)=NaN, sqrt(+inf)=+inf
sqrt(-inf)=sNaN */
}
/* take care of zero */
if(ix<=0) {
if((ix&(~sign))==0) return x;/* sqrt(+-0) = +-0 */
else if(ix<0)
return (x-x)/(x-x); /* sqrt(-ve) = sNaN */
}
/* normalize x */
m = (ix>>23);
if(m==0) { /* subnormal x */
for(i=0;(ix&0x00800000)==0;i++) ix<<=1;
m -= i-1;
}
m -= 127; /* unbias exponent */
ix = (ix&0x007fffff)|0x00800000;
if(m&1) /* odd m, double x to make it even */
ix += ix;
m >>= 1; /* m = [m/2] */
/* generate sqrt(x) bit by bit */
ix += ix;
q = s = 0; /* q = sqrt(x) */
r = 0x01000000; /* r = moving bit from right to left */
while(r!=0) {
t = s+r;
if(t<=ix) {
s = t+r;
ix -= t;
q += r;
}
ix += ix;
r>>=1;
}
/* use floating add to find out rounding direction */
if(ix!=0) {
z = one-tiny; /* trigger inexact flag */
if (z>=one) {
z = one+tiny;
if (z>one)
q += 2;
else
q += (q&1);
}
}
ix = (q>>1)+0x3f000000;
ix += (m <<23);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(z,ix);
return z;
}

72
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/*-
* Copyright (c) 2003 Mike Barcroft <mike@FreeBSD.org>
* Copyright (c) 2002 David Schultz <das@FreeBSD.ORG>
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/include/fpmath.h,v 1.3 2005/02/06 03:23:31 das Exp $
*/
#include <endian.h>
#include "_fpmath.h"
union IEEEf2bits {
float f;
struct {
#if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
unsigned int man :23;
unsigned int exp :8;
unsigned int sign :1;
#else /* _BIG_ENDIAN */
unsigned int sign :1;
unsigned int exp :8;
unsigned int man :23;
#endif
} bits;
};
#define DBL_MANH_SIZE 20
#define DBL_MANL_SIZE 32
union IEEEd2bits {
double d;
struct {
/* #ifdef __ARMEB__ */
#if (__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN) || (defined(__arm__) && !defined(__VFP_FP__))
unsigned int manh :20;
unsigned int exp :11;
unsigned int sign :1;
unsigned int manl :32;
#elif __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
unsigned int manl :32;
unsigned int manh :20;
unsigned int exp :11;
unsigned int sign :1;
#elif __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
unsigned int sign :1;
unsigned int exp :11;
unsigned int manh :20;
unsigned int manl :32;
#endif
} bits;
};

79
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/* @(#)k_cos.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/k_cos.c,v 1.10 2005/10/26 12:36:18 bde Exp $";
#endif
/*
* __kernel_cos( x, y )
* kernel cos function on [-pi/4, pi/4], pi/4 ~ 0.785398164
* Input x is assumed to be bounded by ~pi/4 in magnitude.
* Input y is the tail of x.
*
* Algorithm
* 1. Since cos(-x) = cos(x), we need only to consider positive x.
* 2. if x < 2^-27 (hx<0x3e400000 0), return 1 with inexact if x!=0.
* 3. cos(x) is approximated by a polynomial of degree 14 on
* [0,pi/4]
* 4 14
* cos(x) ~ 1 - x*x/2 + C1*x + ... + C6*x
* where the remez error is
*
* | 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 | -58
* |cos(x)-(1-.5*x +C1*x +C2*x +C3*x +C4*x +C5*x +C6*x )| <= 2
* | |
*
* 4 6 8 10 12 14
* 4. let r = C1*x +C2*x +C3*x +C4*x +C5*x +C6*x , then
* cos(x) ~ 1 - x*x/2 + r
* since cos(x+y) ~ cos(x) - sin(x)*y
* ~ cos(x) - x*y,
* a correction term is necessary in cos(x) and hence
* cos(x+y) = 1 - (x*x/2 - (r - x*y))
* For better accuracy, rearrange to
* cos(x+y) ~ w + (tmp + (r-x*y))
* where w = 1 - x*x/2 and tmp is a tiny correction term
* (1 - x*x/2 == w + tmp exactly in infinite precision).
* The exactness of w + tmp in infinite precision depends on w
* and tmp having the same precision as x. If they have extra
* precision due to compiler bugs, then the extra precision is
* only good provided it is retained in all terms of the final
* expression for cos(). Retention happens in all cases tested
* under FreeBSD, so don't pessimize things by forcibly clipping
* any extra precision in w.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
one = 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
C1 = 4.16666666666666019037e-02, /* 0x3FA55555, 0x5555554C */
C2 = -1.38888888888741095749e-03, /* 0xBF56C16C, 0x16C15177 */
C3 = 2.48015872894767294178e-05, /* 0x3EFA01A0, 0x19CB1590 */
C4 = -2.75573143513906633035e-07, /* 0xBE927E4F, 0x809C52AD */
C5 = 2.08757232129817482790e-09, /* 0x3E21EE9E, 0xBDB4B1C4 */
C6 = -1.13596475577881948265e-11; /* 0xBDA8FAE9, 0xBE8838D4 */
double
__kernel_cos(double x, double y)
{
double hz,z,r,w;
z = x*x;
r = z*(C1+z*(C2+z*(C3+z*(C4+z*(C5+z*C6)))));
hz = (float)0.5*z;
w = one-hz;
return w + (((one-w)-hz) + (z*r-x*y));
}

47
libm/src/k_cosf.c Normal file
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/* k_cosf.c -- float version of k_cos.c
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
* Debugged and optimized by Bruce D. Evans.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef INLINE_KERNEL_COSDF
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/k_cosf.c,v 1.15 2005/11/30 11:51:17 bde Exp $";
#endif
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
/* |cos(x) - c(x)| < 2**-34.1 (~[-5.37e-11, 5.295e-11]). */
static const double
one = 1.0,
C0 = -0x1ffffffd0c5e81.0p-54, /* -0.499999997251031003120 */
C1 = 0x155553e1053a42.0p-57, /* 0.0416666233237390631894 */
C2 = -0x16c087e80f1e27.0p-62, /* -0.00138867637746099294692 */
C3 = 0x199342e0ee5069.0p-68; /* 0.0000243904487962774090654 */
#ifdef INLINE_KERNEL_COSDF
extern inline
#endif
float
__kernel_cosdf(double x)
{
double r, w, z;
/* Try to optimize for parallel evaluation as in k_tanf.c. */
z = x*x;
w = z*z;
r = C2+z*C3;
return ((one+z*C0) + w*C1) + (w*z)*r;
}

304
libm/src/k_rem_pio2.c Normal file
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/* @(#)k_rem_pio2.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/k_rem_pio2.c,v 1.7 2005/02/04 18:26:06 das Exp $";
#endif
/*
* __kernel_rem_pio2(x,y,e0,nx,prec,ipio2)
* double x[],y[]; int e0,nx,prec; int ipio2[];
*
* __kernel_rem_pio2 return the last three digits of N with
* y = x - N*pi/2
* so that |y| < pi/2.
*
* The method is to compute the integer (mod 8) and fraction parts of
* (2/pi)*x without doing the full multiplication. In general we
* skip the part of the product that are known to be a huge integer (
* more accurately, = 0 mod 8 ). Thus the number of operations are
* independent of the exponent of the input.
*
* (2/pi) is represented by an array of 24-bit integers in ipio2[].
*
* Input parameters:
* x[] The input value (must be positive) is broken into nx
* pieces of 24-bit integers in double precision format.
* x[i] will be the i-th 24 bit of x. The scaled exponent
* of x[0] is given in input parameter e0 (i.e., x[0]*2^e0
* match x's up to 24 bits.
*
* Example of breaking a double positive z into x[0]+x[1]+x[2]:
* e0 = ilogb(z)-23
* z = scalbn(z,-e0)
* for i = 0,1,2
* x[i] = floor(z)
* z = (z-x[i])*2**24
*
*
* y[] ouput result in an array of double precision numbers.
* The dimension of y[] is:
* 24-bit precision 1
* 53-bit precision 2
* 64-bit precision 2
* 113-bit precision 3
* The actual value is the sum of them. Thus for 113-bit
* precison, one may have to do something like:
*
* long double t,w,r_head, r_tail;
* t = (long double)y[2] + (long double)y[1];
* w = (long double)y[0];
* r_head = t+w;
* r_tail = w - (r_head - t);
*
* e0 The exponent of x[0]
*
* nx dimension of x[]
*
* prec an integer indicating the precision:
* 0 24 bits (single)
* 1 53 bits (double)
* 2 64 bits (extended)
* 3 113 bits (quad)
*
* ipio2[]
* integer array, contains the (24*i)-th to (24*i+23)-th
* bit of 2/pi after binary point. The corresponding
* floating value is
*
* ipio2[i] * 2^(-24(i+1)).
*
* External function:
* double scalbn(), floor();
*
*
* Here is the description of some local variables:
*
* jk jk+1 is the initial number of terms of ipio2[] needed
* in the computation. The recommended value is 2,3,4,
* 6 for single, double, extended,and quad.
*
* jz local integer variable indicating the number of
* terms of ipio2[] used.
*
* jx nx - 1
*
* jv index for pointing to the suitable ipio2[] for the
* computation. In general, we want
* ( 2^e0*x[0] * ipio2[jv-1]*2^(-24jv) )/8
* is an integer. Thus
* e0-3-24*jv >= 0 or (e0-3)/24 >= jv
* Hence jv = max(0,(e0-3)/24).
*
* jp jp+1 is the number of terms in PIo2[] needed, jp = jk.
*
* q[] double array with integral value, representing the
* 24-bits chunk of the product of x and 2/pi.
*
* q0 the corresponding exponent of q[0]. Note that the
* exponent for q[i] would be q0-24*i.
*
* PIo2[] double precision array, obtained by cutting pi/2
* into 24 bits chunks.
*
* f[] ipio2[] in floating point
*
* iq[] integer array by breaking up q[] in 24-bits chunk.
*
* fq[] final product of x*(2/pi) in fq[0],..,fq[jk]
*
* ih integer. If >0 it indicates q[] is >= 0.5, hence
* it also indicates the *sign* of the result.
*
*/
/*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const int init_jk[] = {2,3,4,6}; /* initial value for jk */
static const double PIo2[] = {
1.57079625129699707031e+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x40000000 */
7.54978941586159635335e-08, /* 0x3E74442D, 0x00000000 */
5.39030252995776476554e-15, /* 0x3CF84698, 0x80000000 */
3.28200341580791294123e-22, /* 0x3B78CC51, 0x60000000 */
1.27065575308067607349e-29, /* 0x39F01B83, 0x80000000 */
1.22933308981111328932e-36, /* 0x387A2520, 0x40000000 */
2.73370053816464559624e-44, /* 0x36E38222, 0x80000000 */
2.16741683877804819444e-51, /* 0x3569F31D, 0x00000000 */
};
static const double
zero = 0.0,
one = 1.0,
two24 = 1.67772160000000000000e+07, /* 0x41700000, 0x00000000 */
twon24 = 5.96046447753906250000e-08; /* 0x3E700000, 0x00000000 */
int __kernel_rem_pio2(double *x, double *y, int e0, int nx, int prec, const int32_t *ipio2)
{
int32_t jz,jx,jv,jp,jk,carry,n,iq[20],i,j,k,m,q0,ih;
double z,fw,f[20],fq[20],q[20];
/* initialize jk*/
jk = init_jk[prec];
jp = jk;
/* determine jx,jv,q0, note that 3>q0 */
jx = nx-1;
jv = (e0-3)/24; if(jv<0) jv=0;
q0 = e0-24*(jv+1);
/* set up f[0] to f[jx+jk] where f[jx+jk] = ipio2[jv+jk] */
j = jv-jx; m = jx+jk;
for(i=0;i<=m;i++,j++) f[i] = (j<0)? zero : (double) ipio2[j];
/* compute q[0],q[1],...q[jk] */
for (i=0;i<=jk;i++) {
for(j=0,fw=0.0;j<=jx;j++) fw += x[j]*f[jx+i-j]; q[i] = fw;
}
jz = jk;
recompute:
/* distill q[] into iq[] reversingly */
for(i=0,j=jz,z=q[jz];j>0;i++,j--) {
fw = (double)((int32_t)(twon24* z));
iq[i] = (int32_t)(z-two24*fw);
z = q[j-1]+fw;
}
/* compute n */
z = scalbn(z,q0); /* actual value of z */
z -= 8.0*floor(z*0.125); /* trim off integer >= 8 */
n = (int32_t) z;
z -= (double)n;
ih = 0;
if(q0>0) { /* need iq[jz-1] to determine n */
i = (iq[jz-1]>>(24-q0)); n += i;
iq[jz-1] -= i<<(24-q0);
ih = iq[jz-1]>>(23-q0);
}
else if(q0==0) ih = iq[jz-1]>>23;
else if(z>=0.5) ih=2;
if(ih>0) { /* q > 0.5 */
n += 1; carry = 0;
for(i=0;i<jz ;i++) { /* compute 1-q */
j = iq[i];
if(carry==0) {
if(j!=0) {
carry = 1; iq[i] = 0x1000000- j;
}
} else iq[i] = 0xffffff - j;
}
if(q0>0) { /* rare case: chance is 1 in 12 */
switch(q0) {
case 1:
iq[jz-1] &= 0x7fffff; break;
case 2:
iq[jz-1] &= 0x3fffff; break;
}
}
if(ih==2) {
z = one - z;
if(carry!=0) z -= scalbn(one,q0);
}
}
/* check if recomputation is needed */
if(z==zero) {
j = 0;
for (i=jz-1;i>=jk;i--) j |= iq[i];
if(j==0) { /* need recomputation */
for(k=1;iq[jk-k]==0;k++); /* k = no. of terms needed */
for(i=jz+1;i<=jz+k;i++) { /* add q[jz+1] to q[jz+k] */
f[jx+i] = (double) ipio2[jv+i];
for(j=0,fw=0.0;j<=jx;j++) fw += x[j]*f[jx+i-j];
q[i] = fw;
}
jz += k;
goto recompute;
}
}
/* chop off zero terms */
if(z==0.0) {
jz -= 1; q0 -= 24;
while(iq[jz]==0) { jz--; q0-=24;}
} else { /* break z into 24-bit if necessary */
z = scalbn(z,-q0);
if(z>=two24) {
fw = (double)((int32_t)(twon24*z));
iq[jz] = (int32_t)(z-two24*fw);
jz += 1; q0 += 24;
iq[jz] = (int32_t) fw;
} else iq[jz] = (int32_t) z ;
}
/* convert integer "bit" chunk to floating-point value */
fw = scalbn(one,q0);
for(i=jz;i>=0;i--) {
q[i] = fw*(double)iq[i]; fw*=twon24;
}
/* compute PIo2[0,...,jp]*q[jz,...,0] */
for(i=jz;i>=0;i--) {
for(fw=0.0,k=0;k<=jp&&k<=jz-i;k++) fw += PIo2[k]*q[i+k];
fq[jz-i] = fw;
}
/* compress fq[] into y[] */
switch(prec) {
case 0:
fw = 0.0;
for (i=jz;i>=0;i--) fw += fq[i];
y[0] = (ih==0)? fw: -fw;
break;
case 1:
case 2:
fw = 0.0;
for (i=jz;i>=0;i--) fw += fq[i];
y[0] = (ih==0)? fw: -fw;
fw = fq[0]-fw;
for (i=1;i<=jz;i++) fw += fq[i];
y[1] = (ih==0)? fw: -fw;
break;
case 3: /* painful */
for (i=jz;i>0;i--) {
fw = fq[i-1]+fq[i];
fq[i] += fq[i-1]-fw;
fq[i-1] = fw;
}
for (i=jz;i>1;i--) {
fw = fq[i-1]+fq[i];
fq[i] += fq[i-1]-fw;
fq[i-1] = fw;
}
for (fw=0.0,i=jz;i>=2;i--) fw += fq[i];
if(ih==0) {
y[0] = fq[0]; y[1] = fq[1]; y[2] = fw;
} else {
y[0] = -fq[0]; y[1] = -fq[1]; y[2] = -fw;
}
}
return n&7;
}

197
libm/src/k_rem_pio2f.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
/* k_rem_pio2f.c -- float version of k_rem_pio2.c
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/k_rem_pio2f.c,v 1.8 2005/10/11 07:56:05 bde Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
/* In the float version, the input parameter x contains 8 bit
integers, not 24 bit integers. 113 bit precision is not supported. */
static const int init_jk[] = {4,7,9}; /* initial value for jk */
static const float PIo2[] = {
1.5703125000e+00, /* 0x3fc90000 */
4.5776367188e-04, /* 0x39f00000 */
2.5987625122e-05, /* 0x37da0000 */
7.5437128544e-08, /* 0x33a20000 */
6.0026650317e-11, /* 0x2e840000 */
7.3896444519e-13, /* 0x2b500000 */
5.3845816694e-15, /* 0x27c20000 */
5.6378512969e-18, /* 0x22d00000 */
8.3009228831e-20, /* 0x1fc40000 */
3.2756352257e-22, /* 0x1bc60000 */
6.3331015649e-25, /* 0x17440000 */
};
static const float
zero = 0.0,
one = 1.0,
two8 = 2.5600000000e+02, /* 0x43800000 */
twon8 = 3.9062500000e-03; /* 0x3b800000 */
int __kernel_rem_pio2f(float *x, float *y, int e0, int nx, int prec, const int32_t *ipio2)
{
int32_t jz,jx,jv,jp,jk,carry,n,iq[20],i,j,k,m,q0,ih;
float z,fw,f[20],fq[20],q[20];
/* initialize jk*/
jk = init_jk[prec];
jp = jk;
/* determine jx,jv,q0, note that 3>q0 */
jx = nx-1;
jv = (e0-3)/8; if(jv<0) jv=0;
q0 = e0-8*(jv+1);
/* set up f[0] to f[jx+jk] where f[jx+jk] = ipio2[jv+jk] */
j = jv-jx; m = jx+jk;
for(i=0;i<=m;i++,j++) f[i] = (j<0)? zero : (float) ipio2[j];
/* compute q[0],q[1],...q[jk] */
for (i=0;i<=jk;i++) {
for(j=0,fw=0.0;j<=jx;j++) fw += x[j]*f[jx+i-j]; q[i] = fw;
}
jz = jk;
recompute:
/* distill q[] into iq[] reversingly */
for(i=0,j=jz,z=q[jz];j>0;i++,j--) {
fw = (float)((int32_t)(twon8* z));
iq[i] = (int32_t)(z-two8*fw);
z = q[j-1]+fw;
}
/* compute n */
z = scalbnf(z,q0); /* actual value of z */
z -= (float)8.0*floorf(z*(float)0.125); /* trim off integer >= 8 */
n = (int32_t) z;
z -= (float)n;
ih = 0;
if(q0>0) { /* need iq[jz-1] to determine n */
i = (iq[jz-1]>>(8-q0)); n += i;
iq[jz-1] -= i<<(8-q0);
ih = iq[jz-1]>>(7-q0);
}
else if(q0==0) ih = iq[jz-1]>>7;
else if(z>=(float)0.5) ih=2;
if(ih>0) { /* q > 0.5 */
n += 1; carry = 0;
for(i=0;i<jz ;i++) { /* compute 1-q */
j = iq[i];
if(carry==0) {
if(j!=0) {
carry = 1; iq[i] = 0x100- j;
}
} else iq[i] = 0xff - j;
}
if(q0>0) { /* rare case: chance is 1 in 12 */
switch(q0) {
case 1:
iq[jz-1] &= 0x7f; break;
case 2:
iq[jz-1] &= 0x3f; break;
}
}
if(ih==2) {
z = one - z;
if(carry!=0) z -= scalbnf(one,q0);
}
}
/* check if recomputation is needed */
if(z==zero) {
j = 0;
for (i=jz-1;i>=jk;i--) j |= iq[i];
if(j==0) { /* need recomputation */
for(k=1;iq[jk-k]==0;k++); /* k = no. of terms needed */
for(i=jz+1;i<=jz+k;i++) { /* add q[jz+1] to q[jz+k] */
f[jx+i] = (float) ipio2[jv+i];
for(j=0,fw=0.0;j<=jx;j++) fw += x[j]*f[jx+i-j];
q[i] = fw;
}
jz += k;
goto recompute;
}
}
/* chop off zero terms */
if(z==(float)0.0) {
jz -= 1; q0 -= 8;
while(iq[jz]==0) { jz--; q0-=8;}
} else { /* break z into 8-bit if necessary */
z = scalbnf(z,-q0);
if(z>=two8) {
fw = (float)((int32_t)(twon8*z));
iq[jz] = (int32_t)(z-two8*fw);
jz += 1; q0 += 8;
iq[jz] = (int32_t) fw;
} else iq[jz] = (int32_t) z ;
}
/* convert integer "bit" chunk to floating-point value */
fw = scalbnf(one,q0);
for(i=jz;i>=0;i--) {
q[i] = fw*(float)iq[i]; fw*=twon8;
}
/* compute PIo2[0,...,jp]*q[jz,...,0] */
for(i=jz;i>=0;i--) {
for(fw=0.0,k=0;k<=jp&&k<=jz-i;k++) fw += PIo2[k]*q[i+k];
fq[jz-i] = fw;
}
/* compress fq[] into y[] */
switch(prec) {
case 0:
fw = 0.0;
for (i=jz;i>=0;i--) fw += fq[i];
y[0] = (ih==0)? fw: -fw;
break;
case 1:
case 2:
fw = 0.0;
for (i=jz;i>=0;i--) fw += fq[i];
fw = *(volatile float *)&fw; /* clip any extra precision */
y[0] = (ih==0)? fw: -fw;
fw = fq[0]-fw;
for (i=1;i<=jz;i++) fw += fq[i];
y[1] = (ih==0)? fw: -fw;
break;
case 3: /* painful */
for (i=jz;i>0;i--) {
fw = fq[i-1]+fq[i];
fq[i] += fq[i-1]-fw;
fq[i-1] = fw;
}
for (i=jz;i>1;i--) {
fw = fq[i-1]+fq[i];
fq[i] += fq[i-1]-fw;
fq[i-1] = fw;
}
for (fw=0.0,i=jz;i>=2;i--) fw += fq[i];
if(ih==0) {
y[0] = fq[0]; y[1] = fq[1]; y[2] = fw;
} else {
y[0] = -fq[0]; y[1] = -fq[1]; y[2] = -fw;
}
}
return n&7;
}

70
libm/src/k_sin.c Normal file
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/* @(#)k_sin.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/k_sin.c,v 1.10 2005/11/02 13:06:49 bde Exp $";
#endif
/* __kernel_sin( x, y, iy)
* kernel sin function on ~[-pi/4, pi/4] (except on -0), pi/4 ~ 0.7854
* Input x is assumed to be bounded by ~pi/4 in magnitude.
* Input y is the tail of x.
* Input iy indicates whether y is 0. (if iy=0, y assume to be 0).
*
* Algorithm
* 1. Since sin(-x) = -sin(x), we need only to consider positive x.
* 2. Callers must return sin(-0) = -0 without calling here since our
* odd polynomial is not evaluated in a way that preserves -0.
* Callers may do the optimization sin(x) ~ x for tiny x.
* 3. sin(x) is approximated by a polynomial of degree 13 on
* [0,pi/4]
* 3 13
* sin(x) ~ x + S1*x + ... + S6*x
* where
*
* |sin(x) 2 4 6 8 10 12 | -58
* |----- - (1+S1*x +S2*x +S3*x +S4*x +S5*x +S6*x )| <= 2
* | x |
*
* 4. sin(x+y) = sin(x) + sin'(x')*y
* ~ sin(x) + (1-x*x/2)*y
* For better accuracy, let
* 3 2 2 2 2
* r = x *(S2+x *(S3+x *(S4+x *(S5+x *S6))))
* then 3 2
* sin(x) = x + (S1*x + (x *(r-y/2)+y))
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
half = 5.00000000000000000000e-01, /* 0x3FE00000, 0x00000000 */
S1 = -1.66666666666666324348e-01, /* 0xBFC55555, 0x55555549 */
S2 = 8.33333333332248946124e-03, /* 0x3F811111, 0x1110F8A6 */
S3 = -1.98412698298579493134e-04, /* 0xBF2A01A0, 0x19C161D5 */
S4 = 2.75573137070700676789e-06, /* 0x3EC71DE3, 0x57B1FE7D */
S5 = -2.50507602534068634195e-08, /* 0xBE5AE5E6, 0x8A2B9CEB */
S6 = 1.58969099521155010221e-10; /* 0x3DE5D93A, 0x5ACFD57C */
double
__kernel_sin(double x, double y, int iy)
{
double z,r,v;
z = x*x;
v = z*x;
r = S2+z*(S3+z*(S4+z*(S5+z*S6)));
if(iy==0) return x+v*(S1+z*r);
else return x-((z*(half*y-v*r)-y)-v*S1);
}

47
libm/src/k_sinf.c Normal file
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/* k_sinf.c -- float version of k_sin.c
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
* Optimized by Bruce D. Evans.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef INLINE_KERNEL_SINDF
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/k_sinf.c,v 1.13 2005/11/30 11:51:17 bde Exp $";
#endif
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
/* |sin(x)/x - s(x)| < 2**-37.5 (~[-4.89e-12, 4.824e-12]). */
static const double
S1 = -0x15555554cbac77.0p-55, /* -0.166666666416265235595 */
S2 = 0x111110896efbb2.0p-59, /* 0.0083333293858894631756 */
S3 = -0x1a00f9e2cae774.0p-65, /* -0.000198393348360966317347 */
S4 = 0x16cd878c3b46a7.0p-71; /* 0.0000027183114939898219064 */
#ifdef INLINE_KERNEL_SINDF
extern inline
#endif
float
__kernel_sindf(double x)
{
double r, s, w, z;
/* Try to optimize for parallel evaluation as in k_tanf.c. */
z = x*x;
w = z*z;
r = S3+z*S4;
s = z*x;
return (x + s*(S1+z*S2)) + s*w*r;
}

133
libm/src/k_tan.c Normal file
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/* @(#)k_tan.c 1.5 04/04/22 SMI */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright 2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* INDENT OFF */
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/k_tan.c,v 1.12 2005/11/02 14:01:45 bde Exp $";
#endif
/* __kernel_tan( x, y, k )
* kernel tan function on ~[-pi/4, pi/4] (except on -0), pi/4 ~ 0.7854
* Input x is assumed to be bounded by ~pi/4 in magnitude.
* Input y is the tail of x.
* Input k indicates whether tan (if k = 1) or -1/tan (if k = -1) is returned.
*
* Algorithm
* 1. Since tan(-x) = -tan(x), we need only to consider positive x.
* 2. Callers must return tan(-0) = -0 without calling here since our
* odd polynomial is not evaluated in a way that preserves -0.
* Callers may do the optimization tan(x) ~ x for tiny x.
* 3. tan(x) is approximated by a odd polynomial of degree 27 on
* [0,0.67434]
* 3 27
* tan(x) ~ x + T1*x + ... + T13*x
* where
*
* |tan(x) 2 4 26 | -59.2
* |----- - (1+T1*x +T2*x +.... +T13*x )| <= 2
* | x |
*
* Note: tan(x+y) = tan(x) + tan'(x)*y
* ~ tan(x) + (1+x*x)*y
* Therefore, for better accuracy in computing tan(x+y), let
* 3 2 2 2 2
* r = x *(T2+x *(T3+x *(...+x *(T12+x *T13))))
* then
* 3 2
* tan(x+y) = x + (T1*x + (x *(r+y)+y))
*
* 4. For x in [0.67434,pi/4], let y = pi/4 - x, then
* tan(x) = tan(pi/4-y) = (1-tan(y))/(1+tan(y))
* = 1 - 2*(tan(y) - (tan(y)^2)/(1+tan(y)))
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double xxx[] = {
3.33333333333334091986e-01, /* 3FD55555, 55555563 */
1.33333333333201242699e-01, /* 3FC11111, 1110FE7A */
5.39682539762260521377e-02, /* 3FABA1BA, 1BB341FE */
2.18694882948595424599e-02, /* 3F9664F4, 8406D637 */
8.86323982359930005737e-03, /* 3F8226E3, E96E8493 */
3.59207910759131235356e-03, /* 3F6D6D22, C9560328 */
1.45620945432529025516e-03, /* 3F57DBC8, FEE08315 */
5.88041240820264096874e-04, /* 3F4344D8, F2F26501 */
2.46463134818469906812e-04, /* 3F3026F7, 1A8D1068 */
7.81794442939557092300e-05, /* 3F147E88, A03792A6 */
7.14072491382608190305e-05, /* 3F12B80F, 32F0A7E9 */
-1.85586374855275456654e-05, /* BEF375CB, DB605373 */
2.59073051863633712884e-05, /* 3EFB2A70, 74BF7AD4 */
/* one */ 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 3FF00000, 00000000 */
/* pio4 */ 7.85398163397448278999e-01, /* 3FE921FB, 54442D18 */
/* pio4lo */ 3.06161699786838301793e-17 /* 3C81A626, 33145C07 */
};
#define one xxx[13]
#define pio4 xxx[14]
#define pio4lo xxx[15]
#define T xxx
/* INDENT ON */
double
__kernel_tan(double x, double y, int iy) {
double z, r, v, w, s;
int32_t ix, hx;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx & 0x7fffffff; /* high word of |x| */
if (ix >= 0x3FE59428) { /* |x| >= 0.6744 */
if (hx < 0) {
x = -x;
y = -y;
}
z = pio4 - x;
w = pio4lo - y;
x = z + w;
y = 0.0;
}
z = x * x;
w = z * z;
/*
* Break x^5*(T[1]+x^2*T[2]+...) into
* x^5(T[1]+x^4*T[3]+...+x^20*T[11]) +
* x^5(x^2*(T[2]+x^4*T[4]+...+x^22*[T12]))
*/
r = T[1] + w * (T[3] + w * (T[5] + w * (T[7] + w * (T[9] +
w * T[11]))));
v = z * (T[2] + w * (T[4] + w * (T[6] + w * (T[8] + w * (T[10] +
w * T[12])))));
s = z * x;
r = y + z * (s * (r + v) + y);
r += T[0] * s;
w = x + r;
if (ix >= 0x3FE59428) {
v = (double) iy;
return (double) (1 - ((hx >> 30) & 2)) *
(v - 2.0 * (x - (w * w / (w + v) - r)));
}
if (iy == 1)
return w;
else {
/*
* if allow error up to 2 ulp, simply return
* -1.0 / (x+r) here
*/
/* compute -1.0 / (x+r) accurately */
double a, t;
z = w;
SET_LOW_WORD(z,0);
v = r - (z - x); /* z+v = r+x */
t = a = -1.0 / w; /* a = -1.0/w */
SET_LOW_WORD(t,0);
s = 1.0 + t * z;
return t + a * (s + t * v);
}
}

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/* k_tanf.c -- float version of k_tan.c
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
* Optimized by Bruce D. Evans.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright 2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef INLINE_KERNEL_TANDF
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/k_tanf.c,v 1.20 2005/11/28 11:46:20 bde Exp $";
#endif
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
/* |tan(x)/x - t(x)| < 2**-25.5 (~[-2e-08, 2e-08]). */
static const double
T[] = {
0x15554d3418c99f.0p-54, /* 0.333331395030791399758 */
0x1112fd38999f72.0p-55, /* 0.133392002712976742718 */
0x1b54c91d865afe.0p-57, /* 0.0533812378445670393523 */
0x191df3908c33ce.0p-58, /* 0.0245283181166547278873 */
0x185dadfcecf44e.0p-61, /* 0.00297435743359967304927 */
0x1362b9bf971bcd.0p-59, /* 0.00946564784943673166728 */
};
#ifdef INLINE_KERNEL_TANDF
extern inline
#endif
float
__kernel_tandf(double x, int iy)
{
double z,r,w,s,t,u;
z = x*x;
/*
* Split up the polynomial into small independent terms to give
* opportunities for parallel evaluation. The chosen splitting is
* micro-optimized for Athlons (XP, X64). It costs 2 multiplications
* relative to Horner's method on sequential machines.
*
* We add the small terms from lowest degree up for efficiency on
* non-sequential machines (the lowest degree terms tend to be ready
* earlier). Apart from this, we don't care about order of
* operations, and don't need to to care since we have precision to
* spare. However, the chosen splitting is good for accuracy too,
* and would give results as accurate as Horner's method if the
* small terms were added from highest degree down.
*/
r = T[4]+z*T[5];
t = T[2]+z*T[3];
w = z*z;
s = z*x;
u = T[0]+z*T[1];
r = (x+s*u)+(s*w)*(t+w*r);
if(iy==1) return r;
else return -1.0/r;
}

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/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/*
* from: @(#)fdlibm.h 5.1 93/09/24
* $FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/math_private.h,v 1.20 2005/11/28 04:58:57 bde Exp $
*/
#ifndef _MATH_PRIVATE_H_
#define _MATH_PRIVATE_H_
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <endian.h>
/*
* The original fdlibm code used statements like:
* n0 = ((*(int*)&one)>>29)^1; * index of high word *
* ix0 = *(n0+(int*)&x); * high word of x *
* ix1 = *((1-n0)+(int*)&x); * low word of x *
* to dig two 32 bit words out of the 64 bit IEEE floating point
* value. That is non-ANSI, and, moreover, the gcc instruction
* scheduler gets it wrong. We instead use the following macros.
* Unlike the original code, we determine the endianness at compile
* time, not at run time; I don't see much benefit to selecting
* endianness at run time.
*/
/*
* A union which permits us to convert between a double and two 32 bit
* ints.
*/
#if (__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN) || (defined(__arm__) && !defined(__VFP_FP__))
typedef union
{
double value;
struct
{
u_int32_t msw;
u_int32_t lsw;
} parts;
} ieee_double_shape_type;
#endif
#if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN && !(defined(__arm__) && !defined(__VFP_FP__))
typedef union
{
double value;
struct
{
u_int32_t lsw;
u_int32_t msw;
} parts;
} ieee_double_shape_type;
#endif
/* Get two 32 bit ints from a double. */
#define EXTRACT_WORDS(ix0,ix1,d) \
do { \
ieee_double_shape_type ew_u; \
ew_u.value = (d); \
(ix0) = ew_u.parts.msw; \
(ix1) = ew_u.parts.lsw; \
} while (0)
/* Get the more significant 32 bit int from a double. */
#define GET_HIGH_WORD(i,d) \
do { \
ieee_double_shape_type gh_u; \
gh_u.value = (d); \
(i) = gh_u.parts.msw; \
} while (0)
/* Get the less significant 32 bit int from a double. */
#define GET_LOW_WORD(i,d) \
do { \
ieee_double_shape_type gl_u; \
gl_u.value = (d); \
(i) = gl_u.parts.lsw; \
} while (0)
/* Set a double from two 32 bit ints. */
#define INSERT_WORDS(d,ix0,ix1) \
do { \
ieee_double_shape_type iw_u; \
iw_u.parts.msw = (ix0); \
iw_u.parts.lsw = (ix1); \
(d) = iw_u.value; \
} while (0)
/* Set the more significant 32 bits of a double from an int. */
#define SET_HIGH_WORD(d,v) \
do { \
ieee_double_shape_type sh_u; \
sh_u.value = (d); \
sh_u.parts.msw = (v); \
(d) = sh_u.value; \
} while (0)
/* Set the less significant 32 bits of a double from an int. */
#define SET_LOW_WORD(d,v) \
do { \
ieee_double_shape_type sl_u; \
sl_u.value = (d); \
sl_u.parts.lsw = (v); \
(d) = sl_u.value; \
} while (0)
/*
* A union which permits us to convert between a float and a 32 bit
* int.
*/
typedef union
{
float value;
/* FIXME: Assumes 32 bit int. */
unsigned int word;
} ieee_float_shape_type;
/* Get a 32 bit int from a float. */
#define GET_FLOAT_WORD(i,d) \
do { \
ieee_float_shape_type gf_u; \
gf_u.value = (d); \
(i) = gf_u.word; \
} while (0)
/* Set a float from a 32 bit int. */
#define SET_FLOAT_WORD(d,i) \
do { \
ieee_float_shape_type sf_u; \
sf_u.word = (i); \
(d) = sf_u.value; \
} while (0)
#ifdef _COMPLEX_H
/*
* Inline functions that can be used to construct complex values.
*
* The C99 standard intends x+I*y to be used for this, but x+I*y is
* currently unusable in general since gcc introduces many overflow,
* underflow, sign and efficiency bugs by rewriting I*y as
* (0.0+I)*(y+0.0*I) and laboriously computing the full complex product.
* In particular, I*Inf is corrupted to NaN+I*Inf, and I*-0 is corrupted
* to -0.0+I*0.0.
*/
static __inline float complex
cpackf(float x, float y)
{
float complex z;
__real__ z = x;
__imag__ z = y;
return (z);
}
static __inline double complex
cpack(double x, double y)
{
double complex z;
__real__ z = x;
__imag__ z = y;
return (z);
}
static __inline long double complex
cpackl(long double x, long double y)
{
long double complex z;
__real__ z = x;
__imag__ z = y;
return (z);
}
#endif /* _COMPLEX_H */
/*
* ieee style elementary functions
*
* We rename functions here to improve other sources' diffability
* against fdlibm.
*/
#define __ieee754_sqrt sqrt
#define __ieee754_acos acos
#define __ieee754_acosh acosh
#define __ieee754_log log
#define __ieee754_atanh atanh
#define __ieee754_asin asin
#define __ieee754_atan2 atan2
#define __ieee754_exp exp
#define __ieee754_cosh cosh
#define __ieee754_fmod fmod
#define __ieee754_pow pow
#define __ieee754_lgamma lgamma
#define __ieee754_gamma gamma
#define __ieee754_lgamma_r lgamma_r
#define __ieee754_gamma_r gamma_r
#define __ieee754_log10 log10
#define __ieee754_sinh sinh
#define __ieee754_hypot hypot
#define __ieee754_j0 j0
#define __ieee754_j1 j1
#define __ieee754_y0 y0
#define __ieee754_y1 y1
#define __ieee754_jn jn
#define __ieee754_yn yn
#define __ieee754_remainder remainder
#define __ieee754_scalb scalb
#define __ieee754_sqrtf sqrtf
#define __ieee754_acosf acosf
#define __ieee754_acoshf acoshf
#define __ieee754_logf logf
#define __ieee754_atanhf atanhf
#define __ieee754_asinf asinf
#define __ieee754_atan2f atan2f
#define __ieee754_expf expf
#define __ieee754_coshf coshf
#define __ieee754_fmodf fmodf
#define __ieee754_powf powf
#define __ieee754_lgammaf lgammaf
#define __ieee754_gammaf gammaf
#define __ieee754_lgammaf_r lgammaf_r
#define __ieee754_gammaf_r gammaf_r
#define __ieee754_log10f log10f
#define __ieee754_sinhf sinhf
#define __ieee754_hypotf hypotf
#define __ieee754_j0f j0f
#define __ieee754_j1f j1f
#define __ieee754_y0f y0f
#define __ieee754_y1f y1f
#define __ieee754_jnf jnf
#define __ieee754_ynf ynf
#define __ieee754_remainderf remainderf
#define __ieee754_scalbf scalbf
#define __ieee754_ldexpf ldexpf
/* fdlibm kernel function */
int __ieee754_rem_pio2(double,double*);
double __kernel_sin(double,double,int);
double __kernel_cos(double,double);
double __kernel_tan(double,double,int);
int __kernel_rem_pio2(double*,double*,int,int,int,const int*);
/* float versions of fdlibm kernel functions */
int __ieee754_rem_pio2f(float,float*);
float __kernel_sindf(double);
float __kernel_cosdf(double);
float __kernel_tandf(double,int);
int __kernel_rem_pio2f(float*,float*,int,int,int,const int*);
#endif /* !_MATH_PRIVATE_H_ */

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/* @(#)s_asinh.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_asinh.c,v 1.8 2002/05/28 18:15:04 alfred Exp $";
#endif
/* asinh(x)
* Method :
* Based on
* asinh(x) = sign(x) * log [ |x| + sqrt(x*x+1) ]
* we have
* asinh(x) := x if 1+x*x=1,
* := sign(x)*(log(x)+ln2)) for large |x|, else
* := sign(x)*log(2|x|+1/(|x|+sqrt(x*x+1))) if|x|>2, else
* := sign(x)*log1p(|x| + x^2/(1 + sqrt(1+x^2)))
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
one = 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
ln2 = 6.93147180559945286227e-01, /* 0x3FE62E42, 0xFEFA39EF */
huge= 1.00000000000000000000e+300;
double
asinh(double x)
{
double t,w;
int32_t hx,ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return x+x; /* x is inf or NaN */
if(ix< 0x3e300000) { /* |x|<2**-28 */
if(huge+x>one) return x; /* return x inexact except 0 */
}
if(ix>0x41b00000) { /* |x| > 2**28 */
w = __ieee754_log(fabs(x))+ln2;
} else if (ix>0x40000000) { /* 2**28 > |x| > 2.0 */
t = fabs(x);
w = __ieee754_log(2.0*t+one/(__ieee754_sqrt(x*x+one)+t));
} else { /* 2.0 > |x| > 2**-28 */
t = x*x;
w =log1p(fabs(x)+t/(one+__ieee754_sqrt(one+t)));
}
if(hx>0) return w; else return -w;
}

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/* s_asinhf.c -- float version of s_asinh.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_asinhf.c,v 1.8 2002/05/28 18:15:04 alfred Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float
one = 1.0000000000e+00, /* 0x3F800000 */
ln2 = 6.9314718246e-01, /* 0x3f317218 */
huge= 1.0000000000e+30;
float
asinhf(float x)
{
float t,w;
int32_t hx,ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7f800000) return x+x; /* x is inf or NaN */
if(ix< 0x31800000) { /* |x|<2**-28 */
if(huge+x>one) return x; /* return x inexact except 0 */
}
if(ix>0x4d800000) { /* |x| > 2**28 */
w = __ieee754_logf(fabsf(x))+ln2;
} else if (ix>0x40000000) { /* 2**28 > |x| > 2.0 */
t = fabsf(x);
w = __ieee754_logf((float)2.0*t+one/(__ieee754_sqrtf(x*x+one)+t));
} else { /* 2.0 > |x| > 2**-28 */
t = x*x;
w =log1pf(fabsf(x)+t/(one+__ieee754_sqrtf(one+t)));
}
if(hx>0) return w; else return -w;
}

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/* @(#)s_atan.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_atan.c,v 1.9 2003/07/23 04:53:46 peter Exp $";
#endif
/* atan(x)
* Method
* 1. Reduce x to positive by atan(x) = -atan(-x).
* 2. According to the integer k=4t+0.25 chopped, t=x, the argument
* is further reduced to one of the following intervals and the
* arctangent of t is evaluated by the corresponding formula:
*
* [0,7/16] atan(x) = t-t^3*(a1+t^2*(a2+...(a10+t^2*a11)...)
* [7/16,11/16] atan(x) = atan(1/2) + atan( (t-0.5)/(1+t/2) )
* [11/16.19/16] atan(x) = atan( 1 ) + atan( (t-1)/(1+t) )
* [19/16,39/16] atan(x) = atan(3/2) + atan( (t-1.5)/(1+1.5t) )
* [39/16,INF] atan(x) = atan(INF) + atan( -1/t )
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double atanhi[] = {
4.63647609000806093515e-01, /* atan(0.5)hi 0x3FDDAC67, 0x0561BB4F */
7.85398163397448278999e-01, /* atan(1.0)hi 0x3FE921FB, 0x54442D18 */
9.82793723247329054082e-01, /* atan(1.5)hi 0x3FEF730B, 0xD281F69B */
1.57079632679489655800e+00, /* atan(inf)hi 0x3FF921FB, 0x54442D18 */
};
static const double atanlo[] = {
2.26987774529616870924e-17, /* atan(0.5)lo 0x3C7A2B7F, 0x222F65E2 */
3.06161699786838301793e-17, /* atan(1.0)lo 0x3C81A626, 0x33145C07 */
1.39033110312309984516e-17, /* atan(1.5)lo 0x3C700788, 0x7AF0CBBD */
6.12323399573676603587e-17, /* atan(inf)lo 0x3C91A626, 0x33145C07 */
};
static const double aT[] = {
3.33333333333329318027e-01, /* 0x3FD55555, 0x5555550D */
-1.99999999998764832476e-01, /* 0xBFC99999, 0x9998EBC4 */
1.42857142725034663711e-01, /* 0x3FC24924, 0x920083FF */
-1.11111104054623557880e-01, /* 0xBFBC71C6, 0xFE231671 */
9.09088713343650656196e-02, /* 0x3FB745CD, 0xC54C206E */
-7.69187620504482999495e-02, /* 0xBFB3B0F2, 0xAF749A6D */
6.66107313738753120669e-02, /* 0x3FB10D66, 0xA0D03D51 */
-5.83357013379057348645e-02, /* 0xBFADDE2D, 0x52DEFD9A */
4.97687799461593236017e-02, /* 0x3FA97B4B, 0x24760DEB */
-3.65315727442169155270e-02, /* 0xBFA2B444, 0x2C6A6C2F */
1.62858201153657823623e-02, /* 0x3F90AD3A, 0xE322DA11 */
};
static const double
one = 1.0,
huge = 1.0e300;
double
atan(double x)
{
double w,s1,s2,z;
int32_t ix,hx,id;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x44100000) { /* if |x| >= 2^66 */
u_int32_t low;
GET_LOW_WORD(low,x);
if(ix>0x7ff00000||
(ix==0x7ff00000&&(low!=0)))
return x+x; /* NaN */
if(hx>0) return atanhi[3]+atanlo[3];
else return -atanhi[3]-atanlo[3];
} if (ix < 0x3fdc0000) { /* |x| < 0.4375 */
if (ix < 0x3e200000) { /* |x| < 2^-29 */
if(huge+x>one) return x; /* raise inexact */
}
id = -1;
} else {
x = fabs(x);
if (ix < 0x3ff30000) { /* |x| < 1.1875 */
if (ix < 0x3fe60000) { /* 7/16 <=|x|<11/16 */
id = 0; x = (2.0*x-one)/(2.0+x);
} else { /* 11/16<=|x|< 19/16 */
id = 1; x = (x-one)/(x+one);
}
} else {
if (ix < 0x40038000) { /* |x| < 2.4375 */
id = 2; x = (x-1.5)/(one+1.5*x);
} else { /* 2.4375 <= |x| < 2^66 */
id = 3; x = -1.0/x;
}
}}
/* end of argument reduction */
z = x*x;
w = z*z;
/* break sum from i=0 to 10 aT[i]z**(i+1) into odd and even poly */
s1 = z*(aT[0]+w*(aT[2]+w*(aT[4]+w*(aT[6]+w*(aT[8]+w*aT[10])))));
s2 = w*(aT[1]+w*(aT[3]+w*(aT[5]+w*(aT[7]+w*aT[9]))));
if (id<0) return x - x*(s1+s2);
else {
z = atanhi[id] - ((x*(s1+s2) - atanlo[id]) - x);
return (hx<0)? -z:z;
}
}

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/* s_atanf.c -- float version of s_atan.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_atanf.c,v 1.7 2002/05/28 18:15:04 alfred Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float atanhi[] = {
4.6364760399e-01, /* atan(0.5)hi 0x3eed6338 */
7.8539812565e-01, /* atan(1.0)hi 0x3f490fda */
9.8279368877e-01, /* atan(1.5)hi 0x3f7b985e */
1.5707962513e+00, /* atan(inf)hi 0x3fc90fda */
};
static const float atanlo[] = {
5.0121582440e-09, /* atan(0.5)lo 0x31ac3769 */
3.7748947079e-08, /* atan(1.0)lo 0x33222168 */
3.4473217170e-08, /* atan(1.5)lo 0x33140fb4 */
7.5497894159e-08, /* atan(inf)lo 0x33a22168 */
};
static const float aT[] = {
3.3333334327e-01, /* 0x3eaaaaaa */
-2.0000000298e-01, /* 0xbe4ccccd */
1.4285714924e-01, /* 0x3e124925 */
-1.1111110449e-01, /* 0xbde38e38 */
9.0908870101e-02, /* 0x3dba2e6e */
-7.6918758452e-02, /* 0xbd9d8795 */
6.6610731184e-02, /* 0x3d886b35 */
-5.8335702866e-02, /* 0xbd6ef16b */
4.9768779427e-02, /* 0x3d4bda59 */
-3.6531571299e-02, /* 0xbd15a221 */
1.6285819933e-02, /* 0x3c8569d7 */
};
static const float
one = 1.0,
huge = 1.0e30;
float
atanf(float x)
{
float w,s1,s2,z;
int32_t ix,hx,id;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x50800000) { /* if |x| >= 2^34 */
if(ix>0x7f800000)
return x+x; /* NaN */
if(hx>0) return atanhi[3]+atanlo[3];
else return -atanhi[3]-atanlo[3];
} if (ix < 0x3ee00000) { /* |x| < 0.4375 */
if (ix < 0x31000000) { /* |x| < 2^-29 */
if(huge+x>one) return x; /* raise inexact */
}
id = -1;
} else {
x = fabsf(x);
if (ix < 0x3f980000) { /* |x| < 1.1875 */
if (ix < 0x3f300000) { /* 7/16 <=|x|<11/16 */
id = 0; x = ((float)2.0*x-one)/((float)2.0+x);
} else { /* 11/16<=|x|< 19/16 */
id = 1; x = (x-one)/(x+one);
}
} else {
if (ix < 0x401c0000) { /* |x| < 2.4375 */
id = 2; x = (x-(float)1.5)/(one+(float)1.5*x);
} else { /* 2.4375 <= |x| < 2^66 */
id = 3; x = -(float)1.0/x;
}
}}
/* end of argument reduction */
z = x*x;
w = z*z;
/* break sum from i=0 to 10 aT[i]z**(i+1) into odd and even poly */
s1 = z*(aT[0]+w*(aT[2]+w*(aT[4]+w*(aT[6]+w*(aT[8]+w*aT[10])))));
s2 = w*(aT[1]+w*(aT[3]+w*(aT[5]+w*(aT[7]+w*aT[9]))));
if (id<0) return x - x*(s1+s2);
else {
z = atanhi[id] - ((x*(s1+s2) - atanlo[id]) - x);
return (hx<0)? -z:z;
}
}

92
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/* @(#)s_cbrt.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
* Optimized by Bruce D. Evans.
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_cbrt.c,v 1.10 2005/12/13 20:17:23 bde Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
/* cbrt(x)
* Return cube root of x
*/
static const u_int32_t
B1 = 715094163, /* B1 = (1023-1023/3-0.03306235651)*2**20 */
B2 = 696219795; /* B2 = (1023-1023/3-54/3-0.03306235651)*2**20 */
static const double
C = 5.42857142857142815906e-01, /* 19/35 = 0x3FE15F15, 0xF15F15F1 */
D = -7.05306122448979611050e-01, /* -864/1225 = 0xBFE691DE, 0x2532C834 */
E = 1.41428571428571436819e+00, /* 99/70 = 0x3FF6A0EA, 0x0EA0EA0F */
F = 1.60714285714285720630e+00, /* 45/28 = 0x3FF9B6DB, 0x6DB6DB6E */
G = 3.57142857142857150787e-01; /* 5/14 = 0x3FD6DB6D, 0xB6DB6DB7 */
double
cbrt(double x)
{
int32_t hx;
double r,s,t=0.0,w;
u_int32_t sign;
u_int32_t high,low;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
sign=hx&0x80000000; /* sign= sign(x) */
hx ^=sign;
if(hx>=0x7ff00000) return(x+x); /* cbrt(NaN,INF) is itself */
GET_LOW_WORD(low,x);
if((hx|low)==0)
return(x); /* cbrt(0) is itself */
/*
* Rough cbrt to 5 bits:
* cbrt(2**e*(1+m) ~= 2**(e/3)*(1+(e%3+m)/3)
* where e is integral and >= 0, m is real and in [0, 1), and "/" and
* "%" are integer division and modulus with rounding towards minus
* infinity. The RHS is always >= the LHS and has a maximum relative
* error of about 1 in 16. Adding a bias of -0.03306235651 to the
* (e%3+m)/3 term reduces the error to about 1 in 32. With the IEEE
* floating point representation, for finite positive normal values,
* ordinary integer divison of the value in bits magically gives
* almost exactly the RHS of the above provided we first subtract the
* exponent bias (1023 for doubles) and later add it back. We do the
* subtraction virtually to keep e >= 0 so that ordinary integer
* division rounds towards minus infinity; this is also efficient.
*/
if(hx<0x00100000) { /* subnormal number */
SET_HIGH_WORD(t,0x43500000); /* set t= 2**54 */
t*=x;
GET_HIGH_WORD(high,t);
SET_HIGH_WORD(t,sign|((high&0x7fffffff)/3+B2));
} else
SET_HIGH_WORD(t,sign|(hx/3+B1));
/* new cbrt to 23 bits; may be implemented in single precision */
r=t*t/x;
s=C+r*t;
t*=G+F/(s+E+D/s);
/* chop t to 20 bits and make it larger in magnitude than cbrt(x) */
GET_HIGH_WORD(high,t);
INSERT_WORDS(t,high+0x00000001,0);
/* one step Newton iteration to 53 bits with error less than 0.667 ulps */
s=t*t; /* t*t is exact */
r=x/s;
w=t+t;
r=(r-t)/(w+r); /* r-t is exact */
t=t+t*r;
return(t);
}

79
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/* s_cbrtf.c -- float version of s_cbrt.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
* Debugged and optimized by Bruce D. Evans.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_cbrtf.c,v 1.12 2005/12/13 20:17:23 bde Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
/* cbrtf(x)
* Return cube root of x
*/
static const unsigned
B1 = 709958130, /* B1 = (127-127.0/3-0.03306235651)*2**23 */
B2 = 642849266; /* B2 = (127-127.0/3-24/3-0.03306235651)*2**23 */
static const float
C = 5.4285717010e-01, /* 19/35 = 0x3f0af8b0 */
D = -7.0530611277e-01, /* -864/1225 = 0xbf348ef1 */
E = 1.4142856598e+00, /* 99/70 = 0x3fb50750 */
F = 1.6071428061e+00, /* 45/28 = 0x3fcdb6db */
G = 3.5714286566e-01; /* 5/14 = 0x3eb6db6e */
float
cbrtf(float x)
{
float r,s,t,w;
int32_t hx;
u_int32_t sign;
u_int32_t high;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
sign=hx&0x80000000; /* sign= sign(x) */
hx ^=sign;
if(hx>=0x7f800000) return(x+x); /* cbrt(NaN,INF) is itself */
if(hx==0)
return(x); /* cbrt(0) is itself */
/* rough cbrt to 5 bits */
if(hx<0x00800000) { /* subnormal number */
SET_FLOAT_WORD(t,0x4b800000); /* set t= 2**24 */
t*=x;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(high,t);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(t,sign|((high&0x7fffffff)/3+B2));
} else
SET_FLOAT_WORD(t,sign|(hx/3+B1));
/* new cbrt to 23 bits */
r=t*t/x;
s=C+r*t;
t*=G+F/(s+E+D/s);
/* chop t to 12 bits and make it larger in magnitude than cbrt(x) */
GET_FLOAT_WORD(high,t);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(t,(high&0xfffff000)+0x00001000);
/* one step Newton iteration to 24 bits with error less than 0.667 ulps */
s=t*t; /* t*t is exact */
r=x/s;
w=t+t;
r=(r-t)/(w+r); /* r-t is exact */
t=t+t*r;
return(t);
}

72
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/* @(#)s_ceil.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_ceil.c,v 1.9 2003/07/23 04:53:46 peter Exp $";
#endif
/*
* ceil(x)
* Return x rounded toward -inf to integral value
* Method:
* Bit twiddling.
* Exception:
* Inexact flag raised if x not equal to ceil(x).
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double huge = 1.0e300;
double
ceil(double x)
{
int32_t i0,i1,j0;
u_int32_t i,j;
EXTRACT_WORDS(i0,i1,x);
j0 = ((i0>>20)&0x7ff)-0x3ff;
if(j0<20) {
if(j0<0) { /* raise inexact if x != 0 */
if(huge+x>0.0) {/* return 0*sign(x) if |x|<1 */
if(i0<0) {i0=0x80000000;i1=0;}
else if((i0|i1)!=0) { i0=0x3ff00000;i1=0;}
}
} else {
i = (0x000fffff)>>j0;
if(((i0&i)|i1)==0) return x; /* x is integral */
if(huge+x>0.0) { /* raise inexact flag */
if(i0>0) i0 += (0x00100000)>>j0;
i0 &= (~i); i1=0;
}
}
} else if (j0>51) {
if(j0==0x400) return x+x; /* inf or NaN */
else return x; /* x is integral */
} else {
i = ((u_int32_t)(0xffffffff))>>(j0-20);
if((i1&i)==0) return x; /* x is integral */
if(huge+x>0.0) { /* raise inexact flag */
if(i0>0) {
if(j0==20) i0+=1;
else {
j = i1 + (1<<(52-j0));
if(j<i1) i0+=1; /* got a carry */
i1 = j;
}
}
i1 &= (~i);
}
}
INSERT_WORDS(x,i0,i1);
return x;
}

53
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/* s_ceilf.c -- float version of s_ceil.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_ceilf.c,v 1.7 2002/05/28 18:15:04 alfred Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float huge = 1.0e30;
float
ceilf(float x)
{
int32_t i0,j0;
u_int32_t i;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(i0,x);
j0 = ((i0>>23)&0xff)-0x7f;
if(j0<23) {
if(j0<0) { /* raise inexact if x != 0 */
if(huge+x>(float)0.0) {/* return 0*sign(x) if |x|<1 */
if(i0<0) {i0=0x80000000;}
else if(i0!=0) { i0=0x3f800000;}
}
} else {
i = (0x007fffff)>>j0;
if((i0&i)==0) return x; /* x is integral */
if(huge+x>(float)0.0) { /* raise inexact flag */
if(i0>0) i0 += (0x00800000)>>j0;
i0 &= (~i);
}
}
} else {
if(j0==0x80) return x+x; /* inf or NaN */
else return x; /* x is integral */
}
SET_FLOAT_WORD(x,i0);
return x;
}

102
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/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
* From: @(#)s_ceil.c 5.1 93/09/24
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_ceill.c,v 1.4 2005/04/28 19:45:55 stefanf Exp $";
#endif
/*
* ceill(x)
* Return x rounded toward -inf to integral value
* Method:
* Bit twiddling.
* Exception:
* Inexact flag raised if x not equal to ceill(x).
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include "fpmath.h"
#ifdef LDBL_IMPLICIT_NBIT
#define MANH_SIZE (LDBL_MANH_SIZE + 1)
#define INC_MANH(u, c) do { \
uint64_t o = u.bits.manh; \
u.bits.manh += (c); \
if (u.bits.manh < o) \
u.bits.exp++; \
} while (0)
#else
#define MANH_SIZE LDBL_MANH_SIZE
#define INC_MANH(u, c) do { \
uint64_t o = u.bits.manh; \
u.bits.manh += (c); \
if (u.bits.manh < o) { \
u.bits.exp++; \
u.bits.manh |= 1llu << (LDBL_MANH_SIZE - 1); \
} \
} while (0)
#endif
static const long double huge = 1.0e300;
long double
ceill(long double x)
{
union IEEEl2bits u = { .e = x };
int e = u.bits.exp - LDBL_MAX_EXP + 1;
if (e < MANH_SIZE - 1) {
if (e < 0) { /* raise inexact if x != 0 */
if (huge + x > 0.0)
if (u.bits.exp > 0 ||
(u.bits.manh | u.bits.manl) != 0)
u.e = u.bits.sign ? 0.0 : 1.0;
} else {
uint64_t m = ((1llu << MANH_SIZE) - 1) >> (e + 1);
if (((u.bits.manh & m) | u.bits.manl) == 0)
return (x); /* x is integral */
if (!u.bits.sign) {
#ifdef LDBL_IMPLICIT_NBIT
if (e == 0)
u.bits.exp++;
else
#endif
INC_MANH(u, 1llu << (MANH_SIZE - e - 1));
}
if (huge + x > 0.0) { /* raise inexact flag */
u.bits.manh &= ~m;
u.bits.manl = 0;
}
}
} else if (e < LDBL_MANT_DIG - 1) {
uint64_t m = (uint64_t)-1 >> (64 - LDBL_MANT_DIG + e + 1);
if ((u.bits.manl & m) == 0)
return (x); /* x is integral */
if (!u.bits.sign) {
if (e == MANH_SIZE - 1)
INC_MANH(u, 1);
else {
uint64_t o = u.bits.manl;
u.bits.manl += 1llu << (LDBL_MANT_DIG - e - 1);
if (u.bits.manl < o) /* got a carry */
INC_MANH(u, 1);
}
}
if (huge + x > 0.0) /* raise inexact flag */
u.bits.manl &= ~m;
}
return (u.e);
}

35
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/*-
* Copyright (c) 2004 Stefan Farfeleder
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_cimag.c,v 1.1 2004/05/30 09:21:56 stefanf Exp $
*/
#include <complex.h>
double
cimag(double complex z)
{
return -z * I;
}

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/*-
* Copyright (c) 2004 Stefan Farfeleder
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_cimagf.c,v 1.1 2004/05/30 09:21:56 stefanf Exp $
*/
#include <complex.h>
float
cimagf(float complex z)
{
return -z * I;
}

35
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/*-
* Copyright (c) 2004 Stefan Farfeleder
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_cimagl.c,v 1.1 2004/05/30 09:21:56 stefanf Exp $
*/
#include <complex.h>
long double
cimagl(long double complex z)
{
return -z * I;
}

35
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@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
/*-
* Copyright (c) 2004 Stefan Farfeleder
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_conj.c,v 1.1 2004/05/30 09:21:56 stefanf Exp $
*/
#include <complex.h>
double complex
conj(double complex z)
{
return creal(z) - I * cimag(z);
}

35
libm/src/s_conjf.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
/*-
* Copyright (c) 2004 Stefan Farfeleder
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_conjf.c,v 1.1 2004/05/30 09:21:56 stefanf Exp $
*/
#include <complex.h>
float complex
conjf(float complex z)
{
return crealf(z) - I * cimagf(z);
}

35
libm/src/s_conjl.c Normal file
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/*-
* Copyright (c) 2004 Stefan Farfeleder
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_conjl.c,v 1.1 2004/05/30 09:21:56 stefanf Exp $
*/
#include <complex.h>
long double complex
conjl(long double complex z)
{
return creall(z) - I * cimagl(z);
}

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/* @(#)s_copysign.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_copysign.c,v 1.9 2003/07/23 04:53:46 peter Exp $";
#endif
/*
* copysign(double x, double y)
* copysign(x,y) returns a value with the magnitude of x and
* with the sign bit of y.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
double
copysign(double x, double y)
{
u_int32_t hx,hy;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
GET_HIGH_WORD(hy,y);
SET_HIGH_WORD(x,(hx&0x7fffffff)|(hy&0x80000000));
return x;
}

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/* s_copysignf.c -- float version of s_copysign.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_copysignf.c,v 1.9 2003/07/23 04:53:46 peter Exp $";
#endif
/*
* copysignf(float x, float y)
* copysignf(x,y) returns a value with the magnitude of x and
* with the sign bit of y.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
float
copysignf(float x, float y)
{
u_int32_t ix,iy;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(ix,x);
GET_FLOAT_WORD(iy,y);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(x,(ix&0x7fffffff)|(iy&0x80000000));
return x;
}

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/*-
* Copyright (c) 2004 Stefan Farfeleder
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_copysignl.c,v 1.1 2004/05/07 18:56:31 stefanf Exp $
*/
#include <math.h>
#include "fpmath.h"
long double
copysignl(long double x, long double y)
{
union IEEEl2bits ux, uy;
ux.e = x;
uy.e = y;
ux.bits.sign = uy.bits.sign;
return (ux.e);
}

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/* @(#)s_cos.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_cos.c,v 1.10 2005/10/24 14:08:36 bde Exp $";
#endif
/* cos(x)
* Return cosine function of x.
*
* kernel function:
* __kernel_sin ... sine function on [-pi/4,pi/4]
* __kernel_cos ... cosine function on [-pi/4,pi/4]
* __ieee754_rem_pio2 ... argument reduction routine
*
* Method.
* Let S,C and T denote the sin, cos and tan respectively on
* [-PI/4, +PI/4]. Reduce the argument x to y1+y2 = x-k*pi/2
* in [-pi/4 , +pi/4], and let n = k mod 4.
* We have
*
* n sin(x) cos(x) tan(x)
* ----------------------------------------------------------
* 0 S C T
* 1 C -S -1/T
* 2 -S -C T
* 3 -C S -1/T
* ----------------------------------------------------------
*
* Special cases:
* Let trig be any of sin, cos, or tan.
* trig(+-INF) is NaN, with signals;
* trig(NaN) is that NaN;
*
* Accuracy:
* TRIG(x) returns trig(x) nearly rounded
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
double
cos(double x)
{
double y[2],z=0.0;
int32_t n, ix;
/* High word of x. */
GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,x);
/* |x| ~< pi/4 */
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if(ix <= 0x3fe921fb) {
if(ix<0x3e400000) /* if x < 2**-27 */
if(((int)x)==0) return 1.0; /* generate inexact */
return __kernel_cos(x,z);
}
/* cos(Inf or NaN) is NaN */
else if (ix>=0x7ff00000) return x-x;
/* argument reduction needed */
else {
n = __ieee754_rem_pio2(x,y);
switch(n&3) {
case 0: return __kernel_cos(y[0],y[1]);
case 1: return -__kernel_sin(y[0],y[1],1);
case 2: return -__kernel_cos(y[0],y[1]);
default:
return __kernel_sin(y[0],y[1],1);
}
}
}

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/* s_cosf.c -- float version of s_cos.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
* Optimized by Bruce D. Evans.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_cosf.c,v 1.15 2005/11/30 06:47:18 bde Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#define INLINE_KERNEL_COSDF
#define INLINE_KERNEL_SINDF
#include "math_private.h"
#include "k_cosf.c"
#include "k_sinf.c"
/* Small multiples of pi/2 rounded to double precision. */
static const double
c1pio2 = 1*M_PI_2, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x54442D18 */
c2pio2 = 2*M_PI_2, /* 0x400921FB, 0x54442D18 */
c3pio2 = 3*M_PI_2, /* 0x4012D97C, 0x7F3321D2 */
c4pio2 = 4*M_PI_2; /* 0x401921FB, 0x54442D18 */
float
cosf(float x)
{
float y[2];
int32_t n, hx, ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx & 0x7fffffff;
if(ix <= 0x3f490fda) { /* |x| ~<= pi/4 */
if(ix<0x39800000) /* |x| < 2**-12 */
if(((int)x)==0) return 1.0; /* 1 with inexact if x != 0 */
return __kernel_cosdf(x);
}
if(ix<=0x407b53d1) { /* |x| ~<= 5*pi/4 */
if(ix>0x4016cbe3) /* |x| ~> 3*pi/4 */
return -__kernel_cosdf(x + (hx > 0 ? -c2pio2 : c2pio2));
else {
if(hx>0)
return __kernel_sindf(c1pio2 - x);
else
return __kernel_sindf(x + c1pio2);
}
}
if(ix<=0x40e231d5) { /* |x| ~<= 9*pi/4 */
if(ix>0x40afeddf) /* |x| ~> 7*pi/4 */
return __kernel_cosdf(x + (hx > 0 ? -c4pio2 : c4pio2));
else {
if(hx>0)
return __kernel_sindf(x - c3pio2);
else
return __kernel_sindf(-c3pio2 - x);
}
}
/* cos(Inf or NaN) is NaN */
else if (ix>=0x7f800000) return x-x;
/* general argument reduction needed */
else {
n = __ieee754_rem_pio2f(x,y);
switch(n&3) {
case 0: return __kernel_cosdf((double)y[0]+y[1]);
case 1: return __kernel_sindf(-(double)y[0]-y[1]);
case 2: return -__kernel_cosdf((double)y[0]+y[1]);
default:
return __kernel_sindf((double)y[0]+y[1]);
}
}
}

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/*-
* Copyright (c) 2004 Stefan Farfeleder
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_creal.c,v 1.1 2004/05/30 09:21:56 stefanf Exp $
*/
#include <complex.h>
double
creal(double complex z)
{
return z;
}

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/*-
* Copyright (c) 2004 Stefan Farfeleder
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_crealf.c,v 1.1 2004/05/30 09:21:56 stefanf Exp $
*/
#include <complex.h>
float
crealf(float complex z)
{
return z;
}

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/*-
* Copyright (c) 2004 Stefan Farfeleder
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_creall.c,v 1.1 2004/05/30 09:21:56 stefanf Exp $
*/
#include <complex.h>
long double
creall(long double complex z)
{
return z;
}

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/* @(#)s_erf.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_erf.c,v 1.7 2002/05/28 18:15:04 alfred Exp $";
#endif
/* double erf(double x)
* double erfc(double x)
* x
* 2 |\
* erf(x) = --------- | exp(-t*t)dt
* sqrt(pi) \|
* 0
*
* erfc(x) = 1-erf(x)
* Note that
* erf(-x) = -erf(x)
* erfc(-x) = 2 - erfc(x)
*
* Method:
* 1. For |x| in [0, 0.84375]
* erf(x) = x + x*R(x^2)
* erfc(x) = 1 - erf(x) if x in [-.84375,0.25]
* = 0.5 + ((0.5-x)-x*R) if x in [0.25,0.84375]
* where R = P/Q where P is an odd poly of degree 8 and
* Q is an odd poly of degree 10.
* -57.90
* | R - (erf(x)-x)/x | <= 2
*
*
* Remark. The formula is derived by noting
* erf(x) = (2/sqrt(pi))*(x - x^3/3 + x^5/10 - x^7/42 + ....)
* and that
* 2/sqrt(pi) = 1.128379167095512573896158903121545171688
* is close to one. The interval is chosen because the fix
* point of erf(x) is near 0.6174 (i.e., erf(x)=x when x is
* near 0.6174), and by some experiment, 0.84375 is chosen to
* guarantee the error is less than one ulp for erf.
*
* 2. For |x| in [0.84375,1.25], let s = |x| - 1, and
* c = 0.84506291151 rounded to single (24 bits)
* erf(x) = sign(x) * (c + P1(s)/Q1(s))
* erfc(x) = (1-c) - P1(s)/Q1(s) if x > 0
* 1+(c+P1(s)/Q1(s)) if x < 0
* |P1/Q1 - (erf(|x|)-c)| <= 2**-59.06
* Remark: here we use the taylor series expansion at x=1.
* erf(1+s) = erf(1) + s*Poly(s)
* = 0.845.. + P1(s)/Q1(s)
* That is, we use rational approximation to approximate
* erf(1+s) - (c = (single)0.84506291151)
* Note that |P1/Q1|< 0.078 for x in [0.84375,1.25]
* where
* P1(s) = degree 6 poly in s
* Q1(s) = degree 6 poly in s
*
* 3. For x in [1.25,1/0.35(~2.857143)],
* erfc(x) = (1/x)*exp(-x*x-0.5625+R1/S1)
* erf(x) = 1 - erfc(x)
* where
* R1(z) = degree 7 poly in z, (z=1/x^2)
* S1(z) = degree 8 poly in z
*
* 4. For x in [1/0.35,28]
* erfc(x) = (1/x)*exp(-x*x-0.5625+R2/S2) if x > 0
* = 2.0 - (1/x)*exp(-x*x-0.5625+R2/S2) if -6<x<0
* = 2.0 - tiny (if x <= -6)
* erf(x) = sign(x)*(1.0 - erfc(x)) if x < 6, else
* erf(x) = sign(x)*(1.0 - tiny)
* where
* R2(z) = degree 6 poly in z, (z=1/x^2)
* S2(z) = degree 7 poly in z
*
* Note1:
* To compute exp(-x*x-0.5625+R/S), let s be a single
* precision number and s := x; then
* -x*x = -s*s + (s-x)*(s+x)
* exp(-x*x-0.5626+R/S) =
* exp(-s*s-0.5625)*exp((s-x)*(s+x)+R/S);
* Note2:
* Here 4 and 5 make use of the asymptotic series
* exp(-x*x)
* erfc(x) ~ ---------- * ( 1 + Poly(1/x^2) )
* x*sqrt(pi)
* We use rational approximation to approximate
* g(s)=f(1/x^2) = log(erfc(x)*x) - x*x + 0.5625
* Here is the error bound for R1/S1 and R2/S2
* |R1/S1 - f(x)| < 2**(-62.57)
* |R2/S2 - f(x)| < 2**(-61.52)
*
* 5. For inf > x >= 28
* erf(x) = sign(x) *(1 - tiny) (raise inexact)
* erfc(x) = tiny*tiny (raise underflow) if x > 0
* = 2 - tiny if x<0
*
* 7. Special case:
* erf(0) = 0, erf(inf) = 1, erf(-inf) = -1,
* erfc(0) = 1, erfc(inf) = 0, erfc(-inf) = 2,
* erfc/erf(NaN) is NaN
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
tiny = 1e-300,
half= 5.00000000000000000000e-01, /* 0x3FE00000, 0x00000000 */
one = 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
two = 2.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x40000000, 0x00000000 */
/* c = (float)0.84506291151 */
erx = 8.45062911510467529297e-01, /* 0x3FEB0AC1, 0x60000000 */
/*
* Coefficients for approximation to erf on [0,0.84375]
*/
efx = 1.28379167095512586316e-01, /* 0x3FC06EBA, 0x8214DB69 */
efx8= 1.02703333676410069053e+00, /* 0x3FF06EBA, 0x8214DB69 */
pp0 = 1.28379167095512558561e-01, /* 0x3FC06EBA, 0x8214DB68 */
pp1 = -3.25042107247001499370e-01, /* 0xBFD4CD7D, 0x691CB913 */
pp2 = -2.84817495755985104766e-02, /* 0xBF9D2A51, 0xDBD7194F */
pp3 = -5.77027029648944159157e-03, /* 0xBF77A291, 0x236668E4 */
pp4 = -2.37630166566501626084e-05, /* 0xBEF8EAD6, 0x120016AC */
qq1 = 3.97917223959155352819e-01, /* 0x3FD97779, 0xCDDADC09 */
qq2 = 6.50222499887672944485e-02, /* 0x3FB0A54C, 0x5536CEBA */
qq3 = 5.08130628187576562776e-03, /* 0x3F74D022, 0xC4D36B0F */
qq4 = 1.32494738004321644526e-04, /* 0x3F215DC9, 0x221C1A10 */
qq5 = -3.96022827877536812320e-06, /* 0xBED09C43, 0x42A26120 */
/*
* Coefficients for approximation to erf in [0.84375,1.25]
*/
pa0 = -2.36211856075265944077e-03, /* 0xBF6359B8, 0xBEF77538 */
pa1 = 4.14856118683748331666e-01, /* 0x3FDA8D00, 0xAD92B34D */
pa2 = -3.72207876035701323847e-01, /* 0xBFD7D240, 0xFBB8C3F1 */
pa3 = 3.18346619901161753674e-01, /* 0x3FD45FCA, 0x805120E4 */
pa4 = -1.10894694282396677476e-01, /* 0xBFBC6398, 0x3D3E28EC */
pa5 = 3.54783043256182359371e-02, /* 0x3FA22A36, 0x599795EB */
pa6 = -2.16637559486879084300e-03, /* 0xBF61BF38, 0x0A96073F */
qa1 = 1.06420880400844228286e-01, /* 0x3FBB3E66, 0x18EEE323 */
qa2 = 5.40397917702171048937e-01, /* 0x3FE14AF0, 0x92EB6F33 */
qa3 = 7.18286544141962662868e-02, /* 0x3FB2635C, 0xD99FE9A7 */
qa4 = 1.26171219808761642112e-01, /* 0x3FC02660, 0xE763351F */
qa5 = 1.36370839120290507362e-02, /* 0x3F8BEDC2, 0x6B51DD1C */
qa6 = 1.19844998467991074170e-02, /* 0x3F888B54, 0x5735151D */
/*
* Coefficients for approximation to erfc in [1.25,1/0.35]
*/
ra0 = -9.86494403484714822705e-03, /* 0xBF843412, 0x600D6435 */
ra1 = -6.93858572707181764372e-01, /* 0xBFE63416, 0xE4BA7360 */
ra2 = -1.05586262253232909814e+01, /* 0xC0251E04, 0x41B0E726 */
ra3 = -6.23753324503260060396e+01, /* 0xC04F300A, 0xE4CBA38D */
ra4 = -1.62396669462573470355e+02, /* 0xC0644CB1, 0x84282266 */
ra5 = -1.84605092906711035994e+02, /* 0xC067135C, 0xEBCCABB2 */
ra6 = -8.12874355063065934246e+01, /* 0xC0545265, 0x57E4D2F2 */
ra7 = -9.81432934416914548592e+00, /* 0xC023A0EF, 0xC69AC25C */
sa1 = 1.96512716674392571292e+01, /* 0x4033A6B9, 0xBD707687 */
sa2 = 1.37657754143519042600e+02, /* 0x4061350C, 0x526AE721 */
sa3 = 4.34565877475229228821e+02, /* 0x407B290D, 0xD58A1A71 */
sa4 = 6.45387271733267880336e+02, /* 0x40842B19, 0x21EC2868 */
sa5 = 4.29008140027567833386e+02, /* 0x407AD021, 0x57700314 */
sa6 = 1.08635005541779435134e+02, /* 0x405B28A3, 0xEE48AE2C */
sa7 = 6.57024977031928170135e+00, /* 0x401A47EF, 0x8E484A93 */
sa8 = -6.04244152148580987438e-02, /* 0xBFAEEFF2, 0xEE749A62 */
/*
* Coefficients for approximation to erfc in [1/.35,28]
*/
rb0 = -9.86494292470009928597e-03, /* 0xBF843412, 0x39E86F4A */
rb1 = -7.99283237680523006574e-01, /* 0xBFE993BA, 0x70C285DE */
rb2 = -1.77579549177547519889e+01, /* 0xC031C209, 0x555F995A */
rb3 = -1.60636384855821916062e+02, /* 0xC064145D, 0x43C5ED98 */
rb4 = -6.37566443368389627722e+02, /* 0xC083EC88, 0x1375F228 */
rb5 = -1.02509513161107724954e+03, /* 0xC0900461, 0x6A2E5992 */
rb6 = -4.83519191608651397019e+02, /* 0xC07E384E, 0x9BDC383F */
sb1 = 3.03380607434824582924e+01, /* 0x403E568B, 0x261D5190 */
sb2 = 3.25792512996573918826e+02, /* 0x40745CAE, 0x221B9F0A */
sb3 = 1.53672958608443695994e+03, /* 0x409802EB, 0x189D5118 */
sb4 = 3.19985821950859553908e+03, /* 0x40A8FFB7, 0x688C246A */
sb5 = 2.55305040643316442583e+03, /* 0x40A3F219, 0xCEDF3BE6 */
sb6 = 4.74528541206955367215e+02, /* 0x407DA874, 0xE79FE763 */
sb7 = -2.24409524465858183362e+01; /* 0xC03670E2, 0x42712D62 */
double
erf(double x)
{
int32_t hx,ix,i;
double R,S,P,Q,s,y,z,r;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) { /* erf(nan)=nan */
i = ((u_int32_t)hx>>31)<<1;
return (double)(1-i)+one/x; /* erf(+-inf)=+-1 */
}
if(ix < 0x3feb0000) { /* |x|<0.84375 */
if(ix < 0x3e300000) { /* |x|<2**-28 */
if (ix < 0x00800000)
return 0.125*(8.0*x+efx8*x); /*avoid underflow */
return x + efx*x;
}
z = x*x;
r = pp0+z*(pp1+z*(pp2+z*(pp3+z*pp4)));
s = one+z*(qq1+z*(qq2+z*(qq3+z*(qq4+z*qq5))));
y = r/s;
return x + x*y;
}
if(ix < 0x3ff40000) { /* 0.84375 <= |x| < 1.25 */
s = fabs(x)-one;
P = pa0+s*(pa1+s*(pa2+s*(pa3+s*(pa4+s*(pa5+s*pa6)))));
Q = one+s*(qa1+s*(qa2+s*(qa3+s*(qa4+s*(qa5+s*qa6)))));
if(hx>=0) return erx + P/Q; else return -erx - P/Q;
}
if (ix >= 0x40180000) { /* inf>|x|>=6 */
if(hx>=0) return one-tiny; else return tiny-one;
}
x = fabs(x);
s = one/(x*x);
if(ix< 0x4006DB6E) { /* |x| < 1/0.35 */
R=ra0+s*(ra1+s*(ra2+s*(ra3+s*(ra4+s*(
ra5+s*(ra6+s*ra7))))));
S=one+s*(sa1+s*(sa2+s*(sa3+s*(sa4+s*(
sa5+s*(sa6+s*(sa7+s*sa8)))))));
} else { /* |x| >= 1/0.35 */
R=rb0+s*(rb1+s*(rb2+s*(rb3+s*(rb4+s*(
rb5+s*rb6)))));
S=one+s*(sb1+s*(sb2+s*(sb3+s*(sb4+s*(
sb5+s*(sb6+s*sb7))))));
}
z = x;
SET_LOW_WORD(z,0);
r = __ieee754_exp(-z*z-0.5625)*__ieee754_exp((z-x)*(z+x)+R/S);
if(hx>=0) return one-r/x; else return r/x-one;
}
double
erfc(double x)
{
int32_t hx,ix;
double R,S,P,Q,s,y,z,r;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7ff00000) { /* erfc(nan)=nan */
/* erfc(+-inf)=0,2 */
return (double)(((u_int32_t)hx>>31)<<1)+one/x;
}
if(ix < 0x3feb0000) { /* |x|<0.84375 */
if(ix < 0x3c700000) /* |x|<2**-56 */
return one-x;
z = x*x;
r = pp0+z*(pp1+z*(pp2+z*(pp3+z*pp4)));
s = one+z*(qq1+z*(qq2+z*(qq3+z*(qq4+z*qq5))));
y = r/s;
if(hx < 0x3fd00000) { /* x<1/4 */
return one-(x+x*y);
} else {
r = x*y;
r += (x-half);
return half - r ;
}
}
if(ix < 0x3ff40000) { /* 0.84375 <= |x| < 1.25 */
s = fabs(x)-one;
P = pa0+s*(pa1+s*(pa2+s*(pa3+s*(pa4+s*(pa5+s*pa6)))));
Q = one+s*(qa1+s*(qa2+s*(qa3+s*(qa4+s*(qa5+s*qa6)))));
if(hx>=0) {
z = one-erx; return z - P/Q;
} else {
z = erx+P/Q; return one+z;
}
}
if (ix < 0x403c0000) { /* |x|<28 */
x = fabs(x);
s = one/(x*x);
if(ix< 0x4006DB6D) { /* |x| < 1/.35 ~ 2.857143*/
R=ra0+s*(ra1+s*(ra2+s*(ra3+s*(ra4+s*(
ra5+s*(ra6+s*ra7))))));
S=one+s*(sa1+s*(sa2+s*(sa3+s*(sa4+s*(
sa5+s*(sa6+s*(sa7+s*sa8)))))));
} else { /* |x| >= 1/.35 ~ 2.857143 */
if(hx<0&&ix>=0x40180000) return two-tiny;/* x < -6 */
R=rb0+s*(rb1+s*(rb2+s*(rb3+s*(rb4+s*(
rb5+s*rb6)))));
S=one+s*(sb1+s*(sb2+s*(sb3+s*(sb4+s*(
sb5+s*(sb6+s*sb7))))));
}
z = x;
SET_LOW_WORD(z,0);
r = __ieee754_exp(-z*z-0.5625)*
__ieee754_exp((z-x)*(z+x)+R/S);
if(hx>0) return r/x; else return two-r/x;
} else {
if(hx>0) return tiny*tiny; else return two-tiny;
}
}

211
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/* s_erff.c -- float version of s_erf.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_erff.c,v 1.7 2002/05/28 18:15:04 alfred Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float
tiny = 1e-30,
half= 5.0000000000e-01, /* 0x3F000000 */
one = 1.0000000000e+00, /* 0x3F800000 */
two = 2.0000000000e+00, /* 0x40000000 */
/* c = (subfloat)0.84506291151 */
erx = 8.4506291151e-01, /* 0x3f58560b */
/*
* Coefficients for approximation to erf on [0,0.84375]
*/
efx = 1.2837916613e-01, /* 0x3e0375d4 */
efx8= 1.0270333290e+00, /* 0x3f8375d4 */
pp0 = 1.2837916613e-01, /* 0x3e0375d4 */
pp1 = -3.2504209876e-01, /* 0xbea66beb */
pp2 = -2.8481749818e-02, /* 0xbce9528f */
pp3 = -5.7702702470e-03, /* 0xbbbd1489 */
pp4 = -2.3763017452e-05, /* 0xb7c756b1 */
qq1 = 3.9791721106e-01, /* 0x3ecbbbce */
qq2 = 6.5022252500e-02, /* 0x3d852a63 */
qq3 = 5.0813062117e-03, /* 0x3ba68116 */
qq4 = 1.3249473704e-04, /* 0x390aee49 */
qq5 = -3.9602282413e-06, /* 0xb684e21a */
/*
* Coefficients for approximation to erf in [0.84375,1.25]
*/
pa0 = -2.3621185683e-03, /* 0xbb1acdc6 */
pa1 = 4.1485610604e-01, /* 0x3ed46805 */
pa2 = -3.7220788002e-01, /* 0xbebe9208 */
pa3 = 3.1834661961e-01, /* 0x3ea2fe54 */
pa4 = -1.1089469492e-01, /* 0xbde31cc2 */
pa5 = 3.5478305072e-02, /* 0x3d1151b3 */
pa6 = -2.1663755178e-03, /* 0xbb0df9c0 */
qa1 = 1.0642088205e-01, /* 0x3dd9f331 */
qa2 = 5.4039794207e-01, /* 0x3f0a5785 */
qa3 = 7.1828655899e-02, /* 0x3d931ae7 */
qa4 = 1.2617121637e-01, /* 0x3e013307 */
qa5 = 1.3637083583e-02, /* 0x3c5f6e13 */
qa6 = 1.1984500103e-02, /* 0x3c445aa3 */
/*
* Coefficients for approximation to erfc in [1.25,1/0.35]
*/
ra0 = -9.8649440333e-03, /* 0xbc21a093 */
ra1 = -6.9385856390e-01, /* 0xbf31a0b7 */
ra2 = -1.0558626175e+01, /* 0xc128f022 */
ra3 = -6.2375331879e+01, /* 0xc2798057 */
ra4 = -1.6239666748e+02, /* 0xc322658c */
ra5 = -1.8460508728e+02, /* 0xc3389ae7 */
ra6 = -8.1287437439e+01, /* 0xc2a2932b */
ra7 = -9.8143291473e+00, /* 0xc11d077e */
sa1 = 1.9651271820e+01, /* 0x419d35ce */
sa2 = 1.3765776062e+02, /* 0x4309a863 */
sa3 = 4.3456588745e+02, /* 0x43d9486f */
sa4 = 6.4538726807e+02, /* 0x442158c9 */
sa5 = 4.2900814819e+02, /* 0x43d6810b */
sa6 = 1.0863500214e+02, /* 0x42d9451f */
sa7 = 6.5702495575e+00, /* 0x40d23f7c */
sa8 = -6.0424413532e-02, /* 0xbd777f97 */
/*
* Coefficients for approximation to erfc in [1/.35,28]
*/
rb0 = -9.8649431020e-03, /* 0xbc21a092 */
rb1 = -7.9928326607e-01, /* 0xbf4c9dd4 */
rb2 = -1.7757955551e+01, /* 0xc18e104b */
rb3 = -1.6063638306e+02, /* 0xc320a2ea */
rb4 = -6.3756646729e+02, /* 0xc41f6441 */
rb5 = -1.0250950928e+03, /* 0xc480230b */
rb6 = -4.8351919556e+02, /* 0xc3f1c275 */
sb1 = 3.0338060379e+01, /* 0x41f2b459 */
sb2 = 3.2579251099e+02, /* 0x43a2e571 */
sb3 = 1.5367296143e+03, /* 0x44c01759 */
sb4 = 3.1998581543e+03, /* 0x4547fdbb */
sb5 = 2.5530502930e+03, /* 0x451f90ce */
sb6 = 4.7452853394e+02, /* 0x43ed43a7 */
sb7 = -2.2440952301e+01; /* 0xc1b38712 */
float
erff(float x)
{
int32_t hx,ix,i;
float R,S,P,Q,s,y,z,r;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7f800000) { /* erf(nan)=nan */
i = ((u_int32_t)hx>>31)<<1;
return (float)(1-i)+one/x; /* erf(+-inf)=+-1 */
}
if(ix < 0x3f580000) { /* |x|<0.84375 */
if(ix < 0x31800000) { /* |x|<2**-28 */
if (ix < 0x04000000)
/*avoid underflow */
return (float)0.125*((float)8.0*x+efx8*x);
return x + efx*x;
}
z = x*x;
r = pp0+z*(pp1+z*(pp2+z*(pp3+z*pp4)));
s = one+z*(qq1+z*(qq2+z*(qq3+z*(qq4+z*qq5))));
y = r/s;
return x + x*y;
}
if(ix < 0x3fa00000) { /* 0.84375 <= |x| < 1.25 */
s = fabsf(x)-one;
P = pa0+s*(pa1+s*(pa2+s*(pa3+s*(pa4+s*(pa5+s*pa6)))));
Q = one+s*(qa1+s*(qa2+s*(qa3+s*(qa4+s*(qa5+s*qa6)))));
if(hx>=0) return erx + P/Q; else return -erx - P/Q;
}
if (ix >= 0x40c00000) { /* inf>|x|>=6 */
if(hx>=0) return one-tiny; else return tiny-one;
}
x = fabsf(x);
s = one/(x*x);
if(ix< 0x4036DB6E) { /* |x| < 1/0.35 */
R=ra0+s*(ra1+s*(ra2+s*(ra3+s*(ra4+s*(
ra5+s*(ra6+s*ra7))))));
S=one+s*(sa1+s*(sa2+s*(sa3+s*(sa4+s*(
sa5+s*(sa6+s*(sa7+s*sa8)))))));
} else { /* |x| >= 1/0.35 */
R=rb0+s*(rb1+s*(rb2+s*(rb3+s*(rb4+s*(
rb5+s*rb6)))));
S=one+s*(sb1+s*(sb2+s*(sb3+s*(sb4+s*(
sb5+s*(sb6+s*sb7))))));
}
GET_FLOAT_WORD(ix,x);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(z,ix&0xfffff000);
r = __ieee754_expf(-z*z-(float)0.5625)*__ieee754_expf((z-x)*(z+x)+R/S);
if(hx>=0) return one-r/x; else return r/x-one;
}
float
erfcf(float x)
{
int32_t hx,ix;
float R,S,P,Q,s,y,z,r;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>=0x7f800000) { /* erfc(nan)=nan */
/* erfc(+-inf)=0,2 */
return (float)(((u_int32_t)hx>>31)<<1)+one/x;
}
if(ix < 0x3f580000) { /* |x|<0.84375 */
if(ix < 0x23800000) /* |x|<2**-56 */
return one-x;
z = x*x;
r = pp0+z*(pp1+z*(pp2+z*(pp3+z*pp4)));
s = one+z*(qq1+z*(qq2+z*(qq3+z*(qq4+z*qq5))));
y = r/s;
if(hx < 0x3e800000) { /* x<1/4 */
return one-(x+x*y);
} else {
r = x*y;
r += (x-half);
return half - r ;
}
}
if(ix < 0x3fa00000) { /* 0.84375 <= |x| < 1.25 */
s = fabsf(x)-one;
P = pa0+s*(pa1+s*(pa2+s*(pa3+s*(pa4+s*(pa5+s*pa6)))));
Q = one+s*(qa1+s*(qa2+s*(qa3+s*(qa4+s*(qa5+s*qa6)))));
if(hx>=0) {
z = one-erx; return z - P/Q;
} else {
z = erx+P/Q; return one+z;
}
}
if (ix < 0x41e00000) { /* |x|<28 */
x = fabsf(x);
s = one/(x*x);
if(ix< 0x4036DB6D) { /* |x| < 1/.35 ~ 2.857143*/
R=ra0+s*(ra1+s*(ra2+s*(ra3+s*(ra4+s*(
ra5+s*(ra6+s*ra7))))));
S=one+s*(sa1+s*(sa2+s*(sa3+s*(sa4+s*(
sa5+s*(sa6+s*(sa7+s*sa8)))))));
} else { /* |x| >= 1/.35 ~ 2.857143 */
if(hx<0&&ix>=0x40c00000) return two-tiny;/* x < -6 */
R=rb0+s*(rb1+s*(rb2+s*(rb3+s*(rb4+s*(
rb5+s*rb6)))));
S=one+s*(sb1+s*(sb2+s*(sb3+s*(sb4+s*(
sb5+s*(sb6+s*sb7))))));
}
GET_FLOAT_WORD(ix,x);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(z,ix&0xfffff000);
r = __ieee754_expf(-z*z-(float)0.5625)*
__ieee754_expf((z-x)*(z+x)+R/S);
if(hx>0) return r/x; else return two-r/x;
} else {
if(hx>0) return tiny*tiny; else return two-tiny;
}
}

389
libm/src/s_exp2.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
/*-
* Copyright (c) 2005 David Schultz <das@FreeBSD.ORG>
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
/* __FBSDID("$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_exp2.c,v 1.1 2005/04/05 02:57:15 das Exp $"); */
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
#define TBLBITS 8
#define TBLSIZE (1 << TBLBITS)
static const double
huge = 0x1p1000,
twom1000 = 0x1p-1000,
redux = 0x1.8p52 / TBLSIZE,
P1 = 0x1.62e42fefa39efp-1,
P2 = 0x1.ebfbdff82c575p-3,
P3 = 0x1.c6b08d704a0a6p-5,
P4 = 0x1.3b2ab88f70400p-7,
P5 = 0x1.5d88003875c74p-10;
static const double tbl[TBLSIZE * 2] = {
/* exp2(z + eps) eps */
0x1.6a09e667f3d5dp-1, 0x1.9880p-44,
0x1.6b052fa751744p-1, 0x1.8000p-50,
0x1.6c012750bd9fep-1, -0x1.8780p-45,
0x1.6cfdcddd476bfp-1, 0x1.ec00p-46,
0x1.6dfb23c651a29p-1, -0x1.8000p-50,
0x1.6ef9298593ae3p-1, -0x1.c000p-52,
0x1.6ff7df9519386p-1, -0x1.fd80p-45,
0x1.70f7466f42da3p-1, -0x1.c880p-45,
0x1.71f75e8ec5fc3p-1, 0x1.3c00p-46,
0x1.72f8286eacf05p-1, -0x1.8300p-44,
0x1.73f9a48a58152p-1, -0x1.0c00p-47,
0x1.74fbd35d7ccfcp-1, 0x1.f880p-45,
0x1.75feb564267f1p-1, 0x1.3e00p-47,
0x1.77024b1ab6d48p-1, -0x1.7d00p-45,
0x1.780694fde5d38p-1, -0x1.d000p-50,
0x1.790b938ac1d00p-1, 0x1.3000p-49,
0x1.7a11473eb0178p-1, -0x1.d000p-49,
0x1.7b17b0976d060p-1, 0x1.0400p-45,
0x1.7c1ed0130c133p-1, 0x1.0000p-53,
0x1.7d26a62ff8636p-1, -0x1.6900p-45,
0x1.7e2f336cf4e3bp-1, -0x1.2e00p-47,
0x1.7f3878491c3e8p-1, -0x1.4580p-45,
0x1.80427543e1b4ep-1, 0x1.3000p-44,
0x1.814d2add1071ap-1, 0x1.f000p-47,
0x1.82589994ccd7ep-1, -0x1.1c00p-45,
0x1.8364c1eb942d0p-1, 0x1.9d00p-45,
0x1.8471a4623cab5p-1, 0x1.7100p-43,
0x1.857f4179f5bbcp-1, 0x1.2600p-45,
0x1.868d99b4491afp-1, -0x1.2c40p-44,
0x1.879cad931a395p-1, -0x1.3000p-45,
0x1.88ac7d98a65b8p-1, -0x1.a800p-45,
0x1.89bd0a4785800p-1, -0x1.d000p-49,
0x1.8ace5422aa223p-1, 0x1.3280p-44,
0x1.8be05bad619fap-1, 0x1.2b40p-43,
0x1.8cf3216b54383p-1, -0x1.ed00p-45,
0x1.8e06a5e08664cp-1, -0x1.0500p-45,
0x1.8f1ae99157807p-1, 0x1.8280p-45,
0x1.902fed0282c0ep-1, -0x1.cb00p-46,
0x1.9145b0b91ff96p-1, -0x1.5e00p-47,
0x1.925c353aa2ff9p-1, 0x1.5400p-48,
0x1.93737b0cdc64ap-1, 0x1.7200p-46,
0x1.948b82b5f98aep-1, -0x1.9000p-47,
0x1.95a44cbc852cbp-1, 0x1.5680p-45,
0x1.96bdd9a766f21p-1, -0x1.6d00p-44,
0x1.97d829fde4e2ap-1, -0x1.1000p-47,
0x1.98f33e47a23a3p-1, 0x1.d000p-45,
0x1.9a0f170ca0604p-1, -0x1.8a40p-44,
0x1.9b2bb4d53ff89p-1, 0x1.55c0p-44,
0x1.9c49182a3f15bp-1, 0x1.6b80p-45,
0x1.9d674194bb8c5p-1, -0x1.c000p-49,
0x1.9e86319e3238ep-1, 0x1.7d00p-46,
0x1.9fa5e8d07f302p-1, 0x1.6400p-46,
0x1.a0c667b5de54dp-1, -0x1.5000p-48,
0x1.a1e7aed8eb8f6p-1, 0x1.9e00p-47,
0x1.a309bec4a2e27p-1, 0x1.ad80p-45,
0x1.a42c980460a5dp-1, -0x1.af00p-46,
0x1.a5503b23e259bp-1, 0x1.b600p-47,
0x1.a674a8af46213p-1, 0x1.8880p-44,
0x1.a799e1330b3a7p-1, 0x1.1200p-46,
0x1.a8bfe53c12e8dp-1, 0x1.6c00p-47,
0x1.a9e6b5579fcd2p-1, -0x1.9b80p-45,
0x1.ab0e521356fb8p-1, 0x1.b700p-45,
0x1.ac36bbfd3f381p-1, 0x1.9000p-50,
0x1.ad5ff3a3c2780p-1, 0x1.4000p-49,
0x1.ae89f995ad2a3p-1, -0x1.c900p-45,
0x1.afb4ce622f367p-1, 0x1.6500p-46,
0x1.b0e07298db790p-1, 0x1.fd40p-45,
0x1.b20ce6c9a89a9p-1, 0x1.2700p-46,
0x1.b33a2b84f1a4bp-1, 0x1.d470p-43,
0x1.b468415b747e7p-1, -0x1.8380p-44,
0x1.b59728de5593ap-1, 0x1.8000p-54,
0x1.b6c6e29f1c56ap-1, 0x1.ad00p-47,
0x1.b7f76f2fb5e50p-1, 0x1.e800p-50,
0x1.b928cf22749b2p-1, -0x1.4c00p-47,
0x1.ba5b030a10603p-1, -0x1.d700p-47,
0x1.bb8e0b79a6f66p-1, 0x1.d900p-47,
0x1.bcc1e904bc1ffp-1, 0x1.2a00p-47,
0x1.bdf69c3f3a16fp-1, -0x1.f780p-46,
0x1.bf2c25bd71db8p-1, -0x1.0a00p-46,
0x1.c06286141b2e9p-1, -0x1.1400p-46,
0x1.c199bdd8552e0p-1, 0x1.be00p-47,
0x1.c2d1cd9fa64eep-1, -0x1.9400p-47,
0x1.c40ab5fffd02fp-1, -0x1.ed00p-47,
0x1.c544778fafd15p-1, 0x1.9660p-44,
0x1.c67f12e57d0cbp-1, -0x1.a100p-46,
0x1.c7ba88988c1b6p-1, -0x1.8458p-42,
0x1.c8f6d9406e733p-1, -0x1.a480p-46,
0x1.ca3405751c4dfp-1, 0x1.b000p-51,
0x1.cb720dcef9094p-1, 0x1.1400p-47,
0x1.ccb0f2e6d1689p-1, 0x1.0200p-48,
0x1.cdf0b555dc412p-1, 0x1.3600p-48,
0x1.cf3155b5bab3bp-1, -0x1.6900p-47,
0x1.d072d4a0789bcp-1, 0x1.9a00p-47,
0x1.d1b532b08c8fap-1, -0x1.5e00p-46,
0x1.d2f87080d8a85p-1, 0x1.d280p-46,
0x1.d43c8eacaa203p-1, 0x1.1a00p-47,
0x1.d5818dcfba491p-1, 0x1.f000p-50,
0x1.d6c76e862e6a1p-1, -0x1.3a00p-47,
0x1.d80e316c9834ep-1, -0x1.cd80p-47,
0x1.d955d71ff6090p-1, 0x1.4c00p-48,
0x1.da9e603db32aep-1, 0x1.f900p-48,
0x1.dbe7cd63a8325p-1, 0x1.9800p-49,
0x1.dd321f301b445p-1, -0x1.5200p-48,
0x1.de7d5641c05bfp-1, -0x1.d700p-46,
0x1.dfc97337b9aecp-1, -0x1.6140p-46,
0x1.e11676b197d5ep-1, 0x1.b480p-47,
0x1.e264614f5a3e7p-1, 0x1.0ce0p-43,
0x1.e3b333b16ee5cp-1, 0x1.c680p-47,
0x1.e502ee78b3fb4p-1, -0x1.9300p-47,
0x1.e653924676d68p-1, -0x1.5000p-49,
0x1.e7a51fbc74c44p-1, -0x1.7f80p-47,
0x1.e8f7977cdb726p-1, -0x1.3700p-48,
0x1.ea4afa2a490e8p-1, 0x1.5d00p-49,
0x1.eb9f4867ccae4p-1, 0x1.61a0p-46,
0x1.ecf482d8e680dp-1, 0x1.5500p-48,
0x1.ee4aaa2188514p-1, 0x1.6400p-51,
0x1.efa1bee615a13p-1, -0x1.e800p-49,
0x1.f0f9c1cb64106p-1, -0x1.a880p-48,
0x1.f252b376bb963p-1, -0x1.c900p-45,
0x1.f3ac948dd7275p-1, 0x1.a000p-53,
0x1.f50765b6e4524p-1, -0x1.4f00p-48,
0x1.f6632798844fdp-1, 0x1.a800p-51,
0x1.f7bfdad9cbe38p-1, 0x1.abc0p-48,
0x1.f91d802243c82p-1, -0x1.4600p-50,
0x1.fa7c1819e908ep-1, -0x1.b0c0p-47,
0x1.fbdba3692d511p-1, -0x1.0e00p-51,
0x1.fd3c22b8f7194p-1, -0x1.0de8p-46,
0x1.fe9d96b2a23eep-1, 0x1.e430p-49,
0x1.0000000000000p+0, 0x0.0000p+0,
0x1.00b1afa5abcbep+0, -0x1.3400p-52,
0x1.0163da9fb3303p+0, -0x1.2170p-46,
0x1.02168143b0282p+0, 0x1.a400p-52,
0x1.02c9a3e77806cp+0, 0x1.f980p-49,
0x1.037d42e11bbcap+0, -0x1.7400p-51,
0x1.04315e86e7f89p+0, 0x1.8300p-50,
0x1.04e5f72f65467p+0, -0x1.a3f0p-46,
0x1.059b0d315855ap+0, -0x1.2840p-47,
0x1.0650a0e3c1f95p+0, 0x1.1600p-48,
0x1.0706b29ddf71ap+0, 0x1.5240p-46,
0x1.07bd42b72a82dp+0, -0x1.9a00p-49,
0x1.0874518759bd0p+0, 0x1.6400p-49,
0x1.092bdf66607c8p+0, -0x1.0780p-47,
0x1.09e3ecac6f383p+0, -0x1.8000p-54,
0x1.0a9c79b1f3930p+0, 0x1.fa00p-48,
0x1.0b5586cf988fcp+0, -0x1.ac80p-48,
0x1.0c0f145e46c8ap+0, 0x1.9c00p-50,
0x1.0cc922b724816p+0, 0x1.5200p-47,
0x1.0d83b23395dd8p+0, -0x1.ad00p-48,
0x1.0e3ec32d3d1f3p+0, 0x1.bac0p-46,
0x1.0efa55fdfa9a6p+0, -0x1.4e80p-47,
0x1.0fb66affed2f0p+0, -0x1.d300p-47,
0x1.1073028d7234bp+0, 0x1.1500p-48,
0x1.11301d0125b5bp+0, 0x1.c000p-49,
0x1.11edbab5e2af9p+0, 0x1.6bc0p-46,
0x1.12abdc06c31d5p+0, 0x1.8400p-49,
0x1.136a814f2047dp+0, -0x1.ed00p-47,
0x1.1429aaea92de9p+0, 0x1.8e00p-49,
0x1.14e95934f3138p+0, 0x1.b400p-49,
0x1.15a98c8a58e71p+0, 0x1.5300p-47,
0x1.166a45471c3dfp+0, 0x1.3380p-47,
0x1.172b83c7d5211p+0, 0x1.8d40p-45,
0x1.17ed48695bb9fp+0, -0x1.5d00p-47,
0x1.18af9388c8d93p+0, -0x1.c880p-46,
0x1.1972658375d66p+0, 0x1.1f00p-46,
0x1.1a35beb6fcba7p+0, 0x1.0480p-46,
0x1.1af99f81387e3p+0, -0x1.7390p-43,
0x1.1bbe084045d54p+0, 0x1.4e40p-45,
0x1.1c82f95281c43p+0, -0x1.a200p-47,
0x1.1d4873168b9b2p+0, 0x1.3800p-49,
0x1.1e0e75eb44031p+0, 0x1.ac00p-49,
0x1.1ed5022fcd938p+0, 0x1.1900p-47,
0x1.1f9c18438cdf7p+0, -0x1.b780p-46,
0x1.2063b88628d8fp+0, 0x1.d940p-45,
0x1.212be3578a81ep+0, 0x1.8000p-50,
0x1.21f49917ddd41p+0, 0x1.b340p-45,
0x1.22bdda2791323p+0, 0x1.9f80p-46,
0x1.2387a6e7561e7p+0, -0x1.9c80p-46,
0x1.2451ffb821427p+0, 0x1.2300p-47,
0x1.251ce4fb2a602p+0, -0x1.3480p-46,
0x1.25e85711eceb0p+0, 0x1.2700p-46,
0x1.26b4565e27d16p+0, 0x1.1d00p-46,
0x1.2780e341de00fp+0, 0x1.1ee0p-44,
0x1.284dfe1f5633ep+0, -0x1.4c00p-46,
0x1.291ba7591bb30p+0, -0x1.3d80p-46,
0x1.29e9df51fdf09p+0, 0x1.8b00p-47,
0x1.2ab8a66d10e9bp+0, -0x1.27c0p-45,
0x1.2b87fd0dada3ap+0, 0x1.a340p-45,
0x1.2c57e39771af9p+0, -0x1.0800p-46,
0x1.2d285a6e402d9p+0, -0x1.ed00p-47,
0x1.2df961f641579p+0, -0x1.4200p-48,
0x1.2ecafa93e2ecfp+0, -0x1.4980p-45,
0x1.2f9d24abd8822p+0, -0x1.6300p-46,
0x1.306fe0a31b625p+0, -0x1.2360p-44,
0x1.31432edeea50bp+0, -0x1.0df8p-40,
0x1.32170fc4cd7b8p+0, -0x1.2480p-45,
0x1.32eb83ba8e9a2p+0, -0x1.5980p-45,
0x1.33c08b2641766p+0, 0x1.ed00p-46,
0x1.3496266e3fa27p+0, -0x1.c000p-50,
0x1.356c55f929f0fp+0, -0x1.0d80p-44,
0x1.36431a2de88b9p+0, 0x1.2c80p-45,
0x1.371a7373aaa39p+0, 0x1.0600p-45,
0x1.37f26231e74fep+0, -0x1.6600p-46,
0x1.38cae6d05d838p+0, -0x1.ae00p-47,
0x1.39a401b713ec3p+0, -0x1.4720p-43,
0x1.3a7db34e5a020p+0, 0x1.8200p-47,
0x1.3b57fbfec6e95p+0, 0x1.e800p-44,
0x1.3c32dc313a8f2p+0, 0x1.f800p-49,
0x1.3d0e544ede122p+0, -0x1.7a00p-46,
0x1.3dea64c1234bbp+0, 0x1.6300p-45,
0x1.3ec70df1c4eccp+0, -0x1.8a60p-43,
0x1.3fa4504ac7e8cp+0, -0x1.cdc0p-44,
0x1.40822c367a0bbp+0, 0x1.5b80p-45,
0x1.4160a21f72e95p+0, 0x1.ec00p-46,
0x1.423fb27094646p+0, -0x1.3600p-46,
0x1.431f5d950a920p+0, 0x1.3980p-45,
0x1.43ffa3f84b9ebp+0, 0x1.a000p-48,
0x1.44e0860618919p+0, -0x1.6c00p-48,
0x1.45c2042a7d201p+0, -0x1.bc00p-47,
0x1.46a41ed1d0016p+0, -0x1.2800p-46,
0x1.4786d668b3326p+0, 0x1.0e00p-44,
0x1.486a2b5c13c00p+0, -0x1.d400p-45,
0x1.494e1e192af04p+0, 0x1.c200p-47,
0x1.4a32af0d7d372p+0, -0x1.e500p-46,
0x1.4b17dea6db801p+0, 0x1.7800p-47,
0x1.4bfdad53629e1p+0, -0x1.3800p-46,
0x1.4ce41b817c132p+0, 0x1.0800p-47,
0x1.4dcb299fddddbp+0, 0x1.c700p-45,
0x1.4eb2d81d8ab96p+0, -0x1.ce00p-46,
0x1.4f9b2769d2d02p+0, 0x1.9200p-46,
0x1.508417f4531c1p+0, -0x1.8c00p-47,
0x1.516daa2cf662ap+0, -0x1.a000p-48,
0x1.5257de83f51eap+0, 0x1.a080p-43,
0x1.5342b569d4edap+0, -0x1.6d80p-45,
0x1.542e2f4f6ac1ap+0, -0x1.2440p-44,
0x1.551a4ca5d94dbp+0, 0x1.83c0p-43,
0x1.56070dde9116bp+0, 0x1.4b00p-45,
0x1.56f4736b529dep+0, 0x1.15a0p-43,
0x1.57e27dbe2c40ep+0, -0x1.9e00p-45,
0x1.58d12d497c76fp+0, -0x1.3080p-45,
0x1.59c0827ff0b4cp+0, 0x1.dec0p-43,
0x1.5ab07dd485427p+0, -0x1.4000p-51,
0x1.5ba11fba87af4p+0, 0x1.0080p-44,
0x1.5c9268a59460bp+0, -0x1.6c80p-45,
0x1.5d84590998e3fp+0, 0x1.69a0p-43,
0x1.5e76f15ad20e1p+0, -0x1.b400p-46,
0x1.5f6a320dcebcap+0, 0x1.7700p-46,
0x1.605e1b976dcb8p+0, 0x1.6f80p-45,
0x1.6152ae6cdf715p+0, 0x1.1000p-47,
0x1.6247eb03a5531p+0, -0x1.5d00p-46,
0x1.633dd1d1929b5p+0, -0x1.2d00p-46,
0x1.6434634ccc313p+0, -0x1.a800p-49,
0x1.652b9febc8efap+0, -0x1.8600p-45,
0x1.6623882553397p+0, 0x1.1fe0p-40,
0x1.671c1c708328ep+0, -0x1.7200p-44,
0x1.68155d44ca97ep+0, 0x1.6800p-49,
0x1.690f4b19e9471p+0, -0x1.9780p-45,
};
/*
* exp2(x): compute the base 2 exponential of x
*
* Accuracy: Peak error < 0.503 ulp for normalized results.
*
* Method: (accurate tables)
*
* Reduce x:
* x = 2**k + y, for integer k and |y| <= 1/2.
* Thus we have exp2(x) = 2**k * exp2(y).
*
* Reduce y:
* y = i/TBLSIZE + z - eps[i] for integer i near y * TBLSIZE.
* Thus we have exp2(y) = exp2(i/TBLSIZE) * exp2(z - eps[i]),
* with |z - eps[i]| <= 2**-9 + 2**-39 for the table used.
*
* We compute exp2(i/TBLSIZE) via table lookup and exp2(z - eps[i]) via
* a degree-5 minimax polynomial with maximum error under 1.3 * 2**-61.
* The values in exp2t[] and eps[] are chosen such that
* exp2t[i] = exp2(i/TBLSIZE + eps[i]), and eps[i] is a small offset such
* that exp2t[i] is accurate to 2**-64.
*
* Note that the range of i is +-TBLSIZE/2, so we actually index the tables
* by i0 = i + TBLSIZE/2. For cache efficiency, exp2t[] and eps[] are
* virtual tables, interleaved in the real table tbl[].
*
* This method is due to Gal, with many details due to Gal and Bachelis:
*
* Gal, S. and Bachelis, B. An Accurate Elementary Mathematical Library
* for the IEEE Floating Point Standard. TOMS 17(1), 26-46 (1991).
*/
double
exp2(double x)
{
double r, t, z;
uint32_t hx, hr, ix, lx, i0;
int k;
/* Filter out exceptional cases. */
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx & 0x7fffffff; /* high word of |x| */
if(ix >= 0x40900000) { /* |x| >= 1024 */
if(ix >= 0x7ff00000) {
GET_LOW_WORD(lx,x);
if(((ix & 0xfffff) | lx) != 0 || (hx & 0x80000000) == 0)
return (x); /* x is NaN or +Inf */
else
return (0.0); /* x is -Inf */
}
if(x >= 0x1.0p10)
return (huge * huge); /* overflow */
if(x <= -0x1.0ccp10)
return (twom1000 * twom1000); /* underflow */
} else if (ix < 0x3c900000) { /* |x| < 0x1p-54 */
return (1.0 + x);
}
/* Reduce x, computing z, i0, and k. */
t = x + redux;
GET_LOW_WORD(i0, t);
i0 += TBLSIZE / 2;
k = (i0 >> TBLBITS) << 20;
i0 = (i0 & (TBLSIZE - 1)) << 1;
t -= redux;
z = x - t;
/* Compute r = exp2(y) = exp2t[i0] * p(z - eps[i]). */
t = tbl[i0]; /* exp2t[i0] */
z -= tbl[i0 + 1]; /* eps[i0] */
r = t + t * z * (P1 + z * (P2 + z * (P3 + z * (P4 + z * P5))));
/* Scale by 2**(k>>20). */
if(k >= -1021 << 20) {
if (k != 0) {
GET_HIGH_WORD(hr, r);
SET_HIGH_WORD(r, hr + k);
}
return (r);
} else {
GET_HIGH_WORD(hr, r);
SET_HIGH_WORD(r, hr + (k + (1000 << 20)));
return (r * twom1000);
}
}

141
libm/src/s_exp2f.c Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
/*-
* Copyright (c) 2005 David Schultz <das@FreeBSD.ORG>
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
/* __FBSDID("$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_exp2f.c,v 1.1 2005/04/05 02:57:15 das Exp $"); */
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
#define TBLBITS 4
#define TBLSIZE (1 << TBLBITS)
static const float
huge = 0x1p100f,
twom100 = 0x1p-100f,
redux = 0x1.8p23f / TBLSIZE,
P1 = 0x1.62e430p-1f,
P2 = 0x1.ebfbe0p-3f,
P3 = 0x1.c6b348p-5f,
P4 = 0x1.3b2c9cp-7f;
static const double exp2ft[TBLSIZE] = {
0x1.6a09e667f3bcdp-1,
0x1.7a11473eb0187p-1,
0x1.8ace5422aa0dbp-1,
0x1.9c49182a3f090p-1,
0x1.ae89f995ad3adp-1,
0x1.c199bdd85529cp-1,
0x1.d5818dcfba487p-1,
0x1.ea4afa2a490dap-1,
0x1.0000000000000p+0,
0x1.0b5586cf9890fp+0,
0x1.172b83c7d517bp+0,
0x1.2387a6e756238p+0,
0x1.306fe0a31b715p+0,
0x1.3dea64c123422p+0,
0x1.4bfdad5362a27p+0,
0x1.5ab07dd485429p+0,
};
/*
* exp2f(x): compute the base 2 exponential of x
*
* Accuracy: Peak error < 0.501 ulp; location of peak: -0.030110927.
*
* Method: (equally-spaced tables)
*
* Reduce x:
* x = 2**k + y, for integer k and |y| <= 1/2.
* Thus we have exp2f(x) = 2**k * exp2(y).
*
* Reduce y:
* y = i/TBLSIZE + z for integer i near y * TBLSIZE.
* Thus we have exp2(y) = exp2(i/TBLSIZE) * exp2(z),
* with |z| <= 2**-(TBLSIZE+1).
*
* We compute exp2(i/TBLSIZE) via table lookup and exp2(z) via a
* degree-4 minimax polynomial with maximum error under 1.4 * 2**-33.
* Using double precision in the final calculation avoids roundoff error.
*
* This method is due to Tang, but I do not use his suggested parameters:
*
* Tang, P. Table-driven Implementation of the Exponential Function
* in IEEE Floating-Point Arithmetic. TOMS 15(2), 144-157 (1989).
*/
float
exp2f(float x)
{
double tv;
float r, z;
volatile float t; /* prevent gcc from using too much precision */
uint32_t hx, hr, ix, i0;
int32_t k;
/* Filter out exceptional cases. */
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx & 0x7fffffff; /* high word of |x| */
if(ix >= 0x43000000) { /* |x| >= 128 */
if(ix >= 0x7f800000) {
if ((ix & 0x7fffff) != 0 || (hx & 0x80000000) == 0)
return (x); /* x is NaN or +Inf */
else
return (0.0); /* x is -Inf */
}
if(x >= 0x1.0p7f)
return (huge * huge); /* overflow */
if(x <= -0x1.2cp7f)
return (twom100 * twom100); /* underflow */
} else if (ix <= 0x33000000) { /* |x| <= 0x1p-25 */
return (1.0f + x);
}
/* Reduce x, computing z, i0, and k. */
t = x + redux;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(i0, t);
i0 += TBLSIZE / 2;
k = (i0 >> TBLBITS) << 23;
i0 &= TBLSIZE - 1;
t -= redux;
z = x - t;
/* Compute r = exp2(y) = exp2ft[i0] * p(z). */
tv = exp2ft[i0];
r = tv + tv * (z * (P1 + z * (P2 + z * (P3 + z * P4))));
/* Scale by 2**(k>>23). */
if(k >= -125 << 23) {
if (k != 0) {
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hr, r);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(r, hr + k);
}
return (r);
} else {
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hr, r);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(r, hr + (k + (100 << 23)));
return (r * twom100);
}
}

220
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/* @(#)s_expm1.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_expm1.c,v 1.7 2002/05/28 18:15:04 alfred Exp $";
#endif
/* expm1(x)
* Returns exp(x)-1, the exponential of x minus 1.
*
* Method
* 1. Argument reduction:
* Given x, find r and integer k such that
*
* x = k*ln2 + r, |r| <= 0.5*ln2 ~ 0.34658
*
* Here a correction term c will be computed to compensate
* the error in r when rounded to a floating-point number.
*
* 2. Approximating expm1(r) by a special rational function on
* the interval [0,0.34658]:
* Since
* r*(exp(r)+1)/(exp(r)-1) = 2+ r^2/6 - r^4/360 + ...
* we define R1(r*r) by
* r*(exp(r)+1)/(exp(r)-1) = 2+ r^2/6 * R1(r*r)
* That is,
* R1(r**2) = 6/r *((exp(r)+1)/(exp(r)-1) - 2/r)
* = 6/r * ( 1 + 2.0*(1/(exp(r)-1) - 1/r))
* = 1 - r^2/60 + r^4/2520 - r^6/100800 + ...
* We use a special Reme algorithm on [0,0.347] to generate
* a polynomial of degree 5 in r*r to approximate R1. The
* maximum error of this polynomial approximation is bounded
* by 2**-61. In other words,
* R1(z) ~ 1.0 + Q1*z + Q2*z**2 + Q3*z**3 + Q4*z**4 + Q5*z**5
* where Q1 = -1.6666666666666567384E-2,
* Q2 = 3.9682539681370365873E-4,
* Q3 = -9.9206344733435987357E-6,
* Q4 = 2.5051361420808517002E-7,
* Q5 = -6.2843505682382617102E-9;
* (where z=r*r, and the values of Q1 to Q5 are listed below)
* with error bounded by
* | 5 | -61
* | 1.0+Q1*z+...+Q5*z - R1(z) | <= 2
* | |
*
* expm1(r) = exp(r)-1 is then computed by the following
* specific way which minimize the accumulation rounding error:
* 2 3
* r r [ 3 - (R1 + R1*r/2) ]
* expm1(r) = r + --- + --- * [--------------------]
* 2 2 [ 6 - r*(3 - R1*r/2) ]
*
* To compensate the error in the argument reduction, we use
* expm1(r+c) = expm1(r) + c + expm1(r)*c
* ~ expm1(r) + c + r*c
* Thus c+r*c will be added in as the correction terms for
* expm1(r+c). Now rearrange the term to avoid optimization
* screw up:
* ( 2 2 )
* ({ ( r [ R1 - (3 - R1*r/2) ] ) } r )
* expm1(r+c)~r - ({r*(--- * [--------------------]-c)-c} - --- )
* ({ ( 2 [ 6 - r*(3 - R1*r/2) ] ) } 2 )
* ( )
*
* = r - E
* 3. Scale back to obtain expm1(x):
* From step 1, we have
* expm1(x) = either 2^k*[expm1(r)+1] - 1
* = or 2^k*[expm1(r) + (1-2^-k)]
* 4. Implementation notes:
* (A). To save one multiplication, we scale the coefficient Qi
* to Qi*2^i, and replace z by (x^2)/2.
* (B). To achieve maximum accuracy, we compute expm1(x) by
* (i) if x < -56*ln2, return -1.0, (raise inexact if x!=inf)
* (ii) if k=0, return r-E
* (iii) if k=-1, return 0.5*(r-E)-0.5
* (iv) if k=1 if r < -0.25, return 2*((r+0.5)- E)
* else return 1.0+2.0*(r-E);
* (v) if (k<-2||k>56) return 2^k(1-(E-r)) - 1 (or exp(x)-1)
* (vi) if k <= 20, return 2^k((1-2^-k)-(E-r)), else
* (vii) return 2^k(1-((E+2^-k)-r))
*
* Special cases:
* expm1(INF) is INF, expm1(NaN) is NaN;
* expm1(-INF) is -1, and
* for finite argument, only expm1(0)=0 is exact.
*
* Accuracy:
* according to an error analysis, the error is always less than
* 1 ulp (unit in the last place).
*
* Misc. info.
* For IEEE double
* if x > 7.09782712893383973096e+02 then expm1(x) overflow
*
* Constants:
* The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
* constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
* compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
* to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double
one = 1.0,
huge = 1.0e+300,
tiny = 1.0e-300,
o_threshold = 7.09782712893383973096e+02,/* 0x40862E42, 0xFEFA39EF */
ln2_hi = 6.93147180369123816490e-01,/* 0x3fe62e42, 0xfee00000 */
ln2_lo = 1.90821492927058770002e-10,/* 0x3dea39ef, 0x35793c76 */
invln2 = 1.44269504088896338700e+00,/* 0x3ff71547, 0x652b82fe */
/* scaled coefficients related to expm1 */
Q1 = -3.33333333333331316428e-02, /* BFA11111 111110F4 */
Q2 = 1.58730158725481460165e-03, /* 3F5A01A0 19FE5585 */
Q3 = -7.93650757867487942473e-05, /* BF14CE19 9EAADBB7 */
Q4 = 4.00821782732936239552e-06, /* 3ED0CFCA 86E65239 */
Q5 = -2.01099218183624371326e-07; /* BE8AFDB7 6E09C32D */
double
expm1(double x)
{
double y,hi,lo,c,t,e,hxs,hfx,r1;
int32_t k,xsb;
u_int32_t hx;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
xsb = hx&0x80000000; /* sign bit of x */
if(xsb==0) y=x; else y= -x; /* y = |x| */
hx &= 0x7fffffff; /* high word of |x| */
/* filter out huge and non-finite argument */
if(hx >= 0x4043687A) { /* if |x|>=56*ln2 */
if(hx >= 0x40862E42) { /* if |x|>=709.78... */
if(hx>=0x7ff00000) {
u_int32_t low;
GET_LOW_WORD(low,x);
if(((hx&0xfffff)|low)!=0)
return x+x; /* NaN */
else return (xsb==0)? x:-1.0;/* exp(+-inf)={inf,-1} */
}
if(x > o_threshold) return huge*huge; /* overflow */
}
if(xsb!=0) { /* x < -56*ln2, return -1.0 with inexact */
if(x+tiny<0.0) /* raise inexact */
return tiny-one; /* return -1 */
}
}
/* argument reduction */
if(hx > 0x3fd62e42) { /* if |x| > 0.5 ln2 */
if(hx < 0x3FF0A2B2) { /* and |x| < 1.5 ln2 */
if(xsb==0)
{hi = x - ln2_hi; lo = ln2_lo; k = 1;}
else
{hi = x + ln2_hi; lo = -ln2_lo; k = -1;}
} else {
k = invln2*x+((xsb==0)?0.5:-0.5);
t = k;
hi = x - t*ln2_hi; /* t*ln2_hi is exact here */
lo = t*ln2_lo;
}
x = hi - lo;
c = (hi-x)-lo;
}
else if(hx < 0x3c900000) { /* when |x|<2**-54, return x */
t = huge+x; /* return x with inexact flags when x!=0 */
return x - (t-(huge+x));
}
else k = 0;
/* x is now in primary range */
hfx = 0.5*x;
hxs = x*hfx;
r1 = one+hxs*(Q1+hxs*(Q2+hxs*(Q3+hxs*(Q4+hxs*Q5))));
t = 3.0-r1*hfx;
e = hxs*((r1-t)/(6.0 - x*t));
if(k==0) return x - (x*e-hxs); /* c is 0 */
else {
e = (x*(e-c)-c);
e -= hxs;
if(k== -1) return 0.5*(x-e)-0.5;
if(k==1)
if(x < -0.25) return -2.0*(e-(x+0.5));
else return one+2.0*(x-e);
if (k <= -2 || k>56) { /* suffice to return exp(x)-1 */
u_int32_t high;
y = one-(e-x);
GET_HIGH_WORD(high,y);
SET_HIGH_WORD(y,high+(k<<20)); /* add k to y's exponent */
return y-one;
}
t = one;
if(k<20) {
u_int32_t high;
SET_HIGH_WORD(t,0x3ff00000 - (0x200000>>k)); /* t=1-2^-k */
y = t-(e-x);
GET_HIGH_WORD(high,y);
SET_HIGH_WORD(y,high+(k<<20)); /* add k to y's exponent */
} else {
u_int32_t high;
SET_HIGH_WORD(t,((0x3ff-k)<<20)); /* 2^-k */
y = x-(e+t);
y += one;
GET_HIGH_WORD(high,y);
SET_HIGH_WORD(y,high+(k<<20)); /* add k to y's exponent */
}
}
return y;
}

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/* s_expm1f.c -- float version of s_expm1.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_expm1f.c,v 1.7 2002/05/28 18:15:04 alfred Exp $";
#endif
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float
one = 1.0,
huge = 1.0e+30,
tiny = 1.0e-30,
o_threshold = 8.8721679688e+01,/* 0x42b17180 */
ln2_hi = 6.9313812256e-01,/* 0x3f317180 */
ln2_lo = 9.0580006145e-06,/* 0x3717f7d1 */
invln2 = 1.4426950216e+00,/* 0x3fb8aa3b */
/* scaled coefficients related to expm1 */
Q1 = -3.3333335072e-02, /* 0xbd088889 */
Q2 = 1.5873016091e-03, /* 0x3ad00d01 */
Q3 = -7.9365076090e-05, /* 0xb8a670cd */
Q4 = 4.0082177293e-06, /* 0x36867e54 */
Q5 = -2.0109921195e-07; /* 0xb457edbb */
float
expm1f(float x)
{
float y,hi,lo,c,t,e,hxs,hfx,r1;
int32_t k,xsb;
u_int32_t hx;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
xsb = hx&0x80000000; /* sign bit of x */
if(xsb==0) y=x; else y= -x; /* y = |x| */
hx &= 0x7fffffff; /* high word of |x| */
/* filter out huge and non-finite argument */
if(hx >= 0x4195b844) { /* if |x|>=27*ln2 */
if(hx >= 0x42b17218) { /* if |x|>=88.721... */
if(hx>0x7f800000)
return x+x; /* NaN */
if(hx==0x7f800000)
return (xsb==0)? x:-1.0;/* exp(+-inf)={inf,-1} */
if(x > o_threshold) return huge*huge; /* overflow */
}
if(xsb!=0) { /* x < -27*ln2, return -1.0 with inexact */
if(x+tiny<(float)0.0) /* raise inexact */
return tiny-one; /* return -1 */
}
}
/* argument reduction */
if(hx > 0x3eb17218) { /* if |x| > 0.5 ln2 */
if(hx < 0x3F851592) { /* and |x| < 1.5 ln2 */
if(xsb==0)
{hi = x - ln2_hi; lo = ln2_lo; k = 1;}
else
{hi = x + ln2_hi; lo = -ln2_lo; k = -1;}
} else {
k = invln2*x+((xsb==0)?(float)0.5:(float)-0.5);
t = k;
hi = x - t*ln2_hi; /* t*ln2_hi is exact here */
lo = t*ln2_lo;
}
x = hi - lo;
c = (hi-x)-lo;
}
else if(hx < 0x33000000) { /* when |x|<2**-25, return x */
t = huge+x; /* return x with inexact flags when x!=0 */
return x - (t-(huge+x));
}
else k = 0;
/* x is now in primary range */
hfx = (float)0.5*x;
hxs = x*hfx;
r1 = one+hxs*(Q1+hxs*(Q2+hxs*(Q3+hxs*(Q4+hxs*Q5))));
t = (float)3.0-r1*hfx;
e = hxs*((r1-t)/((float)6.0 - x*t));
if(k==0) return x - (x*e-hxs); /* c is 0 */
else {
e = (x*(e-c)-c);
e -= hxs;
if(k== -1) return (float)0.5*(x-e)-(float)0.5;
if(k==1)
if(x < (float)-0.25) return -(float)2.0*(e-(x+(float)0.5));
else return one+(float)2.0*(x-e);
if (k <= -2 || k>56) { /* suffice to return exp(x)-1 */
int32_t i;
y = one-(e-x);
GET_FLOAT_WORD(i,y);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(y,i+(k<<23)); /* add k to y's exponent */
return y-one;
}
t = one;
if(k<23) {
int32_t i;
SET_FLOAT_WORD(t,0x3f800000 - (0x1000000>>k)); /* t=1-2^-k */
y = t-(e-x);
GET_FLOAT_WORD(i,y);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(y,i+(k<<23)); /* add k to y's exponent */
} else {
int32_t i;
SET_FLOAT_WORD(t,((0x7f-k)<<23)); /* 2^-k */
y = x-(e+t);
y += one;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(i,y);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(y,i+(k<<23)); /* add k to y's exponent */
}
}
return y;
}

31
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/* @(#)s_fabs.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_fabs.c,v 1.7 2002/05/28 18:15:04 alfred Exp $";
#endif
/*
* fabs(x) returns the absolute value of x.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
double
fabs(double x)
{
u_int32_t high;
GET_HIGH_WORD(high,x);
SET_HIGH_WORD(x,high&0x7fffffff);
return x;
}

34
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/* s_fabsf.c -- float version of s_fabs.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_fabsf.c,v 1.7 2002/05/28 18:15:04 alfred Exp $";
#endif
/*
* fabsf(x) returns the absolute value of x.
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
float
fabsf(float x)
{
u_int32_t ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(ix,x);
SET_FLOAT_WORD(x,ix&0x7fffffff);
return x;
}

43
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/*-
* Copyright (c) 2003 Dag-Erling Co<43>dan Sm<53>rgrav
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
* in this position and unchanged.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
* derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
* NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_fabsl.c,v 1.2 2003/10/25 19:53:28 des Exp $
*/
#include <math.h>
#include "fpmath.h"
long double
fabsl(long double x)
{
union IEEEl2bits u;
u.e = x;
u.bits.sign = 0;
return (u.e);
}

46
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/*-
* Copyright (c) 2004 David Schultz <das@FreeBSD.ORG>
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
/* __FBSDID("$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_fdim.c,v 1.1 2004/06/30 07:04:01 das Exp $"); */
#include <math.h>
#define DECL(type, fn) \
type \
fn(type x, type y) \
{ \
\
if (isnan(x)) \
return (x); \
if (isnan(y)) \
return (y); \
return (x > y ? x - y : 0.0); \
}
DECL(double, fdim)
DECL(float, fdimf)
DECL(long double, fdiml)

30
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/* @(#)s_finite.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_finite.c,v 1.8 2003/07/23 04:53:46 peter Exp $";
#endif
/*
* finite(x) returns 1 is x is finite, else 0;
* no branching!
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
int finite(double x)
{
int32_t hx;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
return (int)((u_int32_t)((hx&0x7fffffff)-0x7ff00000)>>31);
}

33
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/* s_finitef.c -- float version of s_finite.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_finitef.c,v 1.6 2002/05/28 17:51:46 alfred Exp $";
#endif
/*
* finitef(x) returns 1 is x is finite, else 0;
* no branching!
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
int finitef(float x)
{
int32_t ix;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(ix,x);
return (int)((u_int32_t)((ix&0x7fffffff)-0x7f800000)>>31);
}

73
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/* @(#)s_floor.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_floor.c,v 1.9 2003/07/23 04:53:46 peter Exp $";
#endif
/*
* floor(x)
* Return x rounded toward -inf to integral value
* Method:
* Bit twiddling.
* Exception:
* Inexact flag raised if x not equal to floor(x).
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const double huge = 1.0e300;
double
floor(double x)
{
int32_t i0,i1,j0;
u_int32_t i,j;
EXTRACT_WORDS(i0,i1,x);
j0 = ((i0>>20)&0x7ff)-0x3ff;
if(j0<20) {
if(j0<0) { /* raise inexact if x != 0 */
if(huge+x>0.0) {/* return 0*sign(x) if |x|<1 */
if(i0>=0) {i0=i1=0;}
else if(((i0&0x7fffffff)|i1)!=0)
{ i0=0xbff00000;i1=0;}
}
} else {
i = (0x000fffff)>>j0;
if(((i0&i)|i1)==0) return x; /* x is integral */
if(huge+x>0.0) { /* raise inexact flag */
if(i0<0) i0 += (0x00100000)>>j0;
i0 &= (~i); i1=0;
}
}
} else if (j0>51) {
if(j0==0x400) return x+x; /* inf or NaN */
else return x; /* x is integral */
} else {
i = ((u_int32_t)(0xffffffff))>>(j0-20);
if((i1&i)==0) return x; /* x is integral */
if(huge+x>0.0) { /* raise inexact flag */
if(i0<0) {
if(j0==20) i0+=1;
else {
j = i1+(1<<(52-j0));
if(j<i1) i0 +=1 ; /* got a carry */
i1=j;
}
}
i1 &= (~i);
}
}
INSERT_WORDS(x,i0,i1);
return x;
}

62
libm/src/s_floorf.c Normal file
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/* s_floorf.c -- float version of s_floor.c.
* Conversion to float by Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, ian@cygnus.com.
*/
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_floorf.c,v 1.7 2002/05/28 18:15:04 alfred Exp $";
#endif
/*
* floorf(x)
* Return x rounded toward -inf to integral value
* Method:
* Bit twiddling.
* Exception:
* Inexact flag raised if x not equal to floorf(x).
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
static const float huge = 1.0e30;
float
floorf(float x)
{
int32_t i0,j0;
u_int32_t i;
GET_FLOAT_WORD(i0,x);
j0 = ((i0>>23)&0xff)-0x7f;
if(j0<23) {
if(j0<0) { /* raise inexact if x != 0 */
if(huge+x>(float)0.0) {/* return 0*sign(x) if |x|<1 */
if(i0>=0) {i0=0;}
else if((i0&0x7fffffff)!=0)
{ i0=0xbf800000;}
}
} else {
i = (0x007fffff)>>j0;
if((i0&i)==0) return x; /* x is integral */
if(huge+x>(float)0.0) { /* raise inexact flag */
if(i0<0) i0 += (0x00800000)>>j0;
i0 &= (~i);
}
}
} else {
if(j0==0x80) return x+x; /* inf or NaN */
else return x; /* x is integral */
}
SET_FLOAT_WORD(x,i0);
return x;
}

102
libm/src/s_floorl.c Normal file
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/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*
* From: @(#)s_floor.c 5.1 93/09/24
*/
#ifndef lint
static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_floorl.c,v 1.4 2005/04/28 19:45:55 stefanf Exp $";
#endif
/*
* floorl(x)
* Return x rounded toward -inf to integral value
* Method:
* Bit twiddling.
* Exception:
* Inexact flag raised if x not equal to floorl(x).
*/
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include "fpmath.h"
#ifdef LDBL_IMPLICIT_NBIT
#define MANH_SIZE (LDBL_MANH_SIZE + 1)
#define INC_MANH(u, c) do { \
uint64_t o = u.bits.manh; \
u.bits.manh += (c); \
if (u.bits.manh < o) \
u.bits.exp++; \
} while (0)
#else
#define MANH_SIZE LDBL_MANH_SIZE
#define INC_MANH(u, c) do { \
uint64_t o = u.bits.manh; \
u.bits.manh += (c); \
if (u.bits.manh < o) { \
u.bits.exp++; \
u.bits.manh |= 1llu << (LDBL_MANH_SIZE - 1); \
} \
} while (0)
#endif
static const long double huge = 1.0e300;
long double
floorl(long double x)
{
union IEEEl2bits u = { .e = x };
int e = u.bits.exp - LDBL_MAX_EXP + 1;
if (e < MANH_SIZE - 1) {
if (e < 0) { /* raise inexact if x != 0 */
if (huge + x > 0.0)
if (u.bits.exp > 0 ||
(u.bits.manh | u.bits.manl) != 0)
u.e = u.bits.sign ? -1.0 : 0.0;
} else {
uint64_t m = ((1llu << MANH_SIZE) - 1) >> (e + 1);
if (((u.bits.manh & m) | u.bits.manl) == 0)
return (x); /* x is integral */
if (u.bits.sign) {
#ifdef LDBL_IMPLICIT_NBIT
if (e == 0)
u.bits.exp++;
else
#endif
INC_MANH(u, 1llu << (MANH_SIZE - e - 1));
}
if (huge + x > 0.0) { /* raise inexact flag */
u.bits.manh &= ~m;
u.bits.manl = 0;
}
}
} else if (e < LDBL_MANT_DIG - 1) {
uint64_t m = (uint64_t)-1 >> (64 - LDBL_MANT_DIG + e + 1);
if ((u.bits.manl & m) == 0)
return (x); /* x is integral */
if (u.bits.sign) {
if (e == MANH_SIZE - 1)
INC_MANH(u, 1);
else {
uint64_t o = u.bits.manl;
u.bits.manl += 1llu << (LDBL_MANT_DIG - e - 1);
if (u.bits.manl < o) /* got a carry */
INC_MANH(u, 1);
}
}
if (huge + x > 0.0) /* raise inexact flag */
u.bits.manl &= ~m;
}
return (u.e);
}

202
libm/src/s_fma.c Normal file
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/*-
* Copyright (c) 2005 David Schultz <das@FreeBSD.ORG>
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
/* __FBSDID("$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_fma.c,v 1.4 2005/03/18 02:27:59 das Exp $"); */
#include <fenv.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
/*
* Fused multiply-add: Compute x * y + z with a single rounding error.
*
* We use scaling to avoid overflow/underflow, along with the
* canonical precision-doubling technique adapted from:
*
* Dekker, T. A Floating-Point Technique for Extending the
* Available Precision. Numer. Math. 18, 224-242 (1971).
*
* This algorithm is sensitive to the rounding precision. FPUs such
* as the i387 must be set in double-precision mode if variables are
* to be stored in FP registers in order to avoid incorrect results.
* This is the default on FreeBSD, but not on many other systems.
*
* Hardware instructions should be used on architectures that support it,
* since this implementation will likely be several times slower.
*/
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG != 113
double
fma(double x, double y, double z)
{
static const double split = 0x1p27 + 1.0;
double xs, ys, zs;
double c, cc, hx, hy, p, q, tx, ty;
double r, rr, s;
int oround;
int ex, ey, ez;
int spread;
if (z == 0.0)
return (x * y);
if (x == 0.0 || y == 0.0)
return (x * y + z);
/* Results of frexp() are undefined for these cases. */
if (!isfinite(x) || !isfinite(y) || !isfinite(z))
return (x * y + z);
xs = frexp(x, &ex);
ys = frexp(y, &ey);
zs = frexp(z, &ez);
oround = fegetround();
spread = ex + ey - ez;
/*
* If x * y and z are many orders of magnitude apart, the scaling
* will overflow, so we handle these cases specially. Rounding
* modes other than FE_TONEAREST are painful.
*/
if (spread > DBL_MANT_DIG * 2) {
fenv_t env;
feraiseexcept(FE_INEXACT);
switch(oround) {
case FE_TONEAREST:
return (x * y);
case FE_TOWARDZERO:
if (x > 0.0 ^ y < 0.0 ^ z < 0.0)
return (x * y);
feholdexcept(&env);
r = x * y;
if (!fetestexcept(FE_INEXACT))
r = nextafter(r, 0);
feupdateenv(&env);
return (r);
case FE_DOWNWARD:
if (z > 0.0)
return (x * y);
feholdexcept(&env);
r = x * y;
if (!fetestexcept(FE_INEXACT))
r = nextafter(r, -INFINITY);
feupdateenv(&env);
return (r);
default: /* FE_UPWARD */
if (z < 0.0)
return (x * y);
feholdexcept(&env);
r = x * y;
if (!fetestexcept(FE_INEXACT))
r = nextafter(r, INFINITY);
feupdateenv(&env);
return (r);
}
}
if (spread < -DBL_MANT_DIG) {
feraiseexcept(FE_INEXACT);
if (!isnormal(z))
feraiseexcept(FE_UNDERFLOW);
switch (oround) {
case FE_TONEAREST:
return (z);
case FE_TOWARDZERO:
if (x > 0.0 ^ y < 0.0 ^ z < 0.0)
return (z);
else
return (nextafter(z, 0));
case FE_DOWNWARD:
if (x > 0.0 ^ y < 0.0)
return (z);
else
return (nextafter(z, -INFINITY));
default: /* FE_UPWARD */
if (x > 0.0 ^ y < 0.0)
return (nextafter(z, INFINITY));
else
return (z);
}
}
/*
* Use Dekker's algorithm to perform the multiplication and
* subsequent addition in twice the machine precision.
* Arrange so that x * y = c + cc, and x * y + z = r + rr.
*/
fesetround(FE_TONEAREST);
p = xs * split;
hx = xs - p;
hx += p;
tx = xs - hx;
p = ys * split;
hy = ys - p;
hy += p;
ty = ys - hy;
p = hx * hy;
q = hx * ty + tx * hy;
c = p + q;
cc = p - c + q + tx * ty;
zs = ldexp(zs, -spread);
r = c + zs;
s = r - c;
rr = (c - (r - s)) + (zs - s) + cc;
spread = ex + ey;
if (spread + ilogb(r) > -1023) {
fesetround(oround);
r = r + rr;
} else {
/*
* The result is subnormal, so we round before scaling to
* avoid double rounding.
*/
p = ldexp(copysign(0x1p-1022, r), -spread);
c = r + p;
s = c - r;
cc = (r - (c - s)) + (p - s) + rr;
fesetround(oround);
r = (c + cc) - p;
}
return (ldexp(r, spread));
}
#else /* LDBL_MANT_DIG == 113 */
/*
* 113 bits of precision is more than twice the precision of a double,
* so it is enough to represent the intermediate product exactly.
*/
double
fma(double x, double y, double z)
{
return ((long double)x * y + z);
}
#endif /* LDBL_MANT_DIG != 113 */
#if (LDBL_MANT_DIG == 53)
__weak_reference(fma, fmal);
#endif

47
libm/src/s_fmaf.c Normal file
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/*-
* Copyright (c) 2005 David Schultz <das@FreeBSD.ORG>
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
/* __FBSDID("$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_fmaf.c,v 1.1 2005/01/22 09:53:18 das Exp $"); */
/*
* Fused multiply-add: Compute x * y + z with a single rounding error.
*
* A double has more than twice as much precision than a float, so
* direct double-precision arithmetic suffices.
*
* XXX We are relying on the compiler to convert from double to float
* using the current rounding mode and with the appropriate
* side-effects. But on at least one platform (gcc 3.4.2/sparc64),
* this appears to be too much to ask for. The precision
* reduction should be done manually.
*/
float
fmaf(float x, float y, float z)
{
return ((double)x * y + z);
}

182
libm/src/s_fmal.c Normal file
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/*-
* Copyright (c) 2005 David Schultz <das@FreeBSD.ORG>
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
/* __FBSDID("$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/s_fmal.c,v 1.2 2005/03/18 02:27:59 das Exp $"); */
#include <fenv.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
/*
* Fused multiply-add: Compute x * y + z with a single rounding error.
*
* We use scaling to avoid overflow/underflow, along with the
* canonical precision-doubling technique adapted from:
*
* Dekker, T. A Floating-Point Technique for Extending the
* Available Precision. Numer. Math. 18, 224-242 (1971).
*/
long double
fmal(long double x, long double y, long double z)
{
#if LDBL_MANT_DIG == 64
static const long double split = 0x1p32L + 1.0;
#elif LDBL_MANT_DIG == 113
static const long double split = 0x1p57L + 1.0;
#endif
long double xs, ys, zs;
long double c, cc, hx, hy, p, q, tx, ty;
long double r, rr, s;
int oround;
int ex, ey, ez;
int spread;
if (z == 0.0)
return (x * y);
if (x == 0.0 || y == 0.0)
return (x * y + z);
/* Results of frexp() are undefined for these cases. */
if (!isfinite(x) || !isfinite(y) || !isfinite(z))
return (x * y + z);
xs = frexpl(x, &ex);
ys = frexpl(y, &ey);
zs = frexpl(z, &ez);
oround = fegetround();
spread = ex + ey - ez;
/*
* If x * y and z are many orders of magnitude apart, the scaling
* will overflow, so we handle these cases specially. Rounding
* modes other than FE_TONEAREST are painful.
*/
if (spread > LDBL_MANT_DIG * 2) {
fenv_t env;
feraiseexcept(FE_INEXACT);
switch(oround) {
case FE_TONEAREST:
return (x * y);
case FE_TOWARDZERO:
if (x > 0.0 ^ y < 0.0 ^ z < 0.0)
return (x * y);
feholdexcept(&env);
r = x * y;
if (!fetestexcept(FE_INEXACT))
r = nextafterl(r, 0);
feupdateenv(&env);
return (r);
case FE_DOWNWARD:
if (z > 0.0)
return (x * y);
feholdexcept(&env);
r = x * y;
if (!fetestexcept(FE_INEXACT))
r = nextafterl(r, -INFINITY);
feupdateenv(&env);
return (r);
default: /* FE_UPWARD */
if (z < 0.0)
return (x * y);
feholdexcept(&env);
r = x * y;
if (!fetestexcept(FE_INEXACT))
r = nextafterl(r, INFINITY);
feupdateenv(&env);
return (r);
}
}
if (spread < -LDBL_MANT_DIG) {
feraiseexcept(FE_INEXACT);
if (!isnormal(z))
feraiseexcept(FE_UNDERFLOW);
switch (oround) {
case FE_TONEAREST:
return (z);
case FE_TOWARDZERO:
if (x > 0.0 ^ y < 0.0 ^ z < 0.0)
return (z);
else
return (nextafterl(z, 0));
case FE_DOWNWARD:
if (x > 0.0 ^ y < 0.0)
return (z);
else
return (nextafterl(z, -INFINITY));
default: /* FE_UPWARD */
if (x > 0.0 ^ y < 0.0)
return (nextafterl(z, INFINITY));
else
return (z);
}
}
/*
* Use Dekker's algorithm to perform the multiplication and
* subsequent addition in twice the machine precision.
* Arrange so that x * y = c + cc, and x * y + z = r + rr.
*/
fesetround(FE_TONEAREST);
p = xs * split;
hx = xs - p;
hx += p;
tx = xs - hx;
p = ys * split;
hy = ys - p;
hy += p;
ty = ys - hy;
p = hx * hy;
q = hx * ty + tx * hy;
c = p + q;
cc = p - c + q + tx * ty;
zs = ldexpl(zs, -spread);
r = c + zs;
s = r - c;
rr = (c - (r - s)) + (zs - s) + cc;
spread = ex + ey;
if (spread + ilogbl(r) > -16383) {
fesetround(oround);
r = r + rr;
} else {
/*
* The result is subnormal, so we round before scaling to
* avoid double rounding.
*/
p = ldexpl(copysignl(0x1p-16382L, r), -spread);
c = r + p;
s = c - r;
cc = (r - (c - s)) + (p - s) + rr;
fesetround(oround);
r = (c + cc) - p;
}
return (ldexpl(r, spread));
}

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