diff --git a/include/chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp b/include/chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp
index 92483fd..c07e64c 100644
--- a/include/chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp
+++ b/include/chaiscript/chaiscript_stdlib.hpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "dispatchkit/bootstrap.hpp"
 #include "dispatchkit/bootstrap_stl.hpp"
 #include "dispatchkit/boxed_value.hpp"
+#include "language/chaiscript_prelude.chai"
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_NO_THREADS
 #include <future>
@@ -47,9 +48,11 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_NO_THREADS
         lib->add(standard_library::future_type<std::future<chaiscript::Boxed_Value>>("future"));
-        lib->add(chaiscript::fun<std::future<Boxed_Value> (const std::function<chaiscript::Boxed_Value ()> &)>([](const std::function<chaiscript::Boxed_Value ()> &t_func){ return std::async(std::launch::async, t_func);}), "async");
+        lib->add(chaiscript::fun([](const std::function<chaiscript::Boxed_Value ()> &t_func){ return std::async(std::launch::async, t_func);}), "async");
 #endif
 
+        lib->eval(ChaiScript_Prelude::chaiscript_prelude() /*, "standard prelude"*/ );
+
         return lib;
       }
 
diff --git a/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap_stl.hpp b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap_stl.hpp
index ad31f6b..650124c 100644
--- a/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap_stl.hpp
+++ b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/bootstrap_stl.hpp
@@ -243,18 +243,18 @@ namespace chaiscript
       template<typename ContainerType>
         ModulePtr random_access_container_type(const std::string &/*type*/, ModulePtr m = std::make_shared<Module>())
         {
-          // cppcheck-suppress syntaxError
-          typedef typename ContainerType::reference(ContainerType::*indexoper)(size_t);
-
           //In the interest of runtime safety for the m, we prefer the at() method for [] access,
           //to throw an exception in an out of bounds condition.
           m->add(
-              fun(std::function<typename ContainerType::reference (ContainerType *, int)>
-                (std::mem_fn(static_cast<indexoper>(&ContainerType::at)))), "[]");
+              fun(
+                [](ContainerType &c, int index) -> typename ContainerType::reference {
+                  return c.at(index);
+                }), "[]");
+
           m->add(
               fun(
-                [](const ContainerType *c, int index) -> typename ContainerType::const_reference {
-                  return c->at(index);
+                [](const ContainerType &c, int index) -> typename ContainerType::const_reference {
+                  return c.at(index);
                 }), "[]");
 
           return m;
diff --git a/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_number.hpp b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_number.hpp
index 2344e09..15b4f8c 100644
--- a/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_number.hpp
+++ b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/boxed_number.hpp
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       }
 
       template<typename LHS>
-        static Boxed_Value oper_rhs(Operators::Opers t_oper, const Boxed_Value &t_lhs, const Boxed_Value &t_rhs)
+        inline static Boxed_Value oper_rhs(Operators::Opers t_oper, const Boxed_Value &t_lhs, const Boxed_Value &t_rhs)
         {
           const auto &inp_ = t_rhs.get_type_info();
 
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
           }
         } 
 
-        static Boxed_Value oper(Operators::Opers t_oper, const Boxed_Value &t_lhs, const Boxed_Value &t_rhs)
+        inline static Boxed_Value oper(Operators::Opers t_oper, const Boxed_Value &t_lhs, const Boxed_Value &t_rhs)
         {
           const Type_Info &inp_ = t_lhs.get_type_info();
 
diff --git a/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/callable_traits.hpp b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/callable_traits.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9954eea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/callable_traits.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// This file is distributed under the BSD License.
+// See "license.txt" for details.
+// Copyright 2009-2012, Jonathan Turner (jonathan@emptycrate.com)
+// Copyright 2009-2015, Jason Turner (jason@emptycrate.com)
+// http://www.chaiscript.com
+
+#ifndef CHAISCRIPT_CALLABLE_TRAITS_HPP_
+#define CHAISCRIPT_CALLABLE_TRAITS_HPP_
+
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace chaiscript {
+  namespace dispatch {
+    namespace detail {
+
+      template<typename Class, typename ... Param>
+      struct Constructor
+      {
+        template<typename ... Inner>
+        std::shared_ptr<Class> operator()(Inner&& ... inner) const {
+          return std::make_shared<Class>(std::forward<Inner>(inner)...);
+        }
+      };
+
+      template<typename Ret, typename Class, typename ... Param>
+      struct Const_Caller
+      {
+        Const_Caller(Ret (Class::*t_func)(Param...) const) : m_func(t_func) {}
+
+        template<typename ... Inner>
+        Ret operator()(const Class &o, Inner&& ... inner) const {
+          return (o.*m_func)(std::forward<Inner>(inner)...);
+        }
+
+        Ret (Class::*m_func)(Param...) const;
+      };
+
+      template<typename Ret, typename ... Param>
+      struct Fun_Caller
+      {
+        Fun_Caller(Ret( * t_func)(Param...) ) : m_func(t_func) {}
+
+        template<typename ... Inner>
+        Ret operator()(Inner&& ... inner) const {
+          return (m_func)(std::forward<Inner>(inner)...);
+        }
+
+        Ret(*m_func)(Param...);
+      };
+
+      template<typename Ret, typename Class, typename ... Param>
+      struct Caller
+      {
+        Caller(Ret (Class::*t_func)(Param...)) : m_func(t_func) {}
+
+        template<typename ... Inner>
+        Ret operator()(Class &o, Inner&& ... inner) const {
+          return (o.*m_func)(std::forward<Inner>(inner)...);
+        }
+
+        Ret (Class::*m_func)(Param...);
+      };
+
+
+      template<typename T>
+        struct Function_Signature
+        {
+        };
+
+      template<typename Ret, typename ... Params>
+      struct Function_Signature<Ret (Params...)>
+        {
+          typedef Ret Return_Type;
+          typedef Ret (Signature)(Params...);
+        };
+
+      template<typename Ret, typename T, typename ... Params>
+      struct Function_Signature<Ret (T::*)(Params...) const>
+        {
+          typedef Ret Return_Type;
+          typedef Ret (Signature)(Params...);
+        };
+
+
+      template<typename T>
+        struct Callable_Traits
+        {
+          typedef typename Function_Signature<decltype(&T::operator())>::Signature Signature;
+          typedef typename Function_Signature<decltype(&T::operator())>::Return_Type Return_Type;
+        };
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/function_call_detail.hpp b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/function_call_detail.hpp
index 9410d15..fb6b5fc 100644
--- a/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/function_call_detail.hpp
+++ b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/function_call_detail.hpp
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       template<typename Ret, typename ... Params>
         std::function<Ret (Params...)> build_function_caller_helper(Ret (Params...), const std::vector<Const_Proxy_Function> &funcs, const Type_Conversions *t_conversions)
         {
+          /*
           if (funcs.size() == 1)
           {
             std::shared_ptr<const Proxy_Function_Impl<Ret (Params...)>> pfi = 
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
             // looks like this either wasn't a Proxy_Function_Impl or the types didn't match
             // we cannot make any other guesses or assumptions really, so continuing
           }
+*/
 
           return std::function<Ret (Params...)>(Build_Function_Caller_Helper<Ret, Params...>(funcs, t_conversions?*t_conversions:Type_Conversions()));
         }
diff --git a/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/handle_return.hpp b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/handle_return.hpp
index d028e85..e3a8254 100644
--- a/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/handle_return.hpp
+++ b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/handle_return.hpp
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 #include <functional>
 #include <memory>
-#include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
 
 #include "boxed_number.hpp"
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 {
   namespace dispatch
   {
-    template<class T> class Proxy_Function_Impl;
+    template<class T, class U> class Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl;
     template<class T> class Assignable_Proxy_Function_Impl;
 
     namespace detail
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
           static Boxed_Value handle(const std::function<Ret> &f) {
             return Boxed_Value(
-                chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Proxy_Function_Impl<Ret>>(f)
+                chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl<Ret, std::function<Ret>>>(f)
               );
           }
         };
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
         {
           static Boxed_Value handle(const std::function<Ret> &f) {
             return Boxed_Value(
-                chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Proxy_Function_Impl<Ret>>(f)
+                chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl<Ret, std::function<Ret>>>(f)
               );
           }
         };
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 
           static Boxed_Value handle(const std::function<Ret> &f) {
             return Boxed_Value(
-                chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Proxy_Function_Impl<Ret>>(f)
+                chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl<Ret, std::function<Ret>>>(f)
               );
           }
         };
diff --git a/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_constructors.hpp b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_constructors.hpp
index 2866d97..063c557 100644
--- a/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_constructors.hpp
+++ b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_constructors.hpp
@@ -16,21 +16,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
   {
     namespace detail
     {
-      /**
-       * A constructor function, used for creating a new object
-       * of a given type with a given set of params
-       */
-      template<typename Class, typename ... Params>
-        std::shared_ptr<Class> constructor_(Params ... params)
-        {
-          return std::make_shared<Class>(params...);
-        }
 
       template<typename Class, typename ... Params  >
         Proxy_Function build_constructor_(Class (*)(Params...))
         {
-          typedef std::shared_ptr<Class> (sig)(Params...);
-          return Proxy_Function(static_cast<Proxy_Function_Impl_Base *>(new Proxy_Function_Impl<sig>(std::function<sig>(&(constructor_<Class, Params...>)))));
+          auto call = dispatch::detail::Constructor<Class, Params...>();
+
+          return Proxy_Function(
+            chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl<std::shared_ptr<Class> (Params...), decltype(call)>>(call));
         }
     }
   }
diff --git a/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_functions.hpp b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_functions.hpp
index 39011ca..e0a413a 100644
--- a/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_functions.hpp
+++ b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_functions.hpp
@@ -549,48 +549,44 @@ namespace chaiscript
         virtual bool compare_types_with_cast(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions &t_conversions) const = 0;
     };
 
-    /// The standard typesafe function call implementation of Proxy_Function
-    /// It takes a std::function<> object and performs runtime 
-    /// type checking of Boxed_Value parameters, in a type safe manner
-    template<typename Func>
-      class Proxy_Function_Impl : public Proxy_Function_Impl_Base
+
+
+    /// For any callable object
+    template<typename Func, typename Callable>
+      class Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl : public Proxy_Function_Impl_Base
     {
       public:
-        Proxy_Function_Impl(std::function<Func> f)
+        Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl(Callable f)
           : Proxy_Function_Impl_Base(detail::build_param_type_list(static_cast<Func *>(nullptr))),
-            m_f(std::move(f)), m_dummy_func(nullptr)
+            m_f(std::move(f))
         {
         }
 
-        virtual ~Proxy_Function_Impl() {}
+        virtual ~Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl() {}
 
         virtual bool compare_types_with_cast(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
         {
-          return detail::compare_types_cast(m_dummy_func, vals, t_conversions);
+          return detail::compare_types_cast(static_cast<Func *>(nullptr), vals, t_conversions);
         }
 
         virtual bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &t_func) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
         {
-          return dynamic_cast<const Proxy_Function_Impl<Func> *>(&t_func) != nullptr;
+          return dynamic_cast<const Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl<Func, Callable> *>(&t_func) != nullptr;
         }
 
-        std::function<Func> internal_function() const
-        {
-          return m_f;
-        }
 
       protected:
         virtual Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
         {
-          return detail::Do_Call<typename std::function<Func>::result_type>::go(m_f, params, t_conversions);
+          typedef typename detail::Function_Signature<Func>::Return_Type Return_Type;
+          return detail::Do_Call<Return_Type>::template go<Func>(m_f, params, t_conversions);
         }
 
-
       private:
-        std::function<Func> m_f;
-        Func *m_dummy_func;
+        Callable m_f;
     };
 
+
     class Assignable_Proxy_Function : public Proxy_Function_Impl_Base
     {
       public:
@@ -613,17 +609,16 @@ namespace chaiscript
       public:
         Assignable_Proxy_Function_Impl(std::reference_wrapper<std::function<Func>> t_f, std::shared_ptr<std::function<Func>> t_ptr)
           : Assignable_Proxy_Function(detail::build_param_type_list(static_cast<Func *>(nullptr))),
-            m_f(std::move(t_f)), m_shared_ptr_holder(std::move(t_ptr)), m_dummy_func(nullptr)
+            m_f(std::move(t_f)), m_shared_ptr_holder(std::move(t_ptr))
         {
           assert(!m_shared_ptr_holder || m_shared_ptr_holder.get() == &m_f.get());
-
         }
 
         virtual ~Assignable_Proxy_Function_Impl() {}
 
         virtual bool compare_types_with_cast(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &vals, const Type_Conversions &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
         {
-          return detail::compare_types_cast(m_dummy_func, vals, t_conversions);
+          return detail::compare_types_cast(static_cast<Func *>(nullptr), vals, t_conversions);
         }
 
         virtual bool operator==(const Proxy_Function_Base &t_func) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
@@ -643,14 +638,13 @@ namespace chaiscript
       protected:
         virtual Boxed_Value do_call(const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions &t_conversions) const CHAISCRIPT_OVERRIDE
         {
-          return detail::Do_Call<typename std::function<Func>::result_type>::go(m_f.get(), params, t_conversions);
+          return detail::Do_Call<typename std::function<Func>::result_type>::template go<Func>(m_f.get(), params, t_conversions);
         }
 
 
       private:
         std::reference_wrapper<std::function<Func>> m_f;
         std::shared_ptr<std::function<Func>> m_shared_ptr_holder;
-        Func *m_dummy_func;
     };
     /// Attribute getter Proxy_Function implementation
     template<typename T, typename Class>
diff --git a/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_functions_detail.hpp b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_functions_detail.hpp
index ccfe83f..130d3c1 100644
--- a/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_functions_detail.hpp
+++ b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/proxy_functions_detail.hpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "boxed_value.hpp"
 #include "handle_return.hpp"
 #include "type_info.hpp"
+#include "callable_traits.hpp"
 
 namespace chaiscript {
 class Type_Conversions;
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
 #ifdef CHAISCRIPT_GCC_4_6 
       /// \todo REMOVE THIS WHEN WE DROP G++4.6
 
+
       // Forward declaration
       template<typename ... Rest> 
         struct Try_Cast; 
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@ namespace chaiscript
       template<typename Ret, typename ... Params>
         bool compare_types_cast(Ret (*)(Params...),
              const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions &t_conversions)
-       {
+        {
           try {
             Try_Cast<Params...>::do_try(params, 0, t_conversions);
           } catch (const exception::bad_boxed_cast &) {
@@ -114,8 +116,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
         struct Call_Func
         {
 
-          template<typename ... InnerParams>
-          static Ret do_call(const std::function<Ret (Params...)> &f,
+          template<typename Callable, typename ... InnerParams>
+          static Ret do_call(const Callable &f,
               const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions &t_conversions, InnerParams &&... innerparams)
           {
             return Call_Func<Ret, count - 1, Params...>::do_call(f, params, t_conversions, std::forward<InnerParams>(innerparams)..., params[sizeof...(Params) - count]);
@@ -129,8 +131,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
 #pragma warning(push)
 #pragma warning(disable : 4100) /// Disable unreferenced formal parameter warning, which only shows up in MSVC I don't think there's any way around it \todo evaluate this
 #endif
-          template<typename ... InnerParams>
-            static Ret do_call(const std::function<Ret (Params...)> &f,
+          template<typename Callable, typename ... InnerParams>
+            static Ret do_call(const Callable &f,
                 const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &, const Type_Conversions &t_conversions, InnerParams &&... innerparams)
             {
               return f(boxed_cast<Params>(std::forward<InnerParams>(innerparams), &t_conversions)...);
@@ -146,8 +148,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
        * if any unboxing fails the execution of the function fails and
        * the bad_boxed_cast is passed up to the caller.
        */
-      template<typename Ret, typename ... Params>
-        Ret call_func(const std::function<Ret (Params...)> &f,
+      template<typename Callable, typename Ret, typename ... Params>
+        Ret call_func(const chaiscript::dispatch::detail::Function_Signature<Ret (Params...)> &, const Callable &f,
             const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions &t_conversions)
         {
           if (params.size() == sizeof...(Params))
@@ -158,6 +160,8 @@ namespace chaiscript
           throw exception::arity_error(static_cast<int>(params.size()), sizeof...(Params));
         }
 
+
+
 #else
 
       template<size_t ... I>
@@ -206,8 +210,9 @@ namespace chaiscript
           return compare_types_cast(indexes(), f, params, t_conversions);
         }
 
-      template<typename Ret, typename ... Params, size_t ... I>
-        Ret call_func(Indexes<I...>, const std::function<Ret (Params...)> &f,
+
+      template<typename Callable, typename Ret, typename ... Params, size_t ... I>
+        Ret call_func(const chaiscript::dispatch::detail::Function_Signature<Ret (Params...)> &, Indexes<I...>, const Callable &f,
             const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions &t_conversions)
         {
           (void)params; (void)t_conversions;
@@ -221,17 +226,12 @@ namespace chaiscript
        * if any unboxing fails the execution of the function fails and
        * the bad_boxed_cast is passed up to the caller.
        */
-      template<typename Ret, typename ... Params>
-        Ret call_func(const std::function<Ret (Params...)> &f,
+      template<typename Callable, typename Ret, typename ... Params>
+        Ret call_func(const chaiscript::dispatch::detail::Function_Signature<Ret (Params...)> &sig, const Callable &f,
             const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions &t_conversions)
         {
-          if (params.size() == sizeof...(Params))
-          {
-            typedef typename Make_Indexes<sizeof...(Params)>::indexes indexes;
-            return call_func(indexes(), f, params, t_conversions);
-          }
-
-          throw exception::arity_error(static_cast<int>(params.size()), sizeof...(Params));
+          typedef typename Make_Indexes<sizeof...(Params)>::indexes indexes;
+          return call_func(sig, indexes(), f, params, t_conversions);
         }
 
 #endif
@@ -251,20 +251,20 @@ namespace chaiscript
     template<typename Ret>
       struct Do_Call
       {
-        template<typename Fun>
-          static Boxed_Value go(const std::function<Fun> &fun, const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions &t_conversions)
+        template<typename Signature, typename Callable>
+          static Boxed_Value go(const Callable &fun, const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions &t_conversions)
           {
-            return Handle_Return<Ret>::handle(call_func(fun, params, t_conversions));
+            return Handle_Return<Ret>::handle(call_func(Function_Signature<Signature>(), fun, params, t_conversions));
           }
       };
 
     template<>
       struct Do_Call<void>
       {
-        template<typename Fun>
-          static Boxed_Value go(const std::function<Fun> &fun, const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions &t_conversions)
+        template<typename Signature, typename Callable>
+          static Boxed_Value go(const Callable &fun, const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &params, const Type_Conversions &t_conversions)
           {
-            call_func(fun, params, t_conversions);
+            call_func(Function_Signature<Signature>(), fun, params, t_conversions);
             return Handle_Return<void>::handle();
           }
       };
diff --git a/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/register_function.hpp b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/register_function.hpp
index 4998ede..598dd8b 100644
--- a/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/register_function.hpp
+++ b/include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/register_function.hpp
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_REGISTER_FUNCTION_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_REGISTER_FUNCTION_HPP_
 
-#include <functional>
 #include <type_traits>
 
 #include "bind_first.hpp"
@@ -15,75 +14,6 @@
 
 namespace chaiscript
 {
-  namespace dispatch
-  {
-    namespace detail
-    {
-      template<typename T>
-        struct FunctionSignature
-        {
-        };
-
-      template<typename Sig>
-        struct FunctionSignature<std::function<Sig> >
-        {
-          typedef Sig Signature;
-        };
-
-      template<typename Ret, typename ... Args> 
-        std::function<Ret (Args...) > to_function(Ret (*func)(Args...))
-        {
-          return std::function<Ret (Args...)>(func);
-        }
-
-
-      template<typename Ret, typename Class, typename ... Args> 
-        std::function<Ret (Class &, Args...) > to_function(Ret (Class::*func)(Args...))
-        {
-#ifdef CHAISCRIPT_MSVC
-          /// \todo this std::mem_fn wrap shouldn't be necessary but type conversions for 
-          ///       std::function for member function pointers seems to be broken in MSVC
-          return std::function<Ret(Class &, Args...)>(std::mem_fn(func));
-#else
-          return std::function<Ret(Class &, Args...)>(func);
-#endif
-        }
-
-      template<typename Ret, typename Class, typename ... Args> 
-        std::function<Ret (const Class &, Args...) > to_function(Ret (Class::*func)(Args...) const)
-        {
-#if defined(CHAISCRIPT_MSVC) || defined(CHAISCRIPT_LIBCPP)
-          /// \todo this std::mem_fn wrap shouldn't be necessary but type conversions for 
-          ///       std::function for member function pointers seems to be broken in MSVC
-          return std::function<Ret (const Class &, Args...)>([func](const Class &o, Args... args)->Ret {
-                return (o.*func)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-              });
-#else
-          return std::function<Ret(const Class &, Args...)>(func);
-#endif
-        }
-
-      template<typename T, typename Ret, typename Class, typename ... Args> 
-        std::function<Ret (Args...)> to_function_callable(Ret (Class::*)(Args...), T t)
-        {
-          return std::function<Ret (Args...)>(t);
-        }
-
-      template<typename T, typename Ret, typename Class, typename ... Args> 
-        std::function<Ret (Args...)> to_function_callable(Ret (Class::*)(Args...) const, T t)
-        {
-          return std::function<Ret (Args...)>(t);
-        }
-
-
-      template<typename T>
-        auto to_function(T t) -> decltype(to_function_callable(&T::operator(), t))
-        {
-          return to_function_callable(&T::operator(), t);
-        }
-
-    }
-  }
 
   /// \brief Creates a new Proxy_Function object from a free function, member function or data member
   /// \param[in] t Function / member to expose
@@ -108,22 +38,39 @@ namespace chaiscript
   template<typename T>
     Proxy_Function fun(const T &t)
     {
+      typedef typename dispatch::detail::Callable_Traits<T>::Signature Signature;
+
       return Proxy_Function(
-          chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Proxy_Function_Impl<typename dispatch::detail::FunctionSignature<decltype(dispatch::detail::to_function(t)) >::Signature>>(dispatch::detail::to_function(t)));
+          chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl<Signature, T>>(t));
+    }
+
+  template<typename Ret, typename ... Param>
+    Proxy_Function fun(Ret (*func)(Param...))
+    {
+      auto fun_call = dispatch::detail::Fun_Caller<Ret, Param...>(func);
+
+      return Proxy_Function(
+          chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl<Ret (Param...), decltype(fun_call)>>(fun_call));
+
     }
 
   template<typename Ret, typename Class, typename ... Param>
-    Proxy_Function fun(Ret (Class::*func)(Param...) const)
+    Proxy_Function fun(Ret (Class::*t_func)(Param...) const)
     {
+      auto call = dispatch::detail::Const_Caller<Ret, Class, Param...>(t_func);
+
       return Proxy_Function(
-          chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Proxy_Function_Impl<typename dispatch::detail::FunctionSignature<decltype(dispatch::detail::to_function(func)) >::Signature>>(dispatch::detail::to_function(func)));
+          chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl<Ret (const Class &, Param...), decltype(call)>>(call));
     }
 
   template<typename Ret, typename Class, typename ... Param>
-    Proxy_Function fun(Ret (Class::*func)(Param...))
+    Proxy_Function fun(Ret (Class::*t_func)(Param...))
     {
+      auto call = dispatch::detail::Caller<Ret, Class, Param...>(t_func);
+
       return Proxy_Function(
-          chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Proxy_Function_Impl<typename dispatch::detail::FunctionSignature<decltype(dispatch::detail::to_function(func)) >::Signature>>(dispatch::detail::to_function(func)));
+          chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Proxy_Function_Callable_Impl<Ret (Class &, Param...), decltype(call)>>(call));
+
     }
 
 
@@ -134,22 +81,6 @@ namespace chaiscript
     }
 
 
-  /// \brief Creates a new Proxy_Function object from a std::function object
-  /// \param[in] f std::function to expose to ChaiScript
-  ///
-  /// \b Example:
-  /// \code
-  /// std::function<int (char, float, std::string)> f = get_some_function();
-  /// chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
-  /// chai.add(fun(f), "some_function");
-  /// \endcode
-  /// 
-  /// \sa \ref adding_functions
-  template<typename T>
-    Proxy_Function fun(const std::function<T> &f)
-    {
-      return Proxy_Function(chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Proxy_Function_Impl<T>>(f));
-    }
 
   
   /// \brief Creates a new Proxy_Function object from a free function, member function or data member and binds the first parameter of it
diff --git a/include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_engine.hpp b/include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_engine.hpp
index 5b3602b..a7d3bad 100644
--- a/include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_engine.hpp
+++ b/include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_engine.hpp
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@
 
 #include "../dispatchkit/exception_specification.hpp"
 #include "chaiscript_parser.hpp"
-#include "chaiscript_prelude.chai"
 
 namespace chaiscript
 {
@@ -356,13 +355,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
         add(t_lib);
       }
 
-      m_engine.add(fun(&chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_Engine::dump_system, std::ref(m_engine)), "dump_system");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_Engine::dump_object, std::ref(m_engine)), "dump_object");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_Engine::is_type, std::ref(m_engine)), "is_type");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_Engine::type_name, std::ref(m_engine)), "type_name");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_Engine::function_exists, std::ref(m_engine)), "function_exists");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_Engine::get_function_objects, std::ref(m_engine)), "get_functions");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_Engine::get_scripting_objects, std::ref(m_engine)), "get_objects");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](){ m_engine.dump_system(); }), "dump_system");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](const Boxed_Value &t_bv){ m_engine.dump_object(t_bv); }), "dump_object");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const std::string &t_type){ return m_engine.is_type(t_bv, t_type); }), "is_type");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](const Boxed_Value &t_bv){ return m_engine.type_name(t_bv); }), "type_name");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_f){ return m_engine.function_exists(t_f); }), "function_exists");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](){ return m_engine.get_function_objects(); }), "get_functions");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](){ return m_engine.get_scripting_objects(); }), "get_objects");
+
       m_engine.add(chaiscript::make_shared<dispatch::Proxy_Function_Base, dispatch::Dynamic_Proxy_Function>(
               [this](const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &t_params) {
                 return m_engine.call_exists(t_params);
@@ -375,10 +375,10 @@ namespace chaiscript
               return t_fun(t_params, this->m_engine.conversions());
             }), "call");
 
-      m_engine.add(fun(&chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_Engine::get_type_name, std::ref(m_engine)), "name");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](const Type_Info &t_ti){ return m_engine.get_type_name(t_ti); }), "name");
 
-      m_engine.add(fun(&chaiscript::detail::Dispatch_Engine::get_type, std::ref(m_engine)), "type");
-      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_type_name){ return this->m_engine.get_type(t_type_name, true); }), "type");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_type_name, bool t_throw){ return m_engine.get_type(t_type_name, t_throw); }), "type");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_type_name){ return m_engine.get_type(t_type_name, true); }), "type");
 
       m_engine.add(fun(
             [=](const Type_Info &t_from, const Type_Info &t_to, const std::function<Boxed_Value (const Boxed_Value &)> &t_func) {
@@ -387,26 +387,23 @@ namespace chaiscript
           ), "add_type_conversion");
 
 
-      typedef std::string (ChaiScript::*load_mod_1)(const std::string&);
-      typedef void (ChaiScript::*load_mod_2)(const std::string&, const std::string&);
 
-      m_engine.add(fun(static_cast<load_mod_1>(&ChaiScript::load_module), this), "load_module");
-      m_engine.add(fun(static_cast<load_mod_2>(&ChaiScript::load_module), this), "load_module");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_module, const std::string &t_file){ return load_module(t_module, t_file); }), "load_module");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_module){ return load_module(t_module); }), "load_module");
 
-      m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::use, this), "use");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::internal_eval_file, this), "eval_file");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::internal_eval, this), "eval");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::internal_eval_ast, this), "eval");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_file){ return use(t_file); }), "use");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_file){ return internal_eval_file(t_file); }), "eval_file");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](const std::string &t_str){ return internal_eval(t_str); }), "eval");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](const AST_NodePtr &t_ast){ return internal_eval_ast(t_ast); }), "eval");
 
       m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::version_major), "version_major");
       m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::version_minor), "version_minor");
       m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::version_patch), "version_patch");
       m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::version), "version");
 
-      m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::add_global_const, this), "add_global_const");
-      m_engine.add(fun(&ChaiScript::add_global, this), "add_global");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const std::string &t_name){ add_global_const(t_bv, t_name); }), "add_global_const");
+      m_engine.add(fun([this](const Boxed_Value &t_bv, const std::string &t_name){ add_global(t_bv, t_name); }), "add_global");
 
-      do_eval(ChaiScript_Prelude::chaiscript_prelude(), "standard prelude");
     }
 
 
diff --git a/include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_eval.hpp b/include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_eval.hpp
index 2e8a922..895dcad 100644
--- a/include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_eval.hpp
+++ b/include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_eval.hpp
@@ -1418,36 +1418,40 @@ namespace chaiscript
           std::shared_ptr<dispatch::Dynamic_Proxy_Function> guard;
           if (guardnode) {
             guard = std::make_shared<dispatch::Dynamic_Proxy_Function>
-              (std::bind(chaiscript::eval::detail::eval_function,
-                         std::ref(t_ss), guardnode,
-                         t_param_names, std::placeholders::_1, std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value>()), static_cast<int>(numparams), guardnode);
+              ([&t_ss, t_param_names, guardnode](const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &t_params) {
+                 return chaiscript::eval::detail::eval_function(t_ss, guardnode, t_param_names, t_params, std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value>());
+               }, static_cast<int>(numparams), guardnode);
           }
 
           try {
             const std::string & l_annotation = annotation?annotation->text:"";
-
             const std::string & function_name = children[static_cast<size_t>(1 + class_offset)]->text;
+            auto node = children.back();
 
             if (function_name == class_name) {
               param_types.push_front(class_name, Type_Info());
-              t_ss.add(std::make_shared<dispatch::detail::Dynamic_Object_Constructor>(class_name, std::make_shared<dispatch::Dynamic_Proxy_Function>(std::bind(chaiscript::eval::detail::eval_function,
-                        std::ref(t_ss), children.back(), t_param_names, std::placeholders::_1, std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value>()), 
-                      static_cast<int>(numparams), children.back(), param_types, l_annotation, guard)), 
+
+              t_ss.add(std::make_shared<dispatch::detail::Dynamic_Object_Constructor>(class_name, 
+                    std::make_shared<dispatch::Dynamic_Proxy_Function>(
+                      [&t_ss, t_param_names, node](const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &t_params) {
+                        return chaiscript::eval::detail::eval_function(t_ss, node, t_param_names, t_params, std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value>());
+                      },
+                      static_cast<int>(numparams), node, param_types, l_annotation, guard)), 
                   function_name);
 
             } else {
-
               // if the type is unknown, then this generates a function that looks up the type
               // at runtime. Defining the type first before this is called is better
               auto type = t_ss.get_type(class_name, false);
               param_types.push_front(class_name, type);
 
-              t_ss.add(
-                  std::make_shared<dispatch::detail::Dynamic_Object_Function>(class_name, 
-                    std::make_shared<dispatch::Dynamic_Proxy_Function>(std::bind(chaiscript::eval::detail::eval_function,
-                                                                        std::ref(t_ss), children.back(),
-                                                                        t_param_names, std::placeholders::_1, std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value>()), static_cast<int>(numparams), children.back(),
-                                                              param_types, l_annotation, guard), type), function_name);
+              t_ss.add(std::make_shared<dispatch::detail::Dynamic_Object_Function>(class_name, 
+                    std::make_shared<dispatch::Dynamic_Proxy_Function>(
+                      [&t_ss, t_param_names, node](const std::vector<Boxed_Value> &t_params) {
+                        return chaiscript::eval::detail::eval_function(t_ss, node, t_param_names, t_params, std::map<std::string, Boxed_Value>());
+                      },
+                      static_cast<int>(numparams), node, param_types, l_annotation, guard), type), 
+                  function_name);
             }
           }
           catch (const exception::reserved_word_error &e) {
@@ -1473,15 +1477,14 @@ namespace chaiscript
           std::string class_name = (itr != d.end())?std::string(boxed_cast<std::string>(itr->second)):this->children[0]->text;
 
           try {
+            std::string attr_name = this->children[static_cast<size_t>(1 + class_offset)]->text;
+
             t_ss.add(
                 std::make_shared<dispatch::detail::Dynamic_Object_Function>(
                      std::move(class_name),
-                     fun(std::function<Boxed_Value (dispatch::Dynamic_Object &)>(
-                         std::bind(static_cast<Boxed_Value &(dispatch::Dynamic_Object::*)(const std::string &)>(&dispatch::Dynamic_Object::get_attr), 
-                             std::placeholders::_1,
-                             this->children[static_cast<size_t>(1 + class_offset)]->text
-                             ))
-                     ),
+                     fun([attr_name](dispatch::Dynamic_Object &t_obj) {
+                           return t_obj.get_attr(attr_name);
+                         }),
                      true
 
                 ), this->children[static_cast<size_t>(1 + class_offset)]->text);
diff --git a/include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_parser.hpp b/include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_parser.hpp
index 1fdc4f5..7588d40 100644
--- a/include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_parser.hpp
+++ b/include/chaiscript/language/chaiscript_parser.hpp
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
 #ifndef CHAISCRIPT_PARSER_HPP_
 #define CHAISCRIPT_PARSER_HPP_
 
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cstring>
 #include <exception>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <memory>
@@ -16,6 +14,8 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include <cctype>
+#include <cstring>
+
 
 #include "../dispatchkit/boxed_value.hpp"
 #include "chaiscript_common.hpp"
diff --git a/unittests/compiled_tests.cpp b/unittests/compiled_tests.cpp
index b49f90e..c856e9a 100644
--- a/unittests/compiled_tests.cpp
+++ b/unittests/compiled_tests.cpp
@@ -37,8 +37,7 @@ TEST_CASE("C++11 Lambdas Can Be Registered")
   // in an std::function or provide the signature
   chaiscript::ChaiScript chai;
 
-  // provide the signature
-  chai.add(chaiscript::fun<std::string ()>([] { return "hello"; } ), "f1");
+  chai.add(chaiscript::fun([]()->std::string { return "hello"; } ), "f1");
 
   // wrap
   chai.add(chaiscript::fun(std::function<std::string ()>([] { return "world"; } )), "f2");